AlCl3+3NH4OH3NH4Cl + Al(OH)3(white ppt)Lake test:: Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O AlCl3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4Cl + Al(OH)3(blue color absorbs on this ppt)

ZnCl2+2NH4OH2NH4Cl + Zn(OH)2

Zn(OH)2 + H2S 2H2O + ZnS(dirty white ppt)ZnS + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2SPott ferrocyanide test :: ZnCl2 + K4[Fe(CN)6]Zn2[Fe(CN)6](white ppt) + 4KCl2

BaCl2 + (NH4)2CO3BaCO3(ppt) + 2NH4Cl(Same fr all BSC)BaCO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ba + CO2 + H2O(Same fr all BSC)::Fr Ba(potCromte test) (CH3COO)2Ba+ K2CrO42CH3COOK + BaCrO4(yellow ppt)::fr Sr(amm.Sulphte test) (CH3COO)2Sr + (NH4)2SO42CH3COONH4 + SrSO4(white ppt)::fr Ca(ammOxalate test) (CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 2 CH3COONH4 + CaC2O4(white ppt)

Amm.Phsphte test(fr Mg) MgCl2+NH4OH+(NH4)2HPO4Mg(NH4)PO4(white ppt) + 2NH4Cl + H2O

NaCl-+AgNO3 AgCl(white ppt) + NaNO3

AgCl+2NH4OH[Ag(NH3)2]Cl](soluble complex)+2H2O {this rection not in Br}

KNO3+H2SO4KHSO4+HNO3

6FeSO4+3H2SO4+2HNO33Fe2(SO4)3+4H20+2NOFeSO4+NO+5H2O[Fe(NO)(H20)5]SO4(Brown ring)

K3PO4 + 3(NH4) 2MoO42(NH4)3PO4 + 3K2MoO4

K2MoO4 + 2HNO3 H2MoO4(molybdic acid) + 2KNO3

H2MoO4MoO3 + H2O(NH4)3PO4 + 12MoO3 + 6H20 (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3.6H2O (amm. Phsphte molybdate)

*Cl--- aq soln. + dil HNO3.Boil.Cool.+AgNO3.-white ppt.fully soluble in NH4OH*Br---aq soln+dil HNO3.Boil.Cool.+AgNO3.-light yellow ppt.partially soluble in NH4OH*NO3

-(brwn vapours).(paper ball after conc H2SO4).--.aq soln+FeSO4+conc.H2SO4(slowly on sides)Brown ring formed*CH3COO-(smell vingar,paper ball black)—Salt(less)+conc H2SO4(2ml).Heat.+ethyl alcohol(1ml).ShakePour in beaker of water-fruity smell.*SO4

2—aq soln+BaCl2-white ppt.Insoluble in dil HCl.*PO4

3---- aq soln.+conc HNO3.Boil.+amm. Molybdate-deep yellow ppt or coloration

0-NaOH+Salt,heat,rod dipped dil hcl1-OS+HCl-If white ppt, water+ppt, boil,+K2Cr04-yellow ppt,Pb+ confirmed2-Pass H2S in 1 -if ppt,2nd group present3-OS+(4-5drps)concHNO3.Boil.+(2g)NH4Cl.Boil again.Cool.+(excess)NH4OH.Shake.If white ppt.Cntrfge. Lake test-ppt+dil Hcl+(2drps)blue litmus soln+NH4OH (dropwise)till blue color develops.Blue ppt(floating in colorless soln).-Al3+ prsnt4-If no ppt in 3,+H2S.If dirty white ppt.Centrifuge. Dissolve in HCl.+K4[Fe(CN)6](pot. Ferrocyanide) – white or bluish white ppt-Zn2+

5-OS+(2-3gm)NH4CL(solid).Boil,cool.+NH4OH till smell of ammonia.+(NH4)2CO3.If white ppt-centrifuge.Dissolve in hot dil acetic acid.Fr Ba2+,above soln+K2CrO4.-yellow ppt. ::::Fr Sr2+ ,abve sol+(1ml)amm.sulphte.Warm.White ppt.::::Fr Ca2+-abve sol+(1-2 ml)amm.oxalate.+NH4OH.Scratch sides.-White ppt6-OS+NH4CL+NH4OH(slight excess).+amm phsphte.Rub sides.Thick white ppt.-Mg2+