LAB INSTRUCTOR: COURSE DESCRIPTION · Myology!Page 3!Bio 128 Advanced Anatomy Lab. Deﬁnitions: Origin: this is the muscle attachment that is usually closer to the midline of the

Lab Syllabus

COURSE: Spring 2013 Advanced Human Anatomy, Biology 128 LAB: M 1-5 pm (Brousseau 233)

INSTRUCTOR: Greg Smith

COURSE DESCRIPTION: Study of the anatomy of the human body. This course is taught through a regional approach, emphasizing the structural relationships and functional aspects of gross anatomy, histology and embryology. References to the evolution of anatomic structure will be included. Extensive out of class dissections will be expected.

OFFICE HOURS: TBD

LABORATORY ATLAS: Grant's Dissector by Patrick Tank, 14th edition, Wolters Kluwer, ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-7431-4 (required)

EXAMS: There will be approximately 3-4 lab practicals given during the semester. The practicals will consist of both identification and short answer questions. Your success in the class will be determined by your ability to assimilate a large volume of information. The practicals will cover the material for each section.

GRADES AND GRADING: To determine the final course grade, the lecture portion will contribute 50% and the lab portion will contribute 50%. The lab grade will be determined by your lab practical scores and the quality of your dissection. The final grade scale will be as follows:

! ! ! ! ! 90 - 100%! =! A! ! ! ! ! 80 - 89! =! B! ! ! ! ! 70 - 79! =! C! ! ! ! ! 60 - 69! =! D! ! ! ! ! below 60! =! F

Please note: I will drop your lowest exam score at the end of the semester before calculating your final average. Because of this, I do NOT give make-up exams. For example, if you miss an exam for ANY reason, the score from that exam will be a 0 and will probably end up being the score that I would drop. Please note that you must take the final exam.

Notice: Correct spelling of the anatomic terms is essential to the correct use of anatomical terms. This is a normal expectation for this subject. Accurate spelling is expected for full credit on all exams.

! Page 1! Bio 128 Advanced Anatomy Lab

Posterior bodyWe will dissect the posterior body first, working our way from the trunk and then extend out to the upper and lower extremities.

Lab 1: posterior trunk

OrientationThe student should know the following position / orientation terms and must be able to use these terms when describing the relationships of anatomic structures to each other.

anterior! ! ! internal! ! ! ! sagittal planeposterior! ! ! external! ! ! ! midsagittal planesuperior! ! ! proximal! ! ! ! superficial!inferior! ! ! distal! ! ! ! ! deepmedial!! ! ! coronal (frontal) planelateral!! ! ! transverse (horizontal) plane

Histology

Marieb, Mallatt and Wilhelmpages 68,70,81,82,86,87,90

The student should be able to identify the following cells and tissues on a microscope slide and know the related information as described in the lab.

stratified squamous epitheliumloose, irregular (areolar) connective tissuedense, irregular connective tissuedense regular connective tissueadipose tissuehyaline cartilageelastic cartilagefibrocartilageboneskeletal muscle

Dissection skillsThe instructor will demonstrate the dissections skills that you will need to expose the subcutaneous anatomic structures of the posterior trunk.

Skin removal - begin to expose the muscles listed aboveTank - pages 4! ! skills! ! ! 8a-b! ! skin! ! ! 9d-11a! superficial back muscles


Color guide to syllabusBones are listed in green! ! ! ! Muscles are listed in redNerves are listed in purple!! ! ! Blood vessels are listed in blue

Trunk

Axial skeletonVertebrae (vertebra is singular) (general information) !! body! ! ! ! ! ! transverse process! pedicle! ! ! ! ! ! spinous process! lamina! ! ! ! ! ! superior and inferior articulating ! vertebral foramen (pl. - foramina)! ! processes! intervertebral foramen

Note which parts of each vertebra contribute to the formation of the vertebral foramen and the intervertebral foramen. The intervertebral discs are found between the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae.

Regions of vertebral column (with distinguishing characters)

Cervical vertebrae! transverse foramina! C1 (atlas)! C2 (axis)

The transverse foramina are found only on the cervical vertebrae. As we will learn later, the vertebral arteries and veins pass through these foramina. The spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra is known as the vertebral prominens and is easily palpated.

Thoracic vertebrae! rib facets and demifacets

Look at the articulated skeletons to see how the ribs articulate with the rib facets and demifacets.

Lumbar vertebrae! transverse processes (large and distinctive on lumbar vertebrae)

Sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)

Note that the sacrum has vertebral foramina and intervertebral foramina.Coccyx (variable in number, typically 3-5) (see on articulated skeleton)

Myology


Definitions:Origin: this is the muscle attachment that is usually closer to the midline of the body or

more proximal on a limb than the other attachment site(s)

Insertion: this is the muscle attachment that is usually further from the midline of the body or more distal on a limb than the other attachment site(s)

Action: this describes how a muscle moves a bone with respect to another bone or how a muscle acts on a joint. You MUST describe what is being acted upon. For example:

Incorrect: the biceps brachii flexes (in other words, what does it flex?)

Correct: the biceps brachii flexes the forearm (or elbow joint)

Labs 2 and 3: shoulder, proximal arm, hip and proximal thigh

Continue dissection of posterior trunkTank - pages 10b-11c superficial back muscles! ! ! 12d-13b deep back muscles! ! ! 16c-17a spinal cord! ! ! 22-24a posterior shoulder and arm

Muscles that move the vertebral column(these muscles are a part of a muscle group known as the erector spinae)! iliocostalis ! ! ! ! ! longissimus! spinalis!

Nerves! spinal cord (regions – cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral), spinal nerves, filum terminale, cauda equina

Blood vessels

Upper limbPosterior dissection of upper limb Tank - pages 35b-35c posterior arm

Shoulder and proximal armBonesScapula! spine! ! ! ! ! ! superior border! superior angle! ! ! ! ! inferior angle! glenoid fossa (cavity)!! ! ! subscapular fossa! vertebral (medial) border! ! ! supraspinous fossa! axillary (lateral) border! ! ! infraspinous fossa


Palpate the spine and the acromion process of the scapula on you.

Humerus! head! ! ! ! ! greater tubercle! ! ! !! lesser tubercle!! ! ! intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)! deltoid tuberosity

Palpate the greater tubercle, lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove

Muscles that move the shoulder girdle! trapezius! ! ! ! ! levator scapulae! rhomboideus major! ! ! ! rhomboideus minor

Muscles that move the arm! latissimus dorsi! ! ! ! deltoideus! supraspinatus! ! ! ! ! infraspinatus! teres major! ! ! ! ! teres minor! subscapularis

Muscles of posterior arm! triceps brachii

Nerves! transverse cervical n.!!! dorsal scapular n.! radial n.

Blood vessels! posterior humeral circumflex a.! deep branch of brachial a.! radial a.

Lower limb

Hip and proximal thighTank - pages!115c-116b gluteal skin! ! 160-163b superior and deep gluteal dissection! ! 163d-165b posterior thigh

BonesPelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis), acetabulum - formed from ilium, ischium and pubis

Palpate the iliac crest (where you rest your hands when you put them on your hips), the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis on you.

Ilium


! iliac crest! ! ! ! posterior superior iliac spine! greater sciatic notch

Ischium! ischial tuberosity ! ! ! ischial spine

Pubis! pubic symphysis! ! ! pubic tubercle

Femur! head! ! ! ! ! neck! greater trochanter! ! ! lesser trochanter! gluteal tuberosity

Palpate the greater trochanter on you.

Muscles of posterior hip! gluteus maximus! ! ! ! gemellus superior! ! !! gluteus medius!! ! ! ! gemellus inferior!! gluteus minimus! ! ! ! quadratus femoris! !! piriformis!

Muscles of posterior thigh! biceps femoris! semitendinosus! semimembranosus

Nerves! superior gluteal n.! inferior gluteal n.! posterior femoral cutaneous n. ! sciatic n.

Blood vessels! superior gluteal a.! inferior gluteal a.! deep branch of femoral a.

Labs 3 and 4: distal arm, forearm, distal thigh and leg

Upper limbTank, pages 47a-d, 48c posterior forearm

Distal arm, forearm and handBonesHumerus


! olecranon fossa! ! ! ! medial epicondyle! lateral epicondyle ! ! ! ! capitulum! trochlea

Radius! head! ! ! ! ! ! styloid process! radial tuberosity

Ulna! olecranon process! ! ! ! trochlear notch (semilunar notch)! styloid process

Palpate the olecranon process and the styloid process of the ulna on you. Hold the radius and the ulna together with the humerus to observe how the depression of the head of the radius articulates with the capitulum and how the trochlear notch articulates with the trochlea. Also note how the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna. Palpate the medial and lateral epicondyles on you.

Carpals! first row from thumb side - scaphoid, navicular (lunate), triquetrum, pisiform! second row - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate! scaphoid (most frequently fractured)! trapezium (note relationship to thumb)

Metacarpals (I, II, III, IV, V)

Phalanges (singular - phalanx) (lesser fingers 2-5 have proximal, middle, distal phalanges, the thumb (finger 1) has just proximal and distal phalanges)

Muscles of the posterior forearm! extensor carpi radialis longus! ! extensor carpi radialis brevis! extensor digitorum communis! ! extensor carpi ulnaris! supinator (on limb model)

Nerves! radial nerve

Blood vessel! radial artery

Lower limbTank pages ! 165c-166c popliteal space! ! ! 168-172a posterior leg! ! ! 172b-d lateral leg (if accessible)! ! ! 175d-177a foot


Distal thigh, leg and footBones

Femur! linea aspera! ! ! ! medial condyle! lateral condyle!Tibia! medial malleolus

Fibula! head! ! ! ! ! lateral malleolus

Tarsals! calcaneus! ! ! ! cuboid! talus! ! ! ! ! navicular! cuneiforms

Hold the tibia and fibula together distally and note how the talus of the foot articulates with these two leg bones to form the ankle joint. Note how dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are the only actions allowed by this joint.

Metatarsals (I, II, III, IV, V)

Phalanges (singular - phalanx) (lesser toes 2-5 have proximal, middle, distal phalanges, the great toe (toe 1) has just proximal and distal phalanges)

Muscles of posterior leg! gastrocnemius!! ! !! soleus! ! ! ! ! ! !! tibialis posterior! flexor digitorum longus! flexor hallucis longus

Muscles of the lateral leg! fibularis longus! ! ! fibularis brevis! fibularis tertius

Nerves! tibial n.! ! ! ! ! sural n.! common fibular n. ! ! ! common digital n.! superficial fibular n.! ! ! proper digital n.

Blood vessels! popliteal a. ! ! ! ! posterior tibial a.! fibular a.! ! ! ! small saphenous v.


! common digital a.! ! ! proper digital a.! medial plantar a.! ! ! lateral plantar a.

Note: Tank pages 175-177 will give you guidance for the plantar surface of the foot

End of the material for the first lab practical____________________________________________________________


Anterior bodyWe will begin our dissection in the pectoral and abdominal regions. From there, we will extend our dissections out to the upper and lower extremities.

Lab 5 : Pectoral and proximal arm, abdominal and pelvic areas

Anterior trunkTank - pages 24b-25a pectoral region! ! 25d-28a anterior shoulder! ! 28b-30d axilla! !BonesSternum! manubrium! ! ! ! ! jugular notch! body! ! ! ! ! ! sternal angle! xiphoid process (on articulated skeleton)! sternoclavicular joint! acromioclavicular joint

The jugular notch is used as a landmark to locate the great vessels of the heart including the aorta, superior vena and pulmonary trunk. The sternal angle is the joint between the manubrium and the body of the sternum and is the common site of fractures if the sternum receives a forceful blow.

Ribs (study on the articulated skeleton)! true (7 pairs)! ! ! ! ! costal cartilage! !! false (5 pairs of which 2 pairs are floating)! head of the rib! tubercle of the rib

The true ribs are defined by their costal cartilage attaching directly to the sternum. The costal cartilages of the first three pairs of false ribs attach to the costal cartilage of the rib directly superior to each of these ribs. The floating ribs have no costal cartilage.

Muscles of the neck! sternocleidomastoid! anterior scalene! middle scalene

Muscles of the pectoral region! pectoralis major! ! ! serratus anterior! •pectoralis minor! ! ! subscapularis (on limb model)! •deltoideus! ! ! ! external intercostal! internal intercostal

Nerves! medial pectoral n.! ! ! medial cord!


! lateral pectoral n.! ! ! lateral cord! long thoracic n.! ! ! posterior cord

Blood vessels! right common carotid a.! ! left common carotid a.! subclavian a.! and v.! ! ! internal jugular v.! thoracoacromial a.! ! ! external jugular v.! axillary a. and v.! ! ! brachial a. and v.

Upper limbTank, pages 32-34a anterior arm, cubital fossa

Anterior armBones

Scapula! glenoid fossa! ! ! ! acromion process! coracoid process! ! ! subscapular fossa

Humerus! head! ! ! ! ! deltoid tuberosity ! ! ! !! greater tubercle! ! ! intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)! lesser tubercle!! ! ! !! ! ! ! !Muscles of the anterior arm! •biceps brachii!! ! ! ! •brachioradialis! •brachialis! ! ! ! !

Nerves! medial pectoral n.! ! ! ! medial cord!! lateral pectoral n.! ! ! ! lateral cord! long thoracic n.! ! ! ! posterior cord! radial n.!! ! ! ! ! musculocutaneous n.! ulnar n.! ! ! !

Blood vessels! right common carotid a.! ! ! left common carotid a.! subclavian a.! and v.! ! ! ! internal jugular v.! thoracoacromial a.! ! ! ! external jugular v.! axillary a. and v.! ! ! ! brachial a. and v.! cephalic v.! ! ! ! ! basilic v.

Abdominal dissection Tank - pages 79b-84 abdominal dissection

Muscles of the abdomen


! rectus abdominis! ! ! ! internal oblique! external oblique! ! ! ! transversus abdominis! linea alba! ! ! ! ! tendinous inscriptions

Blood vessels! inferior epigastric a.

Lower limbTank, pages 149d-156a femoral triangle, anterior thigh

Pelvic and proximal thigh areasBonesPelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis)acetabulum - formed from ilium, ischium and pubis

Palpate the iliac crest (where you rest your hands when you put them on your hips), the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis on you.

Ilium! iliac crest! ! ! ! ! iliac fossa! ! ! !! anterior superior iliac spine! ! ! anterior inferior iliac spine! !

Ischium! obturator foramen

Pubis! pubic symphysis! ! ! ! pubic tubercle

Femur! head! ! ! ! ! ! linea aspera! neck! ! ! !

Muscles that move the thigh! psoas major! ! ! ! ! •adductor longus! •iliacus! ! ! ! ! ! adductor brevis! tensor fasciae latae! ! ! ! adductor magnus! •sartorius! ! ! ! ! •gracilis! ! ! ! !Nerves! femoral nerve! ! ! ! !! obturator nerve

Blood vessels! femoral a. and v.! ! ! ! deep femoral a.! great saphenous v.


Lab 6: distal arm, forearm, hand and thigh

Upper limbAnterior forearm and handTank, pages !36d-40b anterior forearm! ! 40d-45d palmar hand

BonesHumerus! trochlea!! ! ! ! ! coronoid fossa! radial fossa ! ! ! ! ! capitulum! medial epicondyle! ! ! ! lateral epicondyle

Radius! head! ! ! ! ! ! radial tuberosity! styloid process

Ulna! trochlear notch!! ! ! ! coronoid process! styloid process

Carpals! first row from thumb side - scaphoid, navicular (lunate), triquetrum, pisiform! second row - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate! scaphoid (most frequently fractured)! trapezium (note relationship to thumb)

Metacarpals (I, II, III, IV, V)

Phalanges (singular - phalanx) (lesser fingers 2-5 have proximal, middle, distal phalanges, the thumb (finger 1) has just proximal and distal phalanges)

Muscles of the anterior forearm! flexor carpi radialis! ! ! ! flexor digitorum profundus! ! !! flexor carpi ulnaris! ! ! ! flexor pollicis longus!! !! palmaris longus! ! ! ! pronator teres!! flexor digitorum superficialis! ! ! ! !! ! !Muscles of the palmar hand! opponens pollicis! adductor pollicis

Nerves! radial n.!! ! ! ! ! musculocutaneous n.! ulnar n.! ! !


Blood vessels! radial a. and v. ! ! ! ! ulnar a. and v.! superficial palmar arch! ! ! common (palmar) digital a.! proper (palmar) digital a.! ! ! cephalic v.! basilic v.! ! ! ! ! median cubital v.!

Lab 7: Continue anterior forearm/hand and proceed to leg and foot

Distal thigh, leg and footTank - pages 156c-157c anterior thigh! ! 158a-159a medial thigh! ! 173-174d anterior leg, foot

BonesFemur! medial condyle!! ! ! lateral condyle

Palpate the greater trochanter on you.

Tibia! tibial tuberosity!! ! ! medial malleolus! anterior crest

Fibula! head! ! ! ! ! lateral malleolus

Tarsals! calcaneus! ! ! ! talus! (cuboid, cuneiforms, navicular)

Hold the tibia and fibula together distally and note how the talus of the foot articulates with these two leg bones. Note how dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are the only actions allowed by this joint.

Metatarsals (I, II, III, IV, V)

Phalanges (singular - phalanx) (lesser toes 2-5 have proximal, middle, distalphalanges, the great toe (toe 1) has just proximal and distal phalanges)

Knee joint! medial (tibial) collateral ligament! ! lateral (fibular) collateral ligament! anterior cruciate ligament! ! ! posterior cruciate ligament! medial meniscus! ! ! ! lateral meniscus

Muscles that move the leg! quadriceps femoris, composed of (below):!! ! !


! ! •(rectus femoris)! ! ! ! ! !! ! •(vastus lateralis)! ! ! ! ! !! ! •(vastus medialis)! ! (vastus intermedius)!Muscles that move the foot and toes! •tibialis anterior! ! ! ! extensor hallucis longus! extensor digitorum longus

! •fibularis (peroneus) longus! ! ! •fibularis (peroneus) brevis!! fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Nerves! common fibular nerve! superficial fibular n.! deep fibular n.

Blood vessels! femoral a. and v.! ! deep femoral a.! great saphenous v.! ! anterior tibial a.! fibular a.! ! dorsalis pedis a.

End of the material for the second lab practical

__________________________________________________________________


Body cavity dissection - abdomen, pelvis and thorax

HistologyMarieb, Mallatt and Wilhelm, pages 68, 69, 71, 91

simple cuboidal epithelium!! ! simple columnar epitheliumtransitional epithelium! ! ! pseudostratified ciliated columnar epitheliumsmooth muscle! ! ! ! cardiac muscle

Lab 8: Abdominal cavity dissection

Tank - pp. 88b-90b peritoneum and peritoneal cavity

! visceral and parietal peritoneum! ascending colon! liver! hepatic flexure! gall bladder! transverse colon! spleen! splenic flexure! greater omentum! descending colon! duodenum! sigmoid colon! jejunum! rectum! ileum! lesser omentum! large intestine ! falciform ligament! ! ligamentum teres! cecum! vermiform appendix

StomachTank p. 91d-92b

! esophagus! stomach (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus)! pyloric sphincter! liver (right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe)

Celiac trunkTank p. 92b-93b

! hepatic artery proper! left gastric artery! hepatic portal vein! splenic artery

SpleenTank p.94d

Small intestineTank p. 99b


! duodenum! ! mesentery! jejunum! ! superior mesenteric artery! ileum! !

Large intestineTank p. 100d-101b

! haustrum (haustra)! taenia coli! epiploic appendages

LiverTank p. 95b-96c

! lobes (left, right, quadrate and caudate)! gall bladder! left and right hepatic ducts! ! cystic duct! common hepatic duct! ! common bile duct

PancreasTank p. 102b-103b

! pancreatic duct! ! hepatopancreatic ampulla! accessory pancreatic duct! ! duodenal papilla

KidneysTank 106d-107c

! cortex! ! renal artery and vein! medulla! ! ureter! renal pelvis

Urinary bladderp. 127

trigone (ureters, urethral orifice)detrusor muscle

Posterior abdominal wallTank pp. 109-110a muscles! ! 129c-130b blood vessels! ! 130c-d nervesMuscles! psoas major!! iliacus!!Nerves


! lumbar plexus! lumbosacral trunk! sacral plexus! femoral nerve! sciatic nerve! obturator nerve

Blood vessels! common iliac artery! external iliac artery! femoral artery! internal iliac artery! ! ! posterior division - superior gluteal artery! ! ! anterior division - inferior gluteal artery!Lab 9: Thoracic wall and cavity dissection

Pleural cavities and lungsTank pp. ! 59b-60a pleural cavity! !! 60d-61c lungs

! thoracic inlet! diaphragm! pleural cavities! visceral pleura! parietal pleura! pulmonary ligament! right lung (superior, middle and inferior lobes)! transverse and oblique fissures! left lung (superior and inferior lobes)! oblique fissures

MediastinumTank p.64

! anterior mediastinum! superior vena cava! middle mediastinum! aorta! fibrous pericardium! left vagus nerve! phrenic nerves! ligamentum arteriosus! serous pericardium!! ! visceral (epicardium) and serous layers! ! pericardial space (cavity)

Middle mediastinumdissection instructions (we will not remove the heart)Tank p. 65-66a

External features of the heartTank, pages 67b-68c


! superior vena cava! ! ! ! inferior vena cava! aorta!! ! ! ! ! ! pulmonary trunk! left and right coronary arteries! ! coronary sinus! anterior interventricular branch! ! circumflex branch

Internal features of the heartTank p. 69c-72c

! right atrium! ! ! ! superior vena cava! left atrium! ! ! ! inferior vena cava! right ventricle! ! ! ! coronary sinus! left ventricle! ! ! ! pulmonary trunk! interventricular septum! ! pulmonary arteries! right atrioventricular valve! ! pulmonary veins! left atrioventricular valve! ! aorta! pulmonary semilunar valve! ! chordae tendinae!! aortic semilunar valve!! ! papillary muscle

Superior mediastinumTank pp. 73c-74c

! brachiocephalic artery! left and right common carotid arteries! left and right subclavian arteries

superior vena cava! left and right brachiocephalic veins! internal jugular vein! external jugular vein! left and right subclavian veins

! thymus

Lab 10: Female and Male reproductive systems and wrap-up of dissections

External genitaliaTank, pages 134b-c

! labia majora! ! ! ! ! labia minora! clitoris! ! ! ! ! ! vestibule! orifice of the vagina

Female pelvic cavity


Tank pp. 137b-138c, 140a-b

! vesicouterine pouch! uterus (fundus, body)! rectouterine pouch! perimetrium! broad ligament! uterine tube! round ligament! infundibulum! ovarian ligament! fimbriae! suspensory ligament (ovarian artery and vein)!! ovary

Male external genitaliaTank pp. 118a-c, 121c-123a

! scrotum! scrotal ligament (gubernaculum testis)! testis! epididymis! spermatic cord (ductus deferens, testicular artery, testicular vein (pampiniform ! plexus))! penis (corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosum, spongy uterthra)! seminal vesicle! prostate gland

SKULLorbit (area composed in part of frontal, lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic, spheniodal,

palatine and ethmoid bones)

Frontal bone! frontal sinus

Parietal bone

Occipital bone! foramen magnum! ! ! ! hypoglossal canal! occipital condyles

Temporal bone! zygomatic process! ! ! ! mastoid process! carotid foramen (canal)! ! ! external auditory (acoustic) canal

(meatus)! jugular foramen! ! ! ! internal auditory (acoustic) canal

(meatus)! mandibular fossa! ! ! ! styloid process

Sphenoid bone! sella turcica! ! ! ! ! foramen rotundum


! optic foramen! ! ! ! ! foramen ovale! pterygoid processes! ! ! ! superior orbital fissure! inferior orbital fissure (between sphenoid and maxilla)!Ethmoid bone! cribriform plate!! ! ! ! crista galli! olfactory foramina

Maxillary bone! ! ! ! ! Vomer bone

Nasal bone! ! ! ! ! ! Hyoid bone (see on articulated ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! skeleton)

Lacrimal bone! ! ! ! ! Zygomatic bone

Palatine bone

Mandible! mandibular condyles! ! ! ! coronoid process

sutures! coronal! ! ! ! ! ! lambdoidal! sagittal! ! ! ! ! ! squamosal

Forebrain! cerebral cortex!! ! ! ! lateral fissure (sulcus)! gyrus (pl. - gyri)! ! ! ! central sulcus! sulcus (pl. - sulci)! ! ! ! frontal lobe! left and right hemispheres! ! ! parietal lobe! postcentral gyrus! ! ! ! occipital lobe! precentral gyrus! ! ! ! temporal lobe! longitudinal fissure! ! ! ! corpus callosum! transverse fissure! ! ! ! gray and white matter

Note that the central sulcus separate the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobes and the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobes. The lateral fissure separates the temporal and frontal lobes.

Diencephalon! thalamus! ! ! ! ! hypothalamus! intermediate mass! ! ! ! pituitary gland

The intermediate mass is where the two (left and right) thalami connect and communicate with each other. Because the hypothalamus consists of many nuclei (collections of neuron bodies), it is described as a region as opposed to a structure.


Brainstem! pons! ! ! ! ! ! corpora quadrigemina, composed

of: medulla! ! ! ! ! ! superior colliculi (singular - colliculus)!

! pyramids! ! ! ! ! inferior colliculi (singular - colliculus) ! !

! The pyramids of the medulla are where the lateral spinothalamic tracts (motor) decussate (cross over) as they pass from the brain down into the spinal cord.

Cerebellum! arbor vitae (white matter)

Limbic system! septum pellucidum! ! ! ! mamillary body ! ! !! fornix

The septum pellucidum, as its name implies, separates the two lateral ventricles.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulation! 2 Lateral ventricles! ! ! ! cerebral aqueduct! Third ventricle! ! ! ! ! choroid plexus! Fourth ventricle

Note the relationships of the cerebral aqueduct with the corpora quadrigemina and the fourth ventricle with cerebellum.

Meninges! dura mater! ! ! ! ! arachnoid layer! falx cerebri!! ! ! ! subarachnoid space! tentorium cerebelli! ! ! pia mater

The falx cerebri lies in the longitudinal fissure and the tentorium cerebelli lies in the transverse fissure. These structures contain sinuses that direct venous blood and recovered cerebrospinal fluid into the internal jugular vein.

Cranial nerves! I.!! olfactory! ! ! ! VII.! facial! II.! optic! ! ! ! ! VIII.! vestibulocochlear! III.! oculomotor! ! ! ! IX.! glossopharyngeal! IV.! trochlear! ! ! ! X.! vagus! V.! trigeminal! ! ! ! XI.! accessory! VI.! abducens! ! ! ! XII.! hypoglossal

Lab 11 Wrap-up of dissections

end of the material for the third lab practical


Documents

LAB INSTRUCTOR: COURSE DESCRIPTION · Myology!Page 3!Bio 128 Advanced Anatomy Lab. Deﬁnitions: Origin: this is the muscle attachment that is usually closer to the midline of the