L 01 Introduction RCD 2

7/23/2019 L 01 Introduction RCD 2

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Vrhg. Nr. Tdjsdr Dmj \ojeghrcon Checroto Nosjae – JJ

Nopdrtioet hg Cjvjm Oeajeoorjea, _ejvorsjty hg Oeajeoorjea den ocbehmhay Vosbdwdr

\ojeghrcon Checroto

Nosjae-JJ

Ly0 Vrhg Nr. Tdjsdr Dmj

Cjvjm Oeajeoorjea Nopdrtioet

_O^ Vosbdwdr www.nrqdjsdrdmj.chi

4



Churso Chetoet

Ijn ôri

Jetrhnuctjhe

Heo-Qdy Smdl Systoi Nosjae

DCJ Choggjcjoet Iotbhn ghr Dedmysjs hg Heo-Qdy Smdls

^wh Qdy Smdl Systoi Nosjae

DCJ Dedmysjs Iotbhn ghr Smdls Supphrton he Stjgg Lodis hr Qdmms DCJ Njroct Nosjae Iotbhn ghr Smdls wjtb hr wjtbhut Lodis

<





Churso Chetoet

Gjedm ôri

Jetrhnuctjhe th Odrtbqudko \osjstdet Nosjae hg \C Structuros

Jetrhnuctjhe th Vro-strosson Checroto

Jetrhnuctjhe th Lrjnao Oeajeoorjea

Jetrhnuctjhe th \otdjejea Qdmms

Jetrhnuctjhe th Ijscommdeohus ^hpjcs

3



Ardnjea Vhmjcy

Ijntori 9 < ? %

Gjedm ôri 9 ? 6 %

Sossjhe Vorghrideco 9 < ? %

Dssjaeioets 9 46 % (7 Dssjaeioets )

Tujzzos 9 4? % (7 Tujzzos)

>





Mocturos Dvdjmdljmjty

Dmm mocturos den romdton idtorjdm wjmm lo dvdjmdlmo he

tbo wolsjto0

www.nrqdjsdrdmj.chi

?



Mocturo-64

Jetrhnuctjhe

Ly0 Vrhg Nr. Tdjsdr Dmj

Cjvjm Oeajeoorjea Nopdrtioet_O^ Vosbdwdr www.nrqdjsdrdmj.chi

7





Checopt hg Noiden den Cdpdcjty

Gmoxurdm Nosjae hg Lodis usjea DCJ \ochiioendtjhes

Sbodr Nosjae hg Lodis usjea DCJ \ochiioendtjhes

Oxdipmo

1

^hpjcs



Checopt hg Cdpdcjty den Noiden

Noiden

Noiden he d structuro rogors th dmm oxtoredm dctjhes.

Ardvjty, wjen, odrtbqudko, sehw dro oxtoredm dctjhes.

^boso dctjhes wboe dct he tbo structuro wjmm jenuco jetoredm

njsturldeco(s) je tbo structuro je tbo ghri hg strossos (sucb

ds chiprossjhe, toesjhe, loenjea, sbodr, den thrsjhe).

^bo jetoredm strossos dro dmsh cdmmon mhdn oggocts.

2






Cdpdcjty

^bo hvordmm dljmjty hg d structuro th cdrry de jiphson

noiden.

:

Lodi wjmm rosjst tbo

dppmjon mhdn up th jts

cdpdcjty den wjmm gdjm

wboe noiden oxcoons

cdpdcjty

Dppmjon Mhdn

(Noiden)




Gdjmuro

Hccurs wboe Cdpdcjty js moss tbde Noiden.

^h dvhjn gdjmuro, cdpdcjty th noiden rdtjh sbhumn lo kopt

arodtor tbde heo, hr dt modst oqudm th heo.

Jt js, bhwovor, jetujtjvo th bdvo shio idraje hg sdgoty j.o., th

bdvo cdpdcjty th noiden rdtjh ihro tbde heo. Bhw iucb8

46






Gdjmuro

44

Gdjmuro (Cdpdcjty = Noiden)




Oxdipmo 4.4

Cdmcumdto noiden je tbo ghri hg strossos hr mhdn oggocts he

tbo ajvoe checroto pdn hg sjzo 4<″ Ñ 4<″.

4<

Checroto pdn?6 ^hes

4<″

4<″






Oxdipmo 4.4

Shmutjhe0 Ldson he chevoejoeco ojtbor tbo mhdns hr tbo mhdn

oggocts ds noiden dro chipdron th tbo mhdn cdrryjea

cdpdcjty hg tbo structuro je tbo romovdet uejts.

43

Noiden je tbo ghri hg mhdn0

Mhdn 9 ?6 hes

Noiden je tbo ghri hg Mhdn oggocts0

^bo oggoct hg mhdn he tbo pdn wjm m lo

d chiprossjvo stross oqudm th mhdn

njvjnon ly tbo drod hg tbo pdn.Mhdn Oggoct9(?6 Ñ <<6>)/ (4< Ñ 4<)

9 17?.<1 psj

Cdpdcjty hg tbo pdn je tbo ghri

hg rosjstdeco sbhumn lo dlmo th

cdrry d stross hg 17?.<1 psj.

Je htbor whrns, tbo chiprossjvo

stroeatb hg checroto pdn

(cdpdcjty) sbhumn lo ihro tbde17?.<1 psj (noiden).

?6 hes

4<″4<″




Oxdipmo 4.<

Notorijeo cdpdcjty th noiden rdtjh ghr tbo pdn hg oxdipmo

4.4 ghr tbo ghmmhwjea cdpdcjtjos ajvoe je tbo ghri hg

chiprossjvo stroeatb hg checroto (j) ?66 psj (jj) 17?.<1 psj

(jjj) 4666 psj (jv) <666 psj. Chiioet he tbo rosumts8

4>

?6 hes

4<″

4<″






Oxdipmo 4.<

Shmutjhe0 Ds cdmcumdton je oxdipmo 4.4, noiden 9 17?.<1 psj.

^boroghro cdpdcjty th noiden rdtjhs dro ds uenor0

j. Cdpdcjty/ Noiden 9 ?66 / 17?.<1 9 6.7?3 (Gdjmuro)

jj. 17?.<1/ 17?.<1 9 4.6 (Cdpdcjty ùst oqudm th Noiden)

jjj. 4666/ 17?.<1 9 4.3 (Cdpdcjty js 4.3 tjios arodtor tbde Noiden)

jv. <666/ 17?.<1 9 <.7 (Cdpdcjty js <.7 tjios arodtor tbde Noiden)

Je (jjj) den (jv), tboro js shio idraje hg sdgoty ehridmmy cdmmon ds

gdcthr hg sdgoty.

4?




Sdgoty Gdcthr

Jt js dmwdys lottor th bdvo d gdcthr hg sdgoty je hur nosjaes.

Jt cde lo dcbjovon odsjmy jg wo gjx tbo rdtjh hg cdpdcjty th

noiden arodtor tbde 4.6, sdy 4.?, <.6 hr sh, ds sbhwe je

oxdipmo 4.<.

47






Sdgoty Gdcthr

Ghr cortdje rodshes, bhwovor, mot sdy wo jesjst he d gdcthr hg

sdgoty sucb tbdt cdpdcjty th noiden rdtjh stjmm roidjes 4.6.

^boe tboro dro tbroo wdys hg nhjea tbjs0

^dko de jecrodson noiden jestodn hg dctudm noiden (mhdn),

o.a. 16 the jestodn hg ?6 the je tbo provjhus oxdipmo,

^dko d ronucon cdpdcjty jestodn hg dctudm cdpdcjty sucb ds

4?66 psj ghr checroto wbhso dctudm stroeatb js 3666 psj

Nhjea lhtb.

Bhw dro tboso tbroo sjtudtjhes dcbjovon8

41




Qhrkjea Stross Iotbhn

Je tbo Qhrkjea Stross hr Dmmhwdlmo Stross Nosjae iotbhn,

tbo idtorjdm stroeatb js kehwjeamy tdkoe moss tbde tbo dctudm

o.a. bdmg hg tbo dctudm th prhvjno d gdcthr hg sdgoty oqudm th

<.6.

42






Stroeatb Nosjae Iotbhn

Je tbo Stroeatb Nosjae iotbhn, tbo jecrodson mhdns den tbo

ronucon stroeatb hg tbo idtorjdm dro chesjnoron, lut lhtb ldson he

scjoetjgjc rdtjhedmo. Ghr oxdipmo, jt js qujto phssjlmo tbdt nurjea tbo

mjgo spde hg d structuro, nodn den mjvo mhdns jecrodso.

^bo gdcthrs hg 4.< den 4.7 uson ly DCJ 342-44 (Lujmnjea chno

roqujroioets ghr structurdm checroto, Diorjcde Checroto Jestjtuto

chiijttoo 342) ds mhdn dipmjgjcdtjhe gdcthrs ghr nodn mhdn den mjvo

mhdn rospoctjvomy dro ldson he prhldljmjty ldson rosodrcb stunjos.

Ehto0 Qo sbdmm lo ghmmhwjea DCJ 342-44 tbrhuabhut tbjs churso

4:




Stroeatb Nosjae Iotbhn

Sjijmdrmy, tbo stroeatb js eht ronucon drljtrdrjmy lut

chesjnorjea tbo gdct tbdt vdrjdtjhe je stroeatb js phssjlmo nuo

th jiporgoctjhes, dao gdcthr otc. Stroeatb ronuctjhe gdcthrs

dro uson ghr tbjs purphso.

Gdcthr hg sdgoty je Stroeatb Nosjae iotbhn js tbus tbo

chiljeon oggoct hg jecrodson mhdn den ronucon stroeatb,

lhtb ihnjgjon ldson he d vdmjn rdtjhedmo.

<6






Dlhut ^he

4 iotrjc the 9 4666 ka hr <<6> phuen

4 mhea the0 Je tbo _.S., d mhea the 9 <<>6 phuen

4 sbhrt the0 Je tbo _.S., d sbhrt the 9 <666 phuen

Je Vdkjstde, tbo uso hg iotrjc the js vory chiihe; tboroghro

wo wjmm rogor th Iotrjc ^he je hur njscussjhe.

<4




Oxdipmo 4.3

Nosjae tbo 4<″ Ñ 4<″ pdn th cdrry d mhdn hg <66 thes. ^bo

drod hg tbo pdn cdeeht lo jecrodson ghr shio rodshes.

Checroto stroeatb (g c‼) 9 3 ksj, tboroghro

Dmmhwdlmo stroeatb 9 g c‼/< 9 4.? ksj (ghr Qhrkjea Stross iotbhn)

<<

Checroto pdn

4<″

4<″

<66 ^hes






Oxdipmo 4.3

Shmutjhe0

Noidenje tbo ghri hg mhdn(V) 9 <66 ^hes 9 <66 Ñ <<6>/4666 9 >>6.2 kjps

Noiden je tbo ghri hg mhdn oggocts (Stross) 9 (<66 Ñ <<6>)/ (4< Ñ 4<)

9 3674.44 psj 9 3.6744 ksj

Cdpdcjty je tbo ghri hg stroeatb 9 4.? ksj (moss tbde tbo noiden hg 3.6744 ksj).

^boro dro twh phssjljmjtjos th shmvo tbjs prhlmoi0

Jecrodso drod hg tbo pdn (aohiotry); jt cdeeht lo nheo ds roqujron je tbo oxdipmo.

Jecrodso tbo stroeatb ly usjea shio htbor idtorjdm; usjea bjab stroeatb checroto,stoom hr htbor idtorjdm; ochehijcdm js th uso checroto den stoom chiljeo.

<3




Oxdipmo 4.3

Shmutjhe0

Mot us dssuio tbdt wo wdet th uso stoom ldr rojeghrcoioet hg yjomn stroeatb g y 9

>6 ksj. ^boe cdpdcjty th lo prhvjnon chiljeomy ly lhtb idtorjdms sbhumn lo dt

modst oqudm th tbo noiden. Den mot us ghmmhw tbo Qhrkjea Stross dpprhdcb, tboe0

{ V 9 \c + \s (Noiden9Cdpdcjty)} (Ghrco uejts)

Cdpdcjty hg pdn 9 Dcg c‼/< + D

sg y/< (Ghrco uejts)

^boroghro,

>>6.2 9 (4>> Ñ 3/<) + (Ds Ñ >6/<)

Ds 9 44.<> je< (^bjek he bhw th prhvjno tbjs iucb drod hg stoom8 ^bjs js bhw

chiprossjhe ioilors dro nosjaeon dadjest dxjdm mhdnjea).

<>






Oxdipmo 4.>

Cbock tbo cdpdcjty hg tbo pmdje checroto lodi ajvoe je gjauro

lomhw dadjest gmoxurdm strossos wjtbje tbo mjeodr omdstjc rdeao.

Checroto chiprossjvo stroeatb (g c‼ ) 93ks j

<?

<.6 kjp/gt

<6″

4<″

Lodi soctjhe

<6‼-6″




Oxdipmo 4.>

Shmutjhe0

I 9 wm </2 9 {<.6 Ñ (<6)</2} Ñ 4< 9 4<66 je-kjps

Somg-wojabt hg lodi (w/gt) 9 (4< Ñ <6 Ñ 6.4>?/4>>) 9 6.<>471 k/gt

Isw (ihioet nuo th somg-wojabt hg lodi) 9 (6.<>471Ñ<6<Ñ4</2) 9 4>?

je-kjps

I (thtdm) 9 4<66 + 4>? 9 43>? je-kjps Je tbo mjeodr omdstjc rdeao, gmoxurdm stross je checroto lodi cde lo

cdmcumdton ds0

Ɯ 9 Iy/J (mjeodr omdstjc rdeao)

^boroghro, I 9 ƜJ/y

<7






Oxdipmo 4.>

Shmutjhe0

y 9 (<6/<) 9 46″ ; J 9 4< Ñ <63/4< 9 2666 je>

Ɯ 98

^bo mhwor gjlors hg tbo ajvoe lodi wjmm lo sulòcton th toesjmo

strossos. ^bo toesjmo stroeatb hg checroto (Ihnumus hg rupturo) js

ajvoe ly DCJ chno ds 1.? g‼, (DCJ 42.3.3).

^boroghro, Ɯtoesjhe 9 1.? g‼ 9 1.? Ñ 3666 9 >44 psj

Boeco I 9 Cdpdcjty hg checroto je loenjea 9 >44 Ñ 2666/ (46 Ñ 4666)9 3<2.2 je-kjps

^boroghro, Noiden 9 43>? je-kjps den Cdpdcjty 9 3<2.2 je-kjps

<1



Gmoxurdm Nosjae hg Lodis _sjea DCJ

\ochiioendtjhes

Mhdn chiljedtjhes0 DCJ 342-44, Soctjhe :.<.

<2

Mhdn Chiljedtjhes0 DCJ 342-44, Soctjhe :.<.

_ 9 4.>(N + G ) (:-4)

_ 9 4.<(N + G + ^ ) + 4.7(M + B ) + 6.?(Mr hr S hr \ ) (:-<)

_ 9 4.<N + 4.7(Mr hr S hr \ ) + (4.6M hr 6.2Q ) (:-3)

_ 9 4.<N + 4.7Q + 4.6M + 6.?(Mr hr S hr \ ) (:->)

_ 9 4.<N + 4.6O + 4.6M + 6.<S (:-?)

_ 9 6.:N + 4.7Q + 4.7B (:-7)

_ 9 6.:N + 4.6O + 4.7B (:-1)






\ochiioendtjhes

Stroeatb \onuctjhe Gdcthrs0 DCJ 342-44, Soctjhe :.3.

<:




\ochiioendtjhes

Nosjae0

ΧIe ≯ Iu (ΧIe js Inosjae hr Icdpdcjty)

Ghr ΧIe 9 Iu

Ds 9 Iu/ {Χg y (n – d/<)}

36






\ochiioendtjhes

Nosjae0

τije 9 3 g c‼ /g y ≯ <66/g y (DCJ 46.?.4)

τidx 9 6.2?μ4(g c‼/g y){οu/(οu + οt)}

Qboro,

οu 9 6.663

οt 9 Eot toesjmo strdje (DCJ 46.3.>). Qboe οt 9 6.66?, Χ 9 6.: ghr

gmoxurdm nosjae.

μ49 6.2? (ghr g c‼ ≮ >666 psj, DCJ 46.<.1.3)

34




\ochiioendtjhes

Nosjae0

τidx den τije ghr vdrjhus vdmuos hg g c‼ den g y

3<

^dlmo 640 Idxjiui & Ijejiui \ojeghrcoioet \dtjhs

g c‼ (psj) 3666 >666 ?666

g y (psj) >6666 76666 >6666 76666 >6666 76666

τije 6.66? 6.6633 6.66? 6.6633 6.66?3 6.663?

τidx 6.6<63 6.643? 6.6<1 6.642 6.634: 6.6<43





Sbodr Nosjae hg Lodis usjea DCJ

\ochiioendtjhes

Qboe ΧWc/ < ≯ Wu, eh wol rojeghrcoioet js roqujron.

Qboe ΧWc ≯ Wu, tbohrotjcdmmy eh wol rojeghrcoioet js

roqujron. Bhwovor ds mhea ds ΧWc/< js eht arodtor

tbde Wu, DCJ 44.4.4 rochiioens ijejiui wol

rojeghrcoioet.

33




\ochiioendtjhes

Idxjiui spdcjea den ijejiui rojeghrcoioet

roqujroioet ds porijtton ly DCJ 44.>.? den 44.>.7

sbdmm lo ijejiui hg0

sidx 9 Dvg y/(?6lw),

n/<

<> jecbos

Dvg y/ {6.1? g‼ lw}

3>






\ochiioendtjhes

Qboe ΧWc = Wu, wol rojeghrcoioet js roqujron ds0

Wu 9 ΧWc + ΧWs

ΧWs 9 Wu – ΧWc

ΧDvg yn / s9Wu – ΧWc

s 9 Χ Dvg yn/(Wu – ΧWc)

3?




\ochiioendtjhes

Cbock ghr Noptb hg Lodi0

ΧWs ≮ Χ2 g‼lwn (DCJ 44.>.1.:)

Jg eht sdtjsgjon, jecrodso noptb hg lodi.

Cbock ghr Spdcjea0

ΧWs ≮ Χ> g‼ lwn (DCJ 44.>.?.3)

Jg eht sdtjsg jon, ronuco idxjiui spdcjea roqujroioet ly heo

bdmg.

37






\ochiioendtjhes

31




\ochiioendtjhes

32

Vmdcoioet hg Sbodr \ojeghrcoioet

Sn 9 Nosjae Spdcjea (ΧWc = Wu )Sidx 9 Idxjiui Spdcjea (ΧWc 5 Wu)

”Wu’ js tbo sbodr ghrco dt njstdeco ”n’ grhi tbo gdco hg tbo supphrt.”ΧWc’ den ”ΧWc/<’ dro pmhtton he sbodr ghrco njdardi.





Gmoxurdm den Sbodr Nosjae hg Lodi ds por DCJ0

Nosjae tbo lodi sbhwe lomhw ds por DCJ 342-44.

3:

QN.M 9 4.6 kjp/gtQM.M 9 4.? kjp/gt

<6‼-6″

Oxdipmo 4.7

^dko g ‼ c

9 3 ksj & g y

9 >6 ksj



Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0

Stop Eh. 640 Sjzos.

Ghr <6‼ moeatb, d <6″ noop lodi whumn lo dpprhprjdto

(dssuiptjhe).

Qjntb hg lodi crhss soctjhe (lw) 9 4>″ (dssuiptjhe)

>6

<6″

4>″

Lodi soctjhe

<6‼-6″

QN.M 9 4.6 kjp/gtQM.M 9 4.? kjp/gt






Shmutjhe0

Stop Eh. 6<0 Mhdns.

Somgwojabt hg lodi9 γclwb 9 6.4?Ñ (4> Ñ <6/4>>) 9 6.<:< kjps/gt

Qu 9 4.<N.M + 4.7M.M (DCJ :.<)

9 4.< Ñ (4.6 + 6.<:<) + 4.7 Ñ 4.? 9 3.:?6> kjps/gt

>4

Oxdipmo 4.7




Shmutjhe0

Stop Eh. 630 Dedmysjs.

Gmoxurdm Dedmysjs0

Iu 9 Qu m </2 9 3.:?6> Ñ (<6)< Ñ 4</2 9 <316.<> je-kjps

Dedmysjs ghr Sbodr je lodi0

Wu 9 3:.? Ñ {46 – (41.?/4<)}/46 9 33.1> k

><

SGN

LIN

3.:?6> kjp/gt

33.1> kjps

<316.<>

3:.?6

Oxdipmo 4.7





Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0

Stop Eh. 6>0 Nosjae.

Nosjae ghr gmoxuro0

ΧIe ≯ Iu (ΧIe js Inosjae hr Icdpdcjty)

Ghr ΧIe 9 Iu

ΧDsg y(n – d/<) 9 Iu

Ds 9 Iu/ {Χg y (n – d/<)}

Cdmcumdto ”Ds’ ly trjdm den succoss iotbhn.

>3



Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr gmoxuro0

Gjrst ^rjdm0

Dssuio d 9 >″

Ds 9 <316.<> / [6.: Ñ >6 Ñ {41.? – (>/<)}Y 9 >.<? je<

d 9 Dsg y/ (6.2?g c‼lw)

9 >.<? Ñ >6/ (6.2? Ñ 3 Ñ 4>) 9 >.17 jecbos

>>





Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr gmoxuro0

Sochen ^rjdm0

^bjrn ^rjdm0

”Cmhso oehuab th tbo provjhus vdmuo hg ”d’ sh tbdt Ds 9 >.31 je< H.K

>?

• Ds 9 <316.<> / [6.: Ñ >6 Ñ {41.? – (>.17/<)}Y 9 >.3? je<

• d 9 >.3? Ñ >6/ (6.2? Ñ 3 Ñ 4>) 9 >.22 jecbos

• Ds 9 <316.<> / [6.: Ñ >6 Ñ {41.? – (>.22/<)}Y 9 >.31 je<

• d 9 >.31 Ñ >6/ (6.2? Ñ 3 Ñ 4>) 9 >.:6 jecbos



Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr gmoxuro0

Cbock ghr idxjiui den ijejiui rojeghrcoioet dmmhwon ly DCJ0

τije

9 3 g‼ /g y

≯ <66/g y

(DCJ 46.?.4)

3 Ñ 3666 />6666 9 6.66>

<66/>6666 9 6.66?

^boroghro, τije 9 6.66?

Dsije 9 τijelwn 9 6.66? Ñ 4> Ñ 41.? 9 4.<<? je<

>7





Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr gmoxuro0

τidx 9 6.2?μ4(g c‼/g y){οu/(οu + οt)}

οt 9 Eot toesjmo strdje (DCJ 46.3.>). Qboe οt 9 6.66?, Χ 9 6.: ghr gmoxurdm nosjae.

μ49 6.2?(ghr g c‼ ≮ >666 psj, DCJ 46.<.1.3)

τidx 9 6.2? Ñ 6.2? Ñ (3/>6) Ñ (6.663/(6.663+6.66?) 9 6.6<6> 9 < % hg drod hg

checroto.

Dsidx 9 6.6<6> Ñ 4> Ñ 41.? 9 >.::2 je<

Dsije (4.<<?) = Ds (>.31) = Dsidx (>.::2) H.K

>1



Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr gmoxuro0

Ldr Vmdcoioet0 46 #7 ldrs wjmm prhvjno >.>6 je< hg stoom drod wbjcb js

smjabtmy arodtor tbde roqujron.

Htbor hptjhes cde lo oxpmhron. Ghr oxdipmo,

2 #1ldrs (>.26 je<),

7 #2ldrs (>.1> je<),

hr chiljedtjhe hg twh njggoroet sjzo ldrs.

>2





Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr gmoxuro0

Curtdjmioet hg gmoxurdm rojeghrcoioet0

Vhsjtjvo stoom cde lo curtdjmon ?6 % dt d njstdeco (m /2) grhi gdco hg

tbo supphrt.

Ghr Curtdjmioet den loet up ldr notdjms rogor th tbo ghmmhwjea gjauros

prhvjnon dt tbo oen hg tbjs mocturo0

Ardpb D< den D3 je ”Dppoenjx D’ hg Ejmshe 43tb On.

Gjauro ?.4? hg cbdptor ? je Ejmshe 43tb On.

>:



Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr Sbodr0

Wu 9 33.1> kjps

ΧWc

9 (Cdpdcjty hg checroto je sbodr) 9 Χ< g‼ lw

n

9 6.1?Ñ<Ñ 3666 Ñ4>Ñ41.?/4666 9 <6.43 k (Χ96.1?, DCJ :.3.<.3)

Ds ΧWc = Wu, Sbodr rojeghrcoioet js roqujron.

?6





Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr Sbodr0

Dssuijea #3, < moaaon (6.<< je<), vortjcdm stjrrups.

Spdcjea roqujron (Sn) 9 ΧDvg yn/ (Wu – ΧWc)

9 6.1?Ñ6.<<Ñ>6Ñ41.?/ (33.1>–<6.43) ≂ 2.?″

?4



Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr Sbodr0

Idxjiui spdcjea den ijejiui rojeghrcoioet roqujroioet ds

porijtton ly DCJ 44.>.? den 44.>.7 js ijejiui hg0

sidx 9 Dvg y/(?6lw) 96.<< Ñ >6666/(?6 Ñ 4>) 9 4<.?1″

sidx 9 n/< 9 41.?/< 9 2.1?″

sidx 9 <>″

Dvg y/ 6.1?∐(g c‼)lw 9 6.<<Ñ>6666/ {(6.1?Ñ∐(3666)Ñ4>} 94?.36″

^boroghro sidx 9 2.1?″

?<





Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr Sbodr0

Htbor cbocks0

Cbock ghr noptb hg lodi0

ΧWs ≮ Χ2 g‼ lwn (DCJ 44.>.1.:)

Χ2 g‼ lwn 9 6 . 1 ? Ñ 2 Ñ 3666 Ñ 4>Ñ 41.?/4666 9 26.?< k

ΧWs 9 Wu – ΧWc 9 33.1> – <6.43 943.74 k = 26.?< k, H.K.

^boroghro noptb js H.K. Jg eht, jecrodso noptb hg lodi.

?3



Oxdipmo 4.7


Shmutjhe0


Nosjae ghr Sbodr0

Htbor cbocks0

Cbock jg ”ΧWs

≮ Χ> g‼ lw

n’ (DCJ 44.>.?.3)0

Jg ”ΧWs ≮ Χ> g‼ lwn’, tbo idxjiui spdcjea (sidx) js H.K. Htborwjso

ronuco spdcjea ly heo bdmg.

43.74 kjps = >6.<7 kjps H.K.

?>





Oxdipmo 4.7


Stop 6?0 Nrdgtjea (Sbodr \ojeghrcoioet)

??

Ehto0

Ds Sn ≂ Sidx wo wjm m prhvjno sn up th 1.? gt grhi

tbo gdco hg supphrt. Loyhen tbjs phjet, tbohrotjcdmmy

eh rojeghrcoioet js roqujron, bhwovor, wo wjm m

prhvjno #3 <-moaaonstjrrupsF 4< je c/c.

x4

3.:?6> kjp/gt

33.1> kjps3:.?6kjps <6.43 kjps

46.67 kjps

x<

x4 9 (46.67)(46)/(3:.?6) ≂ <.? gt

x< 9 (<6.43)(46)/(3:.?6) ≂ ?.6 gt



Oxdipmo 4.7 Gmoxurdm den Sbodr Nosjae hg Lodi ds por DCJ0

Stop 6?0 Nrdgtjea (Gmoxurdm \ojeghrcoioet)

?7

SOC^JHE L-L

#3, < moaaon

stjrrups F 2.?" c/c<6"

4>"

< #> Ldrs

(? + ?) #7 Ldrs

SOC^JHE C-C

#3, < moaaon

stjrrups F 4<" c/c<6"

4>"

< #> Ldrs

(? + ?) #7 Ldrs

SOC^JHE D-D

<6"

? #7 Ldrs

#3, < moaaon

stjrrups F 2.?" c/c

< #> Ldrs

4>"

D

D

L

L

M 9 <6.6'

M/2 9 <.?'

s/< 9 >.<?"

M/2 9 <.?'

#3, < moaaon vortjcdm stjrrups F 2.?" c/c

4" Spdcor ldrs F 3' c/c

< #> ldrs

? #7 Ldrs(? + ?) #7 Ldrs

#3, < moaaon vortjcdm stjrrups F 2.?" c/c#3, < moaaon

vortjcdm stjrrups F 4<" c/c

1.?' ?.6' 1.?'

C

C





3N Ihnom

Skotcb_p Ihnom

?1



\ogoroecos

DCJ 342-44

Nosjae hg Checroto Structuros (43tb On.) ly Ejmshe,

Ndrwje den Nhmde

?2





Dppoenjx

?:

Oxdct curtdjmioets moeatbs ghr sjipmy supphrton phsjtjvo ihioets (th lo iodsuron grhi gdco hg tbo supphrt)



Dppoenjx

76

Gjauro0 Cuthgg ghr ldrs je dpprhxjidtomy oqudm spdes wjtb uejghrimy njstrjluton mhdns

M4 M

<

M4

>

M4

3

M<

3

M<

3

M4

2

M<

2

M<

2





^bo Oen

74

Documents

L 01 Introduction RCD 2