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1 L2 1-Historical Context: You may or may not remember that as the colonies of America fought for revolution beginning in 1776, leaders in each colony met to begin developing a government for their new country. John Adams, the first Vice President and second president of the United States was one of those delegates who debated with other state leaders about our government. Abigail was his wife. They had a very close, respectful relationship. Focused annotations: What does Abigail want from John? .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . Why is Abigail asking John to remember the ladies? .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . How has Abigail’s attitude changed from the 1 st letter? Underline proof of your statement. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . Vocabulary to help you understand the letters. Independency= To declare independence from England. Tyrants= Cruel oppressive ruler. Foment= promote the development or growth of something. Indignity=treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame Impunity=exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious= consequences of an action. Abhor= regard with disgust and hatred. MARCH 31, 1776 - ABIGAIL ADAMS TO JOHN ADAMS "I long to hear that you have declared an independency. And, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. "Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. "Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation. "That your sex are naturally tyrannical is a truth so thoroughly established as to admit of no dispute; but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up -- the harsh tide of master for the more tender and endearing one of friend. "Why, then, not put it out of the power of the vicious and the lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with impunity ? "Men of sense in all ages abhor those customs which treat us only as the (servants) of your sex; regard us then as being placed by Providence under your protection, and in imitation of the Supreme Being make use of that power only for our happiness." John Adam’s response was not too promising, and Abigail wrote to him again. Arbitrary= Random choice or personal whim. Maxims= Short statement of general truth. MAY 7, 1776 ABIGAIL ADAMS TO JOHN ADAMS "I cannot say that I think you are very generous to the ladies; for, whilst you are proclaiming peace and good-will to men, emancipating all nations, you insist upon retaining an absolute power over wives. "But you must remember that arbitrary power is like most other things which are very hard, very liable to be broken; and, notwithstanding all your wise laws and maxims , we have it in our power, not only to free ourselves, but to subdue our masters, and without violence, throw both your natural and legal authority at our feet."

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Page 1: L2 1-Historical Context: You may or may not … 4a Women...1 L2 1-Historical Context: You may or may not remember that as the colonies of America fought for revolution beginning in

1

L2 1-Historical Context: You may or may not remember that as the colonies of America fought for revolution beginning in 1776, leaders in each colony met to begin developing a government for their new country. John Adams, the first Vice President and second president of the United States was one of those delegates who debated with other state leaders about our government. Abigail was his wife. They had a very close, respectful relationship.

Focusedannotations:WhatdoesAbigailwantfromJohn?................................................................................................................................................................WhyisAbigailaskingJohntoremembertheladies?................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................HowhasAbigail’sattitudechangedfromthe1stletter?Underlineproofofyourstatement.................................................................................................................................................................

Vocabulary to help you understand the letters. Independency= To declare independence from England. Tyrants= Cruel oppressive ruler. Foment= promote the development or growth of something. Indignity=treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame Impunity=exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious= consequences of an action. Abhor= regard with disgust and hatred. MARCH 31, 1776 - ABIGAIL ADAMS TO JOHN ADAMS "I long to hear that you have declared an independency. And, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. "Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. "Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation. "That your sex are naturally tyrannical is a truth so thoroughly established as to admit of no dispute; but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up -- the harsh tide of master for the more tender and endearing one of friend. "Why, then, not put it out of the power of the vicious and the lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with impunity? "Men of sense in all ages abhor those customs which treat us only as the (servants) of your sex; regard us then as being placed by Providence under your protection, and in imitation of the Supreme Being make use of that power only for our happiness." JohnAdam’sresponsewasnottoopromising,andAbigailwrotetohimagain.Arbitrary=Randomchoiceorpersonalwhim.Maxims= Short statement of general truth.MAY 7, 1776 ABIGAIL ADAMS TO JOHN ADAMS "I cannot say that I think you are very generous to the ladies; for, whilst you are proclaiming peace and good-will to men, emancipating all nations, you insist upon retaining an absolute power over wives. "But you must remember that arbitrary power is like most other things which are very hard, very liable to be broken; and, notwithstanding all your wise laws and maxims, we have it in our power, not only to free ourselves, but to subdue our masters, and without violence, throw both your natural and legal authority at our feet."

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L2 2-Historical Context: You may or may not remember that men and women in America fought for the abolition of slavery prior to emancipation of slaves during the Civil War. The Civil War diverted attention away from women’s rights, and focused more on slavery abolition. Many of the same people were also fighting for women’s equality rights in the United States. One of these women was Sojourner Truth. Sojouner Truth escaped slavery in 1826 and devoted her life to the abolitionist cause. She also advocated for universal suffrage.

Focusedannotations:Writeyouranswersinyourownwords,underlineproofintext.WhyisSojournerangry?Underlineyourproof....................................…......................................….....…........................................….......................................…......................................................................…......................................….....…........................................….......................................…......................................................................…......................................….....…........................................….......................................…...................................WhatdoesSojournerwant?Underlineyourproof...................................…......................................….....…........................................….......................................…...................................WhatevidencedoesSojournerusetoshowwomendeservesuffragejustlikeaswhitemen?Underlineyourproof...................................…......................................….....…........................................….......................................…...................................

Sojourner Truth (1797-1883): Ain't I A Woman?

Delivered 1851 Women's Convention, Akron, Ohio Well, children, where there is so much racket there must be something out of kilter [harmony]. I think that '…the negroes of the South and the women at the North, all talking about rights, the white men will be in a fix pretty soon. But what's all this here talking about? That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head [beat] me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man - when I could get it - and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman? Then they talk about this thing in the head; what's this they call it? [member of audience whispers, "intellect"] That's it, honey. What's that got to do with women's rights or negroes' rights? If my cup won't hold but a pint, and yours holds a quart, wouldn't you be mean not to let me have my little half measure full? Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him. If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back , and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them. Obliged to you for hearing me, and now old Sojourner ain't got nothing more to say.

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L23-HistoricalContext:YoumayormaynotrememberthataftertheCivilWar,the15thAmendmenttotheConstitutiongavesuffragetoallcitizensinAmerica.However,thiswasinterpretedasonlymalecitizens.Withthewar’send,andthepassingofthe13th,14th,and15thAmendments,manywomenre-focusedtheirattentiononattainingwomen’ssuffrageagain.SusanB.Anthonywasoneofthefoundersofthewomen’smovementforsuffrageandusedcivildisobediencetoproveherpoint.

Focusedannotations:Writeyouranswersinyourownwords,underlineproofintext.WhyisSusangivingthisspeech?Underlineyourproof....................................…......................................….....…........................................….......................................…...................................Whatdocumentissheusingasevidenceforherclaim?Underlineyourproof...................................…......................................….......…...................................Explainherpointofviewregardingrightsofcitizens.Underlineyourproof...................................…......................................….....…........................................….......................................….....................................…........................................….......................................…...................................Howdoessheuseherevidenceagainstheraccusers?..…........................................….......................................….....................................…........................................….......................................…...................................Fillinthegraphicorganizerand

SusanB.Anthonytriedtovoteinthe1872presidentialelection.Shewasarrestedforcastinganillegalvote,tried,convicted,andfined$100butrefusedtopay.Friendsandfellowcitizens:Istandbeforeyoutonightunderindictmentfortheallegedcrimeofhavingvotedatthelastpresidentialelection,withouthavingalawfulrighttovote.Itshallbemyworkthiseveningtoprovetoyouthatinthusvoting,Inotonlycommittednocrime,but,instead,simplyexercisedmycitizen'srights,guaranteedtomeandallUnitedStatescitizensbytheNationalConstitution,beyondthepowerofanystatetodeny. ThepreambleoftheFederalConstitutionsays:"We,thepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectunion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity[futuregenerations],doordain[order]andestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica."Itwaswe,thepeople;notwe,thewhitemalecitizens;noryetwe,themalecitizens;butwe,thewholepeople,whoformedtheUnion.Andweformedit,nottogivetheblessingsofliberty,buttosecurethem;nottothehalfofourselvesandthehalfofourposterity,buttothewholepeople-womenaswellasmen.Anditisadownrightmockerytotalktowomenoftheirenjoymentoftheblessingsoflibertywhiletheyaredeniedtheuseoftheonlymeansofsecuringthemprovidedbythisdemocratic-republicangovernment-theballot. Tothem,women,thisgovernmenthasnojustpowersderivedfromtheconsentofthegoverned.Tothemthisgovernmentisnotademocracy.Itisnotarepublic.Itisanodiousaristocracy;ahatefuloligarchy,orrulebyfew,ofsex;themosthatefularistocracyeverestablishedonthefaceoftheglobe;anoligarchyofwealth,wheretherichgovernthepoor.Anoligarchyoflearning,wheretheeducatedgoverntheignorant,orevenanoligarchyofrace,wheretheSaxonrulestheAfrican,mightbeendured;butthisoligarchyofsex,whichmakesfather,brothers,husband,sons,theoligarchsoverthemotherandsisters,thewifeanddaughters,ofeveryhousehold-whichordainsallmensovereigns,allwomensubjects,carriesdissension,discord,andrebellionintoeveryhomeofthenation.

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L3answerthequestionsinyourSupportbooklet.Activitysheets4-7

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DeclarationofIndependence INCONGRESS,JULY4,1776 TheUnanimousDeclarationoftheThirteenUnitedStatesofAmerica 1WhenintheCourseofhumanEvents,itbecomesnecessaryforonePeopletodissolvethePoliticalBandswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearth,theseparateandequalStationtowhichtheLawsofNatureandofNature’sGodentitlethem,adecentRespecttotheOpinionsofMankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation. 2WeholdtheseTruthstobeself-evident,thatallMenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappiness—ThattosecuretheseRights,GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned,—ThatwheneveranyFormofGovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseEnds,itistheRightofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,layingitsFoundationonsuchPrinciples,andorganizingitsPowersinsuchForm,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyandHappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatGovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientCauses;andaccordinglyallExperiencehathshewnthatMankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileEvilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheFormstowhichtheyareaccustomed.ButwhenalongTrainofAbusesandUsurpations,pursuinginvariablythesameObject,evincesaDesigntoreducethemunderabsoluteDespotism,itistheirRight,itistheirDuty,tothrowoffsuchGovernment,andtoprovidenewGuardsfortheirfuturesecurity.—SuchhasbeenthepatientSufferanceoftheseColonies;andsuchisnowtheNecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformerSystemsofGovernment.TheHistoryofthepresentKingofGreat-BritainisaHistoryofrepeatedInjuriesandUsurpations,allhavingindirectObjecttheEstablishmentofanabsoluteTyrannyovertheseStates.Toprovethis,letFactsbesubmittedtoacandidWorld. 3-HehasrefusedhisAssenttoLaws,themostwholesomeandnecessaryforthepublicGood. -HehasforbiddenhisGovernorstopassLawsofimmediateandpressingImportance,unlesssuspendedintheirOperationtillhisAssentshouldbeobtained;andwhensosuspended,hehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothem. -HehasrefusedtopassotherLawsfortheAccommodationoflargeDistrictsofPeople,unlessthosePeoplewouldrelinquishtheRightofRepresentationintheLegislature,arightinestimabletothem,andformidabletoTyrantsonly. HehascalledtogetherLegislativeBodiesatPlacesunusual,uncomfortable,anddistantfromtheDepositoryoftheirPublicRecords,forthesolePurposeoffatiguingthemintoCompliancewithhisMeasures. HehasdissolvedRepresentativeHousesrepeatedly,foropposingwithmanlyFirmnesshisInvasionsontheRightsofthePeople. HehasrefusedforalongTime,aftersuchDissolutions,tocauseotherstobeelected;wherebytheLegislativePowers,incapableofAnnihilation,havereturnedtothePeopleatlargefortheirexercise;theStateremaininginthemeantimeexposedtoalltheDangersofInvasionfromwithout,andConvulsionswithin. HehasendeavouredtopreventthePopulationoftheseStates;forthatPurposeobstructingtheLawsforNaturalizationofForeigners;refusingtopassotherstoencouragetheirMigrationshither,andraisingtheConditionsofnewAppropriationsofLands. HehasobstructedtheAdministrationofJustice,byrefusinghisAssenttoLawsforestablishingJudiciaryPowers. HehasmadeJudgesdependentonhisWillalone,forthetenureoftheirOffices,andtheAmountandPaymentoftheirSalaries. HehaserectedaMultitudeofnewOffices,andsenthitherSwarmsofOfficerstoharassourPeopleandeatouttheirSubstance.

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Hehaskeptamongus,inTimesofPeace,StandingArmieswithouttheconsentofourLegislatures. HehasaffectedtorendertheMilitaryindependentofandsuperiortotheCivilPower. HehascombinedwithotherstosubjectustoaJurisdictionforeigntoourConstitution,andunacknowledgedbyourLaws;givinghisAssenttotheirActsofpretendedLegislation: ForquarteringlargeBodiesofArmedTroopsamongus: Forprotectingthem,byamockTrial,fromPunishmentforanyMurderswhichtheyshouldcommitontheInhabitantsoftheseStates: ForcuttingoffourTradewithallpartsoftheWorld:ForimposingTaxesonuswithoutourConsent:Fordeprivingus,inmanyCases,oftheBenefitsofTrialbyJury: FortransportingusbeyondSeastobetriedforpretendedOffences: ForabolishingthefreeSystemofEnglishLawsinaneighbouringProvince,establishingthereinanarbitraryGovernment,andenlargingitsBoundaries,soastorenderitatonceanExampleandfitInstrumentforintroducingthesameabsoluteRuleintotheseColonies: FortakingawayourCharters,abolishingourmostvaluableLaws,andalteringfundamentallytheFormsofourGovernments: ForsuspendingourownLegislatures,anddeclaringthemselvesinvestedwithPowertolegislateforusinallCaseswhatsoever. HehasabdicatedGovernmenthere,bydeclaringusoutofhisProtectionandwagingWaragainstus. HehasplunderedourSeas,ravagedourCoasts,burntourTowns,anddestroyedtheLivesofourPeople. Heis,atthisTimetransportinglargeArmiesofforeignMercenariestocompleattheWorksofDeath,Desolation,andTyranny,alreadybegunwithcircumstancesofCrueltyandPerfidy,scarcelyparalleledinthemostbarbarousAges,andtotallyunworthytheHeadofacivilizedNation. HehasconstrainedourfellowCitizenstakenCaptiveonthehighSeastobearArmsagainsttheirCountry,tobecometheExecutionersoftheirFriendsandBrethren,ortofallthemselvesbytheirHands. HehasexciteddomesticInsurrectionsamongstus,andhasendeavouredtobringontheInhabitantsofourFrontiers,themercilessIndianSavages,whoseknownRuleofWarfare,isanundistinguishedDestructionofallAges,SexesandConditions. IneverystageoftheseOppressionswehavePetitionedforRedressinthemosthumbleTerms:OurrepeatedPetitionshavebeenansweredonlybyrepeatedInjury.APrince,whoseCharacteristhusmarkedbyeveryactwhichmaydefineaTyrant,isunfittobetheRulerofafreePeople. NorhavewebeenwantinginAttentionstoourBritishBrethren.WehavewarnedthemfromTimetoTimeofAttemptsbytheirLegislaturetoextendanunwarrantableJurisdictionoverus.WehaveremindedthemoftheCircumstancesofourEmigrationandSettlementhere.WehaveappealedtotheirnativeJusticeandMagnanimity,andwehaveconjuredthembytheTiesofourcommonKindredtodisavowtheseUsurpations,which,wouldinevitablyinterruptourConnectionsandCorrespondence.TheytoohavebeendeaftotheVoiceofJusticeandofConsanguinity.Wemust,therefore,acquiesceintheNecessity,whichdenouncesourSeparation,andholdthem,asweholdtherestofMankind,EnemiesinWar,inPeace,Friends.4We,therefore,theRepresentativesoftheunitedStatesofAmerica,inGeneralCongress,Assembled,appealingtotheSupremeJudgeoftheWorldfortheRectitudeofourIntentions,do,intheName,andbyAuthorityofthegoodPeopleoftheseColonies,solemnlyPublishandDeclare,ThattheseUnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobe,FreeandIndependentStates;thattheyareabsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalConnectionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreat-Britain,isandoughttobetotallydissolved;andthatasFreeandIndependentStates,theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodoallotherActsandThingswhichIndependentStatesmayofrightdo.—AndforthesupportofthisDeclaration,withafirmRelianceontheProtectionofdivineProvidence,wemutuallypledgetoeachotherourLives,ourFortunes,andoursacredHonor. Signedby56delegateswhowererepresentativesofalloftheoriginal13colonies.

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TheDeclarationofSentiments(1848)ElizabethCadyStantonandLucretiaMott 1When,inthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforoneportionofthefamilyofmantoassumeamongthepeopleoftheearthapositiondifferentfromthatwhichtheyhavehithertooccupied,butonetowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecausesthatimpelthemtosuchacourse. 2Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident:thatallmenandwomenarecreatedequal;thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertaininalienablerights;thatamongthesearelife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness;thattosecuretheserightsgovernmentsareinstituted,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned.Wheneveranyformofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends,itistherightofthosewhosufferfromittorefuseallegiancetoit,andtoinsistupontheinstitutionofanewgovernment,layingitsfoundationonsuchprinciples,andorganizingitspowersinsuchform,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirsafetyandhappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatgovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientcauses;andaccordinglyallexperiencehathshownthatmankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileevilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomed.Butwhenalongtrainofabusesandusurpations,pursuinginvariablythesameobject,evincesadesigntoreducethemunderabsolutedespotism,itistheirdutytothrowoffsuchgovernment,andtoprovidenewguardsfortheirfuturesecurity.Suchhasbeenthepatientsufferanceofthewomenunderthisgovernment,andsuchisnowthenecessitywhichconstrainsthemtodemandtheequalstationtowhichtheyareentitled.Thehistoryofmankindisahistoryofrepeatedinjuriesandusurpationsonthepartofmantowardwoman,havingindirectobjecttheestablishmentofanabsolutetyrannyoverher.Toprovethis,letfactsbesubmittedtoacandidworld. Thehistoryofmankindisahistoryofrepeatedinjuriesandusurpationsonthepartofmantowardwoman,havingindirectobjecttheestablishmentofanabsolutetyrannyoverher.Toprovethis,letfactsbesubmittedtoacandidworld. 3-Hehasneverpermittedhertoexerciseherinalienablerighttotheelectivefranchise.Hehascompelledhertosubmittolaws,intheformationofwhichshehadnovoice. -Hehaswithheldfromherrightswhicharegiventothemostignorantanddegradedmen—bothnativesandforeigners. -Havingdeprivedherofthisfirstrightofacitizen,theelectivefranchise,therebyleavingherwithoutrepresentationinthehallsoflegislation,hehasoppressedheronallsides. -Hehasmadeher,ifmarried,intheeyeofthelaw,civillydead.-Hehastakenfromherallrightinproperty,eventothewagessheearns. -Hehasmadeher,morally,anirresponsiblebeing,asshecancommitmanycrimeswithimpunity,providedtheybedoneinthepresenceofherhusband.Inthecovenantofmarriage,sheiscompelledtopromiseobediencetoherhusband,hebecoming,toallintentsandpurposes,hermaster—thelawgivinghimpowertodepriveherofherliberty,andtoadministerchastisement. -Hehassoframedthelawsofdivorce,astowhatshallbethepropercauses,andincaseofseparation,towhomtheguardianshipofthechildrenshallbegiven,astobewhollyregardlessofthehappinessofwomen—thelaw,inallcases,goinguponafalsesuppositionofthesupremacyofman,andgivingallpowerintohishands. -Afterdeprivingherofallrightsasamarriedwoman,ifsingle,andtheownerofproperty,hehastaxedhertosupportagovernmentwhichrecognizesheronlywhenherpropertycanbemadeprofitabletoit. -Hehasmonopolizednearlyalltheprofitableemployments,andfromthosesheispermittedtofollow,shereceivesbutascantyremuneration.Heclosesagainstheralltheavenuestowealthanddistinctionwhichheconsidersmosthonorabletohimself.Asateacheroftheology,medicine,orlaw,sheisnotknown. -Hehasdeniedherthefacilitiesforobtainingathorougheducation,allcollegesbeingclosedagainsther.

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-Heallowsherinchurch,aswellasstate,butasubordinateposition,claimingapostolicauthorityforherexclusionfromtheministry,and,withsomeexceptions,fromanypublicparticipationintheaffairsofthechurch. -Hehascreatedafalsepublicsentimentbygivingtotheworldadifferentcodeofmoralsformenandwomen,bywhichmoraldelinquencieswhichexcludewomenfromsociety,arenotonlytolerated,butdeemedoflittleaccountinman. -HehasusurpedtheprerogativeofJehovahhimself,claimingitashisrighttoassignforherasphereofaction,whenthatbelongstoherconscienceandtoherGod. -Hehasendeavored,ineverywaythathecould,todestroyherconfidenceinherownpowers,tolessenherself-respect,andtomakeherwillingtoleadadependentandabjectlife. 4Now,inviewofthisentiredisfranchisementofone-halfthepeopleofthiscountry,theirsocialandreligiousdegradation—inviewoftheunjustlawsabovementioned,andbecausewomendofeelthemselvesaggrieved,oppressed,andfraudulentlydeprivedoftheirmostsacredrights,weinsistthattheyhaveimmediateadmissiontoalltherightsandprivilegeswhichbelongtothemascitizensoftheUnitedStates.

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Name:_______________________________________________ Period:_____ActiveViewingGuideQuestions:IronJawedAngelsDirections:AnswerthefollowingquestionswhilewatchingthemovieIronJawedAngels.InserttheDATEofviewinginthemarginontheleft.1. WhydotheleadersoftheNationalAmericanWoman’sSuffrageAssociationdislikethe

Englishsuffragettes?............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Inwhatyeardoesthemoviebegin?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. WhichtwowomentookoverNAWSA’sCongressionalcommittee?...............................................................................................................................................................

4. Whydothewomenfactoryworkerschangetheirmindanddecidetocometotheparade?.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

5. WhydoesIdaWellsBarnettfromtheChicagodelegationhaveaproblemwiththewaytheparade?.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

6. Whyweren’tthereanypeopletogreetPresidentWoodrowWilsonuponhisarrival?...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7. WhyareCarrieChapmanCattandAnnaShawupsetwithAlicePaul’stactics?.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

8. Whydoesn’tSenatorLeighton’swifewanttogettooinvolvedinthesuffragemovement?.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

9. WhatdoesitmeanwhenNAWSAsuspendstheCongressionalUniontoinvestigateunauthorizedexpenditures?..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

10. WhatisthepurposeoftheNationalWomen’sParty?............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

11. Howlonghadwomenbeenfightingforsuffrageastheybegantocampaignstatetostate?...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

12. Wilsonadvocatedforwomentocontinuecampaigningforsuffragestatebystatebutrefusedtosupportanationalamendment.Whydoyouthinkhemadethisdistinction?...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

13. WhathappenedtoInezMilholland?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

14. Whowonthepresidentialelectionof1916?...........................................................................................................................................................................................

15. WhatdoestheNWPstartdoingonJanuary10,1917?.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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16. Whataresomewaysthatthemenwhoworkatthewhitehousearetryingtogetridofthefemalepicketersstationedoutsidethewhitehouse?.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

17. DoesNAWSAsupportthepicketers?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

18. Whathappenswhenthewomenpicketoncewarhasbeendeclared?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

19. Whatarethewomenwhoarearrestedchargedwith?...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

20. Whywon’tthewomenpaythefine?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

21. WhycanSenatorLeightontakehischildrenfromhiswife?....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

22. WhenAlicePaulgoesonthepicketline,whatdoesshedo?.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

23. WhydoesAlicedistinguishbetweenPresidentWilsonandtheofficeofthepresidency?......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

24. Whydoesn’tAliceunderstandwhatneedstobeexplainedaboutbeingasuffragist?...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

25. WhatdoesPresidentWilsonwanttodowithAlicePaul?.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

26. HowdoesAlicegetwordtotheothersaboutwhat’shappeningtoher?.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

27. WhydoesEmilyLeightonsaythatshe’sstayinginprisonforthesuffragemovement?..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

28. WhydoesCarrieChapmanCattstandandallowAlicePaultosit?.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

29. HowmanystateshavetoagreebeforetheamendmentisputintheConstitution?...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

30. Whatstatemadethe19thamendment?...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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