BASIC BIOSAFETY RULES FOR LABORATORY PERSONNELKeep Lab Safety Keep You Healthy (2017-1-TR01-KA202-046148)

This project was funded by the European Union (Erasmus +) and the National Agency of Turkey1

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Any biological agent/material and substance such as animals,plants, toxins, enzymes, allergens, contaminated body secretionsand fluids including microorganisms and experimental animals

that may have a harmful effect on living organisms

2

3

Biological

risk

factors

Fungi

ProtozoaVirus

Bacteria

Toxins

ExercisesMatch events with infection routes

9. Cut tissue samples with scalpel

3. Take contaminated material or fingers to mouth

5. Touching contaminated equipment / surface

1. Pipetting by mouth

6. Collect shards of glass

2. Splash of infectious material in the eye, mouth or nose

4. Spill, scattering of biological material

8. To eat, drink and make up in the laboratory

7. Carrying a medical waste bag with a needle tip

10. Centrifugation of respiratory samples for tuberculosis examination

11. Making a passage from blood culture bottles using an injector

Inhalation

of aerosols

Direct contact

with

mucous

membranes

Ingestion

by mouth

Percutaneous

injury/

skin contact

via respiratory tract via skin/mucous membranes by mouth

aerosols percutaneous contact ingestion

Exercise: AnswerMatch events with infection routes

4,9,10,11 2,4,5,10,11 1,3,5,8 4,6,7,9,11

Aerosollerin

solunması

Mukozalarla

doğrudan temas

Ağız yoluyla

yutma

Perkutanöz

yaralanma/

deri teması

Inhalation

of aerosols

Direct contact

with

mucous

membranes

Ingestion

by mouth

Percutaneous

injury/

skin contact

via respiratory tract via skin/mucous membranes by mouth

aerosols percutaneous contact ingestion

Direct transmission

• Respiratory• Digestive tract• Contact with skin and

mucous membranes• Sexual contact• Congenitally• Blood/organ transplantation

Indirect transmission

• Mechanical or biologicaltransport by vertebrates orinvertebrates

• Mechanical transport byfomites (injector, pipettecomb etc.)

6

7

The most common ways oftransmission of infections in thelaboratory

InhalationDigestion

Percutaneous

injury

Direct contact

8

Aerosol

• Dispersion of a solid or liquid substance in the gas medium

• An example of aerosols from nature / everyday life ??

• What applications can produce aerosols in the laboratory?

• When using needles,

injectors and cutting

objects

• When using a loop and

pipette

• Processing samples

and cultures

• Which factors can be transmitted most frequently?Brucella spp., Francisella spp., Coxiella spp.Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• How to protect?Safe microbiological techniquesIf aerosol formation cannot be prevented

Mask (both BGK and mask in Tb laboratory)Biosafety cabinetCentrifuge with lidDisposable loop or incineratorNot opening the tube caps immediately after centrifugation and vortexing

10

• Which factors can be transmitted most frequently?Brucella spp., Francisella spp., Coxiella spp.Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• How to protect?Safe microbiological techniquesIf aerosol formation cannot be prevented

Mask (both BGK and mask in Tb laboratory)Biosafety cabinetCentrifuge with lidDisposable loop or incineratorNot opening the tube caps immediately after centrifugation and vortexing

11

Contamination by impaired skin

The greatest risk of injury with sharp-penetrating objects

The most common form ofpercutaneous injury in health careworkers

12

Risk of infection:• Fullness of needle • Depth of wound • The density of microorganisms in the

human / animal being sampled • Washing the wound after injury

Contamination by impaired skinThe greatest risk of injury with sharp-penetrating objectsThe most common form of percutaneous injury in health care workers

13

Risk of infection:• Fullness of needle • Depth of wound • The density of microorganisms in the

human / animal being sampled • Washing the wound after injury

• Which factors can be transmitted most frequently?

Many blood-borne microbial agents, especiallyviruses such as HBV, HCV, HDV and HIV

• How to protect?

– Wear gloves

– Do not close the needle caps again

– Use cutter-punch waste container

– Get a hepatitis B vaccine

14

• Which factors can be transmitted most frequently?

Many blood-borne microbial agents, especiallyviruses such as HBV, HCV, HDV and HIV

• How to protect?

– Wear gloves

– Do not close the needle caps again

– Use cutter-punch waste container

– Get a hepatitis B vaccine

15

In case of penetrating injury:

• Immediately wash injured area withsoap and water

• Let the wound bleed under water

• Close up with band-aid in first aidcabinet

• Inform the laboratory supervisor

• Always show a doctor the location ofthe injury

• Write the incident in detail on theAccident Notification Form of yourlaboratory

16

Contamination from mucosa byswallowing or by bringing handstouching infected surfaces withaerosol / splash material to mouth

17

• Which factors can be transmitted most frequently?

Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus,Candida albicans, Hepatit A virüs, rhinovirus can survive oncontaminated surfaces for months

• How to protect?

No pipetting by mouth

No food and bevarage in the lab.

Prevention of splashing of infected material into mouth

Hand not taken to mouth

18

• Which factors can be transmitted most frequently?

Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus,Candida albicans, Hepatit A virüs, rhinovirus can survive oncontaminated surfaces for months

• How to protect?

No pipetting by mouth

No food and bevarage in the lab.

Prevention of splashing of infected material into mouth

Hand not taken to mouth

19

20

• Frequent and proper washing of hands

• Regular cleaning of laboratory surfaces

• Decontaminating surfaces after spill scattering

• Stopping contact with mobile phone

• Obtaining a certificate for working with experimental animals

Risk Group

(RG)Features Example

RG-1 Low or no risk of causing illness to

person or society

Bacillus subtilisEscherichia coli

RG-2 Moderate risk in humans and

animals but low risk for community

Escherichia coliStreptococcus pyogenesCandida albicansHerpes simplex virus tip 1

RG-3 Risk for human is high, risk forcommunity is low

Shiga toksin Escherichia coliMycobacterium tuberculosisShigella dysenteria tip 1Echinococcus granulosus

RG-4 Both individual and community risk

is high

Kırım-Kongo hemorrhagic fevervirusEbola virus

22

Microorganism risk groups, WHO

BIOSAFETY

LEVELS

23

In the laboratory

• Which microorganism (s)

• Type of work and experiment

• Aerosol contaminationfeature of working material

• Contamination of aerosols

• Natural structure of material (solid or liquid media)

• Sample volume and microorganism load in the sample

24

RG-4

RG-3

RG-2

RG-1

25

Biosafety Level-1 (BSL-1, BGD-1)

Training laboratories working with non-risk factors for humans

Practice Workingenvironment

Basic security measures Features of laboratory

Basic microbiologicalapplications

Non-pathogenicmicroorganisms

Bacillus subtilis

Open counter Cutter-punch waste container

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

With a separate door from the office

Work surfaces are resistanand clean

Sink for hand wash

Biosafety Level-2 (BSL-2, BGD-2)

At least BGD-2 level if it contains applications for human and animal samples

Lab staff must be trained in safe work and biosecurity

26

Practice Working environment

Basic security measures Features of laboratory

Basic microbiological applications

E. coli

S. aureus

S. pneumoniae

C. albicans

T. gondii

HBV/HCV/HIV (Serology)

Biosafety cabinet All safety equipment

Autoclave (should be outside of Lab)

PPE

Restriction and biohazard warning symbol should be placed at the entrance of the laboratory

Self-closing door

Eye and body shower

Hand wash basin near the door

Closed window

Biosafety Level-3 (BSL-3, BGD-3)

The type of laboratory in which high-risk agents and high-risk agents areworked.

Lab staff should receive special training. Very few in our country

27

Practice Working environment

Basic security measures

Features of laboratory

Biological agents that may pose serious risk

M. tuberculosis

Brucella spp.

F. tularensis

HIV (Kültür)

Biosafety cabinet

Special laboratory environment

All safety equipment

Autoclave (should be outside of Lab)

PPE

Access to the laboratory entrance through two-stage and air-locked chambers

Self-closing door

Eye and body shower

Hand wash basin near outlet

Closed windows and seals must be provided

The air pressure of the laboratory is negative compared to the external environment

The exhaust air must be filtered through the HEPA filter and released to the outside.

Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4, BGD-4)

Laboratory type in which incurable, percutaneous-aerosol-transmitted agentsare studied, which are highly risky for lab employees and society, have highspread risk

28

Practice Working environment

Basic security measures Features of laboratory

Biological agents that may pose serious risk

Crimean-CongoHemorrhagic Fever

Smallpox virus

Ebola virus

Class III Biosafety Cabinet(exhaust outside)

Separate private building or laboratory environment with separate entrance

All safety equipment

Autoclave (should be inside of Lab)

PPE

Special protective clothing withpositive pressure

Two-stage, air-locked entry

Outlet with shower

Special waste system

BASIC BIOSAFETY RULES FOR LABORATORY PERSONNELKeep Lab Safety Keep You Healthy (2017-1-TR01-KA202-046148)

This project was funded by the European Union (Erasmus +) and the National Agency of Turkey29

BIOSAFETY

30Temel Güvenlik Uyum Eğitimi

RSHMB-2009

31

All measures, innovative approaches and technologies toprotect the person, the environment and others around usagainst biological hazards

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• Laboratory biosafety training foreveryone before starting to work atLab.

• BGD-2 and ‘Biological Hazard’warning sign at lab entrance

32

BIOHAZARD

Biosafety Level 2

Personnel Only

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• Limiting to lab entrance and exit

– No access to unauthorized persons

– Restriction of lab to entry for children under 12

– Keeping the lab door closedwhen working with pathogens

33

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• Prevention of animal (including insects and arachnids) and plant entry

• Separation of dirty and clean areas in the lab.

• Decontaminating of materials suchas phone, clock, computer, books, pens etc if used in dirty areas

34

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• Wearing lab coats in accordance with standards and not to be used / washed outside the laboratory

• Hand washing before and after lab work

35

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• No personal items (bags, coats, etc.)

• No food -beverage storage and consumption

• No make-up

• No open shoes, slippers, etc.

• Do not wear or remove contact lenses

36

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS• Hair collection; The lack of jewelry eg rings etc• Timely and complete vaccination• Use of PPE absolutely necessary

37

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS• Safe storage and transportation of samples• Implement periodic pest control program• Proper separation of waste and disposal according to

waste procedures• Using visual and audible warning signs, information,

banner and posters against hazards

38

39

All institutional and personal measures taken to preventunauthorized supply, unauthorized use and abuse of high-riskbiological materials such as pathogens and toxins, vaccines andpharmaceutical products, microorganism stocks

• Establishing a Biosafety Program for Laboratory

• Preventing deliberate or unintentional removal of high-riskbiological materials out of the lab

• Lab. risk assessment

• Establishing physical, employee, material, information andmonitoring security

• Establishing an Emergency Action Plan

• Giving informative trainings

40

TeşekkürlerThanksGraciasObrigada

• http://biosafetyinlab.com/

41

Universidade do Minho