L07

2

ESTABLISHING A CONNECTIONCurrent Policy

Package:

Compulsory Schooling at Primary Level & KWAPM (Poor Students Trust Fund)

Lecture 7

And

Lecture 8

New Policy Draft:

Extending Compulsory Schooling to Secondary Level

By now you should have read Supplement 3 Prof Cir 14 2002 and

LO2 Lamp 2 SPB 1 2007

1. Steps in Educational Planning 2. Factors associated with acceptance and

dissemination of innovation3. Development of educational program

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EDUCATIONAL PLANNING MODEL

This Note is Courtesy of Prof Madya Dr. Mohd Majid Konting, UPM, 2011.

CONTENTS

1. Defining the Educational Problem2. Analyzing the Problem3. Conceptualizing & Designing Plans4. Evaluating Plans5. Specifying the Plan6. Implementing the Plan7. Feedback of the Plan

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STEPS IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

• Delineating the scope of the educational problem: identifying the problem; when an event/ activity is de-railed or deviates from the vision or the original plan• Studying “What has been” • Determining “What is versus what should be”• Resources and constraints: organizational and

individual• Establishing educational planning parts and

priorities: use systems design and approach to study parts, theirs strengths and weaknesses

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1. DEFINING EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM

• Study the identified problem in detail: conceptualization and literature to support• Gathering data: obtain empirical evidence of

hard and soft data, demographic, socio-economic data• Analysis and Tabulation of data• Forecasting: cohort analysis based on the

age of the population

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2. ANALYZING THE PROBLEM

a. Identifying the prevailing trends: i. Human trends; society, community, norms,

economic activitiesii. Environmental trends, changes in human

trendsb. Establishing goals and objectivesc. Designing plans: more than one plan

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3. CONCEPTUALIZING & DESIGNING PLANS

• Planning through simulation: mathematical and logic simulation• Evaluating plans: Strengths, Weaknesses,

Opportunities, Threats (SWOT)• Selecting a plan according to priority: use

contingency plans

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4. EVALUATING PLANS

• Implementation of the blue print• Systems support: approval, legal

justification•Organization

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5. SPECIFYING THE PLAN

•Program preparation: dissemination•Organizing operational units

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6. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN

•Monitoring the plan• Evaluating the plan•Adjusting, altering, redesigning the plan

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7. FEEDBACK OF THE PLAN

Rogers (2003) :1. Characteristics & attributes of innovation2. Types of innovative decisions3. Communication channel4. Characteristics of social system5. The role of change agent

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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF INNOVATION

a. Relative advantage: especially in personal terms

b. Adaptability: comfortable to recipients; knowledge, skills, norms, culture, needs

c. Complexity: additional knowledge, skills required

d. Easy to experiment: pilot study and prior exposure

e. Easy to observe: hard evidences13

1. ATTRIBUTES OF INNOVATION

a. Alternative decisions: by individuals, self-awareness, high sustainability

b. Group decision: by organizational members, awareness, high sustainability

c. Authority decision: directive, low sustainability

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2. TYPES OF DECISIONS

a. Hard channels: pamphlets, books, documents, news paper

b. Soft channels: electronic media, TV, radio, internet

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3. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

i) Traditional Society:a. Relationship between members is

personal based on soft behavior: respect and polite

b. Little exposure to and less communication with external development

c. Little orientation to accept change and out-dated technology

d. Less able to change their role or understand others especially outsiders who brought changes.

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4. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

Continued

ii) Modern Society:a. Relationship between members

is based on rationale, not influenced by emotions

b. Wider exposure to external development and easier to accept new changes BUT critical

c. Positive attitude towards change and new technology

d. Able to change roles and adapt to new roles with little difficulty

a. Initiate the needs and enthusiasm for changeb. Initiate awareness and explain the change’s

objectivesc. Diagnose customer’s needs and problemsd. Establish and strengthen relationship between

recipients and planners of innovatione. Organize and implement change’s activitiesf. Stabilize, sustain and maintain changeg. Develop a termination plan to terminate her/his

role as a change agent17

5. THE ROLE OF CHANGE AGENT

a. Statement of objectivesb. Statement of scope of workc. List of specificationsd. List of stakeholder valuationse. Logic diagram for key stagesf. Work breakdown structure for the key stagesg. Milestone scheduleh. Success factors their methods of measurementi. Bar chart for the key stagesj. Linear responsibility chart for the key stagesk. Approved budget statementl. Operating budget statement

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PROGRAM PREPARATION

19

ESTABLISHING A CONNECTIONCurrent Policy

Package:

Compulsory Schooling at Primary Level & KWAPM (Poor Students Trust Fund)

Lecture 7

And

Lecture 8

New Policy Draft:

Extending Compulsory Schooling to Secondary Level

By now you should have read Supplement 3 Prof Cir 14 2002 and

LO2 Lamp 2 SPB 1 2007

20

DISCUSSION

What are the factors that make children go to schools?

What do policy makes need to have in place to ensure

children go to schools?

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EVALUATION 3 (30%): GROUP ASSIGNMENT 3 – POLICY PLANNING

In a group of 4 persons, you are required to prepare an educational policy/strategic plan. Choose an educational problem of your interest to prepare the plan. You can use the strategic educational planning model to guide you in preparing the plan.

As a guide, each assignment must be reported in written form using Times New Roman, Font 12 and margin 1.5 with an estimated total of 5,000 words or 15 pages. Present your assigment in week 11 and Submit your assigment in week 12.

General Format For Policy Proposal

1. Title (5 marks)2. Elaboration on educational issue (background,

policy issue, data) (10 marks)3. Elaboration on why issue needs to addressed (10

marks)4. Detail of proposed plan to address issue (10 marks)5. Implication of plan ( financial, job positions,

politics, social etc) (10 marks)6. Short summary. (5 marks)

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