L1 Ch-5 Sol Set-1 Strategies for Enhancement in Food

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Level - II

SECTION - A

Objective Type Questions

(Plant Breeding)

1. An improved variety is

(1) Always superior to the other existing varieties (2) Always inferior to the other existing varieties

(3) May be superior to the other existing varieties (4) More than one options are correct

Sol. Answer (1)

An improved variety is always superior to other existing varieties.

2. An important germplasm storing centre in India is

(1) CDRI (2) FRI (3) ICRISAT (4) NEERI

Sol. Answer (3)

� International Crop Research Institute for Semi And Tropics ICRISAT (Hyderabad)

� Central Drug Research Institute CDRI (Lucknow)

� Forest Research Institute FRI (Dehradun)

� National Environment Engineering Research Institute NEERI (Nagpur)

3. Germplasm can be collected from many sources, where the preferred source to develop disease resistance

is

(1) Improved variety (2) Wild relative

(3) Local variety (4) Plantlet from culture experiment

Sol. Answer (2)

Germplasm can be collected from many sources, where the preferred source to develop disease resistance

is wild relative as they have more adaptations w.r.t. environment.

4. Emasculation (removal of anthers) is required for

(1) Pure lines (2) Selective hybridisation (3) Self pollination (4) Inbreeding

Sol. Answer (2)

Emasculation is required only when hybridisation is done for desired combination of characters and the parents

involved have bisexual flowers.

Chapter 5

Strategies for Enhancement

in Food Production

Solutions

16 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)


5. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. plant breeding

(1) In many crops pre-existing genetic variability is available from wild relatives of the crop

(2) Progeny plants with superior characters are self-pollinated for several generations till they reach a state

of heterozygosity

(3) Hybrid breeding have led to development of several high yielding varieties resistant to water stress

(4) Conventional method of breeding for disease resistance is that of hybridisation and selection

Sol. Answer (2)

Progeny plants with superior characters (hybrid vigour) are self-pollinated for several generations till they reach

a state of homozygosity (do not segregate).

6. Which of the following is an example of intergeneric hybridization?

(1) Triticale (2) Raphanobrassica

(3) ADT-37 (4) More than one option is correct

Sol. Answer (4)

Intergeneric hybridization carried out between two different genera e.g., Wheat Rye Triticale,

Raddish Cabbage Raphanobrassica.

7. Gene responsible for dwarfing in wheat is

(1) dee-geo-woo-gen (2) norin-10 (3) cry gene (4) nod gene

Sol. Answer (2)

norin-10 gene for dwarfing of wheat.

dee-geo-woo-gen gene for dwarfing of rice.

cry-gene for cry-protein in Bacillus thuringiensis

nod gene for nodule formation in Rhizobium bacterium

8. Which was first Indian dwarf, amber grained variety of wheat made from sonora-64 by -rays?

(1) Sonalika (2) Sharbati Sonora (3) Kalyan Sona (4) HUW-468

Sol. Answer (2)

Since Sonora-64 was Mexican variety of wheat that was modified as Sharbati Sonora by -rays mutation.

9. The semi-dwarf wheat varieties brought from Mexico into India were

(1) Sonalika and NP-836 (2) Sharbati Sonara and Pusa Lerma

(3) Sonora-64 and Lerma Rojo-64 (4) Sonora-64 and HUW-468

Sol. Answer (3)

Sonora-64 and Lerma Rojo-64.

10. Which of the following is a chemical mutagen?

(1) Ethyl methane sulphonate and X-rays (2) Sodium azide and UV rays

(3) Ethyl methane sulphonate and Sodium azide (4) X-rays, gamma rays and UV rays

Sol. Answer (3)

Chemical mutagens are Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Sodium azide.

17Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production


11. Bread wheat is

(1) Triticum turgidum (2) Secale cereale (3) T.aestivum (4) T.durum

Sol. Answer (3)

Bread wheat is Triticum aestivum.

12. Late blight of potato is caused by the fungus

(1) Fusarium udum (2) Phytophthora infestans

(3) Plasmopara viticola (4) Alternaria solani

Sol. Answer (2)

Phytophthora infestans fungus – Late blight of potato

Fusarium udum – Wilt of arhar

Plasmopara viticola – Downy mildew of grapes

Alternaria solani – Early blight of potato

13. The use of colchicine is involved in production of

(1) Somaclonal variations (2) Haploids (3) Polyploids (4) Hybrids

Sol. Answer (3)

The use of colchicine is involved to increase ploidy level and produce polyploids. (It causes of doubling of

chromosome).

14. Large numbers of new varieties have been developed through mutation breeding and it has been used commonly

in

(1) Self pollinating crops (2) Cross pollinating crops

(3) Allogamous plants (4) More than one option is correct

Sol. Answer (1)

Mutation breeding programme commonly used in self pollinating crops.

15. Which one of the following is not an improved variety of flat bean?

(1) Pusa sem 2 (2) Pusa sem 3 (3) Pusa sawani (4) Both (1) & (2)

Sol. Answer (3)

Pusa sem 2 & 3 varieties are improved sem varieties. While Pusa Sawani is okra (bhindi) variety.

16. Select the correct match w.r.t. crop variety and resistance to insect pests

Crop Variety Insect Pests

(1) Brassica Pusa Swarnim

Fruit borer

(2) Flat bean Pusa A-4 Jassids

(3) Okra Pusa Sawani Shoot and Fruit borer

(4) Rapeseed mustard Pusa Sem 2 Aphids

Sol. Answer (3)

Okra (bhindi) – Pusa Sawani improved variety against shoot and fruit borer.



17. Maize is rich in

(1) Thiamine (2) Lysine (3) Tryptophan (4) Alanine

Sol. Answer (1)

Maize is rich in Thiamine.

18. Anti-nutritional neurotoxic factor called cyanoalanine is found in

(1) Brassica oleracea (2) Almond (3) Seeds of khesari (4) Kidney bean

Sol. Answer (3)

Anti-nutritional neurotoxic factor called cyanoalanine is found in seeds of khesari i.e., Lathyrus sativus.

19. Atlas 66 variety of wheat was developed for

(1) High protein content (2) Scented grains

(3) Checking grassy stunt virus (4) Vitamin C

Sol. Answer (1)

Atlas 66 variety of wheat was developed for high protein content.

20. Cereals and millets are mainly deficient in which amino acids?

(1) Sulphur containing amino acids-methionine and cysteine

(2) Lysine

(3) Tryptophan

(4) Both (2) & (3)

Sol. Answer (4)

Cereals and millets are mainly deficient to lysine and tryptophan amino acids.

(Single Cell Protein)

21. SCP has to be processed to remove excess of

(1) Proteins (2) Nucleic acids (3) Minerals (4) Carbohydrates

Sol. Answer (2)

SCP has to be processed to remove excess of nucleic acids, toxic substances, heavy metals etc.

(Tissue Culture)

22. Tissue culture using axillary bud is recommended for

(1) Production of virus free plants (2) Induction of polyploidy

(3) Phytoremediation (4) Gene cloning

Sol. Answer (1)

Axillary buds and meristematic tissues are virus free plant parts.

23. The optimum pH of a typical nutrient medium for plant tissue culture is

(1) 2.5 (2) 5.7 (3) 7 (4) 7.8

Sol. Answer (2)

The optimum pH of a typical nutrient medium for plant tissue culture is 5.7



24. An embryoid is

(1) Somatic embryo developed in culture

(2) A microscopic embryo

(3) A monozygotic embryo formed by in vitro culture

(4) Haploid embryo

Sol. Answer (1)

An embryoid is somatic embryo developed in culture.

25. Embryo culture is used for

(1) Establishing suspension culture (2) Recovery of interspecific hybrids

(3) Somatic hybridisation (4) Haploid production

Sol. Answer (2)

Embryo (2n) culture is used for recovery of interspecific hybrids.

26. Protoplasts of two different cells can be made to fuse with the help of

(1) Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (2) Calcium chloride

(3) Sodium bicarbonate (4) HCl

Sol. Answer (1)

The two different cells can be made to fuse by using polyethylene glycol (PEG).

27. A technique of androgenic haploid formation was developed by

(1) Carlson et. al. (2) Guha and Maheshwari

(3) Skoog and Miller (4) Steward et. al.

Sol. Answer (2)

A technique of androgenic haploid formation was developed by Guha & Maheshwari.

28. Cybrid is a result of

(1) Fusion of cytoplasm and nuclei of the two somatic cells

(2) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cell but the nuclei remain unfused

(3) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cells occurs but the nucleus of one cell persists, and the nucleus of

other degenerates

(4) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cells take place but one part of the nucleus of one cell fuses with

the entire nucleus of second cell

Sol. Answer (3)

Cybrid =

Nucleatedcytoplasm

Enucleatedcytoplasm

Cybrid

29. Perfect homozygous individuals are produced by

(1) Meristem culture (2) Anther culture

(3) Protoplast culture (4) Somatic hybridization

Sol. Answer (2)

Perfect hymozygous individuals are produced by anther culture e.g. Jinghua-1-(wheat), Guan-18-(rice)



30. ‘Pomato’ is an example of

(1) Parasexual hybrid (2) Intraspecific hybrid

(3) Sexual hybrid (4) Intravarietial hybrid

Sol. Answer (1)

Pomato is parasexual hybrid i.e. Intergeneric somatic hybrid. (Potato + Tomato Pomato).

31. Consider the following statements A - D with incomplete spaces :

A. Although the plant is infected with a virus, the apical and axillary __(i)__ is free of virus.

B. Around three billion people in the world suffer from __(ii)__, __(iii)__ and __(iv)__, deficiencies or hidden

hunger.

C. Alternate sources of proteins for animal and human nutrition is __(v)__ like __(vi)__.

D. Whole plants could be generated from any part of the plant called __(vii)__ and this capacity is called

__(viii)__

Select the correct option which fills up the respective blank numbers from (i) to (viii) :

(1) (iii) Meristem ; (iv) Vitamin ; (vi) Totipotency

(2) (ii) Meristem ; (v) SCP ; (vi) Explant

(3) (i) Bud ; (ii) Micronutrient ; (viii) Explant

(4) (v) SCP ; (vii) Explant ; (viii) Totipotency

Sol. Answer (4)

(i) Bud ; (ii) Micronutrient

(iii) Protein ; (vi) Vitamins

(v) Single cell protein ; (vi) Spirullina

(vii) Micronutrients ; (vii) Totipotency.

32. Somaclonal variations are

(1) Caused by gamma rays

(2) Produced during sexual reproduction

(3) Produced by chemical mutagens

(4) Produced during tissue culture

Sol. Answer (4)

Somaclonal variations are produced during tissue culture.

33. Find odd one w.r.t. green manures

(1) Melilotus (2) Crotalaria

(3) Jatropha (4) Trifolium

Sol. Answer (3)

Green manures - Melilotus, Crotolaria, Trifolium

Jatropha is source of hydrocarbon i.e., petropalnt.



34. A government agency which keeps control on introduction of new variety of plants in India is

(1) Indian Council for Agricultural Research

(2) NSC

(3) National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources

(4) ICRISAT

Sol. Answer (3)

A government agency which keeps control on introduction of new variety of plants in India is

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resouces (NBPGR).

35. Gynogenic haploids are produced by using

(1) Unfertilized ovules (2) Fertilized ovules

(3) Somatic embryo (4) Shoot apex

Sol. Answer (1)

36. Hybridisation between the two varieties of same species is known as

(1) Intraspecific (2) Intravarietal

(3) Interspecific (4) Intergeneric

Sol. Answer (1)

37. In India, seeds of desirable plants are certified by

(1) ICRISAT (2) NSC

(3) IARI (4) NBPGR

Sol. Answer (2)

SECTION - B

Previous Years Questions

1. A system of rotating crops with legume or grass pasture to imporve soil structure and fertility is called

[NEET-2016]

(1) Shifting agriculture (2) Ley farming

(3) Contour farming (4) Strip farming

Sol. Answer (2)

The growing of grasses or legumes in rotation with grain or tilled crops as a soil conservation measure.

2. A technique of micropropagation is [AIPMT-2015]

(1) Embryo rescue (2) Somatic hybridization

(3) Somatic embryogenesis (4) Protoplast fusion

Sol. Answer (3)

Development of embryo like structure from explant through tissue culture method is called somatic

embryogenesis.



3. Which of the following enhances or induces fusion of protoplasts? [AIPMT-2015]

(1) IAA and gibberellins

(2) Sodium chloride and potassium chloride

(3) Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate

(4) IAA and kinetin

Sol. Answer (3)

Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate enhance or induce fusion of protoplasts.

4. To obtain virus-free healthy plants from a diseased one by tissue culture technique, which part/parts of the

diseased plant will be taken? [AIPMT-2014]

(1) Apical meristem only (2) Palisade parenchyma

(3) Both apical and axillary meristems (4) Epidermis only

Sol. Answer (3)

Apical and axillary meristems are free of virus.

5. An alga which can be employed as food for human being is [AIPMT-2014]

(1) Ulothrix (2) Chlorella (3) Spirogyra (4) Polysiphonia

Sol. Answer (2)

Chlorella is rich in proteins and are used as food supplements even by space travellers.

6. In plant breeding programmes, the entire collection (of plants/seeds) having all the diverse alleles for all genes

in a given crop is called [NEET-2013]

(1) Cross-hybridisation among the selected parents

(2) Evaluation and selection of parents

(3) Germplasm collection

(4) Selection of superior recombinants

Sol. Answer (3)

It is germplasm collection.

7. Which one of the following is a case of wrong matching? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]

(1) Micropropagation-In vitro production of plants in large numbers

(2) Callus–Unorganised mass of cells produced in tissue culture

(3) Somatic hybridization - Fusion of two diverse cells

(4) Vector DNA-Site for t-RNA synthesis

Sol. Answer (4)

Vector DNA - in transgenic for desired genes cloning.

8. Which part would be most suitable for raising virus-free plants for micropropagation? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]

(1) Meristem (2) Node

(3) Bark (4) Vascular tissue

Sol. Answer (1)

Meristems are virus free tissue of plants.



9. Green revolution in India occurred during [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]

(1) 1960 's (2) 1970's (3) 1980's (4) 1950's

Sol. Answer (1)

Green revolution in India occurred during 1960's.

10. Consider the following four statements (a-d) and select the option which includes all the correct ones only

(a) Single cell Spirulina can produce large quantities of food rich in protein, minerals, vitamins etc.

(b) Body weight-wise the micro-organism Methylophilus methylotrophus may be able to produce several

times more proteins than the cows per day

(c) Common button mushrooms are a very rich source of vitamin C.

(d) A rice variety has been developed which is very rich in calcium. [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]

(1) Statements (c), (d) (2) Statements (a), (c) and (d)

(3) Statements (b), (c) and (d) (4) Statements (a), (b)

Sol. Answer (4)

Rice variety developed is rich in vitamin A.

Button mushroom is rich in vitamin B.

11. Mutations can be induced with [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]

(1) Gamma radiations (2) Infra Red radiations

(3) IAA (4) Ethylene

Sol. Answer (1)

12. 'Himgiri' developed by hybridisation and selection for disease resistance against rust pathogens is a variety

of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]

(1) Wheat (2) Chilli

(3) Maize (4) Sugarcane

Sol. Answer (1)

Wheat

13. "Jaya" and "Ratna developed for green revolution in India are the varieties of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]

(1) Bajra (2) Maize

(3) Rice (4) Wheat

Sol. Answer (3)

Jaya and Ratna are rice varieties.

14. A collection of plants and seeds having diverse alleles of all the genes of a crop is called

[AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]

(1) Genome (2) Herbarium

(3) Germplasm (4) Gene library

Sol. Answer (3)

Diverse alleles of all the genes of a crop is called germplasm.



15. Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins is called [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]

(1) Micropropagation (2) Somatic hybridisation

(3) Biofortification (4) Biomagnification

Sol. Answer (3)

Crops with high concentration of minerals, vitamins and proteins called Biofortification.

16. Which of the following plant species you would select for the production of bioethanol?


(1) Zea mays (2) Pongamia

(3) Jatropha (4) Brassica

Sol. Answer (3)

17. Somaclones are obtained by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

(1) Plant breeding (2) Irradiation

(3) Genetic engineering (4) Tissue culture

Sol. Answer (4)

18. Which one of the following is linked to the discovery of Bordeaux mixture as a popular fungicide?


(1) Black rust of wheat (2) Bacterial leaf blight of rice

(3) Downy mildew of grapes (4) Loose smut of wheat

Sol. Answer (3)

19. Consider the following four measures (a - d) that could be taken to successfully grow chick-pea in an area

where bacterial blight disease is common

(a) Spray with Bordeaux mixture.

(b) Control of the insect vector of the disease pathogen.

(c) Use of only disease-free seeds.

(d) Use of varieties resistant to the disease.

Which two of the above measures can control the disease? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]

(1) (a) and (d) (2) (b) and (c)

(3) (a) and (b) (4) (c) and (d)

Sol. Answer (4)

Use of only disease free seeds and use of varieties resistant to the disease.

20. Which one of the following is being tried in India as a biofuel substitute for fossil fuels?


(1) Aegilops (2) Jatropha (3) Azadirachta (4) Musa

Sol. Answer (2)

Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae).



21. In maize, hybrid vigour is exploited by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]

(1) Inducing mutations (2) Bombarding the seeds with DNA

(3) Crossing of two inbred parental lines. (4) Harvesting seeds from the most productive plants

Sol. Answer (3)

22. Crop plants grown in monoculture are [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Low in yield (2) Free from intraspecific competition

(3) Characterised by poor root system (4) Highly prone to pests

Sol. Answer (4)

Crop plants grown in monoculture are highly prone to pests.

23. In maize, hybrid vigour is exploited by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Bombarding the protoplast with DNA (2) Crossing of two inbreed parental lines

(3) Harvesting seeds from the most productive plants (4) Inducing mutations

Sol. Answer (2)

In maize hybrid vigour is exploited (making good) by crossing of two inbred parental lines.

24. Triticale, the first man-made cereal crop, has been obtained by crossing wheat with [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Rye (2) Pearl millet

(3) Sugarcane (4) Barley

Sol. Answer (1)

25. In order to obtain virus-free plants through tissue culture the best method is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Protoplast culture (2) Embryo rescue

(3) Anther culture (4) Meristem culture

Sol. Answer (4)

26. Three crops that contribute maximum to global food grain production are [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]

(1) Wheat, rice and maize (2) Wheat, maize and sorghum

(3) Rice, maize and sorghum (4) Wheat, rice and barley

Sol. Answer (1)

Wheat, rice and maize

27. The name of Norman Borlaug is associated with [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]

(1) Green revolution (2) Yellow revolution

(3) White revolution (4) Blue revolution

Sol. Answer (1)

Norman Borlaug associated with green revolution.

White revolution – Milk production

Yellow revolution – Oil production

Blue revolution – Fish production.



28. An important step in the manufacture of pulp for paper industry from the woody tissues of plants is the


(1) Preparation of pure cellulose by removing lignin

(2) Removal of oils present in the wood by treatment with suitable chemicals

(3) Removal of water from the wood by prolonged heating at approximately 50°C

(4) Treatment of wood with chemical that breakdown cellulose

Sol. Answer (1)

29. Which of the following is generally used for induced mutagenesis in crop plants? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]

(1) Alpha particles (2) X-rays

(3) UV (260 nm) (4) Gamma rays (from cobalt 60)

Sol. Answer (4)

Gamma rays from cobalt 60 is used to induce mutation.

30. Which statement is correct about centre of origin of plant?

(1) More diversity in improved variety (2) Frequency of dominant gene is more

(3) Climatic conditions are more favourable (4) None of these

Sol. Answer (2)

The centre of origin of plant having more frequency of dominant gene.

31. When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of F1 hybrid is often superior to both its

parents. This phenomenon is called

(1) Metamorphosis (2) Heterosis

(3) Transformation (4) Spheing

Sol. Answer (2)

Superior trait more developed than parents called hybrid vigour / heterosis.

32. Which of the following is the New World spice, that has become an essential part of Indian cuisine?

(1) Red pepper (2) Black pepper

(3) Ginger (4) Cardamom

Sol. Answer (1)

Red pepper

33. The reason for vegetativeIy reproducing crop plants suit for maintaining hybrid vigour is that

(1) They are more resistant to diseases

(2) Once a desired hybrid produced, no chances of losing it

(3) They can be easily propagated

(4) They have a longer life span

Sol. Answer (2)

The reason for vegetatively reproducing crops plants suitable for maintaining hybrid vigour is that once a desired

hybrid produced, no chance of losing it.



34. The new varieties of plants are produced by

(1) Introduction and mutation (2) Selection and introduction

(3) Selection and hybridization (4) Mutation and selection

Sol. Answer (3)

The new varieties of plants are produced by selection and hybridization.

35. Before the European invader which vegetable was absent in India?

(1) Potato and tomato (2) Simla mirch and brinjal

(3) Maize and chichinda (4) Bitter gourd

Sol. Answer (1)

Potato and tomato.

36. Which of the following crops have been brought to India from New World?

(1) Cashewnut, potato, rubber (2) Mango, tea

(3) Tea, rubber, mango (4) Coffee

Sol. Answer (1)

Cashewnut, potato, rubber.

37. A germplasm collection is a

(1) Collection of specimens of all the species of an area in a herbarium or botanical garden

(2) Collection of modern varieties of a crop

(3) Collection of plants or seeds having diverse alleles of all genes in a crop

(4) Collection of seeds or pollen of rare and threatened species of a group or area

Sol. Answer (3)

Collection of plants or seeds having diverse alleles of all genes in a crop.

38. Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species of

(1) Erwinia (2) Xanthomonas (3) Pseudomonas (4) Alternaria

Sol. Answer (2)

Bacterial leaf blight of rice – Xanthomonas

Red stipe of sugarcane – Pseudomonas rubrilineans

Early blight of potato – Alternaria solani

Fire blight of apple – Erwinia amylovora

39. Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because

(1) Economy of developing countries may suffer

(2) These products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products

(3) This method is costly

(4) There is threat of entry of viruses and toxins with introduced crop

Sol. Answer (4)

Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because there is threat of viruses

and toxins with introduced crop.



40. Which one of the following plants are used as green manure in crop fields and in sandy soils ?

(1) Crotalaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum

(2) Calotropis procera and Phyllanthus niruri

(3) Saccharum munja and Lantana camara

(4) Dichanthium annulatum and Azolla nilotica

Sol. Answer (1)

Source as green manure in crop fields and in sandy soils are- Crotalaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum.

41. Nicotiana sylvestris flowers only during long days and N.tabacum flowers only during short days. If raised in

the laboratory under different photoperiods, they can be induced to flower at the same time and can be cross-

fertilized to produce self-fertile offspring. What is the best reason for considering N.sylvestris and N.tabacum

to be separate species?

(1) They cannot interbreed in nature (2) They are reproductively distinct

(3) They are physiologically distinct (4) They are morphologically distinct

Sol. Answer (1)

These are reproductively isolated and cannot interbreed naturally.

42. Which of the following statements is not true about somatic embryogenesis?

(1) A somatic embryo develops from a somatic cell

(2) The pattern of development of a somatic embryo is comparable to that of a zygotic embryo

(3) Somatic embryos can develop from microspores

(4) Somatic embryo is induced usually by an auxin such as 2, 4-D

Sol. Answer (3)

Somatic embryos can develop from meristematic cells.

43. Tissue culture technique can produce infinite number of new plants from a small parental tissue. The economic

importance of the technique is in raising

(1) Variants through picking up somaclonal variations

(2) Genetically uniform population identical to the original parent

(3) Homozygous diploid plants

(4) Development of new species

Sol. Answer (2)

Genetically uniform population identical to the original parent.

44. Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by

(1) Only gymnosperm cells (2) All plant cells

(3) All eukaryotic cells (4) Only bacterial cells

Sol. Answer (2)

Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by all plants cells.



45. In tissue culture medium, the embryoids formed from pollen grains are due to

(1) Cellular totipotency (2) Organogenesis (3) Double fertilization (4) Test tube culture

Sol. Answer (1)

In tissue culture medium, the embryoids arise from pollen grains due to cellular totipotency.

46. The technique of obtaining large number of plantlets by tissue culture method is called

(1) Plantlet culture (2) Organ culture (3) Micropropagation (4) Macropropagation

Sol. Answer (3)

Micropropagation

47. A plant hormone used for inducing morphogenesis in plant tissue culture is

(1) Cytokinins (2) Ethylene (3) Abscisic acid (4) Gibberellins

Sol. Answer (1)

Cytokinin.

SECTION - C

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

1. A : Somatic hybrids may be used for the production of useful plants.

R : Genetic manipulation can be carried out more rapidly when plant cells are in protoplast state.

Sol. Answer (1)

Somatic hybrids may used for the production of useful plants. The genetic manupulation of desired genes is

more rapidly carried out in their protoplast state.

2. A : Callus is obtained within 2-3 weeks.

R : Suspension culture grows much faster than callus culture.

Sol. Answer (2)

Plant cell/part Undifferentiated mass i.e., callus developed within 2-3 weeks.

In suspension culture more nutrition is available.

3. A : Genetic improvement of the crop is plant breeding.

R : It creates desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation.

Sol. Answer (1)

Breeding is development of new varieties with desired characteristics that is better suited for cultivation.

4. A : The phase between 1960-1970 is often called the Green Revolution.

R : The development of several high yielding varieties of wheat and rice in 1960s increased yields per unit area.

Sol. Answer (1)

1960-1970 was the period of green revolution. In 1960 yield increased per unit area due to efforts of green

revolution.

5. A : The maize having high nitrogen, sugar and aspartic acid is resistant to pest.

R : It develops resistance to maize root borers.

Sol. Answer (4)

Maize–low nitrogen, sugar and high aspartic acid resistant to stem borer.



6. A : Shakti and Rattan are Lysine rich varieties of maize.

R : Wheat variety Atlas-66 has high protein content.

Sol. Answer (2)

Shakti and Rattan are Lysine rich varieties of maize while Atlas-66 has high protein content.

7. A : New cultivar before release is tested for at least three growing seasons.

R : Testing is performed at only one agroclimatic zone in different seasons.

Sol. Answer (3)

New cultivar after hybridisation are tested for about three growing seasons before release in different agroclimatic

zones.

8. A : Pomato, a somatic hybrid is not popular among common people.

R : This plant did not have all the desired combination of characteristics for its commercial utilization.

Sol. Answer (1)

Pomato arised (potato × tomato) does not have characteristics for its commercial level so it is not very common

among our society.

9. A : Source of SCP can be prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organism.

R : SCP is obtained from unicellular organisms as well as multicellular organisms.

Sol. Answer (2)

Single cell proteins are obtained from both prokaryotes e.g. Spirulina as well as eukaryotes e.g. Chlorella, Yeast

etc. It may be unicellular or multicellular.

10. A : Hybrid is an individual resulting from a cross between two genetically unlike parents.

R : Hybrid vigour is the superiority of hybrid over either of the parents.

Sol. Answer (2)

Hybrid = Species A + Species B

Species C

Parents are genetically unrelated. If resultant is more superior than their parent called hybrid vigour/heterosis

by Shull.

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L1 Ch-5 Sol Set-1 Strategies for Enhancement in Food