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Index

Advance Maintenance Scheme, France 116

age of divorced woman and employment 5, 87-9, 117-

19 and remarriage 14. 64-6,72-3,

83, 115 Aid to Families with Dependent

Children, USA 17-18, 32, 41-2,44,67,

black families 74, 79 Airey, C., withJowell 33 Allocation pour les Parents /soles,

France 32,38-9,42-5,116, 126

allocation of resources after divorce 12,23-8,30-1,132-3,136

'altruism', and employment for women 34-6

Amsden, A. 47 Anderson, Michael 138 Anthony, S. with Leete 14,72 Australia 23-5,26-8,92, 133

Barrington-Baker, W. 30 Bastard, B.

with Cardia Voneche 17, 39, 55, 119, 127

with Cardia Voneche and Maclean 95, 96

Becker, G. 34, 35,49-50 Beckerman, W. 16 Belgium 128 black single-parent families,

USA 68-9 divorce rates 17, 75

145

and earnings 74-5 and remarriage 79 and welfare benefits 74, 79

Blanchflower, D. with Corry 50, 51

Bradshaw, J. 15 Brannen, J. with Collard 99 Burgoyne, J. with Clarke 78

California 18 Cardia Voneche, Laura 131

with Bastard 17,39,55, 119, 127

with Bastard and Maclean 95, 96

careers, for women 53-5,86,99, 112, 119, 123-5

'carers', women as 34-7,48-9, 57-8,97-102,114,123

Cassety, J. 25 Centre for Socio-Legal Studies,

Oxford 18-19,24,27 Chambers, David 16 Cherlin,A. 11,13,17 Cherlin, A. with Sawhill 65 child bearing, and

employment 21, 48, 53-4, 56-7,63;yearslost 95,111

Child Benefit UK 40, 83,93 childcare provision 42, 52, 54, 83,

85 in France 38, 116-18, 135 in UK 31-2,40

children and custody see custody of

children effect of divorce on 20, 43, 46.

146 Index

children cont. 66,86,132-3

income support: by ex-partner 24-8; in Australia 23-5,27-8,92, 133; compliance 4, 24,25-7,42, 46; in England 23; in France 115,120-7; guarantee schemes 26--8, 39,80-1,90-2,116, 133-4; in Scotland 23; setting levels 23-6, 42-4, 80, 92, 122-4; in USA 24-6, 66, 74,80-1

income support: by state 18, 31-2

income support; opinions on 28-30

and remarriage 14, 66, 78, 115 Civil Liberties Union, USA 80 'claiming' and family income 37-

8, 120-7 Clarke, D. with Burgoyne 78 Collard,J.

with Brannen 99 with Mansfield 21 with Thomes 13

Committee on Women's Rights of the European Parliament 58-9

Complement Familiale, France 32,116

compliance rates 4, 24, 25-8, 42, 46

Corbin, S. with Wallerstein 4 Corry, B. withBlanchflower 50,51 custody of children 14-15, 18, 115

Daniel, W. 27 Davis, G. with Macleod and

Murch 86 Delphy, Christine, with

Leonard 36 Denmark 24-5 Dex,S. 55-6 Dingwall, R. W. D. eta/. 2 divorce

causes of 13, 14

economic effects 16--20, 69-74, 84-9,101,128,136

effect on children 20, 43, 46, 66,86,132-3

petitioners, male/female 12, 115

political aspects 129 rates 3,11-13,17,114-15,129 reallocation of resources 12,

23-8,30-1,132-3,136 and unemployment 27

divorce laws Divorce Reform Law,

France 12 Divorce (Scotland) Act

(1986) 12 Matrimonial and Family

Proceedings Act, England (1984) 12,24,30,84,92

Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act,USA(1970) 12

Dominian,J. 3 Duesenberry, J. 49 Duncan, Greg 68,74

with Hoffman 41, 55, 69-75, 79

Eekelar, John 12, 18 with Maclean 16--19 passim,

24-7,74,77,84-9 passim, 115,122

Elias, P. with Main 53 Elizabethan Poor Law 23 employers, and women in single

1-parent families 95-111, 130-1

attitude, by type of company 103-9

and part-time work 51 research project 96--109

employment protection, and fringe benefits 51,56--9,89, 102-3, 107

see also pensions employment, women's 12-18,

33-7,39-41,46--59,95-112 and age of worker 5, 87-9,

117-19 changesin 47-50,53

and equal opportunities 58-9, 129

future of 50--1 and off-site working 110--11 part-time orfull-time 35,50--2,

58,67,84-9,115-19 pattern of work history 35, 53-

6,86-9,95,118-9,854-5 primary and secondary labour

markets 35,57, 102,108-9 single-parent problems 12-13,

30--2,33-7,40 type of jobs 54, 57-9, 68 see also careers; employers;

employment protection; family income; low pay

enforcement of income support payments 23-32,46,69,80, 89-92,115

see also compliance England

income support for children 23 Matrimonial and Family

Proceedings Act 1984 12, 24,30

equal opportunities in employment 58-9, 129-30

Equal Opportunities Commission 98

Equal Rights Amendment USA 129

European Social Charter 44 Euvrard, F. 117

families, single-parent and poverty 16,20,27,30--1

Family Credit UK 31, 40,83 family expenditure patterns 22-3 family income 20--22

after divorce 16-32, 42-5; in France 38-9; from employment 74-5, 84-9; and income support 66, 74,77,80-1;and remarriage 65-7,69-74, 76; in UK 39-41, 84-93; in USA 41-2

and 'claiming' 36-8, 120--7

Index 147

earnings, welfare, income supportpackage 37-45, 63, 113, 130--5; France 38-9,120-7;UK 39-41,82-94;USA 41-2,69-81

see also employment; income support; welfare benefits; employment; income support

Family Policy Studies Centre, UK 25

Family Premium, UK 93 family resources

allocation within marriage 21-2 reallocation after divorce 21-2

'family rights' concept 131 family structure, changes in 11,

14-15,19,33,46,66-7,101 Father Groups, USA 80 Federal Office for the Enforcement

of Payment of Child Support, USA 26,46,80

Fe sty, P. 66, 115 Finch, Janet, with Mason 22 Finer Report on One Parent

Families 1974 27 fiscal factors and remarriage,

USA 80 food stamps, USA 41 France

Advance Maintenance Scheme 116

Allocation pour les Parents /soles 32,38-9,42-5, 116, 126

childcare provision 52, 116-18 Complement Familiale 32, 116 custody of children 18, 115 divorce rates 12-13, 114-15 Divorce Reform Law 12 marriage rate 13 Plan Zeller 116, 122 remarriage rates 115 single-parent families: and

employment 38-9,42-5, 55; income 38-9,42-5, 113-27; support from ex­partner 23-5. 27-8, 115,

148 Index

France: single-parent cont. 121-7; welfare benefits 38-9,42-5,47, 115-17,120-7

survey of divorced women 120-7 women: numbers m

employment 39,47,55, 117; in part -time or full­time employment 50-2, 55, 115-19; as petitioners for divorce 12, 115; as proportion of labour force 12; in single-parent families; employers' attitudes 96-109

Funder, K. 133 Furstenberg, F. with Spanier 14,

18,19-20

General Household Survey, UK 14,58

Gilligan, Carol 30,34 Glendon, M.A. 16, 131 Goode, William 65,70 Gorbachev, Mikhail 129 Greenhalgh, C. 53,58

Hanratty, J. 111 Hantrais, L. 119 Harris, C. C. with Morris 52 Haskey, J. 12, 13, 17 Hewlett, S. A. 43,51 Hoffman, S. 18 Hoffman, S. with Duncan 41, 55,

69-75,79 housing benefits, France 38,

121-3 housing benefits, UK 40 housing benefits, USA 41 Hutchens, R. 70

income support, by ex-partner 23-31,37-45,66, 74,

and compliance rates 25-8, 42, 46

enforcement and guarantee schemes 27-8,39,80-1,

90-2,116,133-4 Income Support, UK 18,29-32,

85,91-4, 135 reliefto single parents 31, 40,

43,83 income, family

see family income information technology, and off­

site employment 110-11

Jacob, Herb 73 Johnston, J. with Maclean 84-90

passim Joshi, H. 54,56 Jowell, R. with Airey 33

Kahn, A. with Kamerman 4, 39, 41,51, 109,117

Kamerman, S. with Kahn 4, 39, 41,51, 109,117

Kellerhals, J. with Lazega 22, 34, 132

Kelly, J. with Wallerstein 86 Kincaid Oppenheimer, V. 55

law, family 12,23-8,30-1,33 law, public, enforcing divorce

settlements 23 Layard, R. 16 Lazega, E. with Kellerhals 22, 34,

132 Leete, R. with Anthony 14,72 Lefaucheur,N. 39,55,117,119 Leonard, Diana, with Delphy 36 Lieberman,J. 26 Lone Parent Premium, UK 93 Low Cost Food Budget, USA 18 low pay for women 16, 48, 56,

58-9, 68-9, 80

McLanahan,Sara 20,66 Maclean, Mavis 41,42

with Cardia Voneche and Bastard 95-6

withEekelaar I6-I9passim, 24-7,74, 77,84-9passim, 115,122

with Johnston 84-91 passim

with Wadsworth 4, 20, 43, 77, 133

with Weitzman 3, 128--9 Macleod, A. with Davis and

Murch 86 Main, B. with Elias 53 Mansfield, P. with Collard 21 marriage

breakdown, and unemployment 27

manner oftermination 12, 101 Martin, J. with Roberts, Women

and Employment survey 53, 58,117,119

women'sattitudes 31,51, 99, 101

Mason, Janet, with Finch 22 Massachusetts 26 maternity benefits 41,43-4, 108 Mayhew, K. 35,57, 109 Mincer, Jacob 48 Minnesota 67-8 Mitchell, Ann 20 Morgan, D. 3 Morris, C. with Harris 52 Moss, P. 117

with Phillips 52 Murch, M. with Davis and

Macleod 86

Netherlands 52, 117 NewYork 16

off-site employment 11~ 11 one-parent families see single­

parent families Oxford Centre for Socio-Legal

Studies 18--19,24,27

Pahi,J. 15,21,34 Panel Study of Income Dynamics,

USA 18, 54,68--75 part -time or full-time

employment see employment

Peattie, Lisa, with Rein 34,37 pensions 35, 51, 58,87-9,102--6

passim, 128, 131

Index 149

see also employment protection and fringe benefits

Perez,Munos 115 petitioners for divorce, male/

female France 12, 115 UK 12

Phillips, A. with Moss 52 Piachaud, David 25 Plan Zeller, France 116, 122 Poland, income support rates 28 political aspects of divorce 129 Poll Tax, UK 93 Popay, J. with Rimmer 57 population

divorce rates 11-13 marriage rates 13-15 remarriage rates 14-15,79

population, working, women as a percentage 12

poverty anddivorce 16-17 and single-parent families 16,

20,27,3~1,68,101-2

Ray,J. C. 118 Rein, Martin, with Peattie 34,37 remarriage 11,14-15,65-81,115,

134 and age 14,64--6,72-3,83, 115 and children 14, 66,77, 115 and family income 69--74, 77-8 and fiscal factors USA 80 France 115 rates of 14-15,79 and redivorce 15,78 UK 76-8 USA 14-15,65-81 and welfare payments 79

Rimmer, L. with Po pay 57 Roberts, C. with Martin, Women

and Employment survey 53, 58,117,119

women's attitudes 31, 51, 99, 101

Roii,J. 40

Sawhill, I. V. 50

150 Index

Sawhill, I. V. with Cherlin 65 Scandinavia 17, 27 Scotland

divorce and effect on children 20

Divorce (Scotland) Act 1986 12 income support from ex-

partner 23 Scott,J. W. with Tilly 48 single-parent families

income support from ex­partner 24-30, 46; Australia 23-5,27-8, 92; Denmark 24-5; France 23-5; Switzerland 24-5; UK 23-5; USA 23-6, 40,66,74

poverty rates UK 16 stress for working mothers 96-

112 welfare benefits 16-18, 31-2,

33-45,46-7;France 23-5, 47; Scandinavia 17

single-parent families, black 68-9 divorce rates 17 and earnings 74-5 and remarriage 79 and welfare benefits 74,79

SocialFund,UK 40,47,93 Social Security Act, 1987. UK 92 sole-parent families see single-

parent families Spanier, S. with Furstenberg 14,

18,19-20 Supplementary Benefit, UK 40,

82,85,91-4 Sweden 13, 129 Switzerland 24, 25,27

tax and single-parent families 38, 41,52,55,80,116-18

Thatcher, Margaret 129 Thery, I. 18 Thomes, B. with Collard 13 Tilly, C. A. with Scott 48

UK childcare provision 52 custody of children 18 divorce rates 12-13 Equal Pay Act 1970 58 General Household Survey 14 marriage rate 13-15 remarriage rates 14-15,76-8,

83, single-parent families: income

package 38-9; income support from ex-partner 23-5,27,85-6, 89-92; poverty rate 16

welfare benefits: Child Benefit 40; Income Support 18, 40, 43; Social Fund 40; Supplementary Benefit 40

women: numbers in employment 39,53-4,86-9; in part-time or full-time employment 50-2; as petitioners for divorce 12; as proportion of labour force 12; in single-parent families, employers' attitudes 96-109

unemployment and divorce 27 and marriage breakdown 27

USA Aid to Families with Dependent

Children 17-18,32,41-2, 44, 67; black families 74, 79

childcare provision 52 Civil Liberties Union 80 divorce and effect on

children 20 divorce rates 11, 13, 17 Father Groups 80 Federal Office for the

Enforcement of Payment of Child Support 26

marriagerates 13. 14-15 remarriage rates 14-15,79 single-parent families: income

package 38-9; income support from ex-partner 23-6, 69; welfare benefits 43-5,47

Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act 1970 12

women: numbers in employment 41, 43, 54, 67-9; part-time or full-time employment 50-2, 54-5; as proportion oflabour force 12; in single-parent families, employers' attitudes 109-10

Wadsworth, M. with Maclean 4, 20, 43, 77, 133

Wallerstein, J. with Corbin 4 with Kelly 86

Walters, P. 118 Weitzman, L. J. 18, 70, 73, 101

with Maclean 3, 128-9 welfare benefits

France 17,38-9,42-5,47,115-17,121-7

Index 151

workfare programmes 46, 116, 121, 122

working women see employment, women's

Scandinavia 17 for single-parent families 16-

18,31-2,33-45,46-7,74-6 UK 16,17-18,31-2,39-45,

46-7,82-94 USA 43-5,46,67,74-6,79

Wilson, Gail 17, 22, 52, 132 Wisconsin and levels of child

support 25, 92 women

and 'caring' 34-7 and employment see

employment, women's numbers in employment:

France 39, 47; UK 39; USA 41,43

as single parents: numbers 15, 16-18; and support by ex­partner 23-31,37-45;and welfare payments 16-18, 31-2,33-7,38-45,46-7