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© Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 21 Adaptation KS4 Biology

Ks4 adaptation

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Page 1: Ks4 adaptation

© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 21

Adaptation

KS4 Biology

Page 2: Ks4 adaptation

© Boardworks Ltd 20042 of 21

Adaptation

Contents

What is an adaptation?

Adaptations for a cold climate

Other adaptations

Adaptation activities

Adaptations for a dry climate

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Different types of habitat

In general, there are three major habitat types in the world.

land habitats

marine habitats

freshwater habitats

How do organisms survive in such different habitats?

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What is an adaptation?

A habitat is only populated by organisms that are adapted to survive there.

Adaptations are special features or behaviours that make an organism particularly suited to its environment.

Adaptations are a part of the evolutionary process.

Why is it important that living things are adapted to their environment?

Adaptations increase an organism’s chance of survival and so increase its chance of reproducing.

Why is reproduction so important for all living species?

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Matching organisms to their habitat

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Adaptation

Contents

What is an adaptation?

Adaptations for a cold climate

Other adaptations

Adaptation activities

Adaptations for a dry climate

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How are polar bears adapted to life in an extremely cold climate?

White fur acts as camouflage.

Large feet spread the body’s weight. The wide paws act as good paddles

How are polar bears adapted?

Thick fur and a thick layer of body fat insulate from the cold.

Small ears help to reduce heat loss.

and snow shoes.

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Other adaptations that polar bears have evolved to cope with conditions in the harsh polar environment are:

How are polar bears adapted?

Skin is actually black to absorb any heat transmitted through the hairs.

Greasy fur repels water and keeps the bear dry.

Eyes have brown irises to reduce the glare from sunlight reflection.

Body surface area is small compared to volume to reduce heat loss.

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Adaptation

Contents

What is an adaptation?

Adaptations for a cold climate

Other adaptations

Adaptation activities

Adaptations for a dry climate

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Curious camel facts

…camels have three stomachs.

...some camels live to over 40 years old.

…some Bactrian camels can transport 450 kg.

…archaeological finds show that they originated in North America.

…Somalia is home to over 6 million camels!

Camels are amazing creatures! Did you know that…

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Wide feet for spreading

How is a camel adapted to life in a very hot, dry climate?

Fat is stored in the hump. There is no other body fat to prevent overheating.

How is a camel adapted?

Brown coat for camouflage.

Long, thin legs mean the body surface area is large compared to volume to increase heat loss.

Loses little water through sweating or urine.

shifting sand.body weight over soft

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Nostrils can close when needed to protect the camel in sandstorms.

How is a camel adapted?

Long eyelashes protect the eyes from sand and dust.

A very varied diet, ranging from grass and bark to thorns and bones, is eaten.

Ears are lined with fur to prevent sand and dust from getting in.

Other adaptations that camels have evolved to cope with conditions in the harsh desert environment are:

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Leaves are narrow spines that reduce water loss and protect from predators.

Stores water in fleshy stem.

How is a cactus adapted?

Thick, waxy surface to reduce water loss.

How is a cactus adapted to life in a very hot, dry climate?

Plant surface area is small compared to volume to reduce water loss.

Some have shallow, spreading roots for surface water, others have deep roots.

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A very varied diet ranging from grass and bark to thorns and bones.

Nostrils can closed when needed to protect the camel in sandstorms.

How is a kangaroo rat adapted?

Long tail for balance when hopping.

Brown fur for camouflage and only goes out at night when it is much cooler.

A kangaroo rat is a mammal that lives in dry desert habitats. How is this small animal adapted to this harsh environment?

Large back feet to escape from predators allow it to hop 2 metres at a time!

Most water comes from its diet of seeds.

Does not sweat, or pant, to reduce water loss.

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Adaptation

Contents

What is an adaptation?

Adaptations for a cold climate

Other adaptations

Adaptation activities

Adaptations for a dry climate

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How is this barracuda adapted to an aquatic environment?

Aquatic adaptations

Streamlined shape to reduce friction when moving through water.

Gills have a large surface area so that oxygen can be extracted from the surrounding water.

Silver colouring allows the fish to be camouflaged.

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Unusual plant adaptations

Plants can live in acid or waterlogged soils where there is little nitrate. Some plants have evolved a rather cunning adaptation to obtain the nutrients they need.

Hairs on the slippery inside of the plant are angled down to ensure that the victim cannot escape!

Pitcher plants have a large hollow filled with fluid that traps insects or other small organisms that may fall in.

The plant digests its victims to absorb the nitrates it needs!

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Adaptation

Contents

What is an adaptation?

Adaptations for a cold climate

Other adaptations

Adaptation activities

Adaptations for a dry climate

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True or false?

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Matching adaptations

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Multiple-choice quiz