Krok 1 STOMATOLOGYKrok 1 Stomatology 2017 2 A. Аqueductus vestibuli B. Fossa subarcuata C. Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majoris D. Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris E. Fissura petrosquamosa

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF UKRAINE

Department of human resources policy, education and science

Testing Board

Test items for licensing examination

Krok 1

STOMATOLOGY

Student ID Last name

Variant ________________

ББК 54.1я73УДК 61

Authors of items: Abakarov M.Kh., Alieksandrova E.M., Ambarova L.I., Ananko S.Ya., Barinov E.F.,Berezniak M.A., Bielan S.M., Bisiarin Yu.V., Blinder O.O., Blyshchavenko Yu.V., Boikiv D.P., Boiko O.V.,Bondarenko N.M., Bondarenko V.V., Bozhko O.H., Bredykhina L.P., Cherkas L.P., Chernikova H.M.,Chernobay L.V., Cherviak M.M., Churilin O.O., Datsyshyn P.T., Demianenko I.A., Diakova T.Ye.,Dron L.A., Dutchak U.M., Dzevulska I.V., Fartushok N.V., Fedchenko M.M., Fedorchenko O.M.,Filchukov D.O., Filiushyna K.V., Habysheva L.S., Halata D.I., Haliuk U.M., Hanziy T.V., Harhin V.V.,Herush I.V., Holieva N.V., Honsky Ya.I., Horchakova N.O., Hryhorieva N.P., Hrytsyna I.V.,Hudyvok Ya.S., Hurmak I.S., Husarenko V.D., Istoshyn V.M., Izmailova L.V., Kaptiukh R.F.,Kaptiukh R.P., Khodorovsky H.I., Khripkov I.S., Khromenkova O.B., Kiriakulov H.S., Klypych Ya.I.,Koldunov V.V., Kolot E.H., Kononchuk M.A., Kopchuk T.H., Korolenko H.S., Kovalenko O.Yu.,Kriuk Yu.Ya., Kryvobok H.K., Kukurychkin Ye.R., Kulish A.S., Kutsyk R.V., Kuziv O.Ye., Kyrychek P.V.,Kyrychenko L.H., Lebedenko V.Yu., Levchuk O.V., Linchevska L.P., Lozynska R.V., Lyla N.L.,Maksymchuk T.P., Manzheley O.Ye., Mashko T.V., Matiushenko P.M., Mazepa A.I., Melnyk O.I.,Mikhieieva N.H., Mishchenko K.M., Morhun Z.K., Mruh V.M., Mykhailiuk I.O., Mysnyk O.F.,Narbutova T.Ye., Nikolenko L.H., Novoseltseva T.V., Nuzhna O.K., Obraztsova O.H., Omelchenko O.A.,Ostrivka O.I., Ovchynnikov S.O., Paltov Ye.V., Pandikidis N.I., Pavliy S.Y., Petriuk A.Ye.,Piddubniak Yu.H., Posokhova K.A., Pototska I.I., Prokopchuk Z.M., Pryshliak A.M., Rodynsky O.H.,Romanenko O.V., Rozghoniuk Yu.D., Rusalov V.L., Rykalo N.A., Sahan O.V., Serdiuchenko I.Ya.,Shanko V.M., Shay A.M., Shcherbak L.F., Shemonaieva K.F., Shershun H.H., Shliakhovenko O.O.,Shnaiderman O.Yu., Shvets V.I., Siedov V.I., Simachova A.V., Skorobohatova Z.M., Sliusarev A.A.,Sohuiko Yu.M., Sokolenko V.M., Sokurenko N.D., Starlychanova L.D., Stebliuk M.V., Stepanchuk A.P.,Stetsenko S.O., Stetsenko S.V., Stetsuk Ye.V., Suprunov K.V., Sverbylova T.L., Syrova H.O.,Sysoienko O.P., Teliuk P.M., Terekhovska O.I., Tertyshny S.I., Tkachenko V.P., Tsiun M.P.,Tverdokhlib I.V., Tvorko M.S., Usynsky R.S., Verkhova O.O., Voitsekhovsky V.H., Vorobets Z.D.,Yashchenko A.M., Yelisieieva O.P., Yoltukhivsky M.V., Yurakh O.M., Zakharchuk I.I., Zavhorodniy I.V.,Zazhaieva V.V., Zdykhovsky I.O., Zelenina N.M., Zholudeva V.I., Zhulinsky V.O., Zuikov S.O.

Item reviewers. Ananko S.YA., Basiy R.V., Bilash S.M., Chevelenkova A.V., Deyneka S.YE.,Dyeltsova O.I., Fomina L.V., Gaydash I.S., Golovatyuk O.L., Gorgol N.I., Kava T.V., Korolenko G.S.,Koldunov V.V., Kovalchuk L.YE., Linchevska L.P., Maliy K.D., Neporada K.S., Nikolenko O.G.,Ovchinnikov S.O., Pikaluk V.S., Prokof’yeva N.V., Pushkar M.S., Sikora V.Z., Sklyarov O.YA.,Skorobogatova Z.M., Tananakina T.P., Teleshova O.V., Tkachuk S.S., Trzhecinskiy S.D., Vinnikov YU.M.,Vorobets Z.D., Yoltuhivskiy M.V., Zelenina N.M., Zinkovska L.YA., Zhadinskiy M.V., Zhulinskiy V.O.

The book includes test items for use at licensing integrated examination “Krok 1. Stomatology” andfurther use in teaching.

The book has been developed for students of stomatological faculties and academic staff of highermedical educational establishments.

Approved by Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine as examination and teachingpublication based on expert conclusions (Orders of MPH of Ukraine of14.08.1998 №251, of 27.12.1999 №303, of 16.10.2002 №374, of 16.04.2003 №239,of 29.05.2003 №233, of 23.07.2007 №414).

© Copyright Testing Board.

General InstructionEvery one of these numbered questions or unfinished statements in

this chapter corresponds to answers or statements endings. Choose theanswer (finished statements) that fits best and fill in the circle with thecorresponding Latin letter on the answer sheet.

Krok 1 Stomatology 2017 1

1. Heterozygous parents with А (II)and В (III) blood groups according toAB0 system gave birth to a child. Whatis the probability of the child having 0 (I)blood group?

A. 25%B. 100%C. 75%D. 50%E. 0%

2. During dehelmintization a patientexpelled long fragments of a segmentedhelminth. In some segments their widthexceeds their length; there is a rosette-like uterus in the segment center. Namethe helminth:

A. Diphylobotrium latumB. Taenia soliumC. Taeniarhynchus saginatusD. EchinococcusE. Hymenolepis nana

3. Carious cavities of a 29-year-oldpatient contain parasitic protozoa. Itis established that they belong to theSarcodina class. Specify these protozoa:

A. Entamoeba gingivalisB. Entamoeba coliC. Entamoeba histoluticaD. Amoeba proteusE. Lamblia intestinalis

4. According to the law of constancyof chromosome numbers, most ani-mal species have definite and constantchromosome number. The mechani-sm that maintains this constancy duri-ng sexual reproduction of organisms iscalled:

A. MeiosisB. SchizogonyC. AmitosisD. RegenerationE. -

5. At a certain stage of humanontogenesis, physiological bond occursbetween circulatory systems of themother and the fetus. This function isbeing carried out by the following provi-sory organ:

A. PlacentaB. Yolk sacC. AmnionD. Serous tunicE. Allantois

6. It is necessary to perform urinarybladder catheterization of an adult man.Resistance to the catheter can occur inthe following structure or part of theurethra:

A. Membranous partB. Prostatic partC. Spongiose partD. External urethral orificeE. Internal urethral orifice

7. A woman has come to a dentist wi-th complaints of bruising and swellingaround her eye. Anamnesis is as follows:several days prior her 1st premolar toothhad been extracted, with infraorbitalanaesthesia administered; several dayslater hematoma appeared in the area offoramen intraorbitale. The branch of thefollowing artery was damaged:

A. Maxillary arteryB. Facial arteryC. Superficial temporal arteryD. Superior labial arteryE. Masseteric artery

8. A patient consulted a doctor aboutan increased pain sensitivity of the earskin and ear canal. Palpation behind thesternocleidomastoid muscle was painful.Such clinical presentations are typical ofthe irritation of the following nerve:

A. N. auricularis magnusB. N. occipitalis minorC. Nn. supraclavicularesD. N. vagusE. N. transversus colli

9. In a 12-year-old patient aninflammatory process in the internal earspread to the meninges, diffusely affecti-ng them. A doctor suspects the processto have spread through the connectionbetween the subarachnoid space of thebrain and perilymphatic space of theinternal ear. What anatomic structurebecame the pathway for the spreadinginflammation?


A. Аqueductus vestibuliB. Fossa subarcuataC. Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majorisD. Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minorisE. Fissura petrosquamosa

10. A woman with essential hypertensi-on has been hospitalized. The patientpresents with aneurysm of a. communi-cans posterior of the cerebrum arterialcircle. What vessels of arterial circle arenormally joined with this artery?

A. A. carotis interna et a. cerebri posteriorB. A. carotis interna et a. cerebri mediaC. A. carotis externa et a. cerebri anteriorD. A. cerebri anterior et a. cerebri mediaE. A. cerebri media et a. cerebri posterior

11. In the skin biopsy material in theepidermis there are cells with processesand cytoplasm that contains dark browngranules. Name these cells:

A. MelanocytesB. Intraepidermal macrophagesC. KeratinocytesD. Merkel’s cellsE. Lymphocytes

12. Gastroscopy of a patient revealedthe lack of mucus in the coating of themucous membrane. This can be causedby the dysfunction of the following cellsof gastric wall:

A. Cells of prismatic glandular epitheli-umB. Parietal cells of gastric glandsC. Main exocrinocytesD. Cervical cellsE. Endocrinocytes

13. Alcoholic intoxication is accompani-ed by disturbed motor coordination andequilibrium due to the damage causedto structural elements of the cerebellum.Functional disturbance of the followingcells occurs in the first place:

A. Pyriform cellsB. Basket cellsC. Granule cellsD. Stellate cellsE. Fusiform cells

14. Histologic specimen demonstrates anoral cavity organ with mucosa coveredwith keratinized stratified squamous epi-thelium. Specify this organ or its part:

A. GumB. Inferior surface of tongueC. Labial mucosaD. UvulaE. Soft palate

15. During gastrulation an embryoproceeds from histiotrophic tohematotrophic nutrition. What provi-sory organ makes it possible at first?

A. ChorionB. TrophoblastC. Yolk sacD. AmnionE. Allantois

16. One of the coats of a hollow organhas anastomotic fibers with nuclei.The fibers consist of cells that formintercalated disks at the places ofcontact. What tissue forms this coat?

A. Cross-striated cardiac muscleB. Cross-striated skeletal muscleC. Unstriped muscleD. Loose fibrous connective tissueE. Dense irregular connective tissue

17. A 30-year-old woman has decreasedenzyme content in the pancreatic juice.This condition can be caused by insuffici-ent secretion of the following hormone:

A. Cholecystokinin-pancreozyminB. SomatostatinC. SecretinD. Gastric inhibitory polypeptideE. Vasoactive intestinal peptide

18. Electric current has affected skeletalmuscle fiber resulting in depolarisati-on of the membrane. Depolarisationdevelops due to the following ionspenetrating the membrane:

A. Na+

B. HCO3−

C. Ca2+

D. Cl−

E. K+

19. Psychological evaluation determinedthat a person is able to quickly adaptto changing situation, has good memory,is emotionally stable, possesses of highworking ability. This person is the mostlikely to be:


A. SanguineB. CholericC. MelancholicD. PhlegmaticE. Phlegmatic with melancholic traits

20. An oculist has detected increased ti-me of darkness adaptation of a patient’seye. What vitamin deficiency can causesuch symptom?

A. АB. ЕC. СD. КE. D

21. A patient suffers from diabetes melli-tus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7,2mmol/l. What blood plasma proteinwould allow to assess the patient’sglycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeksprior to examination)?

A. Glycated hemoglobinB. AlbuminC. FibrinogenD. C-reactive proteinE. Ceruloplasmin

22. A patient is in the state ofhypoglycemic coma. What hormone cancause this condition if overdosed?

A. InsulinB. ProgesteroneC. CortisolD. SomatotropinE. Corticotropin

23. A 24-year-old patient has been admi-nistered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy.Medicinal effect in this case occurs notdue to glutamate itself, but due to theproduct of its decarboxylation:

A. γ-aminobutyric acidB. Histamine 4-monooxygenaseC. SerotoninD. DopamineE. Taurine

24. Mucin aggregates retain water, whi-ch results in their viscosity and protecti-ve action. It is possible because mucinstructure contains:

A. GlycosaminoglycansB. HomopolysaccharidesC. DisaccharidesD. OligosaccharidesE. Glucose

25. Along with normal hemoglobin typesthere can be pathological ones in thebody of an adult. Specify one of them:

A. HbSB. HbFC. HbA1D. HbA2E. HbO2

26. Chronic overdosage of glucocorti-coids leads to the developmentof hyperglycemia. What process ofcarbohydrate metabolism is responsiblefor this effect?

A. GluconeogenesisB. GlycogenolysisC. Aerobic glycolisisD. Pentose-phosphate cycleE. Glycogenesis

27. After anaesthetic application duringtooth extraction the patient developedmarked soft tissue edema of the upperand lower jaw, skin rash on the face,reddening, and itching. What pathologi-cal process results in such reaction to theanaesthetic?

A. AllergyB. Toxic action of a drugC. InflammationD. Circulatory deficiencyE. Disturbed lymph drainage

28. Due to morbid affection of thesupraoptic and paraventricular nucleiof the hypothalamus a 40-year-old pati-ent has developed polyuria (10-12 litersper day) and polydipsia. The followinghormone is deficient, thus leading to thisdisturbance:

A. VasopressinB. OxytocinC. CorticotropinD. SomatotropinE. Thyrotropin

29. A patient with glossitis presentswith disappearance of lingual papi-llae, reddening and burning pain inthe tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes -2, 2 · 1012/l, hemoglobin - 103 g/l, color


index - 1,4. What type of anemia is it?

A. B12 folate-deficientB. Iron deficiencyC. α-thalassemiaD. β-thalassemiaE. Iron refractory

30. A patient with chronic renal failurepresents with reduced inulin clearance of60 ml/min. The following renal functionis disturbed:

A. Glomerular filtrationB. Tubular secretionC. Reabsorption in the proximal tubularsegment of the nephronD. Reabsorption in the distal tubularsegment of the nephronE. Reabsorption in the tubules of collecti-ng duct

31. Histological investigation of anextracted tooth revealed presence ofnecrotic detritus with fatty acid crystalsand numerous microbe colonies in thepulp chamber. What diagnosis is themost likely?

A. Pulp gangreneB. Chronic pulpitisC. Complicated chronic pulpitisD. Serous pulpitisE. Purulent pulpitis

32. Autopsy of a man with tuberculosishas revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity inthe superior lobe of the right lung.The cavity was interconnected with abronchus, its wall was dense and consi-sted of three layers: the internal layerwas pyogenic, the middle layer was madeof tuberculous granulation tissue and theexternal one was made of connective ti-ssue. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Fibrous cavernous tuberculosisB. Fibrous focal tuberculosisC. TuberculomaD. Acute focal tuberculosisE. Acute cavernous tuberculosis

33. Histological investigation of renal bi-opsy material taken from a patient wi-th tuberculosis has revealed chaoticallylocated chromatin granules in the focusof caseous necrosis. These changes arethe result of:

A. KaryorrhexisB. KaryolysisC. KaryopyknosisD. Mitotic activity of nucleiE. Apoptosis

34. During inspection of dental toolsfor sterility in one case gram-positivecocci were detected. They were situatedin clusters and yielded positive plasmacoagulation reaction; the cocci werefermenting mannitol in anaerobic condi-tions and exhibiting lecithinase activity.What microorganism was detected?

A. Staph. aureusB. St. epidermidisC. St. saprophiticusD. Str. pyogenesE. Corinebacterium xerosis

35. Analysis of sputum taken from a pati-ent with suspected pneumonia revealedslightly elongated gram-positive di-plococci with tapered opposite ends.What microorganisms were revealed inthe sputum?

A. Streptococcus pneumoniaeB. Staphylococcus aureusC. Klebsiella pneumoniaeD. Neisseria meningitidisE. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

36. Microscopic examination of pussample taken from mandibular fistulacanal and stained by Gram’s methodhas revealed druses with gram-positivecoloring in the center and cone-shapedstructures with gram-negative coloring.Such morphology is characteristic of theagent of:

A. ActinomycosisB. CandidiasisC. Anaerobic infectionD. Staphylococcal osteomyelitisE. Fusobacteriosis

37. A puncture sample has been takenfrom the inguinal lymph nodes of a pati-ent provisionally diagnosed with plague.The sample was inoculated into hardnutrient medium. What shape will thecolonies have, if the diagnosis is confi-rmed?


A. ”Lace handkerchief”B. ”Mercury drops”C. ”Dewdrops”D. ”Shagreen leather”E. ”Lion’s mane”

38. To perform conduction anesthesia apatient had been administered a drugused in dental surgery. The patientdeveloped the symptoms of poisoni-ng: central nervous system excitationfollowed by paralysis and acute cardi-ovascular insufficiency (collapse). Addi-tionally there were allergic reactions(itching, swelling, erythema). Name thisdrug:

A. LidocaineB. Suxamethonium chlorideC. Thiopental sodiumD. Tubocurarin chlorideE. Pipecuronium bromide

39. Enzymes and other active substancesregulating connective tissue density andpermeability are being produced inconnective tissue cells. What enzymedrug is used to make the connecti-ve tissue growths looser and morepermeable?

A. LydaseB. AmylaseC. LipaseD. CocarboxylaseE. Cholinesterase

40. A schizophrenic patient hasbeen prescribed aminazine. Whatpharmacodynamic action of this drugjustifies its prescription in this case?

A. AntipsychoticB. AntiemeticC. HypothermicD. Muscle relaxantE. Hypotensive

41. A patient with maxillofacial jointarthritis has come to a dentist. The denti-st prescribed an ointment with an anti-inflammatory agent that is a pyrazolonederivative. Name this agent:

A. Butadion (Phenylbutazone)B. Mefenamic acidC. IbuprofenD. IndometacinE. Diclofenac sodium

42. A 55-year-old man with acute heart

failure has been administered a quick-relief cardiac glycoside. Which of thefollowing drugs has been given to thepatient?

A. StrophanthinB. AdonisidumC. DigitoxinD. CelanidE. Milrinone

43. A patient suffering from ciliaryarrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchi-al asthma should be prescribed an anti-arrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmicdrug is CONTRAINDICATED in thiscase?

A. Anaprilin (Propranolol)B. AjmalineC. VerapamilD. NifedipineE. Novocainamide (Procainamide)

44. A 35-year-old woman is diagnosedwith faucial diphtheria. The patient di-ed with signs of acute heart failure. Onautopsy: heart cavities are enlarged inthe diameter, heart muscle is dull, flaccid,striped on section, with yellowish areasunder the endocardium. What type ofdegeneration was detected in cardiachystiocytes?

A. FattyB. CarbohydrateC. BallooningD. Hyaline dropletE. Hydropic

45. A 67-year-old patient has ordered afull functional denture. It was necessaryto extract his left upper canine. Afterinfraorbital anaesthesia the patientpresented with progressing hematoma inthe frontal part of his face. The patientwas found to have an injury of the arterythat is the branch of:

A. A. maxillarisB. A. facialisC. A. temporalis superficialisD. A. ophthalmicaE. A. labialis superior

46. A woman, who had undergonemastectomy due to breast cancer, wasprescribed a course of radiation therapy.What vitamin preparation has markedantiradiation effect due to its antioxidantactivity?


A. Tocopherol acetateB. ErgocalciferolC. RiboflavinD. CyanocobalaminE. Folic acid

47. Often the cause of secondaryimmunodeficiency is an infectiousaffection of an organism, when agentsreproduce directly in the cells of immunesystem and destroy them. Specify the di-seases, during which the described aboveoccurs:

A. Infectious mononucleosis, AIDSB. Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosisC. Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis type AD. Dysentery, choleraE. Q fever, typhus

48. Premature babies often developrespiratory distress syndrome. Thispathology is caused by the deficiencyof a certain component of the blood–airbarrier. Name this component:

A. SurfactantB. Capillary endotheliumC. Endothelial basement membraneD. Alveolar basement membraneE. Alveolocytes

49. A forensic laboratory receivedclothes of a citizen, who a day beforewas reported missing. The clothes werefound in a shed, there are red stai-ns identified as blood by an expert.What reaction should be performed todetermine whether these red stains aredried human blood?

A. Circular precipitationB. Complement bindingC. FlocculationD. Enzyme immunoassayE. Agglutination

50. A patient has a history of chronicheart failure. Which of the followinghemodynamic parameters is a majorsymptom of cardiac decompensationdevelopment?

A. Decreased stroke volumeB. Tachycardia developmentC. Tonogenic dilatationD. Increased peripheral vascular resi-stanceE. Increased central venous pressure

51. A 45-year-old patient with essentialhypertension, who has been taking anantihypertensive drug for 4 days, notesthat his blood pressure is normalized;however the patient complains of sleepi-ness and sluggishness. What drug is thepatient taking?

A. Clophelin (Clonidine)B. PrazosinC. CaptoprilD. EnalaprilE. Apressin (Hydralazine)

52. Due to trauma the patient’sparathyroid glands have been removed,which resulted in inertness, thirst, sharpincrease of neuromuscular excitability.Metabolism of the following substance isdisturbed:

A. CalciumB. ManganeseC. ChlorineD. MolybdenumE. Zinc

53. A doctor has established signifi-cant growth retardation, disproportionalbody build, and mental deficiency of achild. What is the most likely cause ofthis pathology?

A. HypothyroidismB. Insufficient nutritionC. HyperthyroidismD. Genetic defectsE. Hypopituitarism

54. To terminate hypertensive crisis thepatient was administered solution ofmagnesium sulfate. What route of drugadministration should be chosen?

A. IntravenousB. DuodenalC. RectalD. OralE. Intra-arterial

55. A specimen presents an endocri-ne system organ covered with capsulemade of connective tissue. Septa branchoff from the capsule inwards and divi-de the organ into lobules. Each lobuleconsists of two cell types: neurosecretorypinealocytes (polygonal cells withprocesses) located in the center and gli-acytes (astrocytes) located at the peri-phery. What organ is represented in thisspecimen?


A. EpiphysisB. Pituitary glandC. HypothalamusD. Thyroid glandE. Adrenal medulla

56. After introdiction of adrenaline thepatient’s blood glucose level increased.It is caused by intensified:

A. Glycogenolysis in the liverB. Glycolysis in the liverC. Glycolysis in the skeletal musclesD. Glycogen synthesisE. Glycogenolysis in the muscles

57. A 20-year-old young man, whostarted to train systematically in athleti-cs, has the following resting-state bloodvalues: erythrocytes - 5, 5 · 1012/l, reti-culocytes - 12%, hemoglobin - 160 g/l,color index - 1,03. Such blood valuesindicate erythropoiesis stimulation dueto the following occurring in the processof his training:

A. HypoxemiaB. HypercapniaC. Physical activityD. HyperventilationE. Hyperglycemia

58. In the armpits of a patient thereare small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrallyflattened, wingless, blood-suckinginsects. Their larvae have been developi-ng in the armpits as well. What disease iscaused by these insects?

A. PhthiriasisB. Sleeping sicknessC. Chagas’ diseaseD. PlagueE. Relapsing fever

59. To treat peptic ulcer disease of thestomach a patient has been prescribedfamotidine. Specify the mechanism ofaction of this drug:

A. H2 histamine receptors blockB. Effect on ion channels of cellmembranesC. Antienzyme actionD. Physicochemical interactionE. Effect on cell membrane transportsystem

60. A student, who unexpectedly methis girlfriend, developed an increase in

systemic arterial pressure. This pressurechange was caused by the intensifiedrealization of the following reflexes:

A. Conditioned sympatheticB. Conditioned parasympatheticC. Conditioned sympathetic andparasympatheticD. Unconditioned parasympatheticE. Unconditioned sympathetic

61. A connective tissue specimen stainedwith hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenouscell groups surrounded with basophi-lic intercellular substance. No fibrousstructures are detected. What type ofconnective tissue is it?

A. Hyaline cartilage tissueB. Elastic cartilage tissueC. Dense fibrous tissueD. Loose fibrous tissueE. Splenial bone tissue

62. A 46-year-old patient consulted anoculist about drooping of the uppereyelid. On examination he was di-agnosed with a brain tumor. Thepathological process must have affectedthe nuclei of the following pair of cranialnerves:

A. IIIB. IIC. IVD. VIE. VII

63. A 36-year-old patient consulted anophthalmologist about eye ache. Theexamination revealed erosion of thecornea, that is the lack of superficial andspinous layers of the epithelium. Whatcells will provide regeneration of thedamaged epithelium?

A. Cells of stratum basaleB. Cells of stratum corneumC. Cells of stratum granulosumD. Cells of stratum lucidumE. Cells of stratum superficiale

64. A patient undergoing treatment withnitrofurans has imbibed a small amountof alcohol, which resulted in severe poi-soning. The poisoning developed due to:


A. Accumulation of acetic aldehydeB. Allergic reactionC. Neural disorderD. Cardiovascular collapseE. Disturbed renal function

65. During development of a frostbitethe exposed skin becomes pale and itstemperature drops. What mechanism isthe basis of these developments?

A. Reflex vasoconstrictionB. Dermal and subcutaneous vasodi-latationC. Visceral vasoconstrictionD. Decreased heart rateE. Closure of arteriovenous anastomoses

66. A patient during fasting developedketoacidosis as a result of increased fattyacids decomposition. This decompositi-on can be inhibited with:

A. InsulinB. GlucagonC. AdrenalineD. ThyroxinE. Cortisol

67. Examination of a patient revealedglycosuria and hyperglycemia. Hecomplains of dry mouth, itchy skin,frequent urination, thirst. He has beendiagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Whatis the cause of polyuria in this patient?

A. Increased urine osmotic pressureB. Decreased plasma oncotic pressureC. Increased filtration pressureD. Decreased cardiac outputE. Increased plasma oncotic pressure

68. Due to overdosage of a vasodilator a58-year-old patient has developed acutevascular insufficiency. What drug wouldbe advisable for termination of thispathological condition?

A. Mesaton (Phenylephrine)B. Euphyllin (Aminophylline)C. DopamineD. CordiaminE. Aethimizolum (Methylamide)

69. To treat chronic heart failure apatient takes digoxin. What diureticcan increase digoxin toxicity due toincreased excretion of K+ ions?

A. HydrochlorothiazideB. SpironolactoneC. PananginD. SiliborE. Lisinopril

70. A patient, who had been eatingonly polished rice, developed polyneuri-tis caused by thiamine deficiency. Whatcompound can be indicative of this kindof avitaminosis when excreted with uri-ne?

A. Pyruvic acidB. MalateC. Methylmalonic acidD. Uric acidE. Phenylpyruvate

71. A doctor examined a patient, studi-ed the patient’s blood analyses andconcluded that the peripheral organsof immunogenesis are damaged. Whatorgans are the most likely to be affected?

A. TonsilsB. ThymusC. KidneysD. Red bone marrowE. Yellow bone marrow

72. In what organ biotransformation(metabolic transformation) of mostmedicinal agents occurs upon theirintroduction into an organism?

A. LiverB. KidneysC. IntestineD. SkinE. Lungs

73. A patient with diabetes mellitus hasbeen delivered to a hospital unconsci-ous. BP is low, Kussmaul’s respirationis observed, the smell of acetone canbe detected from the patient’s mouth.What mechanism is leading in the comadevelopment in this case?

A. Accumulation of ketone bodies inbloodB. Accumulation of potassium ionsC. Accumulation of sodium ionsD. Accumulation of chlorine ionsE. Accumulation of urea

74. A patient has been diagnosed with bi-cuspid valve insufficiency. Where is thisvalve located?


A. Between the left atrium and leftventricleB. Between the right atrium and rightventricleC. Between the left and right atriaD. Between the left and right ventriclesE. At the aortic orifice

75. In the epicenter of the registeredrabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man came to a clinic and clai-med to have been bitten by a stray dog.He was given a course of anti-rabiesvaccine. This preparation belongs to thefollowing type of vaccines:

A. AttenuatedB. InactivatedC. MolecularD. ToxoidsE. Synthetic

76. In Western Europe nearly half of allcongenital malformations occur in thechildren conceived in the period whenpesticides were used extensively in theregion. These congenital conditions arethe result of the following factor:

A. TeratogenicB. CarcinogenicC. MalignizationD. MutagenicE. Mechanical

77. Gastrulation is the period ofembryogenesis, when germinal layersare formed, resulting in three-layeredstructure of an embryo. What gastrulati-on mechanism is characteristic of ahuman embryo?

A. Delamination and immigrationB. InvaginationC. EpibolyD. Immigration and invaginationE. Delamination and epiboly

78. A 19-year-old young man has beenexamined in a nephrological hospi-tal. Increased potassium content wasdetected in secondary urine of the pati-ent. Such alterations are the most likelyto be caused by the increased secretionof the following hormone:

A. AldosteroneB. OxytocinC. AdrenalineD. GlucagonE. Testosterone

79. A 12-year-old boy has tetanicconvulsions. What gland can be functi-onally impaired in this case?

A. Glandulae parathyroidaeB. HypophisisC. Glandula thyroideaD. ThymusE. Glandula pinealis

80. A man came to a surgeon withcomplains of pain in his lower rightabdomen. On deep palpation the doctordetected a painful area in the right ingui-nal region. What part of the intestineis the most likely to be affected withpathological process?

A. CecumB. Transverse colonC. Descending colonD. Sigmoid colonE. Rectum

81. During investigation of skin epitheli-um it was determed, that it consists ofseveral cellular layers. Epithelial cells ofthe external layer have no nuclei. Whattype of epithelium is it?

A. Keratinized stratified squamous epi-theliumB. Non-keratinized stratified squamousepitheliumC. Transitional epitheliumD. Multirow ciliary epitheliumE. Multirow columnar epithelium

82. A histological specimen shows termi-nal secretory parts of glands made ofconic cells with basophilic cytoplasm anda roundish nucleus in the centre. Specifythe type of terminal secretory parts bythe type of secretion:

A. SerousB. SebaceousC. CombinedD. MucousE. Seromucous

83. Electron diffraction pattern of aspermatozoon clearly presents a sheath-like structure localized in the spermi-ocalyptrotheca and participating in di-ssolution of ovular membranes. Namethis structure:


A. AcrosomeB. CentrioleC. MicrotubulesD. AxonemeE. Segmented columns

84. A patient complains of toothache.On examination he has been di-agnosed with pulpitis. Which factorplayed the main pathogenic role in thedevelopment of pain syndrome in thiscase?

A. Increased intratissular pressure in thedental pulpB. VasospasmC. Inadequate stimulation of the mandi-bular nerve branchD. Activation of one of the complementsystem componentsE. Interleukin action

85. The patient’s saliva has been testedfor antibacterial activity. What salivacomponent has antibacterial properties?

A. LysozymeB. AmylaseC. CeruloplasminD. ParotinE. Cholesterol

86. A patient with a bleeding knifewound in the area of carotid triangle hasbeen delivered to a hospital. Blood flowi-ng from the wound is dark. What vesselis injured?

A. Internal jugular veinB. External jugular veinC. Internal carotid arteryD. Facial arteryE. Facial vein

87. A patient with symptoms ofacute heart failure, namely pallor,acrocyanosis, and rapid shallow breathi-ng, has been delivered to an emergencydepartment. Which of these drugs is indi-cated in this case?

A. CorglyconB. DigitoxinC. CordiamineD. NitroglycerineE. Adrenalin hydrochloride

88. A victim of an earthquake has beenremaining under debris for 7 days wi-thout food or water. What type ofstarvation is it?

A. CompleteB. Complete with continued hydrationC. QuantitativeD. QualitativeE. Incomplete

89. Micromanipulator was used toextract one of the two centriolesof centrosome (cell center) fromhepatocyte (liver cell). What process willSTOP OCCURRING in this cell?

A. DivisionB. Energy exchangeC. Glycogen synthesisD. Protein biosynthesisE. Lipid synthesis

90. During an experiment aimed as studyof respiration regulation processes theperipheral chemoreceptors of test ani-mals were stimulated, which resultedin changed respiratory rate and depth.Where are these receptors localized?

A. Aortic arch, carotid sinusB. Capillary bed, aortic arch, carotidsinusC. Capillary bed, aortic archD. Capillary bed, carotid sinusE. Atria, carotid sinus

91. After an abortion a 25-year-oldwoman developed oliguria, anuria, andincreasing azotemia. The patient di-ed of acute renal failure. Autopsyrevealed degeneration and necrosis ofthe convoluted renal tubules epithelium.What disease was the cause of death inthis case?

A. Acute necrotizing nephrosisB. Acute pyelonephritisC. Chronic glomerulonephritisD. Renal amyloidosisE. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephri-tis

92. A child with a foreign body inthe lungs has been hospitalized. Whatbronchus is the most likely to containthis foreign body, if its diameter approxi-mates to 1,5 cm?

A. Right primary bronchusB. Lobar bronchusC. Left primary bronchusD. Left segmental bronchusE. Right segmental bronchus


93. During examination of the oralcavity at the vestibular surface of thelower right incisor there was detecteda rounded growth on the thin pedicle.Histologically: in the connective tissuethere are numerous thin-walled sinusoi-ds, hemorrhage areas, hemosiderin foci,and giant cells resembling osteoclasts.Make the diagnosis:

A. Giant cell epulisB. Granular cell ameloblastomaC. Angiomatous epulisD. Gingival fibromatosisE. Cavernous hemangioma

94. A 35-year-old man has come to adentist with complaints of decreaseddensity of the dental tissue and increasedbrittleness of his teeth during consumpti-on of hard food. Laboratory analysismeasured Ca/P correlation in theenamel sample. What value of Ca/Pindicates increased demineralization?

A. 0,9B. 1,67C. 1,85D. 2,5E. 1,5

95. During examination a dentist noti-ced bowl-shaped defects on the frontalsurface of the patient’s canines in thecervical area. Microscopically the pulpis covered with compacted dentin, sli-ghtly atrophied and sclerosed. Whatpathological process occurs in the pati-ent?

A. Cuneiform defectsB. Superficial cariesC. Median cariesD. Stage of chalky white spotsE. Deep caries

96. A patient complains of frequentbowel movements and stool with bloodadmixtures (”raspberry jelly” stool). Mi-croscopic examination revealed largemononuclear cells with absorbed redblood cells. What protozoon is thismorphological structure typical of?

A. Entamoeba histolyticaB. Giardia lambliaC. Campylobacter jejuniD. Toxoplasma gondiiE. Balantidium coli

97. During teeth examination on the

lateral surface of the first upper molarthere was detected a cone-shaped cari-ous cavity with base oriented towardsthe tooth surface and apex - towards thetooth center. Softened dentin is visible atthe floor of the carious cavity. Make thediagnosis:

A. Dentin cariesB. Enamel cariesC. Cement cariesD. Tooth erosionE. -

98. After restoration of maxllary inci-sors with artificial crowns a 44-year-oldwoman was found to have a brownishgrowth in the form of a node 15 mm in di-ameter. Histological study revealed thatunder the stratified squamous epitheli-um of the gingiva there was a connecti-ve tissue mass with numerous sinusoi-dal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclearcells forming osteoid substance, andpolynuclear giant cells that destroyed thealveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What isthe most likely diagnosis?

A. Giant cell epulisB. Fibromatous epulisC. Angiomatous epulisD. Gingival fibromatosisE. Eosinophilic granuloma

99. A woman is diagnosed with fatty ti-ssue inflammation located between theleaves of broad ligament of the uterus.Name this anatomical structure:

A. ParametriumB. PerimetriumC. MyometriumD. EndometriumE. Mesometrium

100. Normal metabolic rate and energyexpenditure should be taken intoaccount when actual basal metabolicrate of a patient is being determied bymeans of indirect calorimetry. Normalmetabolic rate can be determined mostaccurately based on the patient’s:

A. Sex, age, height and weightB. Body surface area and weightC. Respiratory coefficient and bodysurface areaD. Height and respiratory coefficientE. Respiratory coefficient and caloriccoefficient of oxygen


101. On microscopic examination ofleftovers of the canned meat eaten bya patient with severe food toxicoinfecti-on the following was detected: gram-positive bacilli with subterminal staini-ng defect and configuration alterationof bacilli generally resembling a tennisracket. What agent was detected?

A. C. botulinumB. S. aureusC. E. coliD. S. enteritidisE. P. vulgaris

102. The patient’s examination ina hospital specialised in diseases ofnervous system has revealed absence oflight-induced miosis. It is caused by thedamage of the following brain structures:

A. Vegetative nuclei of the 3rd pair ofcranial nervesB. Red nuclei of mesencephalonC. Reticular nuclei of mesencephalonD. Hypothalamus nucleiE. Reticular nuclei of medulla oblongata

103. A newborn boy has been diagnosedwith hydrocephalus. Doctors considerit to be caused by teratogenic factors.What germ layers are affected by theteratogen?

A. EctodermB. All embryo germ layersC. Endoderm and mesodermD. EndodermE. Mesoderm

104. A patient on the 2nd day aftercardiac infarction presents with acutedecrease of systolic blood pressuredown to 60 mm Hg with tachycardia140/min., dyspnea, loss of consciousness.What mechanism is essential in thepathogenesis of shock developed in thiscase?

A. Decreased cardiac outputB. Increased myocardial excitabilitycaused by products of necrotic disi-ntegrationC. Decreased circulating blood volumeD. Development of paroxysmaltachycardiaE. Development of anaphylactic reactionto myocardial proteins

105. For biochemical diagnostics ofcardiac infarction it is necessary to

determine activity of a number ofenzymes and their izoenzymes in theblood. What enzyme assay is consideredto be optimal for confirming or rulingout cardiac infarction at the early stage,after the patient develops thoracic pain?

A. Creatine kinase MB isoenzymeB. Creatine kinase MM isoenzymeC. LDH1 isoenzymeD. LDH5 isoenzymeE. Cytoplasmic isoenzyme of aspartateaminotransferase

106. A 56-year-old man presents wi-th parathyroid tumor. The followi-ng is observed: muscle weakness,osteoporosis, bone deformation,nephroliths consisting of oxalates andphosphates. The patient’s condition iscaused by:

A. Increased secretion of parathyroidhormoneB. Decreased secretion of parathyroidhormoneC. Increased secretion of calcitoninD. Decreased secretion of calcitriolE. Increased secretion of thyroxin

107. There is increased activity of AST,LDH1, LDH2, and CPK in the patient’sblood. Pathological process most likelyoccurs in the:

A. HeartB. Skeletal musclesC. KidneysD. LiverE. Adrenal glands

108. A patient suffering from acutevascular purpura is prescribed a first-generation antihistamine with localanaesthetic, antispasmodic, and sedati-ve action. Specify this drug:

A. Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine)B. Diazolin (Mebhydrolin)C. DithylinD. DroperidolE. Dibazol (Bendazol)

109. A patient with autoimmune thyroi-ditis has been prescribed a peptidehormonal agent. Specify this agent:


A. L-thyroxinB. TrimethoprimC. TriamcinoloneD. TriquilarE. Tamoxifen

110. A 42-year-old woman, who hasbeen keeping to a vegetarian diet for along period of time, consulted a doctor.Examination revealed negative nitrogenbalance in the patient. What factor is themost likely cause of such a condition?

A. Insufficient amount of proteins in thedietB. Insufficient amount of dietary fiberC. Excessive amount of fats in the dietD. Insufficient amount of fats in the dietE. Decreased rate of metabolic processses

111. Cytogenetic analysis allowed todetermine the patient’s karyotype - 47,XY, +21/46, XY. Name this condition:

A. MosaicismB. DeletionC. TranslocationD. GenocopyE. Phenocopy

112. A patient, who after a traumasuffers from impeded active flexion ofelbow, consulted a traumatologist. Whatmuscle is the most likely to be damaged?

A. M. biceps brachiiB. M. pectoralis majorC. M. deltoideusD. M. coracobrachialisE. M. latissimus dorsi

113. In the patient’s feces there wereeggs of Fasciola hepatica. The doctor,however, refrained from making di-agnosis and insisted on a repeat ofanalysis, with beef liver excluded fromthe patient’s diet. What led the doctor tomake such decision?

A. Possible phenomenon of transienteggsB. Absent symptoms of invasionC. Uncertainty regarding the analysisprecisionD. Insufficient qualification of alaboratory assistantE. Lack of trust towards the investigationmethod

114. A patient presents with dysfunctionof the cerebral cortex accompanied by

epileptic seizures. He has been admini-stered a biogenic amine synthetized fromglutamate and responsible for centralinhibition. What substance is it?

A. γ-aminobutyric acidB. SerotoninC. DopamineD. AcetylcholineE. Histamine

115. Red bone marrow has beendamaged under radioactive emission of5 Gy. What determines the red bonemarrow sensitivity towards ionizing radi-ation?

A. Intensive cell divisionB. High content of free radicals in thecellsC. High content of peroxides in the cellsD. Radiosensitizers in the cellsE. Destructive effect of radiotoxins onDNA synthesis

116. A 40-year-old patient suffers fromintolerance of dairy products. Thiscondition has likely developed due toinsufficiency of the following digestiveenzyme:

A. LactaseB. LipaseC. MaltaseD. InvertaseE. Amylase

117. A patient has been diagnosed wi-th severe B12-deficient anemia withhemopoiesis disturbance. Anamnesisstates total gastrectomy. What cells allowto confirm this diagnosis, if they areabsent in the peripheral blood?

A. MegalocytesB. MicrocytesC. OvalocytesD. NormocytesE. Anulocytes

118. To prevent wound infection associ-ated with surgical procedures a patientwas given a synthetic antiprotozoan drugdemonstrating high activity against Heli-cobacter pylori. Specify this drug:

A. MetronidazoleB. Doxycycline hydrochlorideC. ChingaminD. AcyclovirE. Isoniazid


119. A specimen of intestinedemonstrates complex branchingtubuloalveolar glands with their endsembedded in the submucous layer. Whatorgan is it?

A. DuodenumB. JejunumC. IleumD. ColonE. Cecum

120. After examining a patient a doctorrecommended him to exclude richmeat and vegetable broths, spices, andsmoked products from the diet, since thepatient was found to have:

A. Increased secretion of hydrochloricacid by the stomach glandsB. Reduced secretion of hydrochloricacid by the stomach glandsC. Reduced motility of the gastrointesti-nal tractD. Reduced salivationE. Biliary dyskinesia

121. Roentgenologically confirmedobstruction of common bile ductresulted in preventing bile from inflowi-ng to the duodenum. What process islikely to be disturbed?

A. Fat emulgationB. Protein absorptionC. Carbohydrate hydrolysisD. Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomachE. Salivation inhibition

122. Typical signs of food poisoningcaused by C. botulinum include diplopia,swallowing and respiration disorders.These signs develop due to:

A. Exotoxin actionB. Enterotoxin actionC. Enterotoxic shock developmentD. Adenylate cyclase activationE. Adhesion of the agent to enterocytereceptors

123. A patient in a grave condition hasbeen delivered to an admission ward.Examination revealed pupil mydriasis,no reaction to the light, considerablereddening and dryness of skin andmucous membranes. What drug couldhave caused the intoxication symptoms?

A. Atropine sulphateB. ProserinC. Adrenalin hydrochlorideD. Pilocarpine hydrochlorideE. Dithylinum

124. A patient consulted a therapeuti-st with complaints of pain in the chest,cough, fever. X-ray revealed eosinophi-lic infiltrates in the lungs, further investi-gation of which allowed to detectpresence of larvae. What helminthiasisis it characteristic of?

A. AscariasisB. EchinococcosisC. FascioliasisD. CysticercosisE. Trichiniasis

125. As a result of an injury a childdeveloped an abscess of adipose tissue ofthe cheek. With time the process spreadto the lateral surface of the pharynx. Pushad spread along the following fascia:

A. Bucco-pharyngealB. TemporalC. MasticatoryD. ParotidE. -

126. Brain investigation by means ofnuclear magnetic resonance revealed thepatient to have a hematoma in the genuof the internal capsule. What pathway isdamaged in this case?

A. Tr. cortico-nuclearisB. Tr. cortico-spinalisC. Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinusD. Тr. cortico-thalamicusE. Tr. thalamo-corticalis

127. Cytochemical investigation revealedhigh content of hydrolytic enzymesin the cytoplasm. This phenomenonindicates the activity of the followingorganelles:

A. LysosomesB. Endoplasmic reticulumC. MitochondriaD. PolysomesE. Cell center

128. A victim of a traffic accident haslost thoracic respiration but retaines di-aphragmal. The spinal cord is most likelyto be damaged at:


A. VI-VII cervical segmentsB. I-II cervical segmentsC. XI-XII cervical segmentsD. I-II lumbar segmentsE. I-II sacral segments

129. Preventative examination of a 55-year-old patient revealed type II di-abetes mellitus. An endocrinologistdetected an increase in body weightand liver enlargement. The man is anon-smoker and does not abuse alcoholbut likes to have a ”hearty meal”. Hi-stological examination by means of di-agnostic liver puncture revealed that thehepatocytes were enlarged mostly on thelobule periphery, their cytoplasm hadtransparent vacuoles that reacted positi-vely with sudan III. What liver pathologywas revealed?

A. Fatty hepatosisB. Acute viral hepatitisC. Chronic viral hepatitisD. Alcohol hepatitisE. Portal liver cirrhosis

130. On microscopic examination of asurgical biopsy material (part of the lipwith an ulcer) near the ulcer marginsand under the ulcer floor in the connecti-ve tissue of mucosa there are epithelialcomplexes composed of atypical stratifi-ed epithelium with pathological mitoticfigures. Within these complexes there areaccumulations of bright pink concentricformations. What pathology is it?

A. Squamous cell keratinous carcinomaB. Squamous cell nonkeratinous carci-nomaC. PapillomaD. Transitional cell carcinomaE. Basal cell carcinoma

131. During examination of a patientwith a periodontal disease it would beadvisable to investigate functional stateof blood vessels of the dentomaxillaryarea. What method can be applied in thiscase?

A. RheographyB. GnathodynamometryC. SphygmographyD. ChronaximetryE. Electroodontodiagnostics

132. A patient with displaced fracture ofthe right coronoid process of mandiblehas been delivered to a first-aid center.

What muscle had displaced the coronoidprocess?

A. Right temporal muscleB. Right masticatory muscleC. Right lateral pterygoid muscleD. Right medial pterygoid muscleE. Left masticatory muscle

133. A patient with bronchial asthmahas developed a bronchial spasm duri-ng the visit to a dentist. Name the drugnecessary to arrest the spasm:

A. SalbutamolB. NaphthizinC. Mesaton (Phenylephrine)D. Anaprilin (Propranolol)E. Bisoprolol

134. Microscopy of an oval cell, 150micron in size, revealed the following:cytoplasm has yolk inclusions but nocentrioles. Name this cell:

A. OocyteB. LeucocyteC. MyocyteD. FibroblastE. Macrophage

135. A worker of a cattle farm consulteda surgeon about fever up to 40oC,headache, weakness. Objective exami-nation of his back revealed hyperemiaand a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm indiameter with black bottom in its center,which was surrounded with pustules.What disease are these presentationstypical of?

A. AnthraxB. PlagueC. TularemiaD. FuruncleE. Abscess

136. The autopsy of a 37-year-old manhas revealed the following: in the aortaon the smooth glossy ivory-colored inti-ma there are yellowish-gray spots blendi-ng with each other, which form stripesthat do not protrude from the intimasurface. Microscopy reveals swelling anddestruction of elastic membranes, di-ffuse impregnation of aortic wall withorange granules (if stained with SudanIII), orange coloring of macrophagecytoplasm and nonstriated muscleelements. Specify this process:


A. Lipoidosis of the aortaB. Liposclerosis of the aortaC. Atheromatosis of the aortaD. Atherocalcinosis of the aortaE. Imbibition of the aorta with cadmiumsalts

137. A patient with acute bronchitis hasbeen prescribed sulfanilamide drugs fortreatment. In an hour after administrati-on the patient developed itching andvesicles filled with light transparent li-quid on the face, palms and soles. Namethe mechanism of immune response:

A. Reaginic reactionB. Antibody-mediated cytolysisC. Cell cytotoxicityD. Immune complex-mediatedhypersensitivityE. -

138. A 47-year-old man consulted adentist about difficult mouth opening(trismus). The patient has a history ofa stab wound of the lower extremity.What infection can be manifested bythese symptoms?

A. TetanusB. BrucellosisC. Whooping coughD. Anaerobic wound infectionE. Tularemia

139. A 69-year-old patient developeda small plaque with subsequentulceration on the skin of the lowereyelid. The formation was removed.Microscopic examination of dermisrevealed complexes of atypical epitheli-al cells arranged perpendicularly to thebasal membrane on the periphery. Thecells were dark, of polygonal prismaticshape, and had hyperchromic nuclei withfrequent mitoses. What is the histologi-cal form of carcinoma in this patient?

A. Basal cell carcinomaB. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinomaC. Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carci-nomaD. AdenocarcinomaE. Undifferentiated carcinoma

140. A 68-year-old man, who had beensuffering from essential hypertension fora long time, was delivered to a resusci-tation unit with hemiplegia. The patientdied after 7 hours. On autopsy: in theright cerebral hemisphere there is a cavi-

ty 5x5 cm in size with uneven margins,filled with dark red blood clots. Whatcerebral circulation disorder developedin the patient?

A. HematomaB. Hemorrhagic infiltrationC. ThrombosisD. Petechial hemorrhageE. Local venous hyperemia

141. What factor results in the highestenergy expenditure under the normal vi-tal activity conditions?

A. Action of skeletal musclesB. Increase of environment temperatureC. Decrease of environment temperatureD. Mental workE. Food rich in calories

142. To drain the oral cavity a dentistplaces a tampon between the cheek andthe 2nd upper molar. This way secreti-on of the following salivary gland WILLNOT be able to accumulate in the oralcavity:

A. Parotid glandB. Submandibular glandC. Sublingual glandD. Lingual glandE. Labial glands

143. During thermal stimulation it ischaracteristic of oral cavity blood vesselsto:

A. Dilate in response to both cold andhot stimuliB. Present no response towards thermalstimuliC. Respond with constriction to coldstimuliD. Respond with constriction to hotstimuliE. Respond depending on the vesselfunctional condition

144. After the cerebral hemorrhage apatient developed aphasia - lost the abi-lity to articulate words. The hemorrhageis localized in the:

A. Inferior frontal gyrusB. Superior frontal gyrusC. Middle frontal gyrusD. First temporal convolutionE. Second temporal convolution

145. To assess the rate of collagen di-


sintegration during certain connectivetissue disturbances, it is necessary tomeasure the urine content of the followi-ng:

A. OxyprolineB. OrnithineC. ProlineD. LysineE. Urea

146. Deaf parents with genotypes DDeeand ddEE gave birth to a girl withnormal hearing. Specify the form of Dand E genes interaction:

A. Complementary interactionB. Complete dominanceC. EpistasisD. PolymeryE. Overdominance

147. A 33-year-old man has a cysticgrowth connected to the 2nd molar ofthe lower jaw. Within the cystic cavitythere is a rudimentary tooth. On mi-croscopy: inner cystic surface is coveredwith stratified squamous epithelium,there are groups of mucin-producingcells. What diagnosis is the most likely?

A. Follicular cystB. PeriodontitisC. Primordial cystD. Radicular cystE. Follicular ameloblastoma

148. In the course of an experimentresearchers stimulate a branch of thesympathetic nerve that innervates heart.What alterations of cardiac activityshould be registered?

A. Increase in heart rate and heart forceB. Decrease in heart forceC. Increase in heart rateD. Increase in heart forceE. Increase in arterial pressure

149. A patient with a nasal traumapresents with skull fracture that circlesthe piriform opening. What bone isdamaged?

A. NasalB. LacrimalC. MaxillaryD. FrontalE. Ethmoid

150. During tooth brushing it is not

uncommon for oral mucosa to beinjured. However, bleeding quickly stopson its own. What substances in saliva qui-ckly staunch the flow of blood during mi-nor oral injuries?

A. ProcoagulantsB. Lipolytic enzymesC. Amylolytic enzymesD. Mineral substancesE. Lysozyme and mucin

151. The autopsy of a 45-year-old man,who worked in organic acids producti-on and died from uremia, has revealedreduced and completely destroyedcrowns of the upper and lower incisors.Microscopy detects destruction of dentinand enamel, the pulp is covered withdense replacing dentin. What pathologi-cal process occurred in the teeth in thiscase?

A. Necrosis of the hard tooth tissuesB. FluorosisC. Teeth erosionD. Cuneiform defectsE. Hypercementosis

152. During postmortem examinati-on of a 9-month-old infant it wasdetermined that the cause of death wascerebral edema. What water-electrolyteimbalance is the most likely cause of theedema development?

A. Hypoosmolar hyperhydrationB. Hyperosmolar hyperhydrationC. Isoosmolar dehydrationD. Isoosmolar hyperhydrationE. Hyperosmolar dehydration

153. An accident had resulted in a65-year-old man drowning in a lake.Resuscitation measures allowed torestore his respiration and cardiac functi-on. What factor prolongs the period ofapparent death?

A. HypothermiaB. HyperthermiaC. Prolonged preagony and agonyD. Elderly ageE. -

154. An athlete (a long-distance runner)during competition has developed acuteheart failure. This pathology developeddue to:


A. Volume overloadB. Coronary blood flow disturbanceC. Direct damage to myocardiumD. Pericardial pathologyE. Pressure overload

155. In postabsorptive state glycogensynthesis is increased in liver andmuscles. The syntesis involves thefollowing substance:

A. Uridine triphosphate (UTP)B. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)C. Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)D. Thymidine triphosphate (TTP)E. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

156. A 50-year-old man, who has beensuffering for a long time from vi-ral hepatitis, developed mental impai-rments, impairments of consciousness,and motor disturbances (tremor, ataxia,etc.). What is the mechanism of suchcondition?

A. Decreased detoxification function ofthe liverB. Insufficient phagocytic function ofstellate macrophagesC. Decreased synthesis of albumins andglobulins in the liverD. Disturbed lipid exchange in the liverE. Alterations in the lipid composition ofblood

157. A 30-year-old man had suffered athoracic trauma in a traffic accident, whi-ch resulted in disturbance of externalrespiration. What ventilatory failure canbe observed in this case?

A. Extrapulmonary restrictiveB. Pulmonary restrictiveC. ObstructiveD. DysregulatoryE. Mixed type

158. A girl is diagnosed with pri-mary microcephaly that is a monogenicautosomal recessive disease. Her naturalbrother develops normally. Whatgenotypes do the parents of these chi-ldren have?

A. Аа х АаB. АА х ААC. аа х ааD. АА х ааE. ААВВ х ААВВ

159. A patient diagnosed with botulism

has been prescribed antibotulinic serumfor treatment. What immunity will beformed in the given patient?

A. Antitoxic passive immunityB. Antitoxic active immunityC. Antimicrobic active immunityD. Antimicrobic passive immunityE. Infection immunity

160. An 84-year-old patient suffers fromparkinsonism. One of the pathogeneticdevelopment elements of this disease isdeficiency of a certain mediator in someof the brain structures. Name this medi-ator:

A. DopamineB. AdrenalineC. NoradrenalineD. HistamineE. Acetylcholine

161. High-altitude dwellers typicallydemonstrate chronically intensifiedrespiration and decreased pCO2 valueof blood. What mechanism is leadingin the compensation of their asid-baseimbalance?

A. Desreased renal reabsorption ofbicarbonateB. Increased ammonia excretion withurineC. Decreased pulmonary ventilationD. Increased pulmonary ventilationE. -

162. A patient has suffered a head injury.On examination there is a subcutaneoushematoma in the temporal area. Whatvessel was damaged, thus resulting inhematoma development?

A. А. temporalis superficialisB. А. maxillarisC. А. auricularis posteriorD. А. buccalisE. А. occipitalis

163. Due to severe pain syndrome apatient has been prescribed a narcoticanalgesic. Specify the prescribed drug:

A. MorphineB. Analgin (Metamizole)C. NimesulidD. DimexidE. Indometacin

164. A 50-year-old man came to a


hospital with complaints of memory di-sorders, painful sensations along thenerve trunks, decreased mental abili-ty, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia.Anamnesis states excessive alcoholconsumption. What vitamin deficiencycan result in such symptoms?

A. ThiamineB. NiacinC. RetinolD. CalciferolE. Riboflavin

165. A young man has been performi-ng physical exercises, holding a weightfor a long time. What kind of musclecontraction is the most characteristic ofthese exercises?

A. IsometricB. IsotonicC. SingleD. AsynchronousE. Isovolumetric

166. A patient presents withlymphocytic-monocytic leukogrampattern. It is characteristic of:

A. Chronic inflammatory processB. Acute inflammatory processC. AllergiesD. Chronic radiation sicknessE. -

167. A patient has been hospitalised withprovisional diagnosis of diphyllobothri-asis. What food products can be thecause of this condition?

A. FishB. PorkC. BeefD. Milk and eggsE. Fruit and vegetables

168. During examination of a woman shewas found to have a luminal narrowingof the right jugular foramen (foramenjugulare). What cranial bones form thisforamen?

A. Temporal and occipitalB. Occipital and frontalC. Temporal and cuneiformD. Occipital and cuneiformE. Cuneiform and palatine

169. What coenzyme of flavin-dependentdehydrogenases participates in the

reactions of tricarboxylic acid cycle?

A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)B. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)C. Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)D. Thymidine diphosphate (TDP)E. Heme

170. A patient is diagnosed withinflammatory process in the area of theexcretory duct of submandibular gland.This duct opens to:

A. Caruncula sublingualisB. Vestibulum orisC. Foramen caecum linguaeD. Linea terminalisE. Recesus gingivalis

171. A patient suffering from arthritis isprescribed a COX2 selective inhibitorwith anti-inflammatory action. Specifythis drug:

A. CelecoxibB. Butadion (Phenylbutazone)C. DimexidD. IndometacinE. Analgin (Metamizole)

172. A patient has undergone recurri-ng blood tests that revealed sharpfluctuations of glucose content: signi-ficant increase in absorptive state andsignificant decrease in postabsorptivestate. What pathology can be the causeof it?

A. Aglycogenosis (glycogenosis type 0)B. Diabetes mellitus type IC. Diabetes mellitus type IID. AcromegalyE. Endemic goiter

173. A person found oneself in an emoti-onally straining situation. As the resultthe blood adrenaline level has risen,therefore increasing the strength ofcardiac contractions. In what way doesadrenaline increase the strength of cardi-ac contractions?

A. Activates cardiac β-adrenergicreceptorsB. Activates vascular baroreceptorsC. Decreases tone of vagus nervesD. Activates peripheral chemoreceptorsE. Decreases excitability of pacemakercells


174. During a brain surgery stimulationof the cerebral cortex resulted in tacti-le and thermal sensations in the patient.What gyrus was stimulated?

A. Postcentral gyrusB. Cingulate convolutionC. Parahippocampal gyrusD. Superior temporal gyrusE. Precentral gyrus

175. A patient suffering from malariahas developed hemolytic anemia aftertaking primaquine antimalarial drug.Hereditary insufficiency of the followingenzyme in erythrocytes will be observedin this case:

A. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenaseB. Triosephosphate isomeraseC. LipaseD. Fructose 1-phosphate aldolaseE. Phosphofructokinase

176. Bacilli were extracted fromthe investigated sample. The bacilliare curved, extremely mobile, gram-negative, form no spores or capsules,have anaerobic form of respiration. Theyform transparent smooth colonies inalkaline agar, ferment saccharose andmannose into acid, produce exotoxin,fibrinolysin, collagenase, and hyaluroni-dase. What agent was extracted?

A. Comma bacillusB. Blue pus bacillusC. ProteusD. ColibacillusE. Dysentery bacillus

177. A 30-year-old man withglomerulonephritis has developednephrotic syndrome. What symptominvariably accompanies nephroticsyndrome?

A. ProteinuriaB. GlucosuriaC. Low urine specific gravityD. AnemiaE. Azotemia

178. Ulcer disease of the duodenum hasbeen detected in a 38-year-old man. Atreatment was prescribed after whichthe patient considered himself to behealthy. However, half a year later thepatient developed pain in the epigastri-um, heartburn, and insomnia. The pati-ent’s condition can be estimated as a:

A. RelapseB. RemissionC. Development of chronic diseaseD. Latent periodE. Pathological state

179. Autosomal nondisjunction hadoccurred in a woman during meiosis.An ovum with the third copy of the 18thchromosome was formed. The ovum wasimpregnated by normal spermatozoon.The resulting child will suffer from:

A. Edwards’ syndromeB. Klinefelter’s syndromeC. Patau’s syndromeD. Turner’s syndromeE. Down’s syndrome

180. Amino acids join to each other inribosomes of granular endoplasmic reti-culum. Knowing the sequence of ami-no acids and applying genetic code, it ispossible to determine the sequence ofnucleoids in:

A. mRNAB. IntronsC. ProteinsD. CarbohydratesE. rRNA

181. A patient suffers from aninflammatory process in the area ofthe lower wall of orbital cavity. Whatanatomical structure makes it possiblefor the inflammatory process to spreadto the pterygopalatine fossa?

A. Inferior orbital fissureB. Superior orbital fissureC. Supraorbital incisureD. Posterior ethmoidal foramenE. Optic canal

182. In 8 days after a surgery the patientdeveloped tetanus. The surgeon suspectsthis condition to be caused by suturematerial contaminated by tetanus agent.The material is delivered to a bacteri-ological laboratory. What nutrient medi-um is required for primary inoculationof the suture material?

A. Kitt-Tarozzi mediumB. Endo agarC. Sabouraud agarD. Egg-yolk salt agarE. Hiss medium


183. A patient is diagnosed withdeformed posterior portion of the nasalseptum. What bone is deformed?

A. VomerB. Medial pterygoid plateC. Lateral pterygoid plateD. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid boneE. Vertical plate of palatine bone

184. A patient suffers from disturbedblood supply of superior lateral surfaceof the cerebral hemispheres. What bloodvessel is damaged?

A. Medial cerebral arteryB. Anterior cerebral arteryC. Posterior cerebral arteryD. Anterior communicating arteryE. Posterior communicating artery

185. A victim of an accident hashemorrhage in the area of lateral surfaceof the mastoid process. What branch ofthe external carotid artery supplies thisarea with blood?

A. A. auricularis posteriorB. А. temporalis superficialisC. A. facialisD. A. maxillarisE. A. pharyngea ascendens

186. A 33-year-old man presents withdisturbed pain and thermal sensitivityafter a spinal cord trauma. The followingascending tract is injured:

A. SpinothalamicB. Lateral corticospinalC. Anterior corticospinalD. Ventral spinocerebellarE. Dorsal spinocerebellar

187. A patient is diagnosed withpancreatitis. Starch decomposition di-sturbance occurs in the patient’s intesti-ne due to deficiency of the followingpancreatic enzyme:

A. AmylaseB. TripsinC. ChymotrypsinD. LipaseE. Carboxypeptidase

188. Histologic specimen of a tooth sliceshows a tissue consisting of intercellularsubstance permeated with tubules, inwhich cellular processes of odontoblastsare situated. What tissue is presented in

this histologic specimen?

A. DentinB. EnamelC. PulpD. CementE. Periodontium

189. To test teeth sensitivity they aresprayed with cold or hot water. Whatstructure of cerebral cortex providessubjective estimation of this thermaltest?

A. Posterior central gyrusB. First temporal convolutionC. Precentral gyrusD. Middle frontal gyrusE. Central fissure

190. During oral cavity examinati-on a dentist noticed eruption of thepermanent canines in a child. The childgrows and develops normally. Determi-ne the child’s age:

A. 11-13 yearsB. 13-16 yearsC. 6-7 yearsD. 8-9 yearsE. 9-10 years

191. Autopsy of a 58-year-old man, whohad been suffering from rheumatic heartdisease and died of cardiopulmonarydecompensation, revealed gray diffusefilm- and fiber-shaped coating in his peri-cardium. What type of inflammation ischaracteristic of this pericarditis?

A. Croupous fibrinousB. SerousC. HemorrhagicD. Diphtheritic fibrinousE. Suppurative

192. During examination of the patient’soral cavity a dentist noticed deformationof the teeth and a crescent indentationon the upper right inscisor. The teeth areundersized, barrel-shaped - tooth cervixis wider than its edge. The patient usesa hearing aid, suffers from visual impai-rment. What type of syphilis affects teethin such a way?

A. Late congenitalB. PrimaryC. Early congenitalD. SecondaryE. Neurosyphilis


193. Autopsy of a 45-year-old manrevealed the following: wrinkledshagreen-resembling intima in theascending aorta; elastic staining isnegative. Wall of the left ventricle isup to 1,5 cm in width; no myocardialalterations. Specify the most probabledisease of the aorta:

A. Syphilitic mesaortitisB. Atherosclerosis of the aortaC. Rheumatic vasculitisD. Aortic failureE. -

194. A patient has developed a pai-nful sore with soft ragged edges inthe oral cavity. Microscopically there islymphocytic infiltration with epithelioidand giant multinucleate Langhans cellsin the sore floor. What diagnosis is themost likely?

A. TuberculosisB. SyphilisC. Ulcerative stomatitis (Vincent’sstomatitis)D. Ulcer-cancerE. Gangrenous stomatitis

195. Lateral X-ray of the occipital bonearea demonstrates fracture of the occi-pital condyle. Integrity of the followinganatomical structure is disturbed:

A. Canalis nervi hypoglossiB. Canalis caroticusC. Foramen ovaleD. Foramen stylomastoideumE. Foramen mastoideum

196. In the process of embryogenesisof dentomaxillary system there wasan enamel disturbance detected. Whatsource of tooth development is damagedin this case?

A. Oral cavity epitheliumB. Dental sacculeC. Dental bulbD. MesenchymeE. Mesoderm

197. The autopsy of the body of aman, who suffered from toxic diphtheria

and died on the 9th day from theonset of disease with signs of cardi-ac decompensation, has revealed thefollowing: dilated cardiac cavities, dullflaccid myocardium, myocardial secti-on is variegated. Microscopy revealedfatty degeneration of cardiac hystiocytes,large foci of myocytolysis, stromaledema with scant lymphocytic andmacrophageal infiltration. Specify thetype of myocarditis in this case:

A. AlterativeB. GranulomatousC. Focal intermediate exudativeD. SepticE. Interstitial

198. A doctor has made a diagnosis of gi-ngivitis and recommended the patient torinse the oral cavity with an oxidizingagent. Specify this agent:

A. Hydrogen peroxideB. Boric acidC. Salicylic acidD. PhenolE. Brilliant green

199. In dental practice atropine sulfate isused to decrease salivation. This drugbelongs to the following group:

A. Muscarinic antagonistsB. α-adrenergic agonistsC. β-adrenoceptor antagonistsD. Ganglionic blockersE. Muscle relaxants

200. A patient has developed agrayish-white dense protruding focuson the oral mucosa. Histologycallythere are hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis,and acanthosis of epithelium withlymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltrationof underlaying connective tissue in thisarea. What pathology has developed inthe oral mucosa?

A. LeukoplakiaB. HyalinosisC. LeukodermaD. Local tumor-like amyloidosisE. -

INSTRUCTIONAL BOOK

Ministry of public health of Ukraine (MPH of Ukraine)Department of human recources policy, education and scienceTesting Board

TEST ITEMS FOR LICENSING EXAMINATION: KROK 1. STOMATOLOGY.

Kyiv. Testing Board.(English language).

Approved to print 03.01./№4. Paper size 60х84 1/8Offset paper. Typeface. Times New Roman Cyr. Offset print.Conditional print pages 20. Accounting publishing pages 24.Issue. 252 copies.

List of abbreviations

A/G Albumin/globulin ratio HR Heart rateA-ANON Alcoholics anonymous IDDM Insulin dependent diabetes mellitusACT Abdominal computed tomography IFA Immunofluorescence assayADP Adenosine diphosphate IHD Ischemic heart diseaseALT Alanin aminotranspherase IU International unitAMP Adenosine monophosphate LDH Lactate dehydrogenaseAP Action potential MSEC Medical and sanitary expert committeeARF Acute renal failure NAD Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotideAST Aspartat aminotranspherase NADPH Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide

phosphate restored

ATP Adenosine triphosphate NIDDM Non-Insulin dependent diabetesmellitus

BP Blood pressure PAC Polyunsaturated aromaticcarbohydrates

bpm Beats per minute PAS Periodic acid & shiff reactionC.I. Color Index pCO2 CO2 partial pressureCBC Complete blood count pO2 CO2 partial pressureCHF Chronic heart failure pm Per minuteCT Computer tomography Ps Pulse rateDIC Disseminated intravascular coagualtion r RoentgenDCC Doctoral controlling committee RBC Red blood countDM-2 Non-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus RDHA Reverse direct hemagglutination assayDTP Anti diphtheria-tetanus vaccine Rh RhesusECG Electrocardiogram (R)CFT Reiter's complement fixation testESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate RIHA Reverse indirect hemagglutination

assayFC Function class RNA Ribonucleic acidFAD Flavin adenine dinucleotide RR Respiratory rateFADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide restored S1 Heart sound 1FEGDS Fibro-esphago-gastro-duodenoscopy S2 Heart sound 2FMNH2 Flavin mononucleotide restored TU Tuberculin unitGIT Gastrointestinal tract U UnitGy Gray USI Ultrasound investigationGMP Guanosine monophosphate V/f Vision fieldHb Hemoglobin WBC White blood countHbA1c Glycosylated hemoglobin X-ray RoentgenogramHct HematocritHIV Human immunodeficiency virus

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