KU120-05KU120-05Unit 5: SeminarUnit 5: Seminar

Thought Patterns: Thought Patterns: Time Order, Space Order & ListingTime Order, Space Order & Listing

Instructor:Instructor: Julie Morris, MA Julie Morris, MASeminar:Seminar: Tuesdays, 4pm ET Tuesdays, 4pm ETAIM name:AIM name: Prof Julie M Prof Julie M

Tonight’s AgendaTonight’s Agenda IntroductionIntroduction TransitionsTransitions Thought PatternsThought Patterns

Time OrderTime Order Space OrderSpace Order

What is a transition?What is a transition?

The goal of your writingThe goal of your writing convey information convey information maybe persuade maybe persuade

Transitions Transitions establishing connections between establishing connections between

sentences sentences paragraphsparagraphs sections of your paperssections of your papers

tell readers what to do with the information you present tell readers what to do with the information you present themthem

tell them how to think about, organize, and react to ideas tell them how to think about, organize, and react to ideas you presentyou present

From: http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/transitions.htmlFrom: http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/transitions.html

Transitional ExpressionsTransitional Expressionshttp://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/transitions.htmlhttp://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/transitions.html

LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP

TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSION

Similarity also, in the same way, just as ... so too, likewise, similarly

Exception/Contrast but, however, in spite of, on the one hand ... on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, in contrast, on the contrary, still, yet

Sequence/Order first, second, third, ... next, then, finally

Time after, afterward, at last, before, currently, during, earlier, immediately, later, meanwhile, now, recently, simultaneously, subsequently, then

Example for example, for instance, namely, specifically, to illustrate

Emphasis even, indeed, in fact, of course, truly

Place/Position above, adjacent, below, beyond, here, in front, in back, nearby, there

Cause and Effect accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus

Additional Support or Evidence

additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, then

Conclusion/Summary finally, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, in the end, in the final analysis, on the whole, thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, in summary 

Practicing TransitionsPracticing Transitions

1.1. This year I made minimum wage. Last This year I made minimum wage. Last year I was unemployed.year I was unemployed.

2.2. I ate too much. I threw up.I ate too much. I threw up.

3.3. I went to the store. I went to the dry I went to the store. I went to the dry cleaners. I picked up my daughter.cleaners. I picked up my daughter.

4.4. Gina liked sewing. She sewed a new Gina liked sewing. She sewed a new outfit for Easter.outfit for Easter.

Add TransitionsAdd Transitions1.1. Rebecca and Sean drove 120 miles round trip Rebecca and Sean drove 120 miles round trip

to see John Mayer in concert. ________, they to see John Mayer in concert. ________, they agreed that the trip had been well worth the agreed that the trip had been well worth the time, cost, and effort.time, cost, and effort.

2.2. Juan came to the United States without Juan came to the United States without money, family, or friends. He found a job, money, family, or friends. He found a job, worked hard, and saved his money. ________, worked hard, and saved his money. ________, he bought a home and brought his family he bought a home and brought his family from Mexico to live with him.from Mexico to live with him.

3.3. George finally bought a new car off a dealer’s George finally bought a new car off a dealer’s lot that had never been owned before—a red lot that had never been owned before—a red convertible Mustang. ________, he had convertible Mustang. ________, he had bought only used cars.bought only used cars.

Why do we care about patterns Why do we care about patterns of organization?of organization?

Recognizing these organizational Recognizing these organizational patterns will serve you by helping you patterns will serve you by helping you

1.1. make predictions to guide your make predictions to guide your reading reading

2.2. identify key points identify key points 3.3. decide how best to take notesdecide how best to take notes4.4. give you a framework for give you a framework for

remembering details remembering details (Flemming, p. 432)(Flemming, p. 432)

Patterns of OrganizationPatterns of Organization

1.1. Time OrderTime Order

2.2. Space OrderSpace Order

3.3. ClassificationClassification

4.4. Comparison and ContrastComparison and Contrast

5.5. Cause and EffectCause and Effect

6.6. Generalization and ExampleGeneralization and Example

Transitions Commonly Used to Transitions Commonly Used to Organize Time Order PatternsOrganize Time Order Patterns

after during later previously ultimatelyafterward eventually meanwhile second untilas finally next since whenbefore first now soon whilecurrently last often then

Typical Topic SentencesTypical Topic Sentences

1.1. The life of painter Frida Kahlo is a lesson on The life of painter Frida Kahlo is a lesson on how art can be an antidote to pain.how art can be an antidote to pain.

2.2. The years leading up to the Great The years leading up to the Great Depression were filled with a sense of both Depression were filled with a sense of both optimism and progress.optimism and progress.

3.3. Between 1939 and 1944, most of Europe Between 1939 and 1944, most of Europe descended into a nightmare world of terror, descended into a nightmare world of terror, violence, and death.violence, and death.

4.4. In their youth, the inventors of the airplane, In their youth, the inventors of the airplane, Wilbur and Orville Wright, seemed destined Wilbur and Orville Wright, seemed destined for failure.for failure.

Taking NotesTaking Notes

1.1. The main ideaThe main idea2.2. The dates and events used to develop The dates and events used to develop

the main idea the main idea Time lineTime line

3.3. Any other supporting details that lack Any other supporting details that lack dates but still seem essential to dates but still seem essential to developing the main ideadeveloping the main idea

Typical Topic Sentences for Typical Topic Sentences for Process PatternsProcess Patterns

1.1. The process of photosynthesis is The process of photosynthesis is essential to plant life.essential to plant life.

2.2. Storing information in long-term Storing information in long-term memory involves several distinct memory involves several distinct steps.steps.

3.3. The red-headed owl follows an The red-headed owl follows an intricate courting ritual.intricate courting ritual.

Step by Step Process of Step by Step Process of Painting a HousePainting a House

Paint second coat if needed

Assess the house

Scrape loose paint

Paint house

Allow appropriate drying time

Gather supplies:

Scrapers, ladder, tarp, paint, paint brushes, sprayers (if using)

Taking Notes on Process Taking Notes on Process PatternsPatterns

1.1. The main ideaThe main idea

2.2. The specific steps in the processThe specific steps in the process

3.3. The order in which they are presentedThe order in which they are presented1.1. Flow chartFlow chart

2.2. Tree diagramTree diagram

4.4. Any specialized vocabulary used to Any specialized vocabulary used to describe the steps or stagesdescribe the steps or stages

Transitions Commonly Used to Transitions Commonly Used to Organize Space Order PatternsOrganize Space Order Patterns

Typical Topic Sentences for Typical Topic Sentences for Space Order ParagraphsSpace Order Paragraphs

1.1. Traditional furniture placement requires Traditional furniture placement requires balance and symmetry.balance and symmetry.

2.2. To learn his way around Washington DC, To learn his way around Washington DC, the average tourist needs to familiarize the average tourist needs to familiarize himself with the locations of five himself with the locations of five important landmarks.important landmarks.

3.3. From their heads to the tips of their tails, From their heads to the tips of their tails, humpback whales bear distinctive humpback whales bear distinctive markings.markings.

Taking Notes on Space Taking Notes on Space PatternsPatterns

1.1. The main ideaThe main idea

2.2. The details providedThe details provided

3.3. The geography of the detailsThe geography of the details1.1. DiagramDiagram

2.2. MapMap

Transitions Commonly Used to Transitions Commonly Used to Organize List Order PatternsOrganize List Order Patterns

Typical Topic Sentences for List Typical Topic Sentences for List Order ParagraphsOrder Paragraphs

1.1. Rachel needed six things at the Rachel needed six things at the grocery store.grocery store.

2.2. Caring for a dog can be expensive.Caring for a dog can be expensive.

3.3. Handwriting reveals a lot about a Handwriting reveals a lot about a person.person.

Taking Notes on List PatternsTaking Notes on List Patterns

1.1. The main ideaThe main idea

2.2. The details providedThe details provided1.1. Numbered listsNumbered lists

11The goal of preventing psychological problems can be The goal of preventing psychological problems can be realized at several different points. realized at several different points. 22The first point, primary The first point, primary prevention, seeks to put a stop to a condition before it prevention, seeks to put a stop to a condition before it begins. begins. 33Steps might be taken, for example, to teach people Steps might be taken, for example, to teach people healthy coping skills. healthy coping skills. 44At the same time, primary prevention At the same time, primary prevention may also seek to change the situations that lead to mental may also seek to change the situations that lead to mental problems such as anxiety or depression. problems such as anxiety or depression. 55Next is secondary Next is secondary prevention. prevention. 66In secondary prevention, attempts are made to In secondary prevention, attempts are made to limit the length and difficulty of a disorder once it has limit the length and difficulty of a disorder once it has begun. begun. 77Programs that allow for early identification and Programs that allow for early identification and prompt treatment of problems help achieve this goal. prompt treatment of problems help achieve this goal. 88Finally, tertiary prevention limits the longterm impact of a Finally, tertiary prevention limits the longterm impact of a psychological disorder by seeking to avoid a relapse. psychological disorder by seeking to avoid a relapse. 99During this approach, steps are taken to identify the causes During this approach, steps are taken to identify the causes of the disorder and, as much as possible, get rid of them. of the disorder and, as much as possible, get rid of them.

——Adapted from Gerrig & Zimbardo, Adapted from Gerrig & Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, Psychology and Life, 16th ed., p. 531.16th ed., p. 531.

11Learning to relax is among the best ways to improve Learning to relax is among the best ways to improve concentration during listening. concentration during listening. 22A A variety of physical and variety of physical and mental exercises will help you sustain attention as you listen. mental exercises will help you sustain attention as you listen. 33One activity One activity is relaxing your muscles. is relaxing your muscles. 44Tighten a single Tighten a single muscle group such as your neck, your lower muscle group such as your neck, your lower arm, or your foot arm, or your foot for five or six seconds, and then completely relax it. for five or six seconds, and then completely relax it. 55Begin at Begin at the extremities the extremities of your body and work inward. of your body and work inward. 66You will realize You will realize that you were experiencing muscle stress as normal. that you were experiencing muscle stress as normal. 77A A second exercise is imagery. second exercise is imagery. 88To relax before the listening To relax before the listening session, vividly recall a session, vividly recall a positive experience; relive all of the positive experience; relive all of the sights, smells, and sounds.sights, smells, and sounds. 9 9Your mind will relax as it focuses Your mind will relax as it focuses on these memories. on these memories. 1010This effect can also be reached through This effect can also be reached through fantasy by calling up fantasy by calling up imaginary events or images. imaginary events or images. 1111A third A third exercise is mental rehearsal, trying out in your mind exercise is mental rehearsal, trying out in your mind various various solutions to a stressful problem; when athletes have rehearsed solutions to a stressful problem; when athletes have rehearsed mentally and see themselves winning, they have gone on to be mentally and see themselves winning, they have gone on to be highly successful. highly successful. 1212Finally, deep breathing clears your Finally, deep breathing clears your mind mind and enables you to relax; this technique is helpful for any and enables you to relax; this technique is helpful for any stressful listening event.stressful listening event.

——Adapted from Brownell, Adapted from Brownell, Listening: Attitudes, Principles, and Skills, 2nd ed., p. 88.Listening: Attitudes, Principles, and Skills, 2nd ed., p. 88.

Located 110 miles off the coasts of Texas and Located 110 miles off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana, Flower Garden Banks National Louisiana, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary hosts the northernmost coral Marine Sanctuary hosts the northernmost coral reefs in the United States. Rising to within 66 reefs in the United States. Rising to within 66 feet of the surface, the Banks are an attractive feet of the surface, the Banks are an attractive home for shallow water Caribbean reef fishes home for shallow water Caribbean reef fishes and invertebrates. Today it has become a and invertebrates. Today it has become a premier diving destination and attracts premier diving destination and attracts scientists from around the world.scientists from around the world.  ——National Marine Sanctuaries. 18 July 2004National Marine Sanctuaries. 18 July 2004..