Wmdh ud¾.sl YlH;djh" ixúOdkhlg m%j¾:kh ùug we;s yelshdj iy Odß;djhhs' tys m%;sIaGdjka im, lr .ekSu yd bgq lr .ekSu i|yd fuh jeo.;a fõ' fjk;a f,ilska m%ldY lrkafka kï" fïjd iïm;a" l%shdldrlï yd l%shdmámdàka h' we;eï Wmdhud¾.sl YlH;djhka wkkHh w;r ;rÕldÍ jdis o imhhs' ^fcdkaika" 2008&ixúOdkhla i;= iïm;a iy ksmqk;djh(Competence) Wmdhud¾.sl YlH;djh $ yelshdj f,i oelaúh yelsh' iïm;a hkq ixúOdkhla i;=jk fyda b,a,d isáh yels j;alï(Assets) fõ' tajd" wm i;=j we;s oE fõ' YlH;djh hkq by; oelajQ iïm;a M,odhS f,i Ndú;d l< yels fyda fhoúh yels l%ufõohhs' tkï" wm isÿlrkafka fudkjdo hkakhs'

nexl=jlg" N+ñhla f.dvke.s,a,la fyda cd,uh ^f;dr;=re ;dlaIK& myiqlï ;sìh yelsh' YlH;djh hkq fuu iïm;a ksismßÈ Ndú;d lrñka mdßfNda.slhkag ukd fiajhla ,nd fok l%u iy l%shdj,shhs' ksoiqkla f,i" meh 24la ;=<oS fm!oa.,sl Khla wkqu; lrkafka flfiao@ .súi.;a mßÈ kj .sKqula úkdä 15 la ;=<oS újD; lsÍu wdÈh oelaúh yelsh'

mqoa.,hska úiska ixúOdkhlg ,nd fok M,odhs fiajdjka udkj iïm;a .Khg we;=,;a fõ' fuh wdh;kfha WmdhYS,s yelshdj i|yd w;HdjYH wx.hls'

• mqoa., m%udKh• l=i,;d moku• ixialD;sh• oekqu• ld¾H uKav, jHqyh yd ixúOdk jHqyh

ixúOdkhla i;= iïm;a

iïm;a" iamDIH iy wiamDIH wdo S jYfhka j¾.SlrKh l< yelsh'

;jÿrg;a fïjd wkqfldgia j,g fnÈh yelsh' fN!;sl iïm;a" udkj iïm;a" uQ,Huh iïm;a iy nqo aêuh iïm;a jYfhks'

nqoaêuh iïm;a i|yd WodyrK

ikakï" lS¾;skduh" .súiqï" fmagkaÜ ysñlu" n,m;%'

1'1 jHdmdrhkays iajNdjh

1'2 ixúOdkj, iajNdjh

1'3 ixúOdk mj;skafka wehs @

1'4 ixúOdk fjkia jkafka flfiao@

1'5 ixúOdk u.ska isÿ lrkq ,nkafka l=ulao @

,dNh wruqKq lr .;a : yóähd

,dNh wruqKq lr fkd.;a : Y%S ,xld jr,;a .KldêlrK wdh;kh'

fm!oa.,sl - fmf¾rd iy mq;%fhda iSñ; fm!oa.,sl (Pvt) iud.u ^fílß&'

rdcH - ld¾ñl ;dlaIKsl wdh;kh'

2.3.1 ffk;sl ;;ajh

2'3'2 iSudiys; iud.ï

2'3'3 iSñ; iud.ï j¾.

iSñ; iud.u - fmf¾rd iy mq;%fhda ^fílß& ,sñgâ'

iSñ; fmdÿ iud.ï - fi,dka nexl=j

2'3'4 iSñ; iud.ïj, jdis yd wjdis

2'4 rdcH wxYh

2'5 rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ^NGO&

fiaõ o Ñ,aârka wruqo," j¾,aâ úYka'

2'6 iuQmldr iñ;s iy fmdÿ iñ;s

Y%S ,xld mdßfNda.sl iuQmldr ixio taldnoao uKav,h'

2.4.1 rdcH wxYfha m%Odk ,CIKhka

2.4.2 rdcH wxYfha m%;s,dN

2.4.3 rdcH wxYfha ixúOdkhkays .eg¿

3'1 ksIamdos;$ NdKav

3.1.1 NdKavj, ,laIKhka

3.2 fiajd

3'3 wfkl=;a jákdlï msßkeuqu

4' j

Hdmdß

l$i

ïm;

a

5' jHdm

dr j

, w

kd.

; .

uk

a u.

5.1 jHdmdr yd tys wkd.;h

5.2 ksYaGdj$fufyjr hkq

5'2'1 oDIaÁh $oelau

5.3 fufyjr m%ldYh

5.4 ksYaGdjl ld¾hNdrh

5.5 wruqKq yd mrud¾: j, iajNdjh

5.6 ixúOdkuh mrud¾: msysgqùfï wruqK

5.7 mrud¾:hka yd Oqrdj,sh 5'7'1 m%d:ñl mrud¾:

5'7'2 oaú;shsl mrud¾: 5'7'3 iunr ,l=Kq m;sld m%fõYh 5.8 mrud¾: w;r yqjudrej

5'8'1 os.=ld,Sk yd fláld,Sk mrud¾:

ksIaGdj iy m%;sIaGdj

ksIaGdj : th ixúOdkhl WmdhYS,S wNsm%dh hs' tfukau wkd.;fha wfmalaIs; ;;ajhh s' th ljr fyda Wmdfhys olaIfhl= ^;u fiajlhka yeisrùug iu;a jQfjl=& jgd we;s wNs,dIhh s' we;eïúg fudyq wdh;kfha m%Odk úOdhl O Qrh ork ;eke;a;d úh yels w;r ixúOdkfha idudðlhka Yla;su;a lrñka Tj qkaf.a wjOdkh wod< b,lalhka fj; fhduq lrh s'^fcdkaika" 2008&

m%;sIaGdjfufyjr m%ldYkhl wru qK jkafka fiajd kshqla;slhkag iy .kqfokq lrejkag ixúOdkhl iuia; mrud¾: iy ÈYdk;sh meyeÈ,sj m%ldY lsÍuhs' ^fcdkaika" 2008& tys ksIaGdj idlaId;a lr.; yelafl a fï wdldrhgh'

ksIaGdj : m%cdj ;=, f.da,Sh fj<| wdo¾Y wdlD;shl a ùu - iqyo cd;sl ixj¾Okh'^ld¾.S,aia ^isf,daka& 2014$2015&

m%;sIaGdj : .%dóh m%cdjkag" wmf.a mdßfNda.slhkag iy i sh¨u .kqfokqldr Nj;=kag wmf.a m%Odk jHdmdrh - wdydr iu. wdorh iy wfkl=;a wdY%s; jHdmdr Ti afia fiajh lsÍu m%Odk u Q,O¾u ;=kla u; msysgd we;' Ôjk úhou wv qlsÍu" fh!jk l=i,;d jeä Èh qKq l sÍu" l,dmSh úIu;d bj;a lrñka foaYSh yd f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< jeä Èh qKq lsÍu' ^ld¾.S,aia ^isf,daka& 2014$2015&

Cargills (Ceylon) PLC ksIaGdj iy m%;sIaGdj

4.1 ixúOdkhl mj;akd iïm;a

4'2 fN!;sl iïm;a

4'3 udkj iïm;a

4'4 uq,H iïm;a

4'5 iïm;a ifudaodkh

mrud¾:

fïjd uqÿkamuqKqjd.; hq;= úfYaIs; m%ÓM, m%ldYhka h' ^fcdkaika" 2008&

´kEu jHdmdrhl" m%d:ñl wruqKq hkq m%;sIaGdj uqÿkamuqKqjd .ekSu i|yd fm<.ei S we;s È.=ld,Sk wruqKq jk w;r" fuu.ska ;u ÈYdj iy b,lal iDcqju mrdj¾;kh lrh s'

jHdmdrhl oaù;shsl mrud¾: uQ,sl mrud¾: uqÿkam;a lr.ekSu yd ne|S mj;S'

uQ,sl mrud¾:

15% ,dNêlhla

oaù;sl mrud¾:

fufyhqï úhoïj,ska 10% l m sßjeh wvqlr .ekSu'

15% l úlsKqï jeä lsÍu wdÈh u qÿkam;a lr .ekSu wruqKq fõ'

2'1 ,dN ,eîfï yd ,dN fkd,eîfï wruqK'

2'2 fm!oa.,sl wxYh yd rdcH wxYh

2'3 fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jdKsc jHdmdr ixúOdk

ixúOdkhl mj;akd iïm;a m s,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg

wu;rj my; igyk fj;o fhduqjkak'

mßÉfþoh 1 jHdmdr ixúOdk ye¢kaùu

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

mßÉfþoh 2.sKqïlrKfhys N+ñldj

1.1 .sKqïlrKh hkq l=ulao@

1.2 .sKqïj, wjYH;djh

1.3 uQ,H m%ldYk iy .sKqïlrK f;dr;=re Ndú;d lrk md¾Yjhka

1.4 .sKqïlrK f;dr;=rej, .=Kdx.hka

1.5 .sKqïlrK ld¾hfhys jHqyh

1.3.2 Ñria:dh’;djh iy tAldnoaO jd¾;d

2'1 uQ,H .sKqïlrKh yd l<ukdlrK .sKqïlrKh

2.2 f;dr;=re Ndú;d lsÍu

2'3 uQ,H l<ukdlrKh

2'4 ú.Kkh

2'5 wjodkï l<ukdlrKh

2'6 jHdmdr idl,Hlre

2'7 fjk;a fomd¾;fïka;= iy wxY

2.2.1 md,kh iy Ndrldr;ajh

2.4.1 wNHka;r ú.Kkh

1.3.1 jdK‘cuh fkdjk wdh;k

3.1 fjkiajk jev mßirh

3.2 kj ;dCIKhka

3.3 .Kldêldßjrfhl= i;=j ;sìh hq;= l=i,;d

3.4 .Kldëldßjrhdf.a N+ñldj

wf,úlrKh, ksYamdokh iy úlsKSfuka miq fiajdjka jeks wfkl=;a ld¾hka$Y%s;hka ms,sn|jo wOHhkh lrkfuka isiq isiqúhka yg Wmfoia

fokq ,efí'

3.4.1 idïm%odhsl N+ñldj ms<sn| úfõpk

3.4.2 uQ,H Y%s;h jHdmdßl iylrefjl= f,i

3.4.3 jHdmdßl iydhl wdlD;sfhys .eg¿

3.4.4 iajdëk jHdmdr iydhlfhl= f,i

.KldêldÍjrfhl=f.a N+ñldj'

20 jk ishji olajd .KldêldÍjrfhl=f.a N+ñldj f,c¾ ieiÿï iy wxl mÍlaIdjka yd iïnkaO ù ;sìK' flfia fj;;a" j¾;udkfha Tjqka úúO N+ñldjka $ ld¾hNdrhka bgq lrhs' tfuka u Tjqkaf.aa N+ñldj fndfyda YslaIKhkaf.ka wdjD; ù we;' ^Tiafnd¾ka" 2015&

wmg my; ld¾Hhka y÷kd .; yelsh'

uQ,H jd¾;dlrKh - iïmdolfhl=f.a N+ñldj #

.KldêldÍjrfhl=f.a m%Odk ksuejqï w;ßka tlla f,i uQ,Huh jd¾;d ye|skaúh yelsh' fm!oa.,sl fyda fmdÿ" ´kEu iud.ula uQ,H m%ldYkhla ms<sfh, lsÍu iy ksl=;a lsÍu wjYH fõ'

th iud.fï uQ,Huh m%:sM," uQ,Huh ;;a;ajh iy uQ,H m%jdyh" jHjia:dms; wjYH;d mßÈ meyeÈ,sj oelaúh hq;=h'

l<uKdlrK jd¾:dlrKh #

fuu jd¾;d ixúOdkhl fufyhqï l%shdj,shg iyh oSu i|yd fukau wNHka;r .kqfokqlrejka fjkqfjkao ilikq ,efí' fuys we;s wNsfhda.h kï jHdmdrhl .eíù we;s uQ,Huh m%ÓM, meyeÈ,s lrkq ,nk fufyhqï udkhka y÷kajd foñka tajd ksÍlaIKh lsÍuhs'

wNHka;r ú.Kk #

wNHka;r ú.Kk l%shdj,sfha oS m%d:ñlj i,ld n,kq ,nkafka" uQ,Huh jd¾;dlrK l%shdj,sfhys ljr ia:dkhka md,kh lrkafkao hkak iy kshñ; l%shdmámdáhla wkq.ukh lrñka ksjerÈ iy ld,dkqrEm uQ,H m%ldYkhla ,nd .kafka o hkakhs'

uQ,Huh fufyhqï wjOdkï úYaf,aIl $ fufyhqï j,oS wjOdkï úYaf,aIKh lrk l<uKdlrejka jHdmdrh ;=<oS" uq,Huh jd¾:d ieliSfïoS .sKqïlrk uDÿldx. m%Odk ld¾hla bgq lrhs' fuu mß.Kl .sKqïlrK moaO;s j, ffoksl fufyhqï j,oS wjOdku y÷kd.ekSu iy wjOdku l<uKdlrKh lsÍu iq,N wjYH;djhls'

.sKqïlrK f;dr;=re moaO;s ks¾udKh iy .sKqïlrK moaO;s l%shd lsÍu #

.sKqïlrK moaO;shla l%shd lrùu iïnkaOfhka we;eï

.KldêldÍjre úfYaIfhka mqyqKq ù we;' fïjd w;ska l%shdlrùu fyda m¾.Kl moaO;sh yryd fufyhùu isÿfõ' mß.Kl.; .sKqïlrK moaO;shla iuÕ .kqfokq lsÍfï oS" .KldêldÍjrhd l<uKdldÍ;ajh iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK úldil Ys,amSka w;r iïnkaOlh jYfhka l%shd lrhs' .KldêldÍjreka úiska l<uKdlrK wjYH;d mßj¾;kh lrk w;r tajd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK wxYhg wjfndaO lr.; yels fõ'

z.KldêldÍjrhdf.a N+ñldjZ ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg wu;rj my; igyk fj;o fhduqjkak'

jHdmdr f,dalh iy iïnkaO;djh # ^jHdmdr f,dalh yd cd,.; ùu& j¾;udkfha .KldêldÍjreka Tjqkaf.a iïnkaO;d yryd l¾udka;fha iy mßirfha we;s wNsfhda. iy wjia:d y÷kd.ksñka fuu wNsfhda.hka ys n,mEu iy flá ld,Sk iy È.= ld,Sk jYfhka jHdmdrhg we;s flá bv m%ia:d ms<sn|j by, l<ukdldÍ;ajhg oekqï oSu isÿ lrhs'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

2.3 t,agka udfhda ( udkj iïnkaO;d

1'3 l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh

1'1 l<ukdlrKh

3' ld¾hCIu;djh yd iM,odhs ;djh

1'4 l<ukdlrK j¾.SlrKh2.1 fykaß f*afhd,a( l<ukdlrKfha ld¾hhka my

2.2 t*a'ví,sõ' fÜ,¾ ( úoHd;aul l<ukdlrKh

2.4 l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| kq;k rplhka

1'2 ixúOdk l<ukdlrKh lsÍu

1'5 ixúOdklrKfha § l<ukdlrejl=f.a ld¾hNdrh

1'5'1 jev$ld¾hh ie,iqï lsÍu

1'5'2 m%fhdackj;a wdldrfhka iïm;a Wmfhdackh lr.kakd wdldrh ;lafiare lsÍu

2.3.1 kj udkj iïnkaO;d

2.1.1 f*afhd,af.a l<ukdlrK uQ,O¾u

1.4.1 by< l<ukdldÍ;ajh

1'4'2 uOH l<ukdldrs;ajh

1.4.3 lKsIAG l<ukdldrs;ajh

1.4.4 f¾Çh yd udKav,sl l<ukdldÍ;ajh

1'4'5 Y%s;Sh$ls%hdldß;ajh ms<sn| wêldrh

1'4'6 we.hqï Odrdfõ l<ukdlrejka $jákdlï m%jdy l<ukdlrejka

3.2 iM,odhs;djh i|yd moaO;s iïm;a m%fõYh

3.3 wNHka;r l%shdj,s m%fõYh

3.1 wd¾Ól msßueiqï" ld¾hCIu;djh yd iM,odhs;djh

3.4 wruqKq m%fõYh

2.5.1 l<ukdlrK ld¾hhka

2.5.2 l<ukdlrK l%shdj,s

1 l<ukdlrKfha wruqK yd l%shdj,sh

l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh

^frdìkaia" ã fikafida iy fld,ag¾" 2012&

l<uKdlrKfha m%Odk ld¾Hhhka tlsfkl yd iïnkaO fõ'

ie,iqïlrKh

iud.fï wruqKq j,ska bÈßh foi n,ñka isÿl< hq;= ld¾Hhka iy mrud¾: uqÿkam;a lsÍug l< hq;af;a fudkjdo hkak u; ;SrK .ekSu i|yd ie,iqïlrKh iïnkaO fõ' tmuKla fkdj ljqreka úiska ljr ld¾hhla isÿ lrhs o" th flfia isÿlrhso" ta i|yd fldmuK ld,hla .;fõo jeks iuyr ld¾Hhka ms<sn| úia;r o fuhg we;=,;a fõ'

fiajl uKav,h fyd a jHdmD;shla l<ukdlrKfhaoS fyd| ie,iqula tys ld¾hlaIu;djhg iy id¾:l;ajhg w;HdjYH fõ'

ixúOdkh

l<uKdlrKfhys ld¾hla jYfhka ixúOdkh yeÈkaúh yels w;r" l<ukdlrejka fuysoS Tjqkaf.a ish¿u iïm;a" m%cdj" WmlrK" uqo,a wdÈh iuuqyq¾; ^iïñY%Kh lrkjd) lsÍu werfUkafka fuysoSh' fuu iïm;a hï ld¾hhla fyda jHdmD;shla lsÍug tlfia jeo.;a fõ' yels;dlaÿrg ld¾hlaIuj iy M,odhSj fuu iïm;a ;%s;ajh Ndú;d lsÍu ms<sn|j iy;sl ùu l<ukdldrjrhdf.a j.lSuhs' ta wkqj b;d meyeÈ,s jkafka" ixúOdkh lsÍfuys moku jkafka ie,iqïlrKhhs'

kdhl;ajh

Okd;aul m%;sia:ïNkhka fjr.ekaùula&Ndú;d lrñka fiajlhkag iajhx - úYajdihla ,ndoSu' ta yryd ld¾h idOkh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu fuhg we;=,;a fõ' ld¾h idOkh w;HjYH jk w;r ta wkqj ie,iqï l< mßÈ ixúOdkhl wruqKq uqÿka muqKqjd .; yelsh'

md,kh

iuia; ie,iqug wkqj jev lghq;= isÿfõo hkak ms<sn| ksielj ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd md,kh WmldÍ fõ' l,ukdldÍjrfhl= f,i" ie,iqï l< mßÈ jev lghq;= isÿfõo hkak iïnkaOfhka Tn b;d mÍlaIdfjka wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'

jákdlï m%jdy iy jákdlï m%jdy l<ukdlrejka

mdßfNda.slhd wfmalaId lrk ksIamdokhla fyda fiajdjla ,ndoSu iïnkaOfhka wod< mshjr ud,djla we.hqï Odrdj hkqfjka ye|skafõ' fuu mshjrhka yd iïnkaO l,ukdlrejka l%ufõoh ;=< we;s kdia;sh wju lrñka ksIamdokhg fyda fiajdjg jákdlula tla l< hq;=h'

ndysr jYfhka fuu mshjr ud,dj wdrïN jkafka iemhqïlrejka iu. jk w;r th wjika jkafka mdßfNd a.slhkaf.ks' iemhqïlrejka iy mdßfNda.shka ixúOdkh ;=< we;s wNHka;r ld¾hkaj,oS( msß ieliqu" ksIamdokh" wf,úlrKh" fnodyeÍu" jeks mdßfNda.sl fiajd yd iïnkaO fõ

ixúOdkhla thg wjYH wuqøjH ndysr iemhqïlrejkaf.ka ,nd.ksñka tajd wNHka;r l%shdj,shla Tiafia wjika ksIamdokhla fyda fiajdjla njg m;a flfrk w;r tajd ndysr mdßfNda.slhka fj; m%Odkh lrhs'

wNHka;r l%shdj,sh wuqøjHhkag w.hla tl;= lrk w;r th wNsfm%aß; ksIamdokhla njg m;a lrhs' ke;fyd;a th wdh;kfhys mdßfNda.slhkaf.a fiajdjla njg m;a lrhs'

wNHka;r l%shdj,shg odhl jk l<ukdlrejka jákdlï m%jdy l<ukdlrejka jk w;r Tjqka jákdlula tl;= lrñka wNHka;r l%shdj,sh ;=<oS" wmf;a hdï kj;d,hs'

zl<ukdlrK l%shdj,shZ ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg wu;rj my; igyk

fj;o fhduqjkak' zwe.hqï Odrdfõ l<ukdlrejka $jákdlï m%jdy l<ukdlrejkaZ ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg wu;rj my; igyk

fj;o fhduqjkak'

fuu lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk .%ka:fhys m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

mßÉfþoh 3l<ukdlrKh ye¢kaùu

1.1 wd¾Ól úoHdj ks¾jpkh lsÍu iy tys úIh m:h

1.2 jHdmdr wd¾Ól úoHdj

2.1 ksIamdok idOl

2.2 idudkH NdKav iy nd, NdKav

2.3 .s*ka NdKav

2.4 fjí,ka NdKav

3.1 iïm;aj, ysÕlu

4.1 .sKqïlrK ,dNh

4.2 wd¾Ól ,dNh

3.2 ksIamdok yelshd udhsu

3.3 wdjiaÓl msßjeh( tla úl,am iïm;la fjkqjg fjk;a iïm;la mßyrKh lsÍfï msßjeh'

2.5 fmdÿ NdKav

2.5.2 fkdñf,a ,nd.; yels fiajdjkaf.a .eg¿

2.5.1 fmdÿ NdKav i|yd fldkafoais

mßÉfþoh 4jHdmdr wd¾Ól úoHdj ye¢kaùu

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

“idudkH NdKav iy wn,s ^nd,& NdKav'” ms,sn|j WodyrKhla weiqßka rEm igyfka i|yka mßos ;jÿrg;a úia;r flf¾.

“.s*ka NdKav” ms<sn|j rEm igykla Ndú;fhka ;jÿrg;a úia;r flf¾.

wd¾Ól iïm;a ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg wu;rj my; rEm igykA fj;o fhduqjkak'

“fjí,ka NdKav” ms<sn|j rEm igykla Ndú;fhka ;jÿrg;a úia;r flf¾.

4.4 mdßfNda.sl ;d¾lsl;ajh ms<sn| Wml,amk

1.1 ixúOdk i|yd moaO;s m%fõYh

1.2 moaO;s iSudj iy tys mßirh

2.3 fmdÿ mßirh

4.4.1 uQ, ixLHd Wmfhda.s;djh

2.1 wNHka;r mßirh

1.3 ixjD; yd újD; moaO;s

1.4 mßKduKh jk moaO;shla jYfhka jHdmdr

1.5 we,aue;s md¾Yjhka

moaO;shl uQ,sl ieliqu $ jHQyh

w' fhojqïwe' l%shdj,sh ^l%shdhkh&

wE' ksuejqï

ixjD; moaO;s

mßirfhka fhojqula fkdue;s úg mßirhg

ksujqulao ke;

2.2 ld¾h mßirh

ixúOdkd;aul mßirh

ixúOdkd;aul mßirhl lrk mq¿,a j¾.SlrKhloS ia:r 3 la y÷kd.; yel'

^1& wNHka;r mßirh^2& iQËu $ ld¾h mßirh

^3& id¾j $ idudkH mßirh

2.4 Rcq yd jl% l%shdldÍ mßirh

id¾j mßirh" idudkH mßirh f,i ye|skaúh yelsh' fuu mßirh iEu l¾udka;hlgu fmdÿh'

tjeks wd¾Ólhla ;=<oS l%shd;aul jk ish,q l¾udka;hkag" foaYmd,ksl iy ffk;sluh uKAv,hla .kq ,nk ;Skaÿ iy ;SrK Okd;aul fyda iDKd;aulj n,mEula t,a, lrkq ,nhs'

fufia" wd¾Óluh" iudc-ixialD;sl" ;dCIKsl jeks wfkl=;a idOlo tjeks wd¾Ól mßirhla ;=< l%shd;aul jk l¾udka;Yd,d j,g n,mE yelsh' id¾j mßir úYaf,aIKh jeo.;a jkafka ixúOdkhlg ta iïnkaOfhka lsisÿ md,khla fkdue;s neúkss' tu ksid ixúOdkhla ld¾hlaIu iy M,odhSj l<uKdlrKh lsÍu i|yd fjkialï iy m%jK;d ms<sn| wjfndaOh jeo.;a fõ'

rch úiska ixia:dksl nÿ by, ouhs kï" ish,q ixúOdkj,g th ffk;sl wdldrfhka n,mdhs'

2.5 iQCIu yd id¾j mßirhka

4.1 fj<|fmd<la hkq l=ulao@

4.2 ñ, kHdh iy fj<|fmd<

4.3 Wmfhda.S;djh4.4.2 l%uiQpl Wmfhda.S;djh

3.1 iQCIu mßirfhys uQ,sldx.

w;rueÈlrejka $ fnodyßkakkA

ixúOdk" w;rueÈlrejka f;dard .kq ,nkafka" mdßfNda.slhka fj;g m%fõY ù Tjqkaf.a ksIAmdok fnodyeÍughs' tfukau ixúOdk mdßfNda.slhka fj; w;rueÈlrejka fkdue;sjo m%fõY fõ' fuu w;rueÈlrejka is,a,r wf,úlrejkA fyda f;d. wf,úlrejka úh yelsh'

my; rEm igyk u.ska" w;rueÈlrejkaf.a wjYH;djh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

iQCIu yd id¾j mßirhka ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg wu;rj my; igyk fj;o fhduqjkak'

iQCIu mßirfhys uQ,sldx. ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg wu;rj my; igyk fj;o fhduqjkak'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

mßÉfþoh 5iQCIu wd¾Ól idOl

3.4 mqyq w,dN

1.15 b,a u" ú,dis;d iy wfmalaIKh

1.13 fj<|fmd< b,a u iy wdodhï jHdma;sh

1.11 ñ, b,a ï kuH;djh flfrys n,mdkq ,nk idOl

1.1 b,a ï ixl,amh

mßÉfÊoh 6b,a u" iemhqu iy fj<|fmd<

iu;=,s;h

1.7 WodyrK( ,laIH ñ, b,a ï kuH;djh

1.9 b,a fuys yria ñ, kuH;djh

1.5 ñ, b,a ï kuH;djh

1.3 fj<|fmd< b,a ï jl%h4.1 isoaêh WodyrKh

4.2 úYaf,aIKh

4.3 ñ, ix{djla jYfhka

3.1 ñ, hdka;%Kfhys ld¾hhka

3.2 ñ, hdka;%Kh iy iu;=,s; ñ,

3.3 mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;h iy ksIamdolhdf.a w;sßla;h

mQ¾K ;rÕldÍ wdh;khla ;=< mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;h ^;SrKh jQ fj<|m, ñ, P hgf;a& CJP fõ' kuq;a taldêldÍ wdh;khla P1 ñ, fj<|mf,a mj;ajdf.k hk w;r túg taldêldrh hgf;a mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;h CHP1 fõ'

mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;h iy mqyq w,dNh

mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;fhka .s,sfyk fldgi jk HIJ mqyq w,dNh fõ' tkï taldêldrh hgf;a iïmQ¾K ,dNh ysñ fkdùu ksidh'mdßfNda.slhka f.ùug iQodkï ñ,g idfmalaIj wvq ñ,loS fj<|fmd, ñ, mej;Su mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;h fõ'

2.1 iemhqï ixl,amh

2.2 iemhqï jl%h

2.3 flá ld,Sk iemhqï jl%h

1.6 WodyrK( pdm b,a ï kuH;djh

2.4 È.= ld,Sk iemhqï jl%h

2.5 iemhqï m%udKh ;SrKh lsÍfuys,d n,mdkq ,nk idOl

2.6 iemhqï jl%fhys ú;eka úu

2.7 ñ, iemhqï kuH;djh

2.8 iemhqï kuH;djh flfrys n,mdkq ,nk idOl

1.2 b,a ï f,aLkh iy b,a ï jl%h

1.4 wdfoaYl iy wkqmqrl

1.8 wdodhï b,a ï kuH;djh

1.10 b,a fuys m%pdrK kuH;djh

1.12 mdßfNda.sl wdodhu iy b,a u ( idudkH NdKav iy nd, NdKav

1.14 b,a ï jl%fhys ú;eka ùu

1.11.4 ld, mrdih

1.11.5 ñ,§ .ekSfï mqreÿ

1.11.3 w;HjYHh nj

1.11.2 wdfoaYlj, iq,N;djh

1.11.1 wdodhfuka" NdKavh i|yd úhoï lrk ,o m%;sY;h

mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;h iy mqyq w,dNh ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg wu;rj my; igyk fj;o fhduqjkak'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

5.1.1 mdßfNda.sl NdKav fj<|m,5.1.2 ld¾ñl fyda B2B (Business to Business) fj<|m,5.1.3 wdh;ksl mdßfNda.sl p¾hdj

5.1.4 ;SrK .ekSfï tallh5.1.5 jHdmdrj, fyda rdcH ñ,g .kakkaf.a

wNsfm%arK ñY%h i|yd n,mdk idOl

6 iemhqïlrejka iy fnodyßkakka

2 ;

rÕ

ldÍ

n,fõ

.

iemhqïlrejka j¾.

úúOdldrfh a iemhqïlrejka ^iemhqïlrejka j¾.& isà'

ksoiqka(

ksIamdolhka

iemhqï odufha m%Odk uQ,dY%hl a f,i ye|skafõ' fuu iud.ï m¾fh aIK mj;ajk w;r" ksIamdok jeä ÈhqKq l sÍu yd NdKav ksIamdokh isÿ lrh s' fujeks fiajd iemhqïlrejkaf.ka jvd fyd| ñ,la ,nd.ekSu l< yelsh' tu ksid fuh jvd;a fyd| m%Njhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'

f;d. iemhqïlrejka iy fnod yßkakka

fojk uQ,dY%h jk fuh u.ska olajkafka iud.ï f;d. jYfhka ksIamdolhkaf.ka ñ,oS .ekSï isÿ lrh s' úYd, f;d. .nvdj,ska NdKav kej; wf,ú lsÍula isÿ lrhs' l=vd foaYSh fnodyßkakkag ^f;d. fyda is,a,r fjf<kaokag& tu fnodyßkakka yd f;d. fjf<kaokao úYd, m%udKfhka NdKav iemh Sula ixúOdk yd rdcH fomd¾;fïka;=j,g lrhs'

wdkhk yd wmkhklrejka

fudjqka ksIam dolhkaf.ka tla rgloS ksI amdok ñ,oS .ekSu iy tajd fjk;a rgl fnodyßkafkl=g wmkhkh lrhs' tfiau fjk;a rgl wdkhklrefjl=f.ka ;u rgg NdKav wdkhkh lsÍuo fudjqka i sÿ lrhs' tfiau iuyr mqoa.,hka wod< iemhqïlrejkaf.ka NdKav ñ,oS .ekSug úfoaY rgj, ixpdrh l sÍuo isÿ lrh s'

ksoyia Ys,amSka

fudjqka idudkHfhka ksIamdolhka jk w;r Tjqka úiska ks¾udKh lrñka l=vd mßudKfha NdKav ksI amdokh lrhs' tajd fndfyda úg iDcqj i s,a,r wf,úlrejka yryd úlsKSu fyda wjika mdßfNda.slhd f,i ksfhdað;hl= fyda fj<| m%o¾Ykhla úh yelsh'

;rÕldÍ n,fõ. ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg wu;rj my;

igyk fj;o fhduqjkak'

iemhqïlrejka f;aÍu ms,sn|j wOHhk .%ka:fha i|yka lr we;s wka;¾.;hg

wu;rj my; igyk fj;o fhduqjkak'

fmdag¾f.a mxp n,fõ. wdlD;sh

wdfoaYl;ajfhka we;sjk ;¾ck

cx.u ÿrl:k ikaksfõokh i|yd wdfoaYlhla f,i uqyqKg uqyqK,d isÿ flfrk yuqùï isÿ lrhs' fuh Ôjk rgdfõ úúO fya;+ka u; ld,h jehjk" iu wmyiq ld¾hhla úh yels neúka fuu l¾udka;h ;=<oS wdfoaYl;ajh ksid we;sjk ;¾ck my, w.hla .kS'

kj m%fõYjkakkaf.ka isÿjk ;¾ck

l¾udka;hla ;=<g m%fõYùug lsisÿ n, lsÍula fyda ndOdjla fkdue;s kï" túg kj m%fõYjkakka j¾;udk ;rÕlrejka yd iïnkaO fõ' túg fuu kj m%fõYjkakka iemhqï by< oeóu iy oekg isák ;rÕlrejkaf.a ,dNh i|yd n,mEula we;súh yelsùu" l¾udka;h wdl¾IKSh fkdúh yelsh' kuq;a Y%S ,dxlSh ikao¾Nfhys fg,sfldï l¾udka;h ;=< ;rÕlrejka 5 fofkl= isák neúka kj ;rÕlrejkag we;sjk ;¾ck wju úh yelsh'

( 2008 ys oS ;rÕlrejka 4 la iy 2009 ckjdßfhysoS —thd¾fg,a kj ;rÕlrefjl= jYfhkao tlaúh' Tjqkg m%fõY ndOl jk n,m;% .dia;= iy há;, myiqlï msßjeh jeks ndOl uevmj;ajd .ekSug yelsúh'

mßÉfPaoh 7;rÕlrejka" mdßfNda.slhska

iy iemhqïlrejka

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

ñ,g .kakkaf.a flaj,a lsÍfï n,h

ñ,oS .kakkayg cx.u ÿrl:k ikaksfõok fiajd imhkakka w;r udreùug jeä ksoyila ysñ fõ' wo Tn tla iemhqïlrefjl=f.ka tla ÿrl:k wxlhla Ndú;d l< yels w;r Tng fjk;a fiajd iemhqïlrefjl=f.ka fjk;a oqrl:k in|;djhla ,nd .; yelsh' fiajd iemhqïlrejka úúO jQ wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. y÷kajdoSu iy Ndú;d lsÍu isÿ lrhs'

ksoiqk( ÿrl:k + meflac" w.h u; tl;= l< fiajd

;ju;a" ñ,g .kakkaf.a ^.ekqïlrejkaf.a&flaj,a lsÍfï n,h (bargaining) by< w.hla .kS'

iemhqïlrejkaf.a flaj,a lsÍfï n,h

úÿ,s ixfoaYk l¾udka;fhys WmlrK iemhqïlrejka fuhg ksoiqkla jYfhka .; yelsh' fuys úfYaIs; WmlrKhlaùu fya;=fjka iemhqïlrejka flaj,a lsÍfï n,h by< w.hla .kakd neúka ixúOdkhkag fuu iemhqïlrejka u; /|S isàug isÿjkafka fuu úfYaISlrKh lrk ,o NdKavh imhkafka iSñ; iemhqïlrejka ixLHdjla jk neúks'

iemhqïlrejka" úfYaIfhkau Tjqka wuqøjH imhhs kï ´kEu ixúOdkhla ;=< Tjqka b;d jeo.;a N+ñldjla bgq lrhs' fndfyda ixúOdk ;=< wuqøjH wiSñ;j .nvd l< yels myiqlï fkdue;s neúka Tjqkag iemhqïlrejkaf.ka jßkajr fiajh ,nd.ekSu iïnkaOfhka Tjqka flfrys úYajdih ;nd.ekSug wjYH fõ'

iemhqïlrefjl= f;dard.ekSug fmr m%Yak lsysmhlg ms<s;=re ,nd.; hq;= fõ'

lS¾;skduh" iemhqïlrejkaf.a wfkl=;a mdßfNda.slhka ljqo" hkaf;%damlrKj, iy øjHhkaj, we;s .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh" kshñ; ld,hg wjika l< yelsùï iïnkaOj we;s m<mqreoao iy NdKavj, ñ, ms<sn|j mÍlaId l< hq;=h'

mj;akd ;rÕldÍ;ajfhys we;s ;¾ck

Y%S ,xldfõ fg,sfldï l¾udka;h fï i|yd jvd;a iqÿiq ksoiqkls' ta ;=< ñ, ;rÕh" oekaùïlrK ;rÕhka" úl=Kqï m%j¾Ok lghq;=" mdßfNda.slhka wdl¾IKh lr.ekSu i|yd isÿ lrhs' mj;akd ;rÕldÍ;ajfhka we;sjk ;¾ck by< w.hla .kS'

mQ¾K ;r.ldÍ;ajfhA n,mEu wjfnd AO lr.ekSu fj;o fhduqùu

wjjdod;Aul fõ.

1.1 uq¿ msßjeh

1.2 uq¿ msßjeh jl%fhys nEjqï

1.3 wdka;sl msßjeh

2.1. uq¿ wdodhï jl%h

2.2 ,dN Wmßudhk ,CIHh

2.3 úúO fj<|fmd<j,a ;=,§ ,dN Wmßu lsÍu

2.4 mQ¾K ;rÕh - flá ld,Sk fj<|m,

2.5 mQ¾K ;rÕh - È.= ld,Sk iu;=,s;;djh

2.6 taldêldrhl" ,dN Wmßu lsÍfï iu;=,s;h

2.7 taldêldÍ ;rÕhl ,dN Wmßu lsÍfï iu;=,s;h

2.8 l;smhdêldÍ iy jHdj¾;s; b,a ï jl%h2.9 l;smhdêldrfhys ,dN Wmßu

lsÍu

2.2.1 rEm igyk

2.2.3 ,dN Wmßu jk ,laIHfha§ wdka;sl wdodhu" wdka;sl msßjehg iu fõ

2.2.2 ,dN Wmßu lsÍfï ,CIHfhys m%ia;dßl ú.%yh

mßÉfþoh 8msßjeh" wdodhu iy M,odhl;ajh

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

2.6.1 hqfrdamSh ix.uh

PEST úYaf,aIKh

fuu úYaf,aIKh Tiafia foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól" idudÔh iy ;dlaIKsl idOl" ish,qu ixúOdkhkag fmdÿ jk nj;a fïjd ixúOdkhla ;=< md,khlska f;drj mj;sk nj;a i|yka lrhs' fuu úYaf,aIKh u.ska ixúOdkhlg mßirfhys we;s wjia:d iy ;¾ck y÷kd.eksug WmldÍ fõ'

foaYmd,k idOl

ksoiqk( rfgys ó<Õ ue;sjrKh ms<sn| ld, jljdkqj" fuh j¾;udk jHdmdrhl m%;sm;a;s i|yd n,mEï lrhso@kj kS;s iïmdokhla fyda fjkia lsÍï b;d blaukska wkqu; lrhso@ fuu fjkialï ksid uf.a ixúOdkhg lsishï .eg¨jla we;s fõo@GSP+ noao wmf.a wmkhk NdKavj,ska bj;a lsÍug w;aika lsÍu" wmf.a ksIamdokj,g w.h u; tl;= l< weÕ¿ï ,dNodhSùu jeks ;;a;ajhla we;s úh yelsh' fuu ;;ajh wmkhk fCIa;%fha kï lrk ,o MAS fyd a,aäka.aia" yhsv%dukS" n%ekaälaia jeks wdh;k j,g n,mEï lrhso@ kuq;a fï w;r;=roS kj w.h u; tl;= l< noao (VAT) ish,qu ixia:dksl iy wdkhklrejkag n,mEï l< yels neúka Tjqkaf.a msßjeh jHQyh" fuu w.h u; tl;= l< nÿ wvx.= ùu fya;=fjka m%;sfYd aOkhg ,lal< hq;=h'

wd¾Ól idOl

ksoiqk(wd¾Ól j¾Okh" ia:úl ^j¾Okh fkdjk& fyd a my; neiSula isÿfõo@, jeh l< yels wdodhug isÿjk n,mEï uÜgu', jegqma iy fõ;k j, uÜgu@, ú/lshd w.h@, fuu fjkialï fya;=fjka udf.a ixúOdkhg lsishï n,mEula isÿfõo@, fuu idOl iDcqj fyda jl%j ixúOdkhg n,mEï lrhs' NdKav j¾.h u; mokï j .kqfokqlrejka $ mdßfNda.slhka Tjqkaf.a jeh l< yels wdodhug(disposable income) wkqj Tjqkaf.a ñ,oS .ekSfï mßfïhlr;dh $ ifya;=l lsÍu(Rationalizing) ^;d¾lSlrKh&isÿ lrhs' wfkla w;g" Tn kj iud.ula wdrïN lr we;akï" ú/lshdj b;d by< w.hla .kS kï" Tng fydo fiajlhka wdl¾IKh lr .ekSug yels fõ ^.=Kd;aulj iy m%udKd;aulj&'

iudc - ixialD;sl idOl

ksoiqk( ck.yKh ms<sn|j ck.yk úoHdj u; idOl - jhi jeks idOl" jrkhka" reÑl;ajh" fi!LH ;;a;ajh" Tnf.a ixúOdkhg n,mEï lrhs o@wd.ñl úYajdihka" wdl,am iy iudc ;yxÑ" Ôjk rgdfõ úIu;d ms<sn| Tn ie,ls,su;a fkao@ fuu fjkialï fya;=fjka udf.a ixúOdkhg .eg¨jla we;sfõo@j¾;udk m%jk;djhg wkqj f,dal ck.ykh iy Y%S ,xldfõ ck.yKh jhia .;ùu" Tnf.a Y%u n,ldh ks¾udKh $ ilia lsÍu iy ixúOdkh fnodyßk ksIamdok i|yd n,mEï lrhso@ksoiqk( meyem;a nj we;s lrk fkdfhla wf,amkj,g we;s b,a u wvq ù /,s jeàï ke;s lrk wdf,amkj,g we;s b,a u jeäùu.

;dlaIKsl idOl

ksoiqk( ;dlaIKfha fjki" kj ;dlaIKh y÷kajdoSuTn Tfí ;rÕlrejkag fmr kj ;dlaIKh mßyrKh lr ;sfío@ fuu fjkialï fya;=fjka udf.a ixúOdkhg .eg¨jla $ n,mEula we;s fõo@;dlaIKsl ì,am;a fjkialï isÿ fõ kï ld¾.s,aia wdh;khg ljr n,mEula isÿúh yelso@ mdßfNda.slhkaf.a myiqj i|yd iajhx mßlaId lsÍfï ljq¿ iú lsÍu' túg uqo,a whleñhka ixLHdj wvqùu isÿfõ' ld¾.s,aia ixúOdk jHQyh fjkiafõo@ ixúOdkh ;dlaIKsl fjkialïj,g wkqj¾;kh úh hq;=h' Tng ATM myiqlï fkdue;s nexl=jla ms<sn|j Wml,amkh l< yelso@ j¾;udkfha wka;¾cd, nexl= ^Tka,hska nexl=& i|yd wkqn, oSu isÿjk w;r fuu ;;a;ajh fiajl ixLHdjg fukau mdßfNda.sl ;Dma;su;aNdjhgo oS¾>ld,Sk n,mEï we;s lrhs'

2.5 foaYmd,ksl wjodku yd foaYmd,ksl fjkiaùu

2.4 rchg n,mEï lsÍu

2.3 rdcH n,mEu

2.2 foaYmd,ksl yd ffk;sl mßirh

2.1 foaYmd,ksl mßirh

3.4 iudc wd¾Ól ;;ajh" wdodhu yd Okh

2.6.2 f,dal fj<| ixúOdkh

6.1 fjkiajk f.da,Sh mßirh

4.1 ixialD;sl Wmk;Skaj, n,mEu

4.2 fi!LH yd wdydr .eg¿

4.3 jHdmdr flfrys fi!LH yd wdydr mqreÿj, n,mEu

5.1 ixúOdk jHqyh

2.6 wka;¾cd;sl fj<|du

6.2 f.da,ShlrKfha wdrïNh

6.3 jHdmdrfha msßjeh flfrys f.da,ShlrKfha we;s n,mEu

6.4 ksIamdok f.da,ShlrKh lsÍfï Ndú;h

6.5 m%d.aOk fj<|fmd< f.da,ShlrKh

5.1.1 Wia yd me;,s ixúOdk

5.1.2 ixúOdk jHqyh yd f;dr;=re moaO;

5.2 ixúOdk flfrys f;dr;=re ;dCIKfha we;s wfkl=;a n,mEï

5.3 f;dr;=re ;dCIKh yd fiajl$fiajH iïnkaO;dj

5.2.1 p¾hdkq.; l%shdj,slrKh5.2.2 ixLHdxl f;dr;=re iy jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu5.2.3 /lshd ms<sn| .eg¿

5.2.4 ;dCIKsl fjki

5.2.5 mdßfNda.sl fiajd5.2.6 f;dr;=re fj<|fmd<j,a

5.2.7 ikaksfõokfha j¾Okh

4 i

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1.1 id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdfõ

iajNdjh

1.2 wdodhï yd úhoï m%jdy

1.3 wdodhfuys jl% m%jdyfhys ú§ï

iy .s,sySï

2.5 mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;s cd;sl wdodhu

2.6 WoaOukSh wka;r

2.7 WodyrKh

2.8 wjOuk mr;rh

2.9 ksYap,k WoaOukh

2.10 idrdxYh

2.4 iudydr b,a u yd iemhqï iu;=,s;h

2.3 iudydr iemhqu yd b,a u

2.2 cd;sl wd¾Ólfha .=Klh

2.1 idOlj, jeo.;alu

2.3.2 iudydr iemhqu

2.3.1 iudydr b,a u

2.3.3 iudydr b,a fuys ú;eka ùu

5.2.1 wdodhu yd Okh m%;sjHdma;sh5.2.2 f.jqï fYaI m%;súmdlh

5.2.3 uqof,a jákdlï yd ñ, uÜgïj, wúksYaÑ;;djh

5.2.4 iïm;a msßjefhys ñ, WÉpdjphkh5.2.5 wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd wdfhdackh

5.4.2 msßjefhka ;,a jQ WoaOukh5.4.3 wdkhk msßjeh idOl5.4.4 WoaOukh yd wfmaCIKhka

5.4.5 uqo,a iemhqfuys j¾Okh

5.4.1 b,a fuka weÿkq WoaOukh

6.1 fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh

6.2 fiajd úhqla;sfha m%;sM,hka

6.3 fiajd úhqla;shg n,mdk fya;=

6.4 fiajd kshqla;sh ms<sn|

rcfha m%;sm;a;Ska

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8.1.1 *sial,a yd uQ,H m%;sm;a;s

10.4.1 fmd<S wkqmd;hka by<kexùfuka we;sjk wfkl=;a n,mEï

Y=oaO cd;sl ksIamdos;h NNP

NNP ^Y=oaO cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h& = o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ^GDP& + úfoaYSh Y=oaO foam< wdodhu - ia:djr j;alï mßfNdackh iy cd;sl iïm;a laIh ùu

GNP = GDP + úfoaYSh Y=oaO foam< wdodhu

NNP = GNP - ia:djr j;alï mßfNdackh iy cd;sl j;alï laIh ùu

fjk;a jpkj,ska m%ldY lrkafka kï" NNP ^Y=oaO cd;sl ksIamdokh& hkq rgl j;alï u.ska ksIamdokh lrk ,o NdKav yd fiajdj, iuia: jákdlu ^o< w.h& u.ska tu NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokfhaoS Ndú;d l< j;alïj, laIhùu wvq l< úg ,efnk jákdluhs'

mßÉfÊoh 10id¾j wd¾Ól mßirh

uqo,a iemhqu" WoaOukh iy fmd,S wkqmd;slh w;r iïnkaO;djh

by; ud;Dldj hgf;a —uqo,a iemhqu iy fmd,S wkqmd;slh w;r iïnkaO;djh : Y%S ,xldj ;=< wdkqN+;sl úu¾Ykh˜ - wd¾' iS' mS' moauisß iy ´'mS' ohdr;ak úiska isÿ l< m¾fhaIKh.

Tjqkaf.a ks.ukhka Wmqgd.ekSula my;ska oelafõ'

m¾fhaI;d ixlafIamh

fuu wOHhkfhka uqo,a iemhqu iy fmd,S wkqmd; w;r iïnkaO;djh ms<sn| mßlaId lrhs' wkdjrKh lr.;a f;dr;=rej,g wkqj w;sßla; uqo,a iemhqu iy b;=reï ;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd;h w;r iDKd;aul $ ksfIaOd;aul iïnkaOhla o wu;r uqo,a iemhqï iy È.= ld,fha ia:djr ;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd; w;r Okd;aul in|;djhla we;' ;jÿrg;a fuu m¾fhaIKfha ks.ukh u.ska *sI¾ n,mEu iy øjYS,s;d n,mEu hkafkys w¾:h i;Hhkh lrhs' ta wkqj uqo,a iemhqu iy b;sßlsÍï fmd,S wkqmd;h w;r oS¾>ld,Sk mriamr iïnkaO;djhla meje;s njo iaÓr ;ekam;= wkqmd;slhka iy uqo,a iemhqu w;r Okd;aul in|;djhla we;s njo meyeÈ,s fõ' *sI¾ n,mEug wkqj fhdackd lrkafka uqo,a iy fmd,S wkqmd;sl w;r Okd;aul in|;djhla we;s njhs' fmd,S wkqmd; by< oeóug wjYH kï l< hq;af;a uqo,a j¾Okfha wkqmd;hka by< oeóuhs' *sI¾ iólrKh u.ska kdñl fmd,S wkqmd;h(nominal interest rate)" uQ¾: fmd,S wkqmd;h (real interest rate) yd wfmalaIs; WoaOuk wkqmd;h (expected rate of inflation) hk fofla tl;=jg È.= ld,fha iudk nj olajd ;sfí'

uQ¾: fmd,S wkqmd;h = kdñl fmd,S wkqmd;h - ñ, WoaOuk wkqmd;h

uqo,a iemhqu by< hdu" wfmalaIs; WoaOuk wkqmd;h by< hdug fya;=fõ' *sI¾g wkqj wfmalaIs; WoaOuk wkqmd;h by< hkúg" ia:djr ;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd;h o by< hhs' tu ksid ia:djr ;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd;h" uqo,a iemhqu iy wfmalaIs; WoaOuk wkqmd;h iïnkaOfhka b;d ixfõoS fõ'

w;sßla; uqo,a iemhqu u.ska jdKsc nexl=j, øjYS,;d n,h(liquidity power) by< hdug fya;= fõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys jHjia:dms;j fjka l< wjYH;d(Statutory reserve requirement) (SRR) ^jHjiA:dms; ixÑ; wjYH;d& u.ska by< hk øjYS,;d n,h md,kh l< yels fõ'

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j Tjqkaf.a SRR by< oeóuloS jdKsc nexl= Tjqkaf.a b;sßlsÍfï fmd,S wkqmd; my< oeóu isÿ lrhs'

ta wkqj wmg ks.uk l< yelafla w;sßla; uqo,a iemhqu iy Y%S ,xldfõ b;sß lsÍfï fmd,S wkqmd; w;r iDKd;aul in|;djhla we;s njhs' fuh jeäÿr mßYS,kh i|yd http://www.pdn.act/econ/persweb/proceeding fj; msúfikak'

4 n,h" wêldrh iy j.lSu

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2.1.1 Wml%ñl ie,iqïlrKh

1.1 ie,iqï

1.2 ie,iqïlrKfha wjYH;d

1.3 ie,iqïlrKh iy md,k pl%h

1.4 úêu;a ie,iqï moaO;shl jdis

1.5 M,odhS ie,iqïlrKh i|yd jk ndOd

wêldrh iy n,h

wêldrh" yelshdj jYfhkao i|yka l< yelsh' tla ;k;=rl isàfuka mqoa.,fhl=g ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdj iy Tyqg jd¾;d lrk mqoa.,hka iïnkaOfhka ksfhda. ksl=;a lsÍfï n,ho ysñfõ' wfkla w;g n,h" n,mEï lsÍug o fhdod .; yelsh' l<ukdldrjrfhl=g Tyq fyda wehf.a Wmfiaùhhkag (Subordinate) n,mEï lsÍug yelshdj ,efí' fuu n,h Tyq fyda wehf.a ;k;=r yryd cks; fõ' <ufhl= Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a fouõmshkag n,mEï l< yels jqjo tysoS Tyq fyda wehg tu n,mEï isÿ l< yelafla orejdg wêldÍ;ajhla ysñùu ksid fkdfõ' tneúka ixúOdkhl isák mqoa.,hka Tjqka i;=j wêldß;ajhla fkdue;s jqjo Tjqkg n,hla y sñúh yelsh'

wêldrh iy j.lSu

wêldrh hkq ld¾hhla bg qlsÍu fyd a mqoa.,fhl=g th isÿ lsÍug mejÍu yd th isÿfõhehs wfmalaId lsÍu fõ' tneúka wêldrh hkq fm!oa.,sl ysñldß;ajhla fõ' tfukau j.lSu hkq" mqoa.,fhl= fyd a Ty qf.a /lshdj fyda Y%s;h iïnkaOj we;s ne|Suls' tuksid wêldrhla iys; mqoa.,hkago Tjqkaf.a wêldÍuh wjldYh hgf;a isák mqoa.,hka iïnkaOfhka j.lSula ysñ fõ'

j.ùu iy j.lSu

j.ùu hkafkka woyia jkafka lsishï fohla iïnkaOfhka ^mejfrk ld¾hhka iïnkaOfhka& j.lsj hq;= ùu muKla fkdj" Tnf.a j.lSï bgq lsÍug wod< Tnf.a ish,qu l%shdldrlï iïnkaOfhkao j.lsj hq;= ùuhs' ;uka isÿ lrk ld¾Hhka ms<sn|j W;a;r ne|Sug ne|s isàu j.ùu fõ' hï ld¾Hhla wjika j Q miq fyda wjika ùug fmr tu ld¾Hh ;=< mqoa.,hd r|jd .ekSu fï ;=<ska isÿ fõ'

2.3.1 ;d¾lsl ie,iqïlrK wdlD;sh

2.1.2 os.=ld,Sk ie,iqïlrKfha jákdlu

2.10.1 .s kq msßjeh

2.10.2 lemjqKq msßjeh

2.10.3 l,ams; msßjeh

2.10.4 w;S; msßjeh

mjrdoSu

—mjrdoSu˜ u.ska" jev wëlaIljrekaf.a iy l<ukdlrejkaf.a jev m%udKh wvqùula isÿ fõ' kuq;a mjrdoSu isÿ l< hq;af;a flfiao@ wëlaIljreka $ l<ukdlrejka úiska Tjqkaf.a jev mejÍug fmr fï iïnkaOfhka ms<s;=re iemhSug W;aiql úh hq;=h'

Tn Tfí hg;a fiajl uKav,h úYajdi lrkjdo@ we;eï wëlaIljreka $ l<ukdlrejka úYajdi lrk mßÈ hg;a fiajlhkag fyd|ska jev mejÍula isÿ lrkafka kï iy th ksishdldrj bgq fkdfõ kï wjidkfhaoS Tjqka ta iïnkaOfhka j.lsjhq;= njhs'

Tn Tnj úYajdi lrkafkao@ we;eï wjia:dj,oS wëlaIljrekag $ l<ukdlrejkag Tjqkag jvd b;d fyd|ska ld¾hhka isÿ lrk fiajlhka ;¾ckhla f,i yeÕS hd yelsh' kuq;a wëlaIljreka $ l<ukdlrejka úiska wjfndaO lr.; hq;= jeo.;a lreKla jkafka Tjqkag ld¾hhka fufyhùu myiqjkafka Tjqka úiska id¾:lj" ld¾hlaIuj jev mejÍu isÿlr we;s wjia:dj,oSh' jev mejÍu u.ska úYajdih j¾Okh jk w;r fiajlhka w;frys j.lSï m%udKho by< hd yelsh' tu ksid fuh fiajl j¾Okh iy mqyqKq lsÍug fhdod .; yels WmlrKhls'

Tyq fyd a weh ld¾hhla mejÍug iqÿiqu mqoa.,hdo@ Tn f;dard.;a mqoa.,hd ksjerÈ ld¾hhla i|yd f;dard .;af;ao hkak iïnkaOfhka iy;sl jkak' Tn wod< mqoa.,hdg wfmalaIs; m%;sM,h iïnkaOfhka iy wod< ld¾hfha iajNdjh iïnkaOfhka meyeÈ,s lf<ao@ tu ld¾hh ksis mßÈ bgq lsÍu i|yd wjYH ´kEu f;dr;=rla idlÉPd lsÍug iy meyeÈ,s lr.ekSug wjia:djla ,nd ÿkafkao@ Tng mjrdÈh yels ld¾hfha wdldrh $ iajNdjh ms<sn|j Tn ie,ls,su;a jQfhao@ Tng jvd fyd|ska $ ukdj hï ld¾hhla fjk;a mqoa.,fhl=g l< yels kï lreKdlr tu ld¾hh Tyqg mjrkak' my, uÜgfï fiajlfhla jqjo fuu ld¾hh jvd;a fyd|ska isÿ lrhs kï Tyqg jev mjrdoSu iïnkaOfhka ie,ls,su;ajkak' fuu.ska Tnf.a jegqma $ fõ;k meh .Kk b;sß lr.; yels fõ' ;jÿrg;a fï ms<sn|j i,ld ne,SfïoS hï ld¾hhla yryd Tnf.a hg;a fiajlhkag jákdlula ysñ fõ kï Tyqg fyda wehg by< hdulg $ j¾Ok iyh ,nd fokak' wk;=rej jev fnod yßkak' tfiau úYd, jev fldgila mejÍuo fkdl< hq;=h' ld¾hfha iajNdjh iy úêh ms<sn|j o ie,ls,su;ajkak' th b;d ryis.; iy fm!oa.,sl ld¾hhla kï jev fnod yeÍu fkdl< hq;=h'

8.2.1 Wmdh ud¾.sl md,kh

8.2.2 l%fudamdhsl md,kh

8.2.3 fufyhqï md,kh

8.4.1 fj<|fmd<" ks,OdÍjd§ yd ldKav md,kh8.4.2 md,k ls%hdj,s

7.1 wNsfm%arKh hkq l=ulao@

7.2 wjYH;d iy wruqKq

7.3 wNsfm%arKh ixl,amhla f,i

fldmuK m%fhdackj;ao@

7.4 wNsfm%arK kHdhka

7.5 ueiaf,daf.a wjYH;d OQrdj,sh

7.6 y¾Üian¾.a f.a oaù idOl kHdh

7.7 õrEïf.a wfmaCId kHdh

7.8 ls%hdj,s kHdhkays l<uKdlrK weÕùï

7.9 uelaf.%.¾f.a X kHdh iy Y kHdh

6.3.1 wiïNdjH kHdh ms<sn| we.hSula

6.2.1 ffY,Sh m%fõYfhys iSudjka

4.1.1 n, j¾.

4.1.2 n,mEï lsÍu

4.2.1 fcHIaG l<uKdlrKh

4.2.2 uOH l<uKdlrejka

4.2.3 we,aue;s lKavdhï

4.2.4 fomd¾;fïka;=.; n,h

4.3.1 f¾Çh iy udKav,sl wêldrh

4.4.1 j.lSu iy wêldrfhys fkd.e,mSu

4.5.1 mjrdoSu isÿjkafka wehs@

4.5.2 mejrSu flfia isÿl< hq;=o@

mßÉfþoh 11l<ukdlrKfhys ld¾hhka

2.7.1 ld¾hh uÜgu wkqj fjkiajk msßjeh

2.7.2 wdka;sl msßjehlrK ixl,am

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

mßÉfPaoh 12jHdmdßl ld¾hhka yd md,kh

jHdmdr Y%s;hka iy l<ukdldr l%shdj,sh

iEu jHdmdr Y%s;hlau l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh fjka fjka jYfhka iy wfkl=;a Y%s;hka iuÕ wjYH jQ úg .e,mSu i|yd l%shd l< hq;=h' ksoiqkla jYfhka" wf,úlrK Y%s;h úiska isÿlrkakg hkafka fudkjdo@ hkak ie,iqï l< hq;=h' fuh uQ,Huh Y%s;hka iy ksIamdok Y%s;hkaf.a Wmfoiaj,g wkqj isÿ úh hq;=h' ulaksido h;a Tjqka ie,iqï lrk úgoS fuu fomd¾;fïka;=j,g iDcqju n,mdk neúks';jÿrg;a ksIamdok Y%s;hka Tjqkaf.a ie,iqï ilia lrk úgoS Tjqka úiska wfkl=;a Y%s;hka( uQ,Huh" iemhqï oduh jeks Y%s;hkag jk n,mEu ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h'

fomd¾;fïka;= Tjqka úiska ixúOdkh ùfïoS Tjqka udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrK Y%s;h yd iïnkaO úh hq;=h' ta wkqj" hï Y%s;hla l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh yd iïnkaO ù l%shd lrhso Tjqka wjfYaI Y%s;hka ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h'

1.1 uQ,sl ld¾hhka

1.2 Wmldrl ld¾hhka

2.1 fufyhqï l<ukdlrKfha mrud¾:

2.2 fufyhùfï ld¾hh

2.3 mßj¾;k l%shdj,s wdlD;sh

fufyhqï

fufyhqula mßKduk l%shdj,shla f,i m%ldY l< yels w;r tysoS fhojqï $ iïm;a ^lïlrejka iy wuqøjH& NdKav yd fiajd $ wjika ksIamdÈ;hla njg yerùu isÿ lrhs'

fuu mßKduk l%shdj,sh" ks¾udKh"fufyhùu"fhojqï md,kh iy tajd wjidk ksIamdÈ;hla olajd mßj¾;kh lsÍu fuhg we;=,;a fõ'

2.3.1 ksIamdok yd fiajd ksuejqï

2.3.2 fufyhqïj, isjqjeoEreï zùZ Vs

fláld,Sk msßjefha yeisÍu yd tys iïnkaOh

,dN Wmßu lsÍu" ixúOdkfha b,lalh kï" ksIaamdokfha wdka;sl msßjeh" wdka;sl wdodhug jvd wvq jQ úg ksIamdok jeäl< hq;=h' ;jÿrg;a ksIamdokfha wdka;sl msßjeh" tu.ska W;amdokh flfrk wdka;sl wdodhug jvd jeä jQ úg tu ixúOdkh ksIamdok wvq lsÍu l< hq;=h' tfukau ksIamdokfha ñ,g jvd ksIamdokfha idudkH úp,H msßjeh wvq jQ úg o tu ixúOdkh tys fufyhqï È.gu l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'

oS¾>ld,Skj" mßudKdkql+, msßueiqï fya;=fjka idudkH msßjeh my, nisk ;=re flá ld,Skj" ñ,g idudkH (AC) uq¿ msßjeh jeä jQ úgo tu ixúOdkh ;u ksIamdok lghq;= bÈßhg lrf.k hhs'

kuq;a wfkla w;g flá ld,fha jqj;a fok ,o ksIamdok uÜguloS mj;akd úlsKqï ñ,g jvd idudkH úp,H msßjeh jeä kï (AVC jeä kï&tu ksIamdokfha wdfhdack l,fUka bj;a úh yel'

idudkH msßjeh (Average Cost)

idudkH msßjeh (AC) ,nd .kafka" uq¿ msßjeh (TC) jákdlu"ksujqï tall m%udKh u.ska fn¥ úgh'

uq¿ msßjeh = uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh (FC) + uq¿ úp,H msßjeh (VC)

AC = TC/Q

AC = (FC + VC)/Q

AC = idudkH msßjeh TC = uq¿ msßjeh Q = ksIamdÈ; m%udKh

3.1 uq¿ msßjeh yd wdka;sl msßjeh

3.2 fláld,Sk msßjeh yeisÍu

3.3 úfYaISlrKfha m%;s,dN

1.4.1 mQrKh

3.1 ld¾hh ksIamdokh

3.2 ld¾hh ls%hdj,slrKh

3.3 ldKav ksIamdokh

3.4 ldKav ieliqu

3.5 f¾Åh ksIamdokh

3.6 wLKav m%jdy ksIamdokh

4.1 uq¿ ksIamdÈ;h" idudkH ksIamdÈ;h iy wdka;sl ksIamdÈ;h

4.2 fláld,Sk yd È.= ld,Sk ksIamdok Y%s;hka

4.3 ySkjk wdka;sl M,od kHdh

4.4 ySk jk wdka;sl M,odjka iy flá ld,Sk msßjehla w;r we;s iïnkaO;djh

1.1 Odß;djh

1.2 wêOdß;djh

1.3 W!k Odß;djh

1.4 Odß;d l<ukdlrKh

1.5 Odß;d ie,iqïlrKh iy md,kh

1.6 b,a u iy Odß;djh uekSu

1.7 Odß;d ie,iqïlrKh

1.9 ksIamdok iïm;a ie,iqïlrKh

3.7 f¾Çh yd wLKav m%jdy ls%hdj,slrKh

1.4.2 wkqms,sfj, ks¾Kh

1.4.3 Wmf,aLkh lsÍu

1.4.4 kshdukh yd md,kh

1.6.1 b,a u mqfrdal:kh

1.6.2 Odß;djh uekSu

1.7.4 ñY% ie,iqï

1.7.3 b,a ï l<uKdlrK ie,iqu

1.7.2 b,a u yUdhdfï ie,iqu

1.7.1 Odß;d uÜgï ie,iqu

2.3.1 ;dCIKsl msßueiqï

2.3.2 jdKscuh fyda wf,úlrK msßueiqï

2.3.3 wdh;ksl msßueiqï

2.3.4 uQ,H msßueiqï

4.2.1 flá ld,Sk ksIamdok Y%s;h

4.2.2 È.= ld,Sk ksIamdok Y%s;h

4.1.1 uq¿ ksIamdÈ;h

4.1.2 idudkH ksIamdÈ;h

4.1.3 wdka;sl ksIamdÈ;h

Odß;d ie,iqïlrKfha uQ,sl mshjr

1' fiajd uÜgu $ ksIamdok uÜgfuys wjYH;d ks¾Kh lsÍu(Determine)

2' j¾;udk Odß;d uÜgu wkqj" ksIamdok mo aO;sj, j¾;udk Odß;djh úYaf,aIKh lsÍu'

3' wkd.;h i|yd ie,iqïlrKh hkq" ixúOdkd;aul l%shdldrlï i|yd wkd.; mqfrd al:k" wkd.; ksIAmdok mo aO;s wjYH;d ks¾Kh lsÍuhs'

wkd.;fha we;súh yels ;;ajh fjkia jqj;a NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdok uÜgu wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wjYH Odß;dj ;sfíoehs hkak iy;sl ùu" ksIamdok moaO;sh ;=< wjYH lrk fjkialï l%shdjg kexùu u.ska l< hq;=h' ^ßÉ iy ys,a" 2010" 2013&

wd¾Ól wjldYh(Economies of scope)

ksIamdokhla jvd ,dNodhS ùug n,mdk idOlh jkafka" NdKav mrdihlska tla tla whs;uh ne.ska ksIAmdokhg jvd NdKav mrdihu tljr ksIAmdokhhs' fujeks msrsueiqï jHdmdßl fnod yeÍï ^yqjudre& uOH.; msßjegqï Y%s;hka ^uQ,H iy wf,úlrK& Tiafia meñfKhs' ke;fyd;a tajd jHdmdßl l%shdj,sfhka Tíng .sh tla ksIAmdokhla Tiafia wfkla ksIamdokh yria úlsKqï lsÍu fyda tla jHdmdrhl ksuejqu wfkla ksIamdokfha fhojqu f,i Ndú;d lsÍu jeks wka;¾ iïnkaO;d Tiafia meñKsh yelsh'

mßÉfþoh 13jHdmdrhl ksIamdok ixl,am

4.3.1 ySk jk wdka;sl M,od kHdhg we;s úfõpk

1.8 wuqøjH wjYH;d ie,iqïlrKh

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

4 wf,úl

rK

jev

igy

kl

uQ,sl

dx.

2 wf,úl

rK

fha l

d¾hN

drh

1.1 wf,úlrKh hkq l=ulao@

1.2 ksIamdÈ;" NdKav yd fiajd # mdßNdIs; jpk ms<sn|j igykla

1.3 Wmdh ud¾.sl yd l%fudamdhsl wf,úlrKh

2.1 wf,úlrKfha m%Odk$yr ixl,am

2.2 úúO b,a ï j¾.

2.3 fj<|fmd,

2.4 j¾;udk ixúOdkj,g wf,úlrKfha we;s jeo.;alu

2.5 wf,ú l<ukdlrKh yd ;SrK .ekSu

2.6 o¾Ykhla f,i wf,úlrKh fhdod .ekSu

2.7 kj wf,úlrK wNsfhda.hka

4.1 fj<|fmd, LKavkh

4.2 fj<|fmd, b,lal lsÍu

4.3 fj<|fmd, ia:dmkh$ ia:dk.; lsÍu

4.4 wf,úlrK ñY%h

4.5 úl,am wf,ú ñY%h

4.6 ksIamdos;

4.7 ia:dkh

4.8 m%j¾Okh

4.9 ñ,

4.10 fiajd yd fiajd wf,úlrKh

4.11 úia;SrKh l< wf,ú ñY%h

4.1.1 mdßfNda.sl fj<|fmd, LKavkh lsÍfï mokï

4.1.2 ld¾ñl fj<|fmd,j,a LKavkh

4.1.3 fj<|fmd, LKavkj, j,x.= Ndjh

4.1.6 fj<|fmd, LKavkfha m%;s,dN

4.1.4 fj<|fmd, LKavkfha wdl¾IKh

4.1.5 ld¾ñl fj<|fmd, LKavkh

4.6.1 ksIamdÈ; j¾.SlrKh

4.6.2 ksIamdÈ; ,CIK

4.6.3 ksIamdÈ; Ôjk pl%h

4.8.1 fm!oa.,sl úl=Kqï

4.8.2 iDcq wf,úlrK

4.8.3 ±kaùïlrKh $ m%pdrKh 4.8.4 úl=Kqï m%j¾Okh4.8.5 uyck iïnkaO;d

4.8.6 ikakïlrKh

4.9.1 msßjeh

4.9.2 ;r.h

4.10.3 úúOdldß;ajh ^fjkia ke;s nfjka ySkùu yd ix.; fkdùu&

4.10.4 kYHNdjh

4.10.5 whs;sh

4.9.3 mdßfNda.slhska

4.9.4 ;r.lrejkaf.a ls%hdjka iy m%;sls%hdjka

4.9.5 .=K;aj we.hSu

4.9.6 kj ksIamdÈ; ñ, lsÍu

4.9.7 nyqúO ksIamdÈ;

4.10.2 fjkal< fkdyels nj

4.10.1 wiamDIH nj

4.11.1 mqoa.,hska 4.11.2 ls%hdj,s

4.11.3 fN!;sl idOl

mßÉfþoh 14wf,ú l<ukdlrKh

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

3 jeg

qma ;

SrK

h l

sÍu

1 udkj iïm;a l<uKdlrKh hkq l=ulao@

2.1 udkj iïm;a l<uKdlrKh iy msßia l<uKdlrKh

2.2 udkj iïm;a pl%h2.3 udkj iïm;a l<uKdlrKh ms<sn| f.iaÜ wdlD;sh$wdo¾Yh'

2.4 udkj iïm;a l<uKdlrK wdlD;sj, iSudjka

3.4 wdka;sl M,odhs;d kHdfha iSudjka'

3.7 fõ;k wNsfm%arK l%uhla f,i'

2.1.1 udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh i|yd we;s wd¾ïiafg%daxf.a ks¾jpkh2.1.2 n%egka iy f.da,aâ f.a ks¾jpkh

2.1.3 ghsika iy ffm,a f.a ks¾jpkh

mßÉfþoh 15udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh

fuu ish¨

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'

1 uQ,sl

l<uk

dlrK

f;

dr;

=re

moaO;

s

1.1.1 .kqfokq igyka lsÍu

1.1.2 ;SrK .ekSu

1.1.3 ie,iq lrKh

1.1.4 ld¾hM, uekSu

1.1.5 md,kh

3.9.1 ixialD;sluh ndOl

3.9.2 ld¾h uKav,fhka we;sjk ndOl

3.9.3 ufkdauQ,sl .súiqu

3.10.1 fõ.h

3.10.2 wdldrh

3.10.3 úIh m:h

2.1.1 jHdmD;s ld¾hhka" idudkH jHdmdr lghq;=j,ska fjkia jkafka flfiao@

2.2.6 l=i,;d

2.2.5 ú,dYh

2.2.4 Wmdh ud¾.

2.2.3 moaO;Ska

2.2.2 jHqyh

2.2.1 ld¾huKav,h iy we,au we;s md¾Yjhka

2.6.2 ixúOdkh

2.6.1 jHdmdr wjia:djka

2.6.3 ie,iqï

2.6.4 wjodku

2.6.5 m%.;sh

2.6.6 ;;a;ajh

2.6.7 .eg¨ yd úm¾hdihka

2.7.1 jHdmD;shla fufyhùu

2.7.2 jHdmD;shla wdrïN lsÍu

2.7.3 jHdmD;shlg uq, msÍu

2.7.4 ie,iq lrKh

2.7.5 wjê md,kh

2.7.6 wjê iSudjka l<ukdlrKh lsÍu

2.7.7 ksIamdÈ; Ndr§u l<ukdlrKh lsÍu

2.7.8 jHdmD;sh yudr lsÍu

mßÉfþoh 16l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;s iy

jHdmD;s l<ukdlrKh

fuu

lreKq$ud;Dld

wOHhk

.%ka:fhys

m%udKj;a f,i

wdjrKh fõ'