ky thuat vi xu ly - pham ngoc nam

8/14/2019 ky thuat vi xu ly - pham ngoc nam

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KK thuthu tt vivi xx ll

MM icroprocessorscroprocessors

Ging vin: Ph m Ng c Nam


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2/Chapter1 DHBK 2005

Your instructor Your instructor

B mn k thu t in t tin h cOffice: C9-401Email: [email protected]

Research:FPGA, PSoC, h nhng

Tr tu nhn t o Education:

K37 in t - HBK H n i (1997)

Master v tr tu nhn t o 1999, i hc K.U. Leuven,v ng qu c B

ti: Nh n d ng ch vit tayTin s k thu t chuyn ngnh in t -tin h c, 9/ 2004, ihc K.U. Leuven, V ng Qu c B

ti: qu n l ch t l ng d ch v trong cc ng d ng aph ng ti n tin ti n


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NNii dungdung mnmn hhcc

1. Gii thi u chung v h vi x l2. B vi x l Intel 8088/80863. Lp trnh h p ng cho 80864. T ch c vo ra d liu5. Ng t v x l ng t6. Truy c p b nh tr c ti p DMA7. Cc b vi x l trn th c t


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TT ii liliuu thamtham khkh oo

Slides V n Th Minh, K thu t vi x l, Nh xu t b n gio

dc, 1997. Barry B. Brey, The Intel Microprocessors:

8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486,

Pentium and Pentium Pro Processor: Architecture,Programming, and Interfacing, Fourth Edition,Prentice Hall, 1997.

Qu ch Tu n Ng c v c ng s , Ngn ng lp trnhAssembly v my vi tnh IBM-PC, 2 t p, Nh xu tbn gio d c, 1995.

Cm n gio s Rudy Lauwereins cho php s dng slides c a ng


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MMcc chch cc aa mnmn hhcc

Nm c c u trc, nguyn l ho t ng c a b vix l v h vi x l

C kh n ng l p trnh b ng h p ng cho vi x l C kh n ng la ch n vi x l thch h p cho cc

ng d ng c th

Nm c cc b vi x l trn th c t


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BB ii tt pp llnn vv thithi

Bi t p ln: thi t k mt ng d ng trn vi iu khi n:20% t ng s im

Lm theo nhm 2-6 sinh vinNp danh sch cc nhm vo 3/1Cc nhm trnh by t ng 17/1

Kim tra: 10%3 bi ki m tra khng bo tr cd t nh t 2 bi v k t qu ca 2 bi > 5: 1 imthi u 2 bi tr ln: khng c thi l n 1

Thi h c k :1 cu l thuy t, 2 cu bi t p (lp trnh v thi t k )70% t ng s im


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7/Chapter1 DHBK 2005 Ch ngCh ng 11GiGiii thithi uu chungchung vv hh vivi xx ll

Lch s pht tri n c a cc b vi x l v my tnh Phn lo i vi x l Cc h m dng trong my tnh ( nh c li) Gii thi u s l c v c u trc v ho t ng c a h vi

x l


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Lch s pht tri n c a cc b vi x l v my tnhTh h -1: The early days (-1642)Th h 0: Mechanical (1642-1945)Th h 1: Vacuum tubes (1945-1955)Th h 2: Discrete transistors (1955-1965)Th h 3: Integrated circuits (1965-1980)Th h 4: VLSI (1980-?)

Phn lo i vi x l Cc h m dng trong my tnh ( nh c li) Gii thi u s l c v c u trc v ho t ng c a h vi

x l


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x l


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10/Chapter1 DHBK 2005 ThTh hh --1: The early days (1: The early days ( --1642)1642)

Bn tnh, abacus , c s dng tnh ton.Khi ni m v gi tr theo v tr c x dng


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Th k 12: Muhammad ibn Musa Al'Khowarizmi ara khi ni m v giithu t algorithm


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Codex Madrid - Leonardo Da Vinci (1500)V mt ci my tnh c kh


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x l


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ThTh hh 0: Mechanical (16420: Mechanical (1642 --1945)1945)

Blaise Pascal, con trai c a m t ng

i thu thu ,

ch to mt my c ng c nh vo n m 1642


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N m 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard pht minh ramy d t t ng s dng ba c l iu khi n ho tit d t trn v i

Ba c l l u tr ch ng trnh: my a n ng utin


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1822, Charles Babbagenh n ra r ng cc b ngtnh dng trong hnghi c qu nhi u li dnti vic r t nhiu tu b mt tch

ng xin chnh ph Anh h tr nghincu v my tnh


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Babbage thi t k mt ci my vi phn Difference Engine thay th ton b bng tnh: my th c hi n mt ng d ng c th u tin (application specific hard-coded machine)


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Ada Augusta King, tr thnh l p trnh vin utin vo n m 1842 khic vi t ch ng trnh choAnalytical Engine, thi tb th 2 c a Babbage


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Herman Hollerith, ng i M, thi t k mt my tnh x l d liu v dn s M 1890

ng thnh l p cng ty, Hollerith TabulatingCompany, sau y l Calculating-Tabulating-Recording (C-T-R) company vo n m 1914 v sauny c i tn l IBM (International BusinessMachine) vo n m 1924.


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Konrad Zuse, Berlin, c , ph t tri n vo n m 1935 m ytnh Z-1 s dng r le v s nh phn

Chu k lnh: 6 gi y (0.17 Hz)


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My tnh c in t ng ln a n ng u tin lmy Harvard Mark I ( IBM Automatic Sequence ControlCalculator ), ph t minh b i Howard Aiken v o cu i 1930

ASCC kh ng ph i l my tnh c ch ng trnh l u tr sn m cc l nh c ghi vo cc b ng gi y.


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Grace Murray Hopper found the first computer bug beaten todeath in the jaws of a relay. She glued it into the logbook of the computer and thereafter when the machine stops(frequently) she told Howard Aiken that they are "debugging"the computer.

Lab book!!

Numbered pagesfor USA patents


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x l


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ThTh hh 1: Vacuum tubes (19451: Vacuum tubes (1945 --1955)1955)

N m 1943, JohnMauchly v J.Presper Eckertbt u nghincu v ENIAC


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18000 vacuum tubes, 1500 r le, 30 t n, 140 kW, 20 thanh ghi10 ch s th p phn, 100 nghn php tnh/ giy

Trong t ng lai my tnh s nng t i a l 1.5 t n (Popular Mechanics, 1949)


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Lp trnh thng qua 6000 cng t c nhi u n c v hng t n d y


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N m 1946, John von Neumann pht minh ra mytnh c ch ng trnh l u trong b nh

My tnh c a ng g m c m t n v iu khi n, m tALU, mt b nh ch ng trnh v d liu v s dngs nh phn thay v s th p phn.

My tnh ngy nay u c c u trc von Neumann ng t n n mng cho hi n t ng von Neumann

bottleneck, s khng t ng thch gi a t c cab nh vi n v x l


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N m 1948, my tnh c ch ng trnh l u tr trong b nh u

tin c v n hnh t i tr ng i hc Manchester:Manchester Mark I


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N m 1951, my tnh Whirlwind l n u tin s dngb nh li t (magnetic core memories). G n ynguyn l ny c s dng l i ch to MRAM dng tch h p.


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N m 1954, John Backus, IBM pht minh raFORTRAN


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Lch s pht tri n c a cc b vi x l v my tnhTh h -1: The early days (-1642)Th h 0: Mechanical (1642-1945)Th h 1: Vacuum tubes (1945-1955)Th h 2: Discrete transistors (1955-1965)Th h 3: Integrated circuits (1965-1980)

Th h 4: VLSI (1980-?) Phn lo i vi x l Cc h m dng trong my tnh ( nh c li) Gii thi u s l c v c u trc v ho t ng c a h vi

x l


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ThTh hh 2: Discrete transistors (19552: Discrete transistors (1955 --1965)1965)

N m 1947, William Shockley, John Bardeen, andWalter Brattain pht minh ra transistor


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ThTh hh 2: Discrete transistors (19552: Discrete transistors (1955 --1965)1965)

N m 1955, IBM cng b IBM704, my tnhmainframe s dng tranzistor

y l my tnh v i php ton d u ph y ng utin (5 kFlops, clock: 300 kHz)


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Lch s pht tri n c a cc b vi x l v my tnhTh h -1: The early days (-1642)Th h 0: Mechanical (1642-1945)Th h 1: Vacuum tubes (1945-1955)Th h 2: Discrete transistors (1955-1965)Th h 3: Integrated circuits (1965-1980)

Th h 4: VLSI (1980-?) Phn lo i vi x l Cc h m dng trong my tnh ( nh c li) Gii thi u s l c v c u trc v ho t ng c a h vi

x l


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ThTh hh 3: Integrated circuits (19653: Integrated circuits (1965 --1980)1980)

N m 1958, Jack St. Clair Kilby of TexasInstruments (Nobel prize physics, 2000) a ra vch ng minh t ng tch h p 1 transistor v i cc in tr v t in trn m t chip bn d n vi kchth c 1 n a ci k p gi y. y chnh l IC.


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7/4/1964 IBM a ra System/360, h my tnh t ngthch u tin c a IBM


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N m 1971, Ted Hoff ch to Intel 4004 theo n t hng c a m t

cng ty Nh t b n to chip s n xu t calculator.

y l vi x l

utin v i 2400 transistor (microprocessor, processor-on-a-chip).

4 b t d liu, 12 bit a ch


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1973-1974, Edward Roberts, William Yates and Jim Bybee

ch to MITS Altair 8800, m y tnh c nhn u tin Gi $375, 256 bytes of memory, kh ng keyboard, kh ng

mn hnh v khng b nh ngoi Sau , Bill Gate v Paul Allen v it ch ng trnh d ch

BASIC cho Altair


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ThTh hh 4: VLSI (19804: VLSI (1980 --?)?)

N m 1981, IBM bt u vi IBM "PC" s dng h iu hnh DOS.


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ThTh hh 4: VLSI (19804: VLSI (1980 --?)?)

N m 1984, Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) a ra

my tnh bn Alto v i giao di n ng i v my hon tonmi: windows, bi u t ng, mouse

Con chu t u tin


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ThTh hh 4: VLSI (19804: VLSI (1980 --?)?)

N m 1986, si u my tnh Cray-XMP v i 4 b x l ttc tnh ton l 840 MFlops. N c lm mt b ng n c

Ch 1


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ThTh hh 4: VLSI (19804: VLSI (1980 --?)?)

Tc tnh ton ny t c vi my tnh cnhn 1 vi x l , Pentium III, v o qu 1 n m 2000

48/Ch 1


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Lch s pht tri n c a cc b vi x l v my tnh Phn lo i vi x l Cc h m dng trong my tnh ( nh c li) Gii thi u s l c v c u trc v ho t ng c a h vi

x l

49/Ch t 1


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PhnPhn lolo ii vivi xx ll



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**EngineEnginePerformance andPerformance andEmission ControlEmission Control

(Traction Control)(Traction Control)

**Safety SystemsSafety Systems

**Cabin AirCabin AirQualityQuality

**SuspensionSuspensionandand

Braking ControlBraking Control

**Steering ControlsSteering Controls **EntertainmentEntertainment

**Intelligent TransportationIntelligent TransportationSystem (ITS)System (ITS)

**Digital CarDigital CarRadioRadio

**LightingLighting

**Gear BoxGear Box

BMW > 100 processors Trung bnh 1 cng dn M ~ 75 processors



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Type Gi (USD) Example applicationDisposable system 1 Greeting cardsEmbedded system 10 Watches, cars,

appliancesGame computer 100 Home video games

Personal computer 1K Desktop computer Server 10K Network server Collection of workstations

100K Departmentalsupercomputer

Mainframe 1M Batch processing inbank

Supercomputer 10M Weather forecasting

Phn lo i theo gi thnh:



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Phn lo i theo ch c n ng:Vi x l a n ng (General Purpose Microprocessor)DSP (Digital Signal Processor)Vi iu khi n (Microcontroller)ASIP (Application Specific Integrated Processor)

Phn lo i theo t p lnh:CISC (complex Instruction Set computer): my tnh c t p lnh ph c t pnhi u lnh

cu trc ph c t pmi lnh: c di khc nhau v th c hi n trong 1 n ch c chu k xung nh p

RISC (reduced instruction Set computer): my tnh c t p lnh rtgn

t lnhmi lnh c di c nh v th c hi n trong 1 n 2 chu k xung nh pcu trc vi x l n gi n, c nhi u thanh ghitc xung nh p ln v tiu th n ng l ng th p



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Lch s pht tri n c a cc b vi x l v my tnh Phn lo i vi x l Cc h m dng trong my tnh ( nh c li)

Thp phn, Nh phn, H 8, H 16Cng, tr , nhn, chiaCc s mS nguyn, s th c, BCD, ASCII

Gii thi u s l c v c u trc v ho t ng c a h vix l



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HH thth pp phnphn

1234,567 10 =

11000+2100+310+41+50.1+60.01+70.001110 3+210 2+310 1+410 0+510 -1+610 -2+710 -3r = c s (r = 10), d=digit (0 d 9), m = s ch s tr c d u ph y,n = s ch s sau d u ph y

1m

ni

i

ir d D


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p DHBK 2005

HH 8 (Octal)8 (Octal)

7654,32 8=

7512+664+58+41+30.125+20.01562578 3+68 2+58 1+48 0+38 -1+28 -2r = c s (r = 8), d=digit (0 d 7), m = s ch s tr c d u ph y, n= s ch s sau d u ph y

1

8m

ni

i

id O


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p DHBK 2005

ChuyChuy nn ii gigiaa cc cc hh mm

Chuy n t h th p phn sang nh phnQuy t c: ly s c n i chia cho 2 v ghi nh ph n d , lyth ng chia ti p cho 2 v ghi nh ph n d . Lp li khith ng b ng 0. o ng c th t dy cc s d s c ch s c a h nh phn c n tm

V d: i 34 sang h nh phn: 100010

Chy n t h nh phn sang h 16 v ng c li1011 0111B = B7H

60/Chapter1 DHBK 2005 ChCh 11


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DHBK 2005 Ch ngCh ng 11GiGiii thithi uu chungchung vv hh vivi xx ll






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3 5

65

728 3

2

Nh

x

y

Tng 88

010

CCng nhng nh phnphn

Cng nh phn

Cng th p phn

Nh

x

y

Tng

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

0



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Tr Tr nhnh phnphn

x

y

M

n

Hiu

1 1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 0

0 1 1 1 0



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Nhn nhNhn nh phnphn

1 1 1 0

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 0

1 1 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

Nguyn t c: c ng v d ch



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Chia nhChia nh phnphn

1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 01 0 0 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 01 0 0 1 0

1 1 1 0

1 0 0 1 01 1 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0 1

Nguyn t c: tr v d ch

65/Chapter1 DHBK 2005 Ch gCh ng 11


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Ch ngCh ng 11GiGiii thithi uu chungchung vv hh vivi xx ll

Lch s pht tri n c a cc b vi x l v my tnh

Phn lo i vi x l Cc h m dng trong my tnh ( nh c li)



66/Chapter1 DHBK 2005 BiBi diu di n bn b ng dng d u v llnn


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BiBiu diu di n bn b ng dng d u vu v llnn(Sign(Sign --Magnitude)Magnitude)

Mt s c d u bao g m 2 ph n: d u v ln

V d h 10: +123 10 (thng th ng 123) v -123 10

H nh phn: bt d u l bt MSB; 0 = d ng, 1 = m V d: 01100

2= +12

10v 11100

2= -12

10

Cc s c d u 8 bt s c gi tr t -127 n +127 v i2 s 0: 1000 0000 (-0) v 0000 0000 (+0)



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SS bb 22

S b 1 (b l gic): o bit1001 => 01100100 => 1011

S b 2 (b s hc): s b 1 +1

V d: Tm s b 2 c a 13

13 = 0000 1101S b 1 c a 13 =1111 0010Cng thm 1: 1S b 2 c a 13= 1111 0011 (t c l -13)



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SS bb 22

V d: Tm s b 2 c a 0

0 = 0000 0000S b 1 c a 0 =1111 1111Cng thm 1: 1

S b 2 c a 0= 0000 0000 (t c l -0)

Nh vy vi s b 2, s 0 c bi u di n 1 cch duynh t

S c d u 8 bt s c gi tr t -128 n 127



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SS bb 22

Decimal S b 2 Sign-magnitude-8 1000 --7 1001 1111-6 1010 1110-5 1011 1101-4 1100 1100-3 1101 1011

-2 1110 1010-1 1111 10010 0000 1000 & 00001 0001 00012 0010 00103 0011 00114 0100 01005 0101 01016 0110 01107 0111 0111

70/Chapter1 DHBK 2005 Ch ngCh ng 11


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Phn lo i vi x l Cc h m dng trong my tnh ( nh c li)




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LittleLittle endianendian vv bigbig endianendian

S 1234 H c l u tr th no trong b nh 8 bit?

.....

.....

0000H

FFFFH

0100H

0101H

34H12H

.....

.....

0000H

FFFFH

0100H

0101H

12H34H

little endianIntel microprocessors

big endianMotorola microprocessors

73/Chapter1 DHBK 2005 SS thth cc


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SS thth cc(real number, floating point number)(real number, floating point number)

V d: 1,234=1,234*10 0=0,1234*10 1=...

11,01 B= 1,101*2 1=0,1101*2 2=...

Real number: (m, e) , e.g. (0.1101, 2)Single precision: 32 bitDouble precision: 64 bit

mantissa exponent



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IEEE-754 format cho single-precision

1 sign bit: 0 d ng, 1 m

8 bit biased exponent= exponent + 12724 bit mantissa chu n ho = 1 bit n + 23 bit fraction

Mantissa chu n ho: c gi tr gia 1 v 2 : 1.f

V d: biu di n 0.1011 d i dng IEEE-754

Sign bit s=0chu n ho mantissa: 0.1011= 1.011*2 -1Biased exponent: -1 + 127=126=01111110IEEE format: 0 01111110 0110000000000000000000

022233031

S biased exponent e fraction f of normalized mantissa



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IEEE-754 format cho double-precision

051526263

S biased exponent e fraction f of normalized mantissa

1 sign bit: 0 d ng, 1 m

11 bit biased exponent= exponent + 102353 bit mantissa chu n ho = 1 bit n + 52 bit fraction

double precision: (-1) s x 2 e-1023 x (1.f) 2

single precision: (-1) s x 2 e-127 x (1.f) 2



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15 significant digits6 significant digitsDecimal Precision

(2- 2 -52 ) 21023 or 1.798 x 10 308(2- 2 -23 ) 2127 or 3.403 x 10 38Largest positive

2-1022

or 2.225 x 10-308

2-126

or 1.175 x 10-38

Smallest positive

2 -52 or 2.220 x 10 -162-23 or 1.192 x 10 -7Machine epsilon

Double PrecisionSingle Precision



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BCDBCD

Binary Coded Decimal number BCD chu n (BCD gi, packed BCD):

1 byte bi u di n 2 s BCDV d: 25: 0010 0101

BCD khng gi (unpacked BCD) :1 byte bi u di n 1 s BCDv d: 25: 00000010 00000101

Decimaldigit

BCD

0 00001 00012 0010

3 00114 01005 01016 01107 01118 10009 1001

78/Chapter1 DHBK 2005 ASCIIASCII


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ASCIIASCII

American Standard Code for InformationInterchange (7-bit code)

b3b2b1b0 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

0000 NUL DLE SP 0 @ P p0001 SOH DC1 ! 1 A Q a q0010 STX DC2 2 B R b r 0011 ETX DC3 # 3 C S c s0100 EOT DC4 $ 4 D T d t0101 ENQ NAK % 5 E U e u0110 ACK SYN & 6 F V f V0111 BEL ETB 7 G W g w1000 BS CAN ( 8 H X h x1001 HT EM ) 9 I Y i y1010 LF SUB * : J Z j z1011 VT ESC + ; K [ k {1100 FF FS , < L \ l |1101 CR GS - = M ] m }1110 SO RS . > N ^ n ~1111 SI US ? O o DEL



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x lH vi x l



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x lH vi x l


H i ll


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HH vivi xx ll

Vi x l

CPU

Vi x l

CPU

B nh

Memory

B nh

Memory

Ph i ghpvo/ra(I/O)

Ph i ghpvo/ra(I/O)

Bus d liu

Bus a ch

Bus iu khi n

DRAMSRAMROMEEPROMFlash

Intel 80X86Motorola 680XPowerPC...

Thit b

vo/ra

Mn hnhMy inBn phmCon chu t cng mmCD-ROMDVD...

ISAEISAPCIVESASCSIUSB...


HH ii ll


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HH vivi xx ll

CPU n v s hc v logic

(Arithmetic Logical Unit)Thc hi n cc php ton s hc

Cng, tr , nhn chiaThc hi n cc php ton logic

And, or, compare.. n v iu khi n (Control Unit)

Cc thanh ghi (Registers)L u tr d liu v tr ng thi c a qu trnh th c hi n lnh

c m l nh

Gii m l nh

Thc hi n lnh


HH ii ll


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HH vivi xx ll

Memory

ROM: khng b mt d liu, ch a d liu iu khi n h th nglc kh i ngRAM: mt d liu khi m t ngu n, ch a ch ng trnh v d liu trong qu trnh ho t ng c a h th ng

Bus d liu8, 16, 32, 64 bit ty thu c vo vi x l

Bus a ch :16, 20, 24, 32, 36 bit

s nh c th nh a ch : 2NV d: 8088/8086 c 20 ng a ch => qu n l c220 bytes=1Mbytes


HH ii ll


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HH vivi xx ll

242432323232

2020202424

3232323636

Bus a ch

16 M16 M4 G4 G4 G4 G

161632323264

680006801068020680306804068060

Motorola

1 M1 M1 M

16 M16 M

4 G4 G4 G

64 G64 G

816161616

3232646464

80888086

8018680286

80386SX

80386DX80486DXPentium

Pentium ProPentium I, II, III, IV

Intel

Kh n ng ach

Busd liu

Tn vi x lNh s n xu t


NNii dd hh


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NNii dungdung mnmn hhcc

1. Gii thi u chung v h vi x l

2. B vi x l Intel 8088/80863. Lp trnh h p ng cho 80864. T ch c vo ra d liu5. Ng t v x l ng t

6. Truy c p b nh tr c ti p DMA7. Cc b vi x l trn th c t


ChCh 22 BB ii ll I t l 8088/8086I t l 8088/8086


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Ch ngCh ng 2:2: BB vivi xx ll Intel 8088/8086Intel 8088/8086

Cu trc bn trong

S chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086

M t tp lnh c a 8086 Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t 80286


ChCh g 22 BB ii ll I t l 8088/8086I t l 8088/8086


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Cu trc bn trong

S khiCc thanh ghi a n ngCc thanh ghi onCc thanh ghi con tr v ch s Thanh ghi c

Hng i lnh S chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086 Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t

80286


ChCh g 22 BB ii ll I t l 8088/8086I t l 8088/8086


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Cu trc bn trong


Hng i lnh S chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086 Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t

80286


SS khkh ii 8088/80868088/8086


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S S khkh ii 8088/80868088/8086

CSDS

ESIP

BX

AX

CXDXSPBP

DISI SS

ALU

Kh i iukhi n

ca EU

Logic iu khi n

bus

Cc thanh

ghi a n ng

Cc thanh ghicon tr v ch s

Cc thanh ghi on v con tr lnh

Cc thanh ghi t m th i

Thanh ghi c Hng i lnh

Bus ngoi

Bus trong c a CPU16 bit d liu20 bit a ch

bus a ch 20 bitEU BIU

Bus d liuALU 16 bit


Ch ngCh ng 22: BB ivi x ll Intel 8088/8086Intel 8088/8086


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Cu trc bn trong


Hng i lnh S chn

Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086 Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t

80286


CC cc thanhthanh ghighi a a n ngn ng cc aa 8088/80868088/8086


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CC cc thanhthanh ghighi a a n ngn ng cc aa 8088/80868088/8086

Thanh ghi ch a AX (accumulator): ch a k t qu ca cc php tnh.Kt qu 8 bit c ch a trong AL

Thanh ghi c s BX (base): ch a a ch c s, v d c a b ng dngtrong l nh XLAT (Translate)

Thanh ghi m CX (count): dng ch a s ln lp trong cc l nh l p

(Loop). CL

c dng

ch

a s

l

n dch ho

c quay trong cc l

nhd ch v quay thanh ghi

Thanh ghi d liu DX (data): cng AX ch a d liu trong cc phptnh nhn chia s 16 bit. DX cn c dng ch a a ch cngtrong cc l nh vo ra d liu tr c ti p (IN/OUT)

AX ALAH

BX BLBH

CX CLCH

DX DLDH

8 bit cao 8 bit th p

8088/8086 n 80286 : 16 bits80386 tr ln: 32 bits EAX,EBX, ECX, EDX




93/524


Cu trc bn trong

S kh iCc thanh ghi a n ngCc thanh ghi onCc thanh ghi con tr v ch sThanh ghi c

Hng i lnh S chn


80286


CC cc thanhthanh ghighi o onn


94/524


T ch c c a b nh 1 Mbytes on b nh (segment)216 bytes =64 KB

on 1: a ch u 0000 0 H on 2: a ch u 0001 0 H on cu i cng: FFFF 0 H

nh trong on: a ch lch: offset 1: offset: 0000 cu i cng: offset: FFFF

a ch vt l:Segment : offset

00000H

FFFFFH

1FFFFH

10000H

1F000H

1 0 0 0

Offset=F000

Thanh ghi on a ch vt l=Segment*16 + offset

Ch th c (real mode)




95/524


V d: a ch vt l 12345H

V d: Cho a ch u c a on: 49000 H, xc nh a ch cu i

?0300 H

?1004 H

0345H1200 H

2345H1000 H

i ch lch a ch on




96/524


Cc thanh ghi on: ch a a ch on

00000

FFFFF

on d liuData segment

on mCode segment

on ng n xpStack segment

on d liu ph extra segment

10000

200001FFFF

300002FFFF

34000

43FFF49000

58FFF

1 0 0 0 DS

2 0 0 0 CS

3 4 0 0 SS

4 9 0 0 ES

.............




97/524


Cc on ch ng nhau

00000

FFFFF

Data

Code

Stack

090F0

0A0F00A0EF

0A2800A27F

0 9 0 F CS

0 A 0 F DS

0 A 2 8 SS

0A4800A47Fc

ode

da

ta

stack




98/524


Cu trc bn trong


Hng i lnh S chn


80286


99/524


CC cc thanhthanh ghighi concon trtr vv chch ss


100/524

CC cc thanhthanh ghighi concon tr tr vv chch ss

Thanh ghi on v thanh ghi l ch ng m nh

a ch chu i chDIES

a ch d liuBX, DI, SI, s 8 bitho c s 16 bit

DS

a ch ng n xpSP ho c BPSS

a ch lnhIPCS

Ch thchOffsetSegment




101/524


Cu trc bn trong


Hng i lnh S chn


80286


ThanhThanh ghighi cc (Flag Register)(Flag Register)


102/524


9 bit c s dng, 6 c tr ng thi:C ho c CF (carry flag)): CF=1 khi c nh ho c m n t MSBP ho c PF (parity flag): PF=1 (0) khi t ng s bt 1 trong k tqu l ch n (l)A hoc AF (auxilary carry flag): c nh ph , AF=1 khi cnh ho c m n t mt s BCD th p sang BCD caoZ ho c ZF (zero flag): ZF=1 khi k t qu bng 0S ho c SF (Sign flag): SF=1 khi k t qu m

O hoc OF (Overflow flag): c trn OF=1 khi k t qu l m ts v t ra ngoi gi i hn bi u di n c a n trong khi th chin php ton c ng tr s c d u

1 0215 14

CPAZSTIDO




103/524


3 c iu khi nT ho c TF (trap flag)): c by, TF=1 khi CPU lm vi c ch ch y tng lnh

I hoc IF (Interrupt enable flag): c cho php ng t, IF=1 thCPU s cho php cc yu c u ng t (ng t che c) ctc ng (Cc l nh: STI, CLI)D hoc DF (direction flag): c h ng, DF=1 khi CPU lmvic vi chu i k t theo th t t ph i sang tri (l nh STD,CLD)

1 0215 14

CPAZSTIDO




104/524


V d:

SF=0 v msb trong k t qu =0PF=1 v c 0 bt c a t ng b ng 1

ZF=1 v k t qa thu c l 0CF=1 v c nh t bt msb trong php c ngOF=1 v c trn trong php c ng 2 s m

80h+

80h

100h




105/524


Cu trc bn trong


Hng i lnh S chn


80286


HH ngng ii llnhnh


106/524

HH ngng ii llnhnh

4 bytes i vi 8088 v 6 bytes i vi 8086

X l pipeline

F1 D1 E1 F2 D2 E2 F3 D3 E3

F1 D1F2

E1D2F3

E2D3 E3

Khng cpipelining

C pipelining




107/524


Cu trc bn trong


M t

t

p lnh c

a 8086 Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t

80286


Intel 8088Intel 8088


108/524


16-bit processor introduced in 1979 3 m, 5 to 8 MHz, 29

KTOR, 0.33 to 0.66MIPS


109/524




110/524





111/524

Ch ngg 2:: B vi x l Intel 8088/8086

Cu trc bn trong


M t

t

p lnh c

a 8086 Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t

80286


BBnn bb nhnh cc aa mm yy tt nhnh IBM PCIBM PC


112/524

B b c a yy t B C

00000

A00009FFFF

FFFFF

Vng nh ch ng trnh640 Kbytes

Vng nh h thng484 Kbytes

Vng nh m rng

1 Mbytesb nh th c


BBnn vv ngng nhnh ch ngch ng tr tr nhnh


113/524

gg gg

00000

02530

Cc vector ng t0040000500

0070001160

08490

9FFF0

9FFFF

Vng BIOSVng DOSIO.SYSMSDOS

Device drivers (mouse.sys)COMMAND.COM

MSDOS

08E30

Vng dnh cho ccch ng trnh ng d ng


BBnn vv ngng nhnh hh thth ngng


114/524

gg gg

A0000Video RAM ( ho )

B0000

F0000

FFFFF

Video BIOS ROM

ROM BIOS

Vng dnh

E0000ROM BASIC

C0000C8000

Video RAM (text)


CC cc cc ngng vv oo rara


115/524

gg

a ch : 0000H FFFFH, M/IO =0

0000

0320

iu khi n DMA002000400060

02F8

0378

FFFF

iu khi n ng t nh th i (8253)8255COM2 iu khi n cngLPT103D0

Vng m r ng

03F0

03F8

CGA adapter iu khi n a m mCOM1


116/524


VV ngng nhnh dd nhnh ringring cc aa 8088/80868088/8086


117/524

gg gg

00000Cc vector ng t

003FF

FFFF0Reset Bootstrapprogram jump

FFFFF




118/524

gg

Cu trc bn trong

S

chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086

Ch a ch thanh ghiCh a ch tc thCh a ch tr c ti pCh a ch gin ti p qua thanh ghiCh a ch t ng i c sCh a ch t ng i ch sCh a ch t ng i ch s c s

Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086 Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t

80286


ChCh aa chch thanhthanh ghighi(Register Addressing Mode)(Register Addressing Mode)


119/524

(Register Addressing Mode)(Register Addressing Mode) Dng cc thanh ghi nh l cc ton h ng

Tc th c hi n lnh cao

V d:MOV BX, DX ; Copy ni dung DX vo BXMOV AL, BL ; Copy ni dung BL vo ALMOV AL, BX ; khng h p l v cc thanh ghi c kch th ckhc nhauMOV ES, DS ; khng h p l (segment to segment)MOV CS, AX ; khng h p l v CS khng c dng lmthanh ghi ch

ADD AL, DL ; Cng n i dung AL v DL r i a vo AL


ChCh aa chch ttcc thth (Immediate Addressing Mode)(Immediate Addressing Mode)


120/524

(Immediate Addressing Mode)(Immediate Addressing Mode) Ton h ng ch l thanh ghi ho c nh

Ton h ng ngu n l hng s Dng np h ng s vo thanh thi (tr thanh ghi on v thanh c ) ho c vo nh trong on d liuDS

V d:MOV BL, 44 ; Copy s th p phn 44 vo thanh ghi BLMOV AX, 44H ; Copy 0044H vo thanh ghi AXMOV AL, A ; Copy m ASCII c a A vo thanh ghi ALMOV DS, 0FF0H ; khng h p lMOV AX, 0FF0H ;

MOV DS, AX ;

MOV [BX], 10 ; copy s th p phn 10 vo nh DS:BX


ChCh aa chch tr tr cc titi pp(Direct Addressing Mode)(Direct Addressing Mode)


121/524

(Direct Addressing Mode)(Direct Addressing Mode) Mt ton h ng l a ch nh ch a d liu

Ton h ng kia ch c th l thanh ghi

V d:MOV AL, [1234H] ; Copy n i dung nh c a ch DS:1234 vo ALMOV [ 4320H ], CX ; Copy n i dung c a CX vo 2 nh lin tip DS:4320 v DS: 4321


ChCh aa chch gigi nn titi pp quaqua thanhthanh ghighi(Register indirect Addressing Mode)(Register indirect Addressing Mode)


122/524

(Register indirect Addressing Mode)(Register indirect Addressing Mode) Mt ton h ng l thanh ghi ch a a ch c a 1 nh

d liu Ton h ng kia ch c th l thanh ghi

V d:MOV AL, [BX] ; Copy n i dung nh c a ch DS:BX vo ALMOV [ SI ], CL ; Copy n i dung ca CL vo nh c a ch DS:SIMOV [ DI ], AX ;copy ni dung ca AX vo 2 nh lin tip DS: DI v DS:(DI +1)


123/524


ChCh aa chch t ngt ng ii chch ss (Indexed relative Addressing Mode)(Indexed relative Addressing Mode)


124/524

(Indexed relative Addressing Mode)(Indexed relative Addressing Mode) Mt ton h ng l thanh ghi ch s SI, DI v cc h ng

s biu di n gi tr d ch chuy n Ton h ng kia ch c th l thanh ghi

V d:MOV AX, [SI]+10 ; Copy n i dung 2 nh lin tip c a ch DS:SI+10 vDS:SI+11 vo AXMOV AX, [SI+10] ; Cch vi t khc ca lnh trnMOV AL, [DI]+5 ; copy ni dung ca nh DS:DI+5 vo thanh ghi AL


ChCh aa chch t ngt ng ii chch ss c c ss (( Based Indexed relative Addressing ModeBased Indexed relative Addressing Mode ))


125/524

(( Based Indexed relative Addressing ModeBased Indexed relative Addressing Mode ))

V d:MOV AX, [BX] [SI]+8 ; Copy n i dung 2 nh lin tip c a ch DS:BX+SI+8 v DS:BX+SI+9 vo AXMOV AX, [BX+SI+8] ; Cch vi t khc ca lnh trn

MOV CL, [BP+DI+5] ; copy ni dung c a nh SS:BP+DI+5 vo thanhghi CL


TT mm tt tt cc cc chch aa chch


126/524

DS

DSSSSS

[BX] + [DI]+ d ch chuy n

[BX] + [SI]+ d ch chuy n[BP] + [DI]+ d ch chuy n[BP] + [SI]+ d ch chuy n

T ng i ch sc s

DSDS

[DI] + d ch chuy n[SI] + d ch chuy n

T ng i ch s

DS

SS

[BX] + d ch chuy n[BP] + d ch chuy n

T ng i c s

DS

DS

DS

[BX]

[SI]

[DI]

Gin ti p qua thanh ghi

DS[offset]Tr c tip

D liuT c th

Thanh ghiThanh ghi

Thanh ghi on ng m nhTon h ngCh a ch


127/524




128/524

Cu trc bn trong

S chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086 Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t

80286


CC chch mm hoho llnhnh cc aa 80868086


129/524

Mt lnh c di t 1 n 6 byte

Opcode1-2 byte MOD-REG-R/M0-1 byte Dch chuy n0-2 byte Tc th0-2 byte

D W

Opcode W=0 d liu 1 byte

W=1 d liu 2 byte

D=1 d liu i n thanh ghi cho b i 3 bit REGD=0 d liu i t thanh ghi cho b i 3 bit REG


130/524


CC chch mm hoho llnhnh cc aa 80868086


131/524

V d: chuy n lnh MOV CL, [BX] sang m my

opcode MOV: 100010D liu l 1 byte: W=0Chuy n t i thanh ghi: D=1Khng c d ch chuy n: MOD=00[BX] nn R/M=111CL nn REG=001

1 01 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

MOV D W MOD CL [BX]

V d 2: chuy n lnh MOV [SI+F3H], CL sang m my




132/524

Cu trc bn trong

S chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086

Cc l nh di chuy n d liuCc l nh s hc v logicCc l nh iu khi n ch ng trnh

Cch nh a ch ch bo v cc my tnh t 80286




133/524

Cu trc bn trong

S chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086




134/524


CC cc llnhnh didi chuychuy nn dd liliuu


135/524

Kh n ng k t hp ton h ng c a lnh MOV

NOYESNOYESHng s

NONOYESYES nh

NOYESNOYESThanh ghi on

NOYESYESYESThanh ghi a n ng

Hng s nh Thanh ghi onThanh ghi a n ng

ch

Ngu n




136/524

Lnh XCHGDng hon chuy n ni dung gi a hai thanh ghi, gi a 1 thanh ghiv 1 nh C php: XCHG ch, ngu nGii hn: ton h ng khng c l thanh ghi onLnh ny khng tc ng n c

V d:XCHG AX, BXXCHG AX, [BX]




137/524

Lnh PUSHDng c t 1 t t thanh ghi ho c nh vo nh ng n x pC php: PUSH Ngu nM t : SP=SP-2, Ngu n => {SP}Gii hn: thanh ghi 16 bit ho c l 1 t nh

Lnh ny khng tc ng n c V d:

PUSH BXPUSH PTR[BX]

Lnh PUSHFCt n i dung c a thanh ghi c vo ng n x p




138/524

V d v lnh PUSH

130001300113002130031300413005130061300713008130091300A

1 3 0 00 0 0 A

1 2 3 4

SS

SP

AX

SP

130001300113002130031300413005130061300713008130091300A

1 3 0 00 0 0 8

1 2 3 4

SS

SP

AX

SP

PUSH AX

1234

130001300113002130031300413005130061300713008130091300A

1 3 0 00 0 0 6

7 8 5 6

SS

SP

BX

SP

PUSH BX

12347856


139/524




140/524

V d lnh POP

130001300113002130031300413005130061300713008130091300A

1 3 0 00 0 0 6

3 2 5 4

SS

SP

DX

SP

12347856

130001300113002130031300413005130061300713008130091300A

1 3 0 00 0 0 8

7 8 5 6

SS

SP

DX

SP12347856

POP DX




141/524

Lnh INDng c 1 byte ho c 2 byte d liu t cng vo thanh ghi ALho c AXC php: IN Acc, PortLnh ny khng tc ng n c V d:

IN AX, 00HIN AL, F0H

IN AX, DX Lnh OUT

Dng a 1 byte ho c 2 byte d liu t thanh ghi AL ho c AX racngC php: OUT Port, AccLnh ny khng tc ng n c V d:

OUT 00H, AXOUT F0H, ALOUT DX, AX




142/524

Cc l nh di chuy n chu i MOVS, MOVSB, MOVSWDng chuy n m t ph n t c a chu i ny sang m t chu ikhcC php: MOVS chu i ch, chu i ngu n

MOVSBMOVSW

Thc hi n:

DS:SI l a ch ca ph n t trong chu i ngu nES:DI l a ch ca ph n t trong chu i chSau m i ln chuy n SI=SI +/- 1, DI=DI +/- 1 ho c SI=SI +/- 2,DI=DI +/- 2 tu thu c vo c h ng DF l 0/1

Lnh ny khng tc ng n c V d:

MOVS byte1, byte2




143/524

Cu trc bn trong

S

chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086




CC cc llnhnh ss hhcc vv logiclogic


144/524

ADD, ADC, SUB, MUL, IMUL, DIV, IDIV, INC, DEC AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR Lnh quay v d ch: RCL, RCR, SAL, SAR, SHL, SHR Lnh so snh: CMP, CMPS

Lnh ADD

Lnh c ng hai ton h ngC php: ADD ch, ngu nThc hi n: ch= ch + ngu nGii hn: ton h ng khng c l 2 nh v thanh ghi onLnh ny thay i c: AF, CF, OF, PF, SF, ZF

V d:ADD AX, BXADD AX, 40H




145/524

Lnh ADCLnh c ng c nh hai ton h ngC php: ADC ch, ngu nThc hi n: ch= ch + ngu n+CFGii hn: ton h ng khng c l 2 nh v thanh ghi onLnh ny thay i c: AF, CF, OF, PF, SF, ZFV d:

ADC AL, 30H Lnh SUB

Lnh tr C php: SUB ch, ngu nThc hi n: ch= ch - ngu nGii hn: ton h ng khng c l 2 nh v thanh ghi on

Lnh ny thay i c: AF, CF, OF, PF, SF, ZFV d:SUB AL, 30H




146/524

Lnh MULLnh nhn s khng d uC php: MUL ngu nThc hi n:

AX=AL* ngu n8bitDXAX=AX*ngu n16bit

Lnh ny thay i c: CF, OFV d:

MUL BL

Lnh IMULnhn s c d u




147/524

Lnh DIVLnh chia 2 s khng d uC php: DIV ngu nThc hi n:

AL = th ng (AX / ngu n8bit) ; AH=d (AX / ngun8bit)AX = th ng (DXAX / ngu n16bit) ; DX=d (DXAX / ngun16bit)

Lnh ny khng thay i cV d:

DIV BL

Lnh IDIVchia 2 s c d u




148/524

Lnh INCLnh c ng 1 vo ton h ng l thanh ghi ho c nh C php: INC chThc hi n: ch= ch + 1Lnh ny thay i c: AF, OF, PF, SF, ZFV d:

INC AX

Lnh DECLnh tr 1 t ni dung m t thanh ghi ho c nh C php: DEC chThc hi n: ch= ch - 1Lnh ny thay i c: AF, OF, PF, SF, ZFV d:

DEC [BX]




149/524

Lnh ANDLnh AND logic 2 ton h ngC php: AND ch, ngu nThc hi n: ch= ch And ngu nGii hn: ton h ng khng c l 2 nh ho c thanh ghi onLnh ny thay i c: PF, SF, ZF v xo c CF, OFV d:

AND BL, 0FH

Lnh XOR, OR: t ng t nh lnh AND

Lnh NOT: o tng bit c a ton h ng Lnh NEG: xc nh s b 2 c a ton h ng




150/524

Lnh CMPLnh so snh 2 byte ho c 2 t

C php: CMP ch, ngu nThc hi n:

ch = ngu n : CF=0 ZF=1 ch> ngu n : CF=0 ZF=0 ch < ngu n : CF=1 ZF=0

Gii hn: ton h ng ph i cng di v khng c l 2 nh Lnh CMPS

Dng so snh t ng ph n t ca 2 chu i c cc ph n t cngloiC php: CMPS chu i ch, chu i ngu n

CMPSBCMPSW

Thc hi n:

DS:SI l a ch ca ph n t trong chu i ngu nES:DI l a ch ca ph n t trong chu i chSau m i ln so snh SI=SI +/- 1, DI=DI +/- 1 ho c SI=SI +/- 2, DI=DI +/- 2tu thu c vo c h ng DF l 0/1

Cp nh t c AF, CF, OF, PF, SF, ZF




151/524

Lnh RCLLnh quay tri thng qua c nh C php: RCL ch, CL (vi s ln quay l n h n 1)

RCL ch, 1RCL ch, S ln quay (80286 tr ln)

Thc hi n: quay tri ch CL l n ch l thanh ghi (tr thanh ghi on) ho c nh

Lnh ny thay i c: CF, OF

Lnh RCRLnh quay ph i thng qua c nh

CF MSB LSB


152/524




153/524

Lnh SALLnh d ch tri s hcC php: SAL ch, CL (vi s ln d ch l n h n 1)

SAL ch, 1SAL ch, s ln d ch (80286 tr ln)

Thc hi n: d ch tri ch CL bit t ng ng v i ch= ch*2 CLLnh ny thay i c SF, ZF, PF

Lnh SHLLnh d ch tri logic t ng t nh SAL

CF MSB LSB

0




154/524

Lnh SARLnh d ch ph i s hcC php: SAR ch, CL (vi s ln d ch l n h n 1)

SAR ch, 1ho c SAR ch, s ln d ch (80286 tr ln)

Thc hi n: d ch ph i ch CL bitLnh ny thay i c SF, ZF, PF, CF mang gi tr ca MSB

CFMSB LSB




155/524

Lnh SHRLnh d ch ph i logicC php: SHR ch, CL (vi s ln d ch l n h n 1)

SHR ch, 1ho c SHR ch, s ln d ch (80286 tr ln)

Thc hi n: d ch ph i ch CL bitLnh ny thay i c SF, ZF, PF, CF mang gi tr ca LSB

CFMSB LSB

0

Ch :Trong cc l nh d ch v quay, ton h ng khng c l thanh ghi on




156/524

Cu trc bn trong S chn Bn b nh ca my tnh IBM-PC Cc ch a ch c a 8086 Cch m ho l nh c a 8086 M t tp lnh c a 8086

Cc l nh di chuy n d liu

Cc l nh s hc v logicCc l nh iu khi n ch ng trnh

Lnh nh y khng iu ki n: JMPLnh nh y c iu ki n JE, JG, JGE, JL, JLE...Lnh l p LOOPLnh g i ch ng trnh con CALL

Lnh g i ch ng trnh con ph c v ng t INT v IRET



LLnhnh nhnh yy khngkhng i iuu kiki nn JMPJMP


157/524

Dng nh y ti mt a ch trong b nh

3 lo i: nh y ng n, g n v xaLnh nh y ng n (short jump) di l nh 2 bytes:

Ph m vi nh y: -128 n 127 bytes so v i lnh ti p theo l nhJMP

Thc hi n: IP=IP + lch

V d:

E B lch

XOR BX, BX

Nhan: MOV AX, 1

ADD AX, BX

JMP SHORT Nhan




158/524

Lnh nh y gn (near jump)Ph m vi nh y: 32 Kbytes so v i lnh ti p theo l nh JMPV d:

E 9 lchLo

XOR BX, BX

Nhan: MOV AX, 1

ADD AX, BX

JMP NEAR Nhan

lchHi

XOR CX, CX

MOV AX, 1

ADD AX, BX

JMP NEAR PTR BX

XOR CX, CX

MOV AX, 1

ADD AX, BX

JMP WORD PTR [BX]

Thc hi n: IP=IP+ lch IP=BX IP=[BX+1] [BX]

Nhy gin ti p




159/524

Lnh nh y xa (far jump) di l nh 5 bytes i vi nh y ti nhn:

Ph m vi nh y: nh y trong 1 on m ho c nh y sang on mkhcV d:

E A IP Lo

EXTRN Nhan : FARNext: MOV AX, 1

ADD AX, BX

JMP FAR PTR Next

........

JMP FAR Nhan

IP Hi

Thc hi n: IP=IP c a nhnCS=CS c a nhn

CS Lo CS Hi

XOR CX, CXMOV AX, 1

ADD AX, BX

JMP DWORD PTR [BX]

IP = [BX+1][BX]CS= [BX+3][BX+2]


TT mm tt tt llnhnh JMPJMP


160/524

JMP

00000H

FFFFFH

+127

-128

on m 2

on m 1Nhy ng n Nhy gn

Nhy xa


LLnhnh nhnh yy cc i iuu kiki nn


161/524

JE or JZ, JNE or JNZ, JG, JGE, JL, JLE (dng chos c d u) v JA, JB, JAE, JBE (dng cho s khngdu) ...

Nh y c th c hi n ph thu c vo cc c L cc l nh nh y ng n V d:

Nhan1 : XOR BX, BX

Nhan2: MOV AX, 1

CMP AL, 10H

JNE Nhan1

JE Nhan2

Thc hi n: IP=IP + d ch


LLnhnh llpp LOOPLOOP


162/524

LOOP, LOOPE/LOOPZ, LOOPNE/LOOPNZ

L lnh ph

i h

p gi

a DEC CX v JNZ

XOR AL, AL

MOV CX, 16

Lap: INC AL

LOOP Lap

Lp n kh CX=0

XOR AL, AL

MOV CX, 16

Lap: INC AL

CMP AL, 10

LOOPE Lap

Lp n kh CX=0ho c AL10

XOR AL, AL

MOV CX, 16

Lap: INC AL

CMP AL, 10

LOOPNE Lap

Lp n kh CX=0ho c AL=10


163/524


LLnhnh CALLCALL

CALL (f ll) h h


164/524

CALL xa (far call): t ng t nh nh y xaGi ch ng trnh con ngoi on m

Tong PROC FAR

ADD AX, BX

ADD AX, CX

RET

Tong ENDP

...

CALL Tong

CALL DWORD PTR [BX]

Ct CS vo ng n xpCt IP vo ng n xpIP=IP c a TongCS =CS c a TongRET: l y IP t ng n xply CS t ng n xp

Ct CS vo ng n xpCt IP vo ng n xpIP = [BX+1][BX]CS= [BX+3][BX+2]RET: l y IP t ng n xply CS t ng n xp


LLnhnh ngng tt INTINT vv IRETIRET

INT i h h h (CTCPVN)


165/524

INT g i ch ng trnh con ph c v ng t (CTCPVN) Bng vector ng t: 1 Kbytes 00000H n 003FF H

256 vector ng t1 vector 4 bytes, ch a IP v CS c a CTCPVN32 vector u dnh ring cho Intel224 vector sau dnh cho ng i dng

C php: INT Number V d: INT 21H g i CTCPVN c a DOS


LLnhnh ngng tt INTINT vv IRETIRET

Th hi INT


166/524

Th c hi n INT:Ct thanh ghi c vo ng n xpIF=0 (c m cc ng t khc tc ng), TF=0 (ch y su t)Ct CS vo ng n xpCt IP vo ng n xpIP=[N*4], CS=[N*4+2]

Gp IRET:Ly IP t ng n x pLy CS t ng n xpLy thanh ghi c t ng n x p


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nhnh aa chch bb nhnh chch bboo vv

Ch h t d li h t h


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Cho php truy c p d liu v ch ng trnh vngnh trn 1M

Thanh ghi l ch ch a a ch lch Thanh ghi on ch a t ch n on (segment

selector)t ch n on ch n 1 ph n t trong 1 trong 2 b ng m t on (descriptor table), m i bng c kch th c 64 KB

Bng m t on ton c c (Global DT): ch a thng tin v cc on c a b nh m t t c cc ch ng trnh c th truy nh pBng m t on c c b (Local DT): ch a thng tin v cc onca 1 ch ng trnh

M t on ch a thng tin v a ch bt u c a on




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01215

Index TI RPL

RPL : m c u tin yu c u, 00 cao nh t, 11 th p nh tTI =0, s dng b ng ton c c, TI=1 s dng b ng cc bIndex : 13 bit ch s chn 1 trong 8K m t on trong b ng m t on

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Access rights Base(B23-B16)

Base(B15-B0)

Limit(L15-L0) 01

3

57

2

46 Base(B31-B24)

G D O A LimitV (L19-L16)

Access rights Base(B23-B16)

Base(B15-B0)

Limit(L15-L0) 01

3

57

2

46

m t on c a 80286 m t on t 80386Base: xc nh a ch bt u c a onLimit: gi i hn kch th c t i a c a on



80286


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80286Base 24 bit: 000000H n FFFFFFH (16 MB)Limit 16 bit: kch th c on: t 1 n 64 KB a ch vt l= Base + lch1 ch ng trnh c th s dng t i a: 2*8K*64 K= 1GB b nh => b nh o (virtual memory)

80386/486/PentiumBase 32 bit: 00000000H n FFFFFFFFH (4 GB)Limit 20 bit:

G=0: kch th c on: t 1 n 1MBG=1: kch th c on t 4K n 4 GB

a ch vt l= Base + lch

1 ch ng trnh c th s dng t i a: 2*8K*4 GB= 64Terabytes b nh


NNii dungdung mnmn hh cc

1 Gi i thi h h i l


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1. Gi i thi u chung v h vi x l2. B vi x l Intel 8088/80863. L p trnh h p ng cho 80864. T ch c vo ra d liu5. Ng t v x l ng t6. Truy c p b nh tr c ti p DMA7. Cc b vi x l trn th c t


Ch ngCh ng 33 LLpp tr tr nhnh hh pp ngng vv ii 80868086

Gi i thi kh g h g t h h g


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Gi i thi u khung c a ch ng trnh h p ng Cch t o v ch y m t ch ng trnh h p ng trn

my IBM PC Cc c u trc l p trnh c b n th c hi n b ng h p

ng Mt s ch ng trnh c th



Gi i thi kh ng c ch ng trnh h p ng


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Gi i thi u khung c a ch ng trnh h p ng C php c a ch ng trnh h p ng D liu cho ch ng trnhBin v h ngKhung c a m t ch ng trnh h p ng

Cch t o v ch y m t ch ng trnh h p ng trnmy IBM PC

Cc c u trc l p trnh c b n th c hi n b ng h png

Mt s ch ng trnh c th



Gi i thi u khung c a ch ng trnh h p ng


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CC phph pp cc aa ch ngch ng tr tr nhnh hh pp ngng 1. .Model Small khai bo ki u kch th c b nh


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2. .Stack 100

3. .Data4. Tbao DB Chuoi d a sap xep :, 10, 135. MGB DBa, Y, G , T , y , Z , U , B , D , E ,6. DB $7. .Code

8. MAIN Proc9. MOV AX, @Data ;khoi dau DS10. MOV DS, AX11. MOV BX, 10 ;BX: so phan tu cua mang12. LEA DX, MGB ;DX chi vao dau mang byte13. DEC BX ;so vong so sanh phai lam14. LAP: MOV SI, DX ; SI chi vao dau mang15. MOV CX, BX ; CX so lan so cua vong so16. MOV DI, SI ;gia su ptu dau la max17. MOV AL, [DI] ;AL chua phan tu max

18. TIMMAX:19. INC SI ;chi vao phan tu ben canh20. CMP [SI], AL ; phan tu moi > max?21. JNG TIEP ;khong, tim max22. MOV DI, SI ; dung, DI chi vao max23. MOV AL, [DI] ;AL chua phan tu max24. TIEP: LOOP TIMMAX ;tim max cua mot vong so25. CALL DOICHO ;doi cho max voi so moi26. DEC BX ;so vong so con lai27. JNZ LAP ;lam tiep vong so moi28. MOV AH, 9 ; hien thi chuoi da sap xep29. MOV DX, Tbao30. INT 21H31. MOV AH, 4CH ;ve DOS32. INT 21H33. MAIN Endp34. DOICHO Proc35. PUSH AX36. MOV AL, [SI]37. XCHG AL, [DI]38. MOV [SI], AL39. POP AX40. RET41. DOICHOEndp42. END MAIN

khai bo on ng n xp

khai bo on d liukhai bo on m l nh

bt u ch ng trnh chnh

kt thc ch ng trnh chnh

bt u ch ng trnh conkt thc on m

ch thch b tubng du ;


CC phph pp cc aa ch ngch ng tr tr nhnh hh pp ngng

Tn M l nh Cc ton h ng ; ch gi i


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Tn M l nh Cc ton h ng ; ch gi i Ch ng trnh d ch khng phn bi t ch hoa, ch

th ng Tr ng tn:

ch a cc nhn, tn bi n, tn th t c di: 1 n 31 k t tn khng c c d u cch, khng b t u b ng s c dng cc k t c bi t: ? . @ _ $ %d u . ph i c t v tr u tin n u s dngNhn k t thc b ng d u :

TWO_WORD

?1two-word.@?1wordLets_go





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DD liliuu chocho ch ngch ng tr tr nhnh

D liu:


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D liu:cc s h s 2: 0011Bh s 10: 1234h s 16: 1EF1H, 0ABBAHK t , chu i k t : A, abcd





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BiBi nn vv hh ngng

DB (define byte): nh ngh a bi n ki u byte


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DB (define byte): nh ngh a bi n ki u byte DW (define word): nh ngh a bi n ki u t DD (define double word): nh ngh a bi n ki u t kp

Bi n byte:Tn DB gia_tr _kh i u

V d :B1 DB 4B1 DB ?C1 DB $C1 DB 34

MOV AL, B1

LEA BX, B1MOV AL, [BX]


BiBi nn vv hh ngng

Bi n t :


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Bi n t :Tn DW gia_tr _kh i u

V d : W1 DW 4 W2 DW ?

Bi n m ng:M1 DB 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

M2 DB 100 DUP(0)M3 DB 100 DUP(?)

M4 DB 4, 3, 2, 2 DUP (1, 2 DUP(5), 6)

M4 DB 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 5, 6, 1, 5, 5, 6

13000

130011300213003130041300513006130071300813009

1300A

7

65

4

89

M1


BiBi nn vv hh ngng

Bi n m ng 2 chi u:


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Bi n m ng 2 chi u:

M1 DB 1, 6, 3DB 4, 2, 5

M2 DB 1, 4DB 6, 2

13000

130011300213003130041300513006130071300813009

1300A

4

36

1

25

M1

1 6 3

4 2 5

DB 3, 5

MOV AL, M1 ; copy 1 vao ALMOV AH, M1[2]

MOV BX, 1MOV SI, 1MOV CL, M1[BX+SI]MOV AX, Word Ptr M1[BX+SI+2]MOV DL, M1[BX][SI]


BiBi nn vv hh ngng

Bi n ki u xu k t


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Bi n ki u xu k t STR1 DB stringSTR2 DB 73h, 74h, 72h, 69h, 6Eh, 67hSTR3 DB 73h, 74h, r, i, 6Eh, 67h

H ng c tnC th khai bo h ng trong ch ng trnhTh ng c khai bo on d liuV d :

CR EQU 0Dh ;CR l carriage returnLF EQU 0Ah ; LF l line feedCHAO EQU Hello

MSG DB CHAO, $





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KhungKhung cc aa ch ngch ng tr tr nhnh hh pp ngng

Khai bo o n ng n x p


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g p.Stack kch thu c (bytes)

V d :.Stack 100 ; khai bo stack c kch th c 100 bytes

Gi tr ng m nh 1KB

Khai bo o n d liu:.DataKhai bo cc bi n v h ng

Khai bo o n m.Code




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PSP PSP100h

ch ng trnh ch ng trnh

Stack

100h

SSCS

DSES

.COM . EXE



Khung c a ch ng trnh h p ng d ch ra file .EXE


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.Model Small

.Stack 100

.Data;cc nh ngh a cho bi n v h ng

.CodeMAIN Proc

;kh i u cho DSMOV AX, @dataMOV DS, AX;cc lnh ca ch ng trnh;tr vDOS dng hm 4CH c a INT 21HMOV AH, 4CHINT 21H

MAIN Endp;cc ch ng trnh con n u c

END MAIN



Ch ng trnh Hello.EXE


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.Model Small

.Stack 100

.DataCRLF DB 13,10,$MSG DB Hello! $

.CodeMAIN Proc

;kh i u cho DSMOV AX, @dataMOV DS, AX;v u dng m i dng hm 9 c a INT 21H

MOV AH,9LEA DX, CRLFINT 21H;Hi n th l i cho dng hm9 c a INT 21HMOV AH,9LEA DX, MSGINT 21H;v u dng m i dng hm 9 c a INT 21HMOV AH,9LEA DX, CRLF

INT 21H;tr vDOS dng hm 4CH c a INT 21HMOV AH, 4CHINT 21H

MAIN EndpEND MAIN



Khung c a ch ng trnh h p ng d ch ra file .COM


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.Model Tiny

.CodeORG 100h

START: JMP CONTINUE

;cc nh ngh a cho bi n v h ngCONTINUE:MAIN Proc

;cc lnh ca ch ng trnhINT 20H ;tr vDOS

MAIN Endp

;cc ch

ng trnh con n u cEND START




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0000H

FFFFH

on u ch ng trnhProgram segment prefix

0100H JMP CONTINUE

D liu

CONTINUE:

SP

IP

Chiu tin ca ng n xp

Chiu tin ca m v d liu



Ch ng trnh Hello.COM


192/524

.Model Tiny

.CodeORG 100H

START: JMP CONTINUECRLF DB 13,10,$MSG DB Hello! $

CONTINUE:MAIN Proc

;v u dng m i dng hm 9 c a INT 21HMOV AH,9

LEA DX, CRLFINT 21H;Hin th l i cho dng hm 9 c a INT 21HMOV AH,9LEA DX, MSGINT 21H;v u dng m i dng hm 9 c a INT 21HMOV AH,9

LEA DX, CRLFINT 21H;tr vDOSINT 20H

MAIN Endp





193/524

g g p g Cch t o v ch y m t ch ng trnh h p ng trn

my IBM PC Cc c u trc l p trnh c b n th c hi n b ng h p

ng Mt s ch ng trnh c th


CC chch tt oo mm tt ch ngch ng tr tr nhnh hh pp ngng

To ra t p v n bn ca ch ng trnh


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*.asm

Dng MASM d ch ra m my*.obj

Dng LINK ni tp . obj thnh*.exe

Dng exe2bin dch *.exe thnh*.com

chy ch ng trnh

Dch c ra .com?khng





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Cu trc l a ch nCu trc l p



CCuu tr tr cc llaa chch nn If If --thenthen

If iu_ki n then cng_vi c


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V d : Gn cho BX gi tr tuy t i c a AX

; If AX


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V d : if AX


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Gi tr 1: cng vi c 1Gi tr 2: cng vi c 2

...Gi tr N: cng vi c N

END CASE

V d :CMP AX, 0 ;JL AM ; AX0

AM: MOV CX, -1JMP End_case

Khong: MOV CX, 0JMP End_case

DUONG: MOV CX, 1End_case:

Nu AX0 th CX=1


CC uu tr tr cc llpp FORFOR --DODO

For s ln l p Do cng vi c


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MOV CX, 80 ;s ln lpMOV AH,2 ;hm hi n th

MOV DL,$ ;DL ch a k t cn hin th HIEN: INT 21H ; Hi n th LOOP HIEN

End_for

kh i to b m

cng vic

gim b

m

i 1

b m=0?S

v d : Hi n th m t dng k t $ trn mn hnh


CC uu tr tr cc llpp While While --DODO

While iu ki n Do cng vi c


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XOR CX, CX ;CX=0MOV AH,1 ;hm c k t t bn phm

TIEP: INT 21H ; c mt k t vo ALCMP AL, 13 ; c CR?

JE End_while ; ng, thotINC CX ; sai, thm 1 k t vo tngJMP TIEP ; c tip

End_while:

cng vic

iu kin

S

v d : m s k t c c t bn phm,khi g p k t CR th thi


CC uu tr tr cc llpp RepeatRepeat --untiluntil

Repeat cng vi c until iu ki n


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MOV AH,1 ;hm c k t t bn phmTIEP: INT 21H ; c mt k t vo AL

CMP AL, 13 ; c CR?JNE TIEP ; ch a, c tip

End_:

cng vic

iu ki n

S

v d: c t bn phm cho t i khi gp k t CR th thi





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XuXu tt nhnh pp dd liliuu

2 cch:Dng l nh IN OUT trao i vi cc thi t b ngo i vi


203/524

Dng l nh IN, OUT trao i vi cc thi t b ngo i viph c t p v ph i bi t a ch c ng ghp n i thi t b Cc h th ng khc nhau c a ch khc nhau

Dng cc ch ng trnh con ph c v ng t c a DOS v BIOS n gi n, d s d ngkhng ph thu c vo h th ng

Ng t 21h c a DOS:Hm 1: c 1 k t t bn phm

Vo: AH=1Ra: AL=m ASCII c a k t , AL=0 khi k t l phm ch c n ng

Hm 2: hi n 1 k t ln mn hnhVo: AH=2

DL=m ASCII c a k t c n hi n th Hm 9: hi n chu i k t vi $ cu i ln mn hnh

Vo: AH=9DX= a ch lch c a chu i k t c n hi n th

Hm 4CH: k t thc ch ng trnh lo i .exeVo: AH=4CH


MMtt ss ch ngch ng tr tr nhnh cc thth

V d 1: L p ch ng trnh yu c u ng i s dng g vo m tch ci th ng v hi n th d ng ch hoa v m ASCII d i


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ch ci th ng v hi n th d ng ch hoa v m ASCII d i

d

ng nh

phn c

a ch

ci

ln mn hnhV d :Hay nhap vao mot chu cai thuong: aM ASCII d i dng nh phn c a a la: 11000001Dang chu hoa cua a la: A

Gi i:

V d 2:c t bn phm m t s h hai (di nh t l 16 bit), k tqu c c t i thanh ghi BX. Sau hi n n i dung thanh

ghi BX ra mn hnh.Gi i:

V d 3: Nh p m t dy s 8 bit d ng th p phn, cc s cchnhau b ng 1 d u cch v k t thc b ng phm Enter. S p x p

dy s theo th t t ng d n v in dy s s p x p ra mnhnh.Gi i:


MMtt ss ch ngch ng tr tr nhnh cc thth

V d 4: Vi t ch ng trnh cho php nh p vo kchh h h


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th c M*N v cc ph n t c a m t m ng 2 chi ugm cc s th p phn 8 bit.

Tm s ln nh t v nh nh t c a m ng, in ra mn hnhTnh t ng cc ph n t c a m ng v in ra mn hnhChuy n thnh m ng N*M v in m ng m i ra mn hnh

Gi i:

Hy nh p gi tr M=

Hy nh p gi tr N=

Nhp ph n t [1,1]=

Nhp ph n t [1,2]

......

S l n nh t l ph n t [3,4]=15

Snhnht l ph n t [1,2]=2

Tng=256

...

DHBK 2005

NN ii dungdung mnmn hh cc

1 Gi i hi h h i l


206/524

1. Gi i thi u chung v h vi x l2. B vi x l Intel 8088/80863. L p trnh h p ng cho 8086

4. T ch c vo ra d liu5. Ng t v x l ng t6. Truy c p b nh tr c ti p DMA

7. Cc b vi x l trn th c t

DHBK 2005

Ch ngCh ng 4:4: TT chch cc vv oo rara

C t hi 8086 h h


207/524

Cc tn hi u c a 8086 v cc m ch ph 8288

Ghp n i 8088 v i b nh Ghp n i 8086 v i b nh Ghp n i v i thi t b ngo i vi

DHBK 2005


C t hi 8086 h h


208/524


Cc tn hi u c a 8086Phn knh v vi c m cho cc bus

Mch t o xung nh p 8284 v m ch iu khi nBi u th i gian c a cc l nh ghi/ c

Ghp n i 8088 v i b nh

Ghp n i 8086 v i b nh Ghp n i v i thi t b ngo i vi


209/524

DHBK 2005

CC cc chnchn tt nn hihi uu cc aa


210/524

8086

AD0-AD15

A16/S3

A17/S4

A19/S6A18/S5

BHE/S7READY

HOLD(RQ/GT0)HLDA(RQ/GT1)HLDA(RQ/GT1)

M/IO (S2)

DT/R(S1)

WR (LOCK)RD

DEN (S0)SS0

NMIINTR

MN/MXRESET

Tn hi u iukhi n h thng

Tn hi u iukhi n CPU

DHBK 2005


AD0-AD15:


211/524

AD0-AD15:

ALE =1: 16 chn a ch cho b nh ho c I/OALE=0: 16 ng d liu

A19/S6-A16/S34 bit a ch cao4 bit tr ng thi:

S6 lun b ng 1S5: tr ng thi c a IFS4, S3: bit tr ng thi v thanh ghi o n

ang truy c p

READY: input pin,0 => vi x l vo tr ng thi i

S4 S3

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

DHBK 2005


NMI (Non-maskable interrupt)


212/524

NMI (Non-maskable interrupt)NMI=1 => th c hi n INT 2

RESET1: kh i ng l i h th ng v th c hi n l nh t i nh

MN/MX1: ch min0: ch max

BHE/S7:0: cho php truy c p byte cao d liuTr ng thi S7 lun b ng 1

RD0: CPU c d liu t b nh ho c thi t b ngo i vi

DHBK 2005


Cc chn ch min


213/524

Cc chn ch minINTA: interrupt acknowledge

0: khi INTR=1 v IF=1

ALE: address latch enableDT/R: data transmit/receive

1: bus d liu ang truy n d liu i0: bus d liu ang nh n d liu

DEN: Data enable0: kch ho t m d liu ngoi

HOLD1: CPU t m d ng ho t ng nh ng quy n iu khibus c t tr ng thi tr khng cao

DHBK 2005


Cc chn ch Max


214/524

Cc chn ch MaxS2, S1, S0

ghp n i v i iu khi n bus 8288

S2 S1 S0chu k iu khi n ca

0 0 0 ch p nh n yu c u ng t

0 0 1 c thi t b ngo i vi0 1 0 Ghi thi t b ngo i vi

0 1 1 D ng1 0 0 c m l nh1 0 1 c bnh

DHBK 2005


Cc chn ch Max


215/524

Cc chn ch MaxRQ/GT0 v RQ/GT1: Request/Grant

Tn hi u yu c u dng bus c a cc b vi x l khc/chc a CPUGT0 c m c u tin cao h n GT1

LOCK0: c m cc b vi x l khc dng bus

QS0 v QS1:tr ng thi c a hng i lnh

QS1 QS0 Tr ng thi hng i lnh

DHBK 2005


Cc tn hi u c a 8086 v cc m ch ph


216/524


Cc tn hi u c a 8086Phn knh v vi c m cho cc bus

Mch t o xung nh p 8284 v m ch iu khi nBi u th i gian c a cc l nh

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