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LAND USE TARGETS
MEGHAN O’BRIEN
24 November 2014
FOEE: PUTTING RESOURCE EFFICIENCY BACK ON THE AGENDA
Land as a resource – More of the same?
Wuppertal Institute
CONTENTS
Why land use targets?
What are the targets?
What are the implications?
Based on UNEP (2014). Assessing Global Land Use: Balancing Consumption with Sustainable Supply. A Report of the Working Group on Land and Soils of the International Resource Panel. Bringezu S., Schütz H., Pengue W., O´Brien M., Garcia F., Sims R., Howarth R., Kauppi L., Swilling M., and Herrick J.
More information: www.unep.org/resourcepanel/
Wuppertal Institute
WHY LAND USE TARGETS Two key challenges
How land is used
How much land is used
Wuppertal Institute
Habitat change is an important driver of biodiversity loss
Main direct drivers of change in biodiversity and ecosystems Source: MEA 2005
WHY LAND USE TARGETS?IMPACTS OF LAND USE CHANGE
Wuppertal Institute
WHY LAND USE TARGETS Two key challenges
How land is used
How much land is used
Take global implications of European consumption into account
EU is import dependent, has disproportionally high consumption levels, and future demands could further increase EU land footprints
Wuppertal Institute
Van der Sleen 2009
Von Witzke & Noleppa 2011
Bringezu et al. 2011
Bruckner et al. 2014
Arto et al. 2012
EU-27, 2005
EU-27, 2007,
EU-27, 2007/8
EU-27, 2007
EU-27, 2008
0.28
0.31
0.31
ha / cap
0.34
0.37
EU cropland footprints
EU cropland area, ha /cap
2011
Global cropland footprint, ha / cap
2011
0.24
0.22
WHY LAND USE TARGETS?CROPLAND FOOTPRINTS
Wuppertal Institute
WHY LAND USE TARGETS Two key challenges
How land is used
How much land is used
Take global implications of European consumption into account
EU is import dependent, has disproportionally high consumption levels, and future demands could further increase EU land footprints
Impacts abroad are related to global challenges
Policy visions
Wuppertal Institute
EU Bioeconomy Strategy“The Bioeconomy Strategy and its Action Plan aim to pave the way to a more innovative, resource efficient and competitive society that reconciles food security with the sustainable use of renewable resources for industrial purposes, while ensuring environmental protection.”
Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe “By 2050 the EU's economy has grown in a way that respects resource constraints and planetary boundaries, thus contributing to global economic transformation. Our economy is competitive, inclusive and provides a high standard of living with much lower environmental impacts.”
Sustainable Development Goals (Open Working Group Proposal, July 2014)Goal 12: ensure sustainable consumption and production patternsGoal 15: protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
WHY LAND USE TARGETS?POLICY VISIONS AND TARGETS
Wuppertal Institute
WHY LAND USE TARGETS Two key challenges
How land is used
How much land is used
Take global implications of European consumption into account
EU is import dependent, has disproportionally high consumption levels, and future demands could further increase EU land footprints
Impacts abroad are related to global challenges
Policy visions In order to realize the visions, metrics for monitoring and targets for orientation are needed
Land is finite
How much land can be sustainably used for production and consumption?
Wuppertal Institute
Source: Rockström et al. 2009
Estimate of quantitative evolution of control variables
for seven planetary boundaries from pre-
industrial level to the present
Based on the safe operating space concept
How much more land use change can occur before the risk of irreversible damages becomes unacceptable?
In particular regarding biodiversity loss
Modeling results show that to halt biodiversity loss agricultural land needs to, at least, stabilize from 2020 (Van Vuuren and Faber 2009)
WHAT ARE THE TARGETS
Wuppertal Institute
A cautious global target would be to halt the expansion of global cropland into grasslands, savannahs and forests by 2020
Implies business-as-usual can “safely” continue until 2020
Reference value: around 1,640 Mha available for supplying demand in 2020
0.20 ha /
person
Target of 0.20 ha of cropland (1,970 m2) per person in 2030
WHAT ARE THE TARGETS
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WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS?
Reference point for consumption
Raise awareness: 2 degree Celsius climate target is an easy-to-communicate directional guide
Prevent problem shifting between planetary boundaries, e.g. “perverse solutions” to meet climate targets
Provide an orientation and rationale for policy intervention:
Consumer level: address food waste, excessive meat consumption, etc.
National level: opportunities of the circular economy; evoke smart market-pull mechanisms to increase efficiency (cascading use; co-production; use of organic waste)
Drive innovation in the right direction (e.g. encourage co-operation across supply chains; provide context for social innovation; etc.)
Wuppertal Institute
BALANCED BIOECONOMY
Consumption levelsSafe Operating Space
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