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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Lecture Set 1:
Chemical Engineering Fundamentals:
An Introduction
Professor Dr. Saibal Ganguly
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
May 2012
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Lecture Set 1: OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
Understand chemical engineering fundamentals
Understand chemical processes and variables
Understand basic definitions
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Industrial Chemical Plant
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Engineering: A journey from the basic
laboratory to the large scale industries
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Role of a Chemist
• Invention of New Chemical Processes
• Understand fundamental mechanisms
• Determine the suitable catalysts
• Determine suitable process conditions
[temperature, pressure, concentration, pH etc]
• Chemical Analysis [Product/Reactant etc]
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Role of Chemical Engineers in Industrial Process Design
Reactant Product
Sizing of Equipment
Costing of Equipment
Process Control of Reaction and Separation Process
Heat Integration (Reduce Operating Cost)
Overall Economy Analysis
Waste Treatment etc.
CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Important Chemical Industries
1. Petroleum and Refining
2. Natural gas and gas processing
3. Petrochemicals
4. Polymers
5. Coal and coal chemicals
6. Paper and pulp industries
7. Fertilizer and agricultural chemicals
8. Paints and dyes
9. Iron, Steel, Zinc, Copper & minerals
10. Pharmaceutical and drugs
11. Food and beverages
12. Solvents and refrigerants etc etc.
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Typical Questions to be answered
Raw materials used? Use of products?
Products and intermediates formed? Where to market?
Types of processes used? Hazard and safety issues?
Process alternatives and economics? Storage and transportation?
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
What is a chemical Process?
A process is any operation or series of operations
by which a particular objective is accomplished.
The operations cause physical or chemical
changes in a substance or mixture of substances.
The material that enters a process is referred as
the INPUT or FEED, and that which leaves is the
OUTPUT or PRODUCT.
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Industrial Chemical Process: Reactor
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Separation: The distillation process
In a distillation column, vapor and liquid flow in countercurrent directions to each
other. Liquid is vaporized at the bottom, and vapor is condensed from the top
product and withdrawn from the column. A number of trays are placed in the
column, or the column is packed with open material, so that the vapor phase
contacts the liquid phase, and components are transferred from one phase to the
other.
CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
One distillation tray in the column
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
As you proceed up the column the temperature decreases, and the net effect
is an increase in the more volatile component(s) in the vapor and a decrease in the
less volatile components in the liquid. Vapor is withdrawn from the top of the
column and liquid from the bottom. Feed to the column usually enters part way up
the column.
CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Chemical Process with Multiple steps
It is common for processes to consist of multiple
steps, each of which is carried out in a process
unit, and each process unit has associated with it
a set of INPUT and OUTPUT process streams.
What is Flowcharting or Flowsheeting?
Flowcharting is representation of an industrial
process or a plant consisting of a series of
processes by schematic block diagrams and a
systematic analysis of the process.
CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Common steps in chemical processes
Step 1: Raw Material Storage
Step 2: Raw material preprocessing
Step 3: Separation
Step 4: Reaction and conversion
Step 5: Separation and recycle
Step 6: Product storage
Step 7: Packaging
Step 8: Product Transportation
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Flowsheet of a single distillation process
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Draw schematic flowchart for multiple units
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Process and Operating Variables
Common process variables are:
1. Temperature
2. Pressure
3. Volume
4. Flowrate
5. Weight
6. Level
7. Composition
8. pH
9. quality factor or q (vapor or liquid in feed)
10. Humidity etc
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Class Practice:
Assume that you are a chemical engineer working in
a company. The owner wants to produce sulfuric acid
and start an industry.
Draw a very simple schematic process flowsheet as
an engineer.
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
Assignment 1
Select and Describe ONE chemical industry. What
are the raw materials and products? How can you
fit as a chemical engineer in this chemical
industry and what can be your role?
You can work in a group of two, and each group
should focus on different chemical products.
Assignment should not more than 5 pages.
Submit your assignment by 31st
May 2012.
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CCB 1064: Professor Saibal Ganguly
End of Lecture Set 1
THANK YOU
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