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Holiday or vacation?Grammar

question tags

present perfect simple: just/already/ yet

Vocabulary

British English vs.American English

Functions

checking informationtalk ing about recentlycompleted activities

1Listena What can you see in the photos?

E

UNIT

04

square = the result ofmultiplying a number byitself

ten times = somethingmultiplied by ten

inland = areas that are along way from the coast

objectiv

es

b Work with a partner. Look at the sentences about NorthAmerica and decide if each one is correct or incorrect.

If it is correct, writeA. If it is incorrect, write B. 1 Canada is much bigger than the USA.

2 Canada is far more densely populated than the USA.

3 Vancouver is the biggest city in Canada.

4 The population of Toronto is only 2,500,000.

5 New York is the biggest city in the USA.

6 Vancouver is in the west of Canada.

7 People speak French in the west of Canada.

8 Lots of Spanish people live in Vancouver.

9 Baseball is very popular in Vancouver.

10 It takes thirteen hours to drive from Vancouver toSan Francisco.

c 01:19 Now listen and check your answers.36

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37

Extra Practice Workbook

2Grammar question tagsa Match the two parts of each sentence. Then listen to Morgan

and Janies conversation again to check your answers.

1 Youre Canadian, a isnt it?2 Its smaller than the USA, b arent they?

3 It isnt Vancouver, c havent you?

4 Cities in the USA are much bigger than that, d arent you?

5 Youve been there, e do you?

6 You dont know much about Canada at all, f is it?

b The questions in Exercise 2a have tags at the end. Tagsare short questions which we use to check facts or makeconversation. Complete the rule.

With positive statements, we usually use aquestion tag. Youre Canadian, arent you?

With negative statements, we usually use a

question tag. It isnt Vancouver, is it?

With be, modal verbs (can, must, should, will, might),

have got and the present perfect, we repeat the auxiliary

verb in the tag. Youve been there, havent you?

With all other verbs, we use (dont) / does

(doesnt) / (present simple) or (didnt) (past

simple).

People speak French in Canada too, dont they?

You didnt see Sam last night, did you?

rul

e

c Are the following tags correct or incorrect? If they are correct,tick the box. If they are incorrect, correct the mistakes.

0 Hes American, isnt he?

0 You dont know him, does he? do you

1 You will come to the party, will you?

2 You cant come to the party, can you?

3 They went to New York, dont they?

4 She goes to your school, dont she?

5 Youve seen that film, havent you?

6 She shouldnt do that, shouldnt she?

d Write the question tags.

0 He saw us, didnt he ?

1 They dont live here, ?

2 She likes chocolate, ?

3 You cant come on holiday with us, ?

4 They went sailing, ?

5 He goes to the same music class as you, ?

6 Youve heard this song, ?

7 She hasnt done that, ?

Its Che Guevara.

Who is your favourite

historical character?

You dont like heavy

metal, do you?

3Speaka

Work in groups of four. Askand answer each other aboutwho your favourite actor,sportsperson, historical

character and scientist is.

b Now, say three facts thatyou think are true about thisperson. Use question tags.

He was born in

Argentina, wasnt he?

He was a revolutionary,

wasnt he? He died in

Bolivia, didnt he?

c Work with a partner. Ask andanswer using question tags.Use the words in the box.

heavy metal basketballfourteen years old a flatRussian the USA Italysister good cook

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38

4Reada

Read the text quickly. Who thinks free Wi-Fi is a good idea? Who thinks it isnt a good idea?

Should Vancouver have

free wireless Internet?

Vancouver is thinking about providing a Wi-Fi networkfor the downtown area. The city hasnt decided yet,but the network will probably be free.

Should it be free? Or should people pay for it?Post your comment!

TONYI agree with Anne. A lot of people have already

bought Wi-Fi for their homes they dont need it inthe street! Spend the money on other things, things forteenagers! The city hasnt built enough schools or parks yet.

b Read the text again. Lookat the sentences below anddecide if each one is corrector incorrect. If it is correct,writeA. If it is incorrect,write B. E

1 The city doesnt knowyet if the Wi-Fi willbe free.

2 Vancouver is the firstcity to think about freeWi-Fi.

3 In many cities, peoplepay $10 a monthfor Wi-Fi.

4 Anne thinks she willwant to write emailsin her garden inthe future.

5 Anne thinks there is a

very good bus systemin Vancouver.

6 Tony thinks Vancouverneeds more parks.

5VocabularyAmerican and British English

a Match the British English words with the American Englishwords in the box. Try to pronounce them.

candy pants truck soccer subway garbageelevator cookies sidewalk apartment

British English American English

1 trousers

2 lift

3 flat

4 biscuits

5 sweets

6 football

7 underground

8 lorry

9 rubbish

10 pavement

b 01:20 Now listen to Morgan and Janie and check youranswers. Repeat the pronunciation. Imitate the speakers.

Vancouver:Your Opinion!

KENIts a good idea but Im sure it wont be free. Other

cities have tried and it hasnt stayed free. Most of them chargeabout $10 a month. But people are happy to pay because thenthey can use Wi-Fi in their gardens or in elevators. Ive alreadysaid this, but Ill say it again: Wi-Fis a good idea, but Ive neverheard of a city where its stayed free for very long.

ANNEIve just read Kens post. Incredible! I dont want to write

emails from an elevator or my garden! I think this is going toofar. There are other things the city government should spend themoney on for example, more sidewalks or a better bus system.

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39

Into grammar

1Present perfect simple:alreadyand yet

a Look at the examples. Underline otherexamples of the present perfect simplein the text on page 38. Then completethe rule.

A lot of people have already bought Wi-Fifor their homes ...The city hasnt decided yet ...

We form the present perfect simple

with the verb and the

of the main verb.

We use already in positive sentences.

We use yet in questions and negatives.

We put already between have and the

.

We use at the end of

the sentence or question.

rule

b Write the statements and questions. Usethe present perfect andyetor already.

1 A: Have you seen the new James Bond

fi lm yet?

(you / see / the new James Bond film?) B: Yes, and .

(I / buy / the DVD too)

2 A:

(your brother / go / to university?)

B: Yes, and .

(I / move / into his old bedroom)

3 A: I love their music but .

(I / not buy / their new CD)

B: Well, dont buy it!

and its awful. (I / listen to it)

4 A: Paul, .

(you / do / your homework?)

B: Nearly. .

(I / finish / the Maths, but I / not start /the Geography)

Learner tip!

My brother hasgone to university.(Not: My brother is gone to university.)

c Federico is going on holiday tomorrow. This isthe list of the things he has already done () andthe things he hasnt done yet (). Write complete

sentences with alreadyandyet.He has alreadybought a book to read on the plane.He hasnt packed his suitcase yet.

buy book to read on plane

recharge mobile phone

choose clothes

water plants

pack suitcase

tidy bedroom

unplug TV

find passport

2Present perfect with just

a Look at the example. Then complete the rule.

Ive just readKens post.

We can use with the

present perfect to say that an action

happened a very short time ago.

We put just between

and the .

rule

b Use the words to make two sentences about each

picture. Use the present perfect withjustandyet.

0 receive a text message / read

Shes just received a text message, but she hasnt read it yet.

1 turn the computer on / start work

2 buy new bike / ride

3 eat dinner / do the washing-up

4 make a fruit smoothie / drink

5 get a takeaway / eat

0 1 2

3 4 5

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New girl

1Read and listena

01:21 Look at the photo story. There is a new student at school. Where is she from? What isunusual about her? What do Joel and Pete think about her? Read and listen to find the answers.

Pete: Whos that? A new student?

Debbie: Yeah, Natsumi. Her family have justmoved here from Tokyo. Her mums got a jobwith a company in London.

Pete: Cool. She looks nice.

Joel: Youre not supposed to say that, Pete.The girls might get jealous. Oh, theres theteacher. End of fun!

During the lesson

Joel: Look at that!

Pete: Is she asleep right in the middle ofthe lesson?

Joel: Shh! Dont wake her up. Maybe shesdreaming about her boyfriend! What do youreckon?

Pete: Good morning, Natsumi. Did you sleepwell?

Natsumi: I beg your pardon?

Joel: Sleeping in class. Thats the kind of thingthat makes teachers really angry.

Natsumi: Sorry, I have to...

Jess: And thats the kind of thing thats goingto make Natsumi angry with you.

Joel: Hang on, Jess. She fell asleep during thelesson, not us.

Later in the school library

Debbie: Hey, have a look at this, you lot. Listento this. Japanese parents often tell theirchildren that if they sleep for more thanfive hours a night, they arent working hardenough.

Pete: Five hours! Thats not a lot when youthink about it. No wonder she fell asleepin class!

40

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b Answer the questions.

1 What makes Debbie go on the Internet?

2 How does Petes opinion about Natsumisleeping in class change, and why?

2 Everyday Englisha Find expressions 15 in the photostory.

Who says them? How do you say them inItalian?

1 Youre not supposed to

2 in the middle of

3 What do you reckon?

4 the kind of thing

5 No wonder

b Complete the dialogues with theexpressions in Exercise 2a.

1 A: Come and help make dinner.

B: I cant! Im myhomework!

2 A: The teacher had a small accident withhis car on the way to school.

B: Really? he was sounhappy in the lesson this morning.

3 A: At my dads office, they dont have towear suits and ties any more.

B: Its not a bad idea. On a hot day, a suitand tie is thatno-one wants to wear!

4 A: You know, Mike, Im thinking aboutgetting a tattoo. ?

B: Well, thats cool, I like tattoos. ButAndy get a tattoowithout your parents permission, OK?

3Role play

Work with a partner. Take two minutesto prepare a short role play. Try to usesome of the expressions from Exercise 2a.Do not write the text, just agree on yourideas for a short scene. Then act it out.

Basic idea:Its the next day. Pete explains toNatsumi why he and his friends thought itwas funny when she fell asleep in class. He isasking her questions about her school in Japan.

4DVD DVD Episode 2

a The girls in the photo are goths. Do youlike their outfits? Why/Why not?

b What do you think Debbie, Joel, Pete and Jessthink of goths?

c Imagine your best friend decided to become agoth. Would that change your relationship inany way? If not, why not? If so, how?

d Some adults react very strongly when ateenager has an unusual outfit. What do youthink of such reactions?

e Watch Episode 2 and find out what happens.

Pronunciationp126 CD1 T22

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Into exams

Canada is the second biggest

country in the world, isnt it?

1 The capital of Canada is Ottawa/ Toronto.

2 The biggest lake in the world is in Canada and theUSA/ Canada.

3 American football / Basketballis the most popularsport in the USA.

4 About 5%/ 10%of people in the USA speak Spanishas their first language.

5 The singers Avril Lavigne and K. D. Lang areCanadian/American.

2Speak E Work with a partner.

Student A:Read below. Student B:Turn to page 139.

Student A

a Look at the sentences below. In sentences 15, you can see the correct answer.

In sentences 610, circle what you think is the correct answer.6 Canada is the second biggest/ third

biggestcountry in the world.

7 There are 50/ 51states in the USA.

8 About 200 million/ 300 millionpeoplelive in the USA.

9 Alaska is part of Canada/ the USA.

10 The singers Mariah Carey and Cher areCanadian/American.

1Write Ea

Read Marcos letter to Lucy.

Answer the questions.1 Which museums and art galleries

has Marco already seen?

2 Has he travelled on the Tube yet?

3 Where did he go yesterday, andwhat did he think of it?

4 What has he bought as a presentfor Lucy?

5 Has he been on the London Eye yet?

b Imagine that you are on holiday in

North America for the first time.Write an email to an English-speakingfriend. Tell him / her what you haveand havent done. Try to use some ofthe information that you have learntabout North America in Unit 4.

b Now work with Student B. Check your answersfor sentences 610. Help Student B check theiranswers for sentences 15.

nces e o

, circle

HiLucy!

Ivejustreadyouremail.Thanksalot.Itsgoodto

knowyouremissingme!

SohereIaminaninternetcafnearPiccadillyCircus

writingtoyou.Icantbelieveit!Werehavingareally

greattime.Wevealreadyseenlotsofmuseumsand

artgalleriestheBritishMuseum,MadameTussauds,

TheTateModernandTheNationalGalleryandit

feelslikewevewalkedhundredsofmiles!Infact

wehaventusedtheTubeorthebusesatall sofar.

YesterdaywewenttoCamdenMarketonthecanal

andsawsomereallycoolshopsandstalls.Ifound

theperfectpresentforyoutherealittlejacket.Its

wicked!Imsureyoulllikeit.Wehaventbeenonthe

LondonEyeyet,butIveseenitfromtheMillennium

Bridge,thepedestrianbridgethatcrossesthe

Thames.Wemightdothattomorrow.

ImustgonowwevedecidedtoeatChinesein

Chinatowntonight.

Wishyouwereherewithus!Writeback,OK?

Love,

Marco

PS:Inearlyforgot.Ithasntrainedonce!

1 Marco begins his email with Hi Lucy!This is typical

of an email to a friend or someone you know well.

2 He finishes his email with Love, Marco. This too is

typical of an informal email to someone you know well.

3 Marco thinks of something else to say after he has

written his name. He introduces this with PS.

Useful tips

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Learner tips!Units

3and

4

We use willwhen we are sure thatsomething will happen in the future.

We can use may/mightwhen we thinkthere is a possibility that something willhappen in the future.

We can use may/might(not) insteadof expressions like maybe,perhaps,its possible+ will/wont.

a Rephrase the sentences using mayormight(not).

0 Its possible that I will be there tomorrow.I may be there tomorrow .

1 Im not sure if Jane will be at the party.Jane .

2 There is a possibility that the headmasteris in his office. The headmaster

3 Perhaps it will rain in the evening. It.

4 Maybe private cars will not be allowedinto city centres in the future. Private cars

.

5 Theres a chance that we will give upour cars and cycle everywhere. We

.

English first conditional sentences = if+ present simple + will/wont(future)

Italian first conditional sentences =se+ presente + presente /se+ futuro +futuro

b Some of the following sentences containa mistake. Put a tick () next to thecorrect sentences. Rewrite the incorrectsentences.

0 When youll come to Italy, Ill take you to

Venice.() When you come to Italy

1 When you are old, youll remember thesedays.

2 If private cars will be forbidden in thetown centre, pollution levels will drop.

3 We miss the train unless we get a taxi tothe station.

4 If we go on holiday together, well have

a great time.5 Were going to a concert tonight. If you

decide to join us, you find me at homeuntil 7 pm.

In Italian we form the past of some verbswith essereand some with avere. InEnglish, we only use havefor the present

perfect simple, not be.

c Complete the sentences with the correctpresent perfect forms of the verbs.

0 My brother has not come (not come) homeyet. I wonder where he is.

1 Were not going to the beach this afternoon.The weather (change).

2 A: Would you like something to eat?

B: No, thanks. I (alreadyhave) lunch.

3 A: Hi, this is Jack. Is Liz at home, please?

B: No, Im sorry. She(already go) out.

4 I (just finish) reading thisbook, and I (already forget)the names of the characters.

We useyetonly in negative sentencesand questions (not yet= non ancora)

We can usestillwith a similar meaning

in affirmative sentences (still= ancora)

d Read the sentences. Insertyet,stilloralreadyin the correct position.

0 Hes young. Hes still young.1 I havent met him.

2 We have had lunch.

3 Has she been to Italy?

4 I heard this joke ages ago, but I find it funny.

5 My mother hasnt read the newspaper.

Refer to Units 3 and 4 before you dothis exercise.

e Circle the correct alternative.

0 These books weigh/ weight30 kilos.

1 The weather its possible that will change/may changenext week.

2 If I go/ ll goto the match, I tell / ll tellyou.

3 My brother has / isgone to Prague.

4 Shes yet / stillvery young.

5 Have you met my sister already / yet?

6 I have already seen / seen alreadythis film.

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1Grammar if/ unless+ fi rst conditionala Complete the sentences with the correct forms

of the verbs.

0 If I clean (clean) the house, my parents willgive (give) me some extra money.

1 If Tom (invite) me, I(go) to the party.

2 If you (speak) very fast, they(not understand) you.

3 If Marco (phone) tonight,you (tell) him Im

out?

4 Your parents (not know) if you(not tell) them.

4

b Complete the second sentence so that it meansthe same as the first.

0 If you dont leave now, youll miss the train.

Unless you leave now, youll miss the train.

1 Unless we have some unexpected problems,well be there on time.

2 Bill will go to Chicago for the summer unlesshe fails his exams.

3 If it doesnt rain, well go to the beach.

4 Dont call me unless its really necessary.

5 If people dont change their ways, globalwarming will get worse.

6 You wont learn anything if you dont listen toyour teachers.

6

question tags

c Complete the questions with the correctquestion tags.

0 You wouldnt like a kitten, would you ?

1 Carlos Italian, ?

2 They havent seen that film, ?3 You will remember to call me, ?

4 Dan went to the concert, ?

Into progress

5 Your parents dont like you staying out late,?

6 You love heavy metal, ?

7 Its a lovely day, ?

8 John should see a doctor, ?

8

present perfect simple;just/ already/ yet

d Complete the sentences with the correctform of the present perfect simple.

0 John s just had( just have) his breakfast.

1 you (buy)your sister a present yet?

2 We (already finish) ourhomework.

3 Marta (see)the film yet?

4 My parents (just come)home. Ill phone you later.

5 Theyre late, they (notarrive) yet.

5

e Complete this internet profile usingjust,already,yet.

Hi there!

My names Ben Barnes, and Im 15 years old.My interests are music, computers andtravelling.

I play the lead guitar in a band called CoolCats, and after only a year weve 0 already had quite a lot of success only locally, ofcourse, but we often play at parties. We

havent made a CD 1 , but thatsnext on our agenda.

I spend a lot of time using the computer andIve 2 bought a new one that wecan use for recording. The softwares quitecomplicated, so I havent really worked outhow to use it 3 .

Ive 4 travelled quite a lot. Ive5 recently come back from a reallygreat holiday in Barcelona. Have you beenthere? Its great!

Well, thats all for now, folks! Get in touch!

Ben

5

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present perfect simplevs. past simple

f Use the prompts to write mini-dialogues.Use the present perfect simple or the pastsimple.

0 A: you / see/ that new horror film?Have you seen that new horror fi lm?

B: yes, I have.

A: when / see / it? When did you see it?

B: see / it / last week I saw it last week.

1 A: Maria / ever / be / London?

B: yes

A: when / go / there?

B: go / a study holiday / two years ago

2 A: you / meet / the new neighbours / yet?

B: no / when / they / move in?

A: they / move in / Saturday

8 2Vocabulary

the environment

a Write sentences or definitions for thesewords.

drop (v) traffic jam global warmingrecycle rubbish waste (v) pick uprainforest power station traffic fumes

0 Please dont drop litter in the street.

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

9

Units

3and

4

American and BritishEnglish

b Match the British English words withthe American English words. Then writesentences.

sweets pavement lorrytrousers flat football liftbiscuits Underground rubbish

elevator soccer subway truckapartment sidewalk pantscookies garbage candy

0 The British say sweets, but the Americanssay candy.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

9

3 Translate Translate the following sentences.

1 Non riuscir a farlo, a meno che tu nonmi aiuti.

2 Se arriviamo in ritardo potremmo perderelaereo.

3 Se non hai un passaporto valido non tifaranno partire.

4 Non andr alla festa, a meno che tu non

venga con me. 5 Ho appena ricevuto una email da Fiona.

6 Abbiamo gi prenotato i biglietti per ilconcerto di Justin Timberlake a Milano.

.

6

Grammar 30 36 20 29 0 19

Vocabulary 11 18 5 10 0 4

Translate 5 6 3 4 0 2