Are You suprised ?
. 1.
..........................................................................................................
2. , ................................. 3. .3.1.
...................................................... 3.2.
.............................................................. 3.3.
.................................. 3.4.
................................................................................................
3.5. ............................................ 3.6.
......................................... 3.7.
........................................... 3.8.
.................................................................
4. .4.1. ........................................... 4.2. , ,
........................................................................
4.3. , ...... 5. .5.1.
................................................ 5.2. , ,
.......................................................... 5.3.
......................................................................
5.4. ........................................................ 5.5.
.
..................................................................
5.6. ............................................................
5.7. ................................................ 5.8. -
.............................................................. 6. .
6.1. . 6.2. ... 6.3.
....................................................... 6.4.
.................................................. 6.5.
............................................................. 6.6.
,
................................................................................
1. . , . , . , , . . , , . , , . , , .. . , :1. ;
2. . , , , . , , . . , . , , , ..
(, , ) , , , , , .. .
: , , , , , , , . , , -- . , , , , , , . , , . - , , . , , . .2.
, . () . .
( , ..).
. . ( 46f9 , .
2 .
1 ( 81h12 37 . 50 , 50 24 . . 3 : 2 (4,2 15 30 ; 1 ( 4,2 10 . 15
20 , . 50 , .2 (46f9 30 . (27h9 44 , . , . 1,6, . 0,2 . 3. .
3.1. .
, , : , , . . . . , . 24
M = 1,49 400 . 3 .
, .
. , .
75-80% . .
, , . , . - . , - . -, , . , , , , . , .
3-5 . , , , .
3.2. .
, , .. . , , . . , . , . , , . . . . , . , , . , . , ; , . % 40
4543-71
SiMnCrNiCuSP
0,36-0,440,17-0,370,50-0,800,45-0,750,300,300,0350,035
.
3.3. . , , , , .
, .
, .
, .
, .
, .
: , , .
, , , . 21495-76 , , .
, .
, .
- , .
- , , .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
02.23.006. 1 \
005. .
010. .
015.
020.
025-. .
030-. .
035 . .
040 . .
045-. .
050-. .
055.
060-. .
065. .
070.
075. .
080. .
085
090
095
3.4. .
, , , .
, , . , , .
:
:
005. .
010. .
015. .
020. .
025. .
030. .
035. .
040. .
045. .
050. .
055. .
060. .
065. .
070. .
075. .
080. .
085. .
090. .005. .
010. .
015. .
020. .
025. .
030. .
035. .
040. .
045. .
050. .
055. .
060. .
065. .
070. .
075. .
080. .
085. .
090. .
095. .
3.5. .
, , , . , :
1. , ;
2.
;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
6. ;
7. ;
8. .
, , , . . , . - 02.23.006. 2 \
005-
8662 N = 8
= 0,8 2257-0163
4047-82
010
015
020
025- - 1620
N = 10
= 0,75
2112 0003
18880 83
2141 0008
18883 73 2301 0087 10903 77 2301 0153
10903 77
030- - 1620
N = 10
= 0,75
2112 0003
18880 83
2112 0002 18880 83
2103 0059
18880 75
035- - 612
N = 7
= 0,8
2214 0001
24359 80
040-- 612
N = 7
= 0,8
2223 0279
17026 71
045- - 612
N = 7
= 0,8
2223 0298
17026 71
050- - 682
N = 7
= 0,8 2- 2223 0007
17096 71
055
060-- 2125
N = 2,8
= 0,8
2300 6545
10902 77
2300 2452
10902 77
2620 2501
0657420N = 5,5
= 0,8 2184 0555
10046 72
070
0753722
N = 10
= 0,8
250*75*509462-1,6
2424 83
080312N = 7
= 0,8
300*127*4016-252
2424 83
085
090
095
3.5 . , .
, .
- , .
. .
.
.
.
1. .
2. .
3. 26 .65
4. 27 . 66 [3] Rz .
5. 29 . 67 [3] Rz T .
6. 31. 68 [3] .
7. 36 . 76 [3]
8. .
:
:
9. .
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. . 2z max__4130610
2z min__
2800530
d max85,9681,8381,22
d min83,76
80,9680,43
( 2200870790
2z min__2*14002*263
(000
P10506342
T20010030
Rz15010030
161412
3.6. .
- [030]
: - 1620
: 7032-0035 13214-79; 7107-0047 2578-70;
: 2103 0059 18880 75 :
: -1 0.1 125 166-88
1. :
2. , . 11 . 266 [4]
S = 0, 6 1, 2 /
: S = 0, 6 /.
3. :
. 17 . 269 [4] .
EMBED Equation.3 = 340, x = 0,15,
= 0,45, m = 0,2
() 60 . .
:
, - .
=
. 2 . 262 [4] nv; = 1,0; = 1 . 5 . 263 [4] , . = 0,8
. 6 . 263 [4] , = 1
4. .
5. .
6. .
. 22 . 273 [4] .
= 300
X = 1
y = 0,75
n = - 0,15
. 9 . 264 [4] :
, - .
, .
= 0,89
= 1,1
= 0,87
= 1,0
= 0,8 * 0,89 * 1,1 * 1,0 * 0,87 = 0,68
5. :
( 2,4( 7,5
6.
EMBED Equation.3 [045].: 612.
: : 2223 0298 17026 71. : I-125 166-89.1.
t = 20 . . 33 . 283 [4] = 0,09 0,18 /. = 0,5 /.
2. :
. 40 . 290 [4] . = 80 .
. 39 . 287 [4] .
= 46,7 m = 0,33 q = 0,45 u = 0,1
x = 0,5 p = 0,1
= 0,5
. 1 6 . 261 263 [4] .
= 6.
= 0,8.
= 1.
= 6 * 0,8 * 1 = 0,48
3. :
n = 160 /4. :
5. :
= 12,5,
x = 0,85,
y = 0,75,
n = 1,
q = 0,73
w = - 0,13
7. .
8. .
9. .3.7 .
- [025].
1. :
= 3,05 2. :
,
t , . 33 [6]; t , [6]; t , [6]; t .
3. :
4. :
5. :
6. :
7. . 70 [6]
.. = 26
8. :
n - , .
- [065]
1. :
= 1,58
2. :
,
t. , ; t. , .
3. :
4. :
5. :
6. :
7. [6]:
- = 17
8. :
n ,
02.23.006 . 4
...-n-
t.t.t.t.
005
010
015
020
025-3,050,3241,350,240,835,80,230,236,26264006,33
030-1,790,221,20,240,714,160,170,174,5244004,56
035 6,80,2160,760,12-7,90,320,328.68244008,74
040 2,250,120,380,12-2,870,110,113.09244003,15
045-0,20,120,380,12-0,820,030,030,8824400
050-3,20.120,76--4,080,160,164,4244004,46
055
060-1,580,60,54-0,122,840,110,113,06174003,1
0653,890,120,390,120,75,220,20,25,62164005,66
070
0750,20,550,38--0,930,040,041,01174001,05
0800,170,220,16--0,550,0220,0220,594174001,019
085.
090.
095.
4. .
4.1. . .
. . , , .1. .
32 . 281 [4] .
= 68
= 1
= 0,7
= 0 * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 0 = 1,5 ;
1 = 1,2 ;
2 = 1 ;
3 = 1 ;
4 = 1,3 ; ;
5 = 1 - .
= 1,5 * 1,2 * 1 * 1 * 1,3 * 1 = 2,34
2. .
3. .
- .
= 2
= 6
= 0,1
:
: = 200 = 0,28
10 .
4. .
EMBED Equation.3
4.2 , , .
.1. : 18.2. 6 8 . 40.
3. :
S = 0,5, V = 12 /
4. .
[4].
= 68, = 1,0, = 0,7
5. .
[4].
= 0,0345, = 2,0, = 0,8 =
6. .
7. .
- .
- .
- , = 0,096.
8. . 3.
D1 = 24,7 , d2 = 19,8 , L = 99 .
9. , .
- , = 0,096.
10. , . .
0,1 100 .
11. .
12. .
.
13. . L = 280 , L0 = 170 , L2 = 113 .
14. .
B = 4,5, A = 2,5, = 55
.
.
f0 = 1,6 .
15. .
16. .
= 1.
4.3 .
02. 23. 006 0,02 . . .
.
- , - - . . - . 0,01.3 1. , . . . , . : 02. 23. 006 , . . , ,
.
5. .
.
.
EMBED Equation.3 :
- .
- .
- - .
: - (0,8 5) = 1,1.
- (0,97 5) = 1,5 - (0,5 1,5) =1.
42,65 * 1,1 * 1,5 * 1 = 69,6
:
= n * i * m:
n ,
i ,
m .
= 400 * 3 * 50 = 60000 .
5.1. .
. : 5 1975 . 22. , 6 % .
EMBED Equation.3
:
,
:- ( 3984 ).
- ( 1).
.
5 / ...
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3,5 %
365
10
295
96
10
2494144
160
3984
.
6 / % %
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
30 40
10 20
5 10
10 15
5 10
5 8 451510
15
10
56,56
2,28
1,64
2,46
1,64
0,827
32
3
2
10,94
0,82
0,82
0,82
0,82
0,82
:100 %16,4180,86
.
. 7/
. . . .
1.2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
-
-
-
-
-
1620
161616203
612
682
2125
21353722
312
7420
75204
2
1
2
1
111
2
2
110
10
6,3
7
7
2,2410
7
5,5
2240
20
6,3
14
7
2,2410
14
11
22320000
210000
600000
300000
270000
90000
950002000000
1527000
150000
400000
32000
21000
60000
30000
27000
9000
9500200000
152700
15000
400001408000
462000
660000
660000
297000
990001450002200000
3359400
330000
440000
:18155,710190400
5.2. , , .
:
: - .
. 8 /
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. .
.
.
.
:
.
:
.365
10
259
96
16,5
2
3
1
1,5
235
0,5
1
2342072
132
16
24
8
12
1880
4
8
1872
. 9 / -
12345612
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
13
7
4
5
3
1
26
2
2
1
14
3
2
2
1
13
2
3
2
4,24
3,5
5,4
3,7
4
3,57
4
2
3
2
1
16
3
2
2
1
-
1
:3512138242015
. 20 25%.
. 10 / -
12345612
1.
2.
3.- .
.
.2.
2.
2.
1
1
21
15,55,5
5
1
1
11
1
1
:6425,333
, , .. .
10 12% 4 6%.
12 /. .15% .
..
1.
2.
3.
4..
-
-
2.
2.
1.
1.
3900
2900
3700
2200585435
555
330
4485
3335
4255
253053820
40020
51060
30360
:618860226320
5.3. .
. :
: - ,
- , = 1,2
- , = 1,8
- , = 1,15
123456
12,1514,6017,0019,4022,0025,00
:
.
123456
5,086,087,088,079,2210,40
5.4. .
1. : 40.
2. : = 2,32 .
3. : 12 ./.
4. :
5. :
6. .
: - = 7% .
.
1. : = 1,49 .
2. :
3. :
: - , = 0,95.
4. : 1,2 ./.
5. :
6. :
-51916,68
, .3507,84
. ,1703,16
, ./1,2
, .946,2
, .0,83
, .50112
./.12
2784
, .2,32
40
/1.
5.5. . .
1. :
: - 1 /. , = 1,34 (.),
- ,
: - , = 155,7 .
- , = 3984 .
- , = 0,86.
- , = 0,6.
- , = 0,95.
- , = 0,85.
2. .
: - ,
= 90 (.)
- .
3. .
: - 1 , = 6,28 (.)
- , = 25 ()
- .
4 , 12 %, 12,2 %.
5 7 % .
6. 1000 . .
19*1000 = 19000 (.)
7. 500 .
19*500 = 9500 (.)
8. , 38,5 %.
9. 500 .
= 35 .
= 6 .
(35+6)*500 = 20500 (.)
10. (, , ) 5 % .
5.6. .
14 / .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1. :
.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
2. :
.
.
.
531153,33
12334,46
4428,66
1232110
713328
19000
9500
4284185,19
20500
142693,95
:341326,98
5.7. .
1. .
2. .
EMBED Equation.3 3. 20 % .
4. 38,5 % .
4. , 500 % .
5. .
. 15 / .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. :
.
.
.
.
2. :
.43,26
285,612,36140
.229,22
5.8. - . 16/
. ..
1.
.60000
2.
.1200
3. .
.2,32
4. .
.1,49
5. ._0,64
6. ..69,6
7. .
. .18
8. .
_0,86
9. :
.
.
.
.
35
6
5
1
10. 1 .
.1714
11. 1 .
.6959,57
12. ..
229,22
6. .6.1 . - , - , , , , . . : , , , . 02.23.006 . , , 18* 12. ,
. 18 , 12 . . , , , . , , . , , . , , . - ; - ; :- - ;- ;- ;
: - ;- ;
- ; ; .6.2 . , , , , . , , . , . . , . . , . . , , . , - . . : .
- . . . .6.3. . , . , , - , , . , - , . , , , , . , , , . , . . , ,
. . , . 6.4. . : ; - ; ; . . : , - (), . , . . , . , , , , , , . ,
. . , , , . . , . , . . . . , . , , . . - , . .6.5. (). . , . .
9004-2001, . , , . , . . , , -. - () - , . , , . 100%, 10%, 50%
100%. , , , , .6.6. , , . , :
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. . , , , .
5. , . . ( ) . ( ) , . 6. .
7. , (, , , ) . . .
8. (1,5 ), (1 ), .
9. .
10. , . . , , , . , :1. . , .
2. . , , .3. . : , , . . , . , , . . :1. .. , .: , 1989.2. . 3.
.. , 1975.4. 1 2 .. , 1986.
5. , . 1967.6. . . 1989.7. .. 1989.8. . , . 1977.9. .
10. . , . , 1975.11. .. , ; , 1975.
12. .. - , . 1982.
13. .. , . 1985.
14. . , . 1985.15. ..
PAGE
_1115730067.unknown
_1116592814.unknown
_1117375873.unknown
_1117469293.unknown
_1117519005.unknown
_1117519085.unknown
_1117519186.unknown
_1117519229.unknown
_1117519240.unknown
_1117519205.unknown
_1117519112.unknown
_1117519055.unknown
_1117519067.unknown
_1117519048.unknown
_1117471047.unknown
_1117471081.unknown
_1117472276.unknown
_1117472291.unknown
_1117472227.unknown
_1117471073.unknown
_1117470163.unknown
_1117376142.unknown
_1117376905.unknown
_1117377312.unknown
_1117377349.unknown
_1117377539.unknown
_1117377908.unknown
_1117377331.unknown
_1117377271.unknown
_1117376637.unknown
_1117376837.unknown
_1117376254.unknown
_1117376044.unknown
_1117376053.unknown
_1117375915.unknown
_1116661167.unknown
_1116942229.unknown
_1117176709.unknown
_1117178084.unknown
_1117178505.unknown
_1117178577.unknown
_1117178596.unknown
_1117178488.unknown
_1117176739.unknown
_1117116138.unknown
_1117175709.unknown
_1116942590.unknown
_1116941971.unknown
_1116942021.unknown
_1116942215.unknown
_1116941980.unknown
_1116941439.unknown
_1116941929.unknown
_1116663469.unknown
_1116663722.unknown
_1116664821.unknown
_1116663636.unknown
_1116663407.unknown
_1116659389.unknown
_1116659795.unknown
_1116661064.unknown
_1116659595.unknown
_1116658985.unknown
_1116659135.unknown
_1116593339.unknown
_1115798458.unknown
_1116493286.unknown
_1116495459.unknown
_1116496892.unknown
_1116497996.unknown
_1116592546.unknown
_1116592718.unknown
_1116592095.unknown
_1116498448.unknown
_1116498449.unknown
_1116498315.unknown
_1116498350.unknown
_1116498065.unknown
_1116497733.unknown
_1116497799.unknown
_1116497812.unknown
_1116497772.unknown
_1116497493.unknown
_1116497732.unknown
_1116497367.unknown
_1116496419.unknown
_1116496750.unknown
_1116496855.unknown
_1116496591.unknown
_1116496078.unknown
_1116496292.unknown
_1116495502.unknown
_1116494196.unknown
_1116494928.unknown
_1116495026.unknown
_1116495428.unknown
_1116494972.unknown
_1116494422.unknown
_1116494853.unknown
_1116494207.unknown
_1116493609.unknown
_1116493985.unknown
_1116494049.unknown
_1116493295.unknown
_1116424264.unknown
_1116493094.unknown
_1116493267.unknown
_1116493278.unknown
_1116493129.unknown
_1116492988.unknown
_1116493066.unknown
_1116423561.unknown
_1116423611.unknown
_1116423887.unknown
_1116423202.unknown
_1115797876.unknown
_1115798099.unknown
_1115798225.unknown
_1115798283.unknown
_1115798148.unknown
_1115798205.unknown
_1115798063.unknown
_1115798082.unknown
_1115798041.unknown
_1115796779.unknown
_1115797365.unknown
_1115797634.unknown
_1115797227.unknown
_1115730557.unknown
_1115730836.unknown
_1115796579.unknown
_1115730078.unknown
_1115209986.unknown
_1115727133.unknown
_1115728174.unknown
_1115729181.unknown
_1115729979.unknown
_1115730036.unknown
_1115729938.unknown
_1115729932.unknown
_1115728629.unknown
_1115729171.unknown
_1115728597.unknown
_1115727521.unknown
_1115728035.unknown
_1115728118.unknown
_1115728054.unknown
_1115727884.unknown
_1115727988.unknown
_1115727359.unknown
_1115727466.unknown
_1115727266.unknown
_1115727299.unknown
_1115643882.unknown
_1115644655.unknown
_1115645128.unknown
_1115645529.unknown
_1115644836.unknown
_1115643972.unknown
_1115644039.unknown
_1115644045.unknown
_1115644018.unknown
_1115643965.unknown
_1115643512.unknown
_1115643745.unknown
_1115643872.unknown
_1115643854.unknown
_1115643593.unknown
_1115643054.unknown
_1115643109.unknown
_1115210550.unknown
_1115642737.unknown
_1115210549.unknown
_1114340676.unknown
_1114415284.unknown
_1114503606.unknown
_1114688535.unknown
_1114849781.unknown
_1114850187.unknown
_1115208825.unknown
_1115209913.unknown
_1115033893.unknown
_1115047134.unknown
_1115047803.unknown
_1114850747.unknown
_1114849800.unknown
_1114849847.unknown
_1114849792.unknown
_1114849546.unknown
_1114849613.unknown
_1114849716.unknown
_1114849739.unknown
_1114849670.unknown
_1114849604.unknown
_1114688592.unknown
_1114503762.unknown
_1114504076.unknown
_1114688469.unknown
_1114688481.unknown
_1114503812.unknown
_1114503654.unknown
_1114503718.unknown
_1114503613.unknown
_1114502790.unknown
_1114503253.unknown
_1114503461.unknown
_1114503469.unknown
_1114503264.unknown
_1114503065.unknown
_1114503107.unknown
_1114502872.unknown
_1114416032.unknown
_1114502642.unknown
_1114502713.unknown
_1114502565.unknown
_1114415385.unknown
_1114415410.unknown
_1114415341.unknown
_1114347859.unknown
_1114414580.unknown
_1114414875.unknown
_1114414953.unknown
_1114414831.unknown
_1114348639.unknown
_1114349314.unknown
_1114348498.unknown
_1114347550.unknown
_1114347658.unknown
_1114347758.unknown
_1114347828.unknown
_1114347732.unknown
_1114347582.unknown
_1114340958.unknown
_1114346299.unknown
_1114340936.unknown
_1114263731.unknown
_1114263894.unknown
_1114263992.unknown
_1114264249.unknown
_1114340665.unknown
_1114264093.unknown
_1114263949.unknown
_1114263980.unknown
_1114263937.unknown
_1114263814.unknown
_1114263863.unknown
_1114263877.unknown
_1114263842.unknown
_1114263802.unknown
_1114263803.unknown
_1114263756.unknown
_1114263769.unknown
_1105280648.unknown
_1114263633.unknown
_1114263690.unknown
_1114263703.unknown
_1114263715.unknown
_1114263677.unknown
_1114154263.unknown
_1114155900.unknown
_1114156022.unknown
_1114263590.unknown
_1114156052.unknown
_1114155958.unknown
_1114154436.unknown
_1114069787.unknown
_1114073955.unknown
_1106570865.unknown
_1073738764.unknown
_1073807125.unknown
_1073807415.unknown
_1074686753.unknown
_1073807500.unknown
_1073807393.unknown
_1073739076.unknown
_1073739168.unknown
_1073738917.unknown
_1067688252.unknown
_1073514709.unknown
_1067688142.unknown
