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Lab Activity 11: Group I
Muscles
Martini Chapter 11
Portland Community CollegeBI 231
2
Origin and Insertion
• Origin: The place where the fixed end
attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective
tissue.
• Insertion: The site where the movable end
attaches to another structure.
3
Frontalis
• Origin: Epicranial
aponeurosis
• Insertion: Skin
over forehead
• Action: Elevates
eyebrows and
wrinkles skin of
forehead
Epicranial
Aponeurosis
4
Occipitalis
• Origin: Occipital
and temporal bones
• Insertion: Epicranial
aponeurosis
• Action: Fixes
epicranial
aponeurosis and
pulls scalp
posteriorly
5
Orbicularis Oculi
• Origin: Medial orbital
margin and zygomatic
bone
• Insertion: Skin
surrounding eye
• Action: Closes eyelids
and depresses skin of
forehead
6
Temporalis
• Origin: Temporal
fossa
• Insertion:
Coronoid process
of mandible
• Action: Elevates
and retracts
mandible
7
Masseter
• Origin:
Zygomatic
process and arch
• Insertion: Angle
and ramus of
mandible
• Action: Elevates
mandible
8
Orbicularis Oris
• Origin: By muscular
skips to surround
muscles
• Insertion: Muscles
interlace to surround
mouth
• Action: Closes and
purses lips
9
• Origin: Zygomatic
arch
• Insertion: Corner of
mouth
• Action: Elevates
corner of mouth
Zygomaticus Major
10
• Origin: Fascia of
masseter
• Insertion: Corner of
mouth
• Action: Draws corner
of mouth laterally
Risorius
11
• Origin: Medial tip of
suprascapular notch
• Insertion: Body of
hyoid bone
• Action: Depresses
hyoid bone
Omohyoid
12
• Origin: Posterior
surface of
manubrium, and
medial clavicle
• Insertion: Hyoid
bone
• Action: Depresses
hyoid bone
Sternohyoid
13
• Origin: Mylohyoid
line of mandible
• Insertion: Hyoid bone
• Action: Elevates
hyoid bone and floor
of mouth, depresses
mandible
Mylohyoid
14
• Origin: Lower border
of mandible near
midline
• Insertion:
Intermediate tendon
• Action: Elevates
hyoid bone and base
of tongue, depresses
mandible
Digastric
Anterior Belly
15
• Origin: Mastoid
notch of temporal
bone
• Insertion:
Intermediate tendon
• Action: Moves hyoid
bone back
Digastric
Posterior Belly
16
• Origin: Manubrium and medial third of clavicle
• Insertion: Mastoid process
• Action: Rotates head to opposite side, extends head, and flexes vertebral column
Sternocleidomastoid
17
Trapezius
• Origin: External occipital
protuberance, superior
nuchal line and spinous
process of C7-T12
• Insertion: Anterior border
of scapular spine, acromion
process, lateral third of
clavicle
• Action: Elevates, adducts,
and depresses scapula
18
Latissimus Dorsi
• Origin: Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, crest of ilium
• Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
• Action: Extends, rotates humerus medially, draws shoulder down and backward
19
• Origin: Transverse
processes of C1-4
• Insertion: Superior angle
spine of scapula
• Action: Elevates scapula
Levator Scapula
20
• Origin: Spinous process of T
1-5and
supraspinous ligament
• Insertion: Medial border below spine of scapula
• Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation
Rhomboid Major
21
• Origin: Spinous
process of C7-T
1
• Insertion: Medial
border of scapula at
base of spine
• Action: Adducts
scapula and performs
downward rotation
Rhomboid Minor
22
• Origin: Lateral surface
of upper 8 ribs
• Insertion: Anterior lip
of medial border of
scapula
• Action: Holds scapula
to chest wall, medially
rotates scapula in
abducting or extending
humerus
Serratus Anterior
23
• Origin: Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae and T11,12
• Insertion: Angles of the ribs. Spinous & Transverse processes of vertebrae
• Action: Extension of vertebral column
Erector Spinae
24
• Origin: Iliolumbar ligament and crest of ilium
• Insertion: Lower border of 12th rib, transverse process of upper lumbar vertebrae
• Action: Depresses rib cage inferiorly and laterally flexes trunk
Quadratus
Lumborum
25
• Origin: Transverse
processes of C3-C
6
• Insertion: 1st rib
• Action: Elevates 1st
rib, flexes neck
forward and laterally,
rotates neck
Scalenes
Anterior
26
• Origin: Transverse
processes of C2-C
7
• Insertion: 1st rib
• Action: Elevates 1st
rib, flexes neck
forward and laterally,
rotates neck
Scalenes
Middle
27
• Origin: Transverse
processes of C4-C
6
• Insertion: 2nd rib
• Action: Elevates 2nd
rib, flexes neck
laterally, slightly
rotates neck
Scalenes
Posterior
28
• Origin: Inferior
border of rib above
• Insertion: Superior
border of rib below
• Action: Elevates rib
cage during
inspiration
External Intercostal
29
• Origin: Superior
border of rib below
• Insertion: Inferior
border of rib above
• Action: Depresses rib
cage during expiration
Internal Intercostal
30
Pectoralis Major
• Origin: Medial half of
clavicle, sternum, costal
cartilages, aponeurosis of
external abdominal oblique
• Insertion: Intertubular groove
of humerus
• Action: Flexes, adducts, and
medially rotates humerus,
draws body upward in
climbing
31
• Origin: Anterior
surface of ribs 3 to 5
• Insertion: Coracoid
process of scapula
• Action: Draws
scapula down and
forward and elevates
ribs
Pectoralis Minor
32
• Origin: Pubis symphysis and crest of pubis
• Insertion: Xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5 to 7
• Action: Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column
Rectus Abdominus
33
• Origin: External
surface of lower 8 ribs
• Insertion: Anterior
half of iliac crest and
linea alba
• Action: Compresses
abdomen,
contralaterally rotates
and flexes vertebral
column
External Abdominal Oblique
34
• Origin: Lateral half of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
• Insertion: Lower four ribs, linea alba and by conjoined tendon to pubis
• Action: Compresses abdomen, ipsilaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column
Internal Abdominal Oblique
35
• Origin: Lateral third of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
• Insertion: Linea alba, and by conjoined tendon to pubis
• Action: Compresses abdomen
Transverse Abdominis
36
The End
