KS4 Kinetic and Potential energyKS4 Kinetic and Potential energy

What is energy?What is energy?

Energy lets you do things.

Another name for energy is ____

The units of energy are ______.

work

Joules

There are many different types of energy you need to know about.

How many joules in a kilojoule? _______1 000 J

Different types of energyDifferent types of energy

1. ___________

2. ___________

3. ___________

4. ___________

5. ___________

6. ___________

7. ___________

8. ___________

9. ___________

Light

Sound

Kinetic

Nuclear

Electrical

Chemical

Elastic

Gravitational

Heat

Gravitational energyGravitational energy

Any object in a gravitational field has gravitational potential energy due to its position in that field.

Moon

Earth

The _____ has gravitational potential energy due to the gravitational field of the Earth.

The ____ has gravitational potential energy due to the gravitational field of the Sun.

Changes in gravitational potential energyChanges in gravitational potential energy

For an object in Earth’s gravitational field:

If an object falls will it gain or lose gravitational potential energy?

If an object moves up will it gain or lose gravitational

potential energy?

GPE=WhGPE=Wh

We can calculate the change in gravitational potential energy (GPE) for a moving object using the formula below:

Change in GPE = Weight x Change in height

GPE=Wh

GPE measured in Joules (J)

Weight measured in Newtons (N)

Height measured in Metres (m)

A parachutistA parachutist

A parachutist of weight 600N jumps from a plane, 2000m above the ground.

How much gravitational potential energy will she have lost when she reaches the ground?

Change in GPE = Weight x change in height

= W x h

= 600N x 2 000m

= 1 200 000 J

Kinetic energyKinetic energy

This is the energy possessed by an object due to its movement.

What factors will increase the amount of kinetic energy a moving object has?

The velocity of the object

The shape of the object

The mass of the object

The height of the object

x

x

Mass and speedMass and speed

If you increase the mass of a moving object you increase the kinetic energy.

If you double the mass, you double the kinetic energy.

If you increase the speed of a moving object you increase the kinetic energy.

BUT… If you double the speed, you quadruple the kinetic energy.

This is why even if you are slightly above the speed limit, you increase the kinetic energy of a moving car a lot, this means it is harder to stop the car and there is more chance of an accident.

KE=½m(v)²KE=½m(v)²

We can calculate the kinetic energy (KE) for a moving object using the formula below:

Kinetic Energy = ½x mass x(velocity)2

KE=½mv2

KE measured in Joules (J)

Mass measured in Kilograms (Kg)

Velocity measured in Metres per second (ms-1)

Kinetic energy calculation Kinetic energy calculation

Kinetic energy = ½ mass(velocity)2

= ½ x 400 x(10)2

= 20 000 J

A car has a mass of 400kg and a velocity of 10 ms-1, what is the kinetic energy of the car?

Kinetic energyKinetic energyAny object that moves will have kinetic energy.

The amount of kinetic energy an object has can be found using the formula:

Kinetic energy = ½ x mass x velocity squared

in J in kg in m/s

KE = ½ mv2

1) A 70kg boy is running at about 10m/s. What is his kinetic energy?

KE = ½ mv2

KE = ½ x 70 x 102 KE = 3500 J

Some questions…Some questions…2) What is the kinetic energy of a 100g tennis ball being thrown at a speed of 5m/s?

KE = ½ mv2

KE = ½ x 0.1 x 52 KE = 1.25 J

3) A braking force of 1000N is applied by a driver to stop his car. The car covered 50m before it stopped. How much work did the brakes do?

(This equals the kinetic energy of the car)

Work done = Force x distance = 1000N x 50m = 50,000 J

4) A crane is lifting a 50kg load up into the air with a constant speed. If the load is raised by 200m how much work has the crane done?

(The answer isn’t 10,000J * remember 1Kg = 10 N )

Work done = Force x distance = 500N x 200m = 100,000 J

5) What is the kinetic energy of a 60 kg student running at 5 m/s ?

KE = ½ mv2

KE = ½ x 60 x 52 KE = 750 J

Gravitational potential energy = Mass x gravity x height ( J )

Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

Gravitational potential energy is the energypossessed by an object which has been raised above the ground.

Find the GPE of a 5kg mass which has been raised through a height of 1.2 m.

GPE = m g h

GPE = 5 x 10 x 1.2

GPE = 60 J

a) Work done = F x d = 10,000 N x ..… = …………..… J

b) Work done = GPE !!

= ……… J

c) GPE becomes KE:

d) KE to h…..….. and s…..….. energy.

c) GPE becomes KE:

GPE = KE = ½ mv2

50,000 = ½ x 1000 x V2

50,000 = 500 x V2

100 = V2 so V = 10 m/s

b) Work done = GPE !!

= ……… J

d) KE to h…..….. and s…..….. energy.

a) Work done = F x d = 10,000 N x ..… = …………..… J

A person is travelling at 20 m/s ( about 45 mph) and is wearing a seat belt. The car unfortunately crashes into a tree. After the accident the belt is found to have stretched 22cm and saved the person’s life.

a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the person if their mass is 50 Kg.

………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………..

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b) If all of the person’s kinetic energy becomes the work done by the belt stretching, calculate the restraining force of the belt on the person.

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a) b)

If the car had been travelling at 40m/s and the belt stretches by 44 cm:

a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the person if their mass is 50 Kg.

………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………..

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b) If all of the person’s kinetic energy becomes the work done by the belt stretching, calculate the restraining force of the belt on the person.

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Q4 Answers to past paper questions

Q5

Q14