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Hydrocarbons
(homologous series)
Hydrocarbons
Aliphatics
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
CyclicAliphatics
Aromatics(Arenes)
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Typical Crude Oil Fractions
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Alk enes
General formula & Nomenclature
C nH 2n
Starting element in the family eth ene ethyl ene
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Ethylene
Physical & Chemical Properties
Ethylene, is one of the most valuable products
obtained from petroleum refining. Ethylene is thestarting
material for polyethylene which is found in avariety of commercial
products including milk bottlesand plastic bags. Ethylene is also a
natural productwhich is released when fruits ripen.
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Other Alkenes
Propene or propylene
Polypropylene is an important commercial product made
frompropene and is found in carpets, ropes, yarns, and fishing
gear
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IsomersStructural & geometric
Three structural isomers for butene
Geometric isomers
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Exercises: Naming Compounds
CH 3CH 2
CH 2CH
CH
CH 2
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH
CH
CH 2
CH 3
CH 3
CH 2
CH
C
CH 2CH
CH
CH 2
CH 2CH
CH 2CH
2
CH 3
4,10 tridecadiene3,9 tridecadiene
4, ethyl, 7, pentene, 10, butyne
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Internet resources
learn & have fun
http://www.acdlabs.com/
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Covalent Bonds: Single, Double,
TripleCH 3 CH 3
CH 2 CH 2
CH CH
eth ane
eth ene (ethylene)
eth yne (acetylene)
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/bonds310.wmvhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/bonds310.wmvhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/bonds310.wmvhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/bonds310.wmv
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Two or more double (triple) bonds &
Functional GroupsCH 2
CCH 2
CH 2CH
C
C
CH 3
CH
CC
CH
1,2 propadiene
1,ethene,3-butyne
2,3, butadietyne
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Exercises: Naming Compounds
CH 2C
CH
CH 2
CH 3
2,2 pentadiene
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Alkynes
Ethyne (Acetylene) isthe simplest alkyneGeneral formula
C n H 2n-2Triple bond feature,highly reactive
http://www.uis.edu/~trammell/organic/mainframe.htm
http://www.uis.edu/~trammell/organic/alkynes/cac2-comb.avi
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Cycloaliphatics
Other names &nomenclature
CH 2
CH2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
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Cycloaliphatics
Other names & nomenclature
CH 3
CH 3CH 3
CH 3
CH 3CH 3
C
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH
CH 3CH 3
CH 3
CH 3CH 3
CH 3
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH
CH 2
CH 2
CH 3
CH 4
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More Torture on Nomenclature
Two double bonds and alkyl groups
CH 3
CH 2
CH
CH 2
CH
C
CH
CH 3
CH 2CH 3
CH 3
CH
CH
CH
CH 2
CH
CH
CH 2
CH 3
CH 3
2-methyl-3,6-nonadiene
6-ethyl-2,3-octadiene
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More Torture on Nomenclature
Alkynes with alkyl groupsCH 3
C
C
CH
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH 2
CH 3CH 3
CH 3CH 2
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH
CC
CH 3
CH 3
CH 3CH 2
C
C
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH
CH 3
CH 3CH
C
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH 2
CH 2CH 3
CH 2
CH3
4-methyl-2-undecyne
4-methyl-2-undecyne 8-methyl-3-nonyne
6-ethyl-1-dodecyne
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More Torture on Nomenclature
Cycloaliphatics with substituted groups
CH 2
CHCH 2
CH 3
CH
CH
CH 2
CH 2
CH 3
CH 3
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH
CH 2
CH 2
CH
CH 3
CH 2
CH 3
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH 2
CH
CH 2
CH 2
CH 3
1,3-dimethylcyclobutane
methylcyclopropane
1-ethyl-3-methyl-cyclohexane
cyclopentane methylcycloheptane
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More Torture on Nomenclature
Two double bonds and alkyl groups
CH3
CH 2
CH
CH 2
CH
C
CH
CH 3
CH 2CH 3
CH3
CH
CH
CH
CH 2
CH
CH
CH 2
CH 3
CH3
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Esteroids
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Homework Due Friday
Always check syllabus
Always check learning objectives
file
Problems from text book McCain
