LAB (3)

ANEMIA

Anemia

Macrocytic anemia (MCV>100)

Normocytic anemia (MCV 80–100)

Microcytic anemia (MCV<80)

There are close to 100 different varieties of anemia, distinguished by the cause and by the size and hemoglobin content.

1-Normocytic anemia

Example:

Aplastic anemia is a blood disorder in which the body's bone marrow doesn't make enough new blood cells

Normocytic anaemia

In this case, the RBC size remains normal, whereas the overall volume of the haemoglobin is found below the healthy minimum of11

2-Microcytic anemia

Example:

Iron-deficiency anemia is a common, easily treated condition that occurs if you don't have enough iron in your body. Low iron levels usually are due to blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from food.

The most common cause for a hypochromic microcyticanemia is iron deficiency. Persons most at risk are children and women in reproductive years (from menstrual blood loss and from pregnancy).

3-Macrocytic anemia

Example

Megaloblastic anemia is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production.

The defect in red cell DNA synthesis is most often due to hypovitaminosis, specifically a deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid.

This picture shows large, dense, oversized, red blood cells (RBCs) that are seen in megaloblastic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia can occur when there is a deficiency of vitamin B-12

Purpuraand

Petechiae

The photograph shows purpura (bruises) and petechiae (dots) in the skin. Bleeding under the skin causes the purple, brown, and red colors of the purpura and petechiae

Thrombotic refers to the blood clots that form. Thrombocytopenic means the blood has a lower than normal number of platelets. Purpura refers to purple bruises caused by bleeding under the skin.

If you have TTP, you also may have bleeding that results in tiny red or purple dots on the skin. These pinpoint-sized dots are called petechiae . Petechiaemay look like a rash.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

TTP is blood condition that causes blood clots to form in small blood vessels throughout the body.

The blood clots can cause serious problems if they block the blood vessels and limit blood flow to the brain, kidneys, or heart.

Blood clots form when blood cell fragments called platelets clump together. Platelets are made in your bone marrow along with other

kinds of blood cells. They stick together to seal small cuts or breaks on blood vessel walls and stop bleeding.

In TTP, when blood clots form, the result is fewer platelets in the blood.

This can cause bleeding into the skin, prolonged bleeding from cuts, and internal bleeding. It also can cause small blood clots to form suddenly throughout the body, including in the brain and kidneys.

30 years old female come to outpatient clinic suffering from easy fatigability & breathlessness on exertion.

by clinical examination she was normal except for some pallor .

on doing CBC the fallowing parameters were found .

RBC count 4x106 /µL3

HCT 30%HB% 9mg /dlMCV 70 flMCH 28 pg

MCHC 25 %

Case study 1

1-What is the most probable diagnoses from the clinical picture?

microcytic hypochromic Anemia

questions

2-What type of anemia ? Iron deficiency anemia

questions

3-Give causes for iron deficiency anemia ? 1.lack of iron in the diet (poor diet) as

vegetarians Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, and green vegetables.2. chronic blood loss ; heavy periods , peptic

ulcer, Gastrointestinal bleeding colorectal cancer ,parasitic infection (hook worm ) ..

3. An inability to absorb iron; intestinal disorder such as celiac disease and gastroctomy.

*tannate,phtate –present in tea -compete with iron in absorption

4.Increase the demand ; pregnancy .

questions

2.65-year-old female reports about 2 months of tiredness, difficulty concentrating, fatigue and gastrointestinal discomfort with some decrease in appetite and numbness and tingling sensation in her hands and feet.

Case study 2

Clinical examination by clinical examination she was normal

except for some pallor and smooth, thick, red tongue

lab finding RBC count 4x106 /µL3

HCT 34 % HB% 8.5mg /dl MCV 105 fl MCH 25 pg MCHC 23 %

Case study 2

1. What is the most probable diagnoses from the clinical picture?

a. Iron deficiency anemia b. Sickle cell anemia c. Pernicious anemia  

Questions

2. The high MCV indicatefor;a.Microcytic RBCb.Macrocytic RBCc.Normocytic RBC 

Questions

3.Pernicious cousd by : a. Iron deficiencyb.vit b12 deficiencyc.folic acid deficiency

questions

Thank you