Kris Arvid Berglund

How Artisan Distillation Works Kris Arvid BerglundUniversity Distinguished Professorof Forestry and Chemical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI 48824 USAandProfessor of Biochemical & Chemical Process EngineeringLule University of TechnologySE-971 87 Lule SWEDEN

MSU/ LTU ARTISAN DISTILLING PROGRAMEstablished to promote the establishment and expansion of artisan distillersActivities include: education, service, and researchDesigned as a dedicated program for distilled spirits

FACILITIESMichigan Brewing Company-houses program, alternating premises licenseA150l Christian Carl still equipped with a three tray side column and a packed column is for high rectification work. (120l to be added at LTU)A 450l Christian Carl still for stripping and botanicalsAn 800l, 38-tray Christian Carl still (on line in March 2009)A 10l Christian Carl still for experimental workComprehensive analytical instrumentation: GC, HPLC, Anton Paar DMA 5000 densitometer

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIESWorkshops- two dayMSU, Webberville, MIWSU, Mt. Vernon, WACornell University, Geneva, NYCoursework at MSU, CHE 491Book entitled, Artisan Distilling on CD-ROM, internet download (free) at www.artisandistilling.org

RESEARCH ACTVITIESDevelop quality indicators- congener monitoring and controlControl of regulated compoundsYeast screening for congenersActivated carbon finishing

Some definitionsThe agency that licenses at the Federal level is Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, the Department of Treasury (TTB), not the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, the Department of Homeland Security (BATF).All spirits are defined in the Code of Federal Regulations-27 CFR Part 5.21Make sure anything you wish to make is defined!

Recognized classes of spiritsClass 1; neutral spirits or alcohol.Class 2; whisky.Class 3; gin.Class 4; brandy.Class 5; blended applejack.Class 6; rum.Class 7; tequila.Class 8; cordials and liqueurs.Class 9; flavored brandy, flavored gin, flavored rum, flavored vodka, and flavored whisky.Class 10; imitations.Class 11; geographical designations.Class 12; products without geographical designations but distinctive of a particular place.

DISTILLATION- MOTIVATIONConcentrate aromas, flavors, and alcoholSeveral operational parameters possibleRemove the negative compounds

DISTILLATIONA process involving an equilibrium between two phases - liquid and vapor.

For a pure compound, a sharp boiling point usually exists.

For a mixture, however, a phase equilibrium exists over a range of temperatures.

UNIQUE VLE OF ETHANOL-WATER SOLUTIONSFor ideal mixtures, the mvc is always at a higher concentration in the vapor phase than the lvcThe boiling point of the mixture should be a continuously increasing value as the concentration of the lvc is increasedThis is not the case for ethanol-waterThe boiling point has a minimum value for a mixtureThis is called a minimum boiling azeotrope

DEW CURVEBUBBLE CURVEvaporliquidmixture

Chart5

100100

95.595.5

8989

86.786.7

85.385.3

84.184.1

82.782.7

82.382.3

81.581.5

80.780.7

79.879.8

79.779.7

79.379.3

78.7478.74

78.4178.41

78.1578.15

78.378.3

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C

Boiling Point Diagram

Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1

x EtOHy EtOHT Boiling

00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

1

Liquid Mole Fraction EtOH

Vapor Mole Fraction EtOH

Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

AZEOTROPE

Chart7

79.879.8

79.779.7

79.379.3

78.7478.74

78.4178.41

78.1578.15

78.378.3

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point

Boiling Point Diagram Near Azeotrope

Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

1



Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point


INCREASING TEMP.

Chart4

10

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11



Ethanol Water VLE

Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

10

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00



Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

COMPARISON OF UNITS- MOLE, WEIGHT, ANDVOLUME FRACTIONSVOLUMEWEIGHTMOLE

Chart2

000

0.410520.3430.17

0.694920.6190.3891

0.737560.6650.4375

0.763740.6940.4704

0.791960.7260.5089

0.815250.7530.5445

0.823760.76350.558

0.838880.7810.5826

0.855410.8010.6112

0.878850.830.6564

0.885990.8390.6599

0.892290.8470.6841

0.916910.8790.7385

0.933270.9010.7815

0.971920.9560.8943

111

Liquid Phase

Vapor Phase

EtOH Water VLE

Chart1

10

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

10

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00



Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point


x EtOHwt. fractvol. fract.T BoilingV-xV-yW-xW-yMole-xMole-y

000100000000

0.0190.0470.0587195.50.058710.410520.0470.3430.0190.17

0.07210.1660.20399890.203990.694920.1660.6190.07210.3891

0.09660.2150.2625686.70.262560.737560.2150.6650.09660.4375

0.12380.2650.3213885.30.321380.763740.2650.6940.12380.4704

0.16610.3380.4049284.10.404920.791960.3380.7260.16610.5089

0.23770.4440.5213282.70.521320.815250.4440.7530.23770.5445

0.26080.4740.5516182.30.551610.823760.4740.76350.26080.558

0.32730.5550.6332981.50.633290.838880.5550.7810.32730.5826

0.39650.6270.7024380.70.702430.855410.6270.8010.39650.6112

0.50790.7250.7910979.80.791090.878850.7250.830.50790.6564

0.51980.7350.7997879.70.799780.885990.7350.8390.51980.6599

0.57320.7740.8330379.30.833030.892290.7740.8470.57320.6841

0.67630.8420.8883578.740.888350.916910.8420.8790.67630.7385

0.74720.8830.9199278.410.919920.933270.8830.9010.74720.7815

0.89430.9560.9719278.150.971920.971920.9560.9560.89430.8943

11178.3111111

y EtOHwt. Fract.vol. fract.T boiling

000100

0.170.3430.4105295.5

0.38910.6190.6949289

0.43750.6650.7375686.7

0.47040.6940.7637485.3

0.50890.7260.7919684.1

0.54450.7530.8152582.7

0.5580.76350.8237682.3

0.58260.7810.8388881.5

0.61120.8010.8554180.7

0.65640.830.8788579.8

0.65990.8390.8859979.7

0.68410.8470.8922979.3

0.73850.8790.9169178.74

0.78150.9010.9332778.41

0.89430.9560.9719278.15

11178.3

Liquid Phase

Vapor Phase

EtOH Water VLE

TYPES OF DISTILLATIONSimple batch- no rectification

Alambic- some rectification

Column- active rectification

BATCH DISTILLATIONUse cutsHeads- remove acetaldehyde, methanolHearts- product rich in aromas and flavorsTails- fusel oils, dilute

RECTIFICATION- EQUILIBRIUM CONTACT Rectification is the result of equilibrium contact between two phasesThe liquid and vapor leaving the contact are in equilibriumRectification, also called enrichment, results in a higher concentration than would occur in a single equilibrium contact

SIMPLE BATCH (RAYLEIGH) DISTILLATION

12

Chart4

10

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11



Ethanol Water VLE

Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

10

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00



Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

vaporliquidmixture12

Chart5

100100

95.595.5

8989

86.786.7

85.385.3

84.184.1

82.782.7

82.382.3

81.581.5

80.780.7

79.879.8

79.779.7

79.379.3

78.7478.74

78.4178.41

78.1578.15

78.378.3

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

1



Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

DIRECT FIRED STILL (ALAMBIC)Some vapor condenses to liquid and returns to the pot

Classic cognac distillation

INDIRECT STEAM HEATING (ALAMBIC)Some vapor condenses to liquid and returns to the pot

SteamFigure courtesy of Christian Carl Ing. GmbH

INDIRECT HEATING WITH RECTIFICATION INCREASING TEMPERATURE DOWN THE COLUMN, HIGHEST TEMPERATURE IS IN THE POTFigure courtesy of Christian Carl Ing. GmbH

RECTIFICATION COLUMNS

Figure courtesy of Christian Carl Ing. GmbH

SIEVE TRAY

BUBBLE CAP TRAY

BATCH COLUMN STILLBoilerPartialcondensorD, xDLRefluxratio

123456XFEEDxDISTThe number of trays needed for a specific separation is determined by stepping off..

Chart4

10

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11



Ethanol Water VLE

Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

10

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00



Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

vaporliquidmixture12345

Chart5

100100

95.595.5

8989

86.786.7

85.385.3

84.184.1

82.782.7

82.382.3

81.581.5

80.780.7

79.879.8

79.779.7

79.379.3

78.7478.74

78.4178.41

78.1578.15

78.378.3

Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

10

00

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Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

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Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

If the reflux ratio is constant,the product concentrationwill decrease during the batch112233

Chart4

10

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11



Ethanol Water VLE

Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

10

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Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

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Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

Since the concentration in the pot decrease during a bath, in order to keep the product concentration high, the reflux must be increased 123123

Chart4

10

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11



Ethanol Water VLE

Chart1

00

0.0190.17

0.07210.3891

0.09660.4375

0.12380.4704

0.16610.5089

0.23770.5445

0.26080.558

0.32730.5826

0.39650.6112

0.50790.6564

0.51980.6599

0.57320.6841

0.67630.7385

0.74720.7815

0.89430.8943

11

Sheet1


00100010010000

0.0190.1795.50.01995.595.50.0190.17

0.07210.3891890.072189890.07210.3891

0.09660.437586.70.096686.786.70.09660.4375

0.12380.470485.30.123885.385.30.12380.4704

0.16610.508984.10.166184.184.10.16610.5089

0.23770.544582.70.237782.782.70.23770.5445

0.26080.55882.30.260882.382.30.26080.558

0.32730.582681.50.327381.581.50.32730.5826

0.39650.611280.70.396580.780.70.39650.6112

0.50790.656479.80.507979.879.80.50790.6564

0.51980.659979.70.519879.779.70.51980.6599

0.57320.684179.30.573279.379.30.57320.6841

0.67630.738578.740.676378.7478.740.67630.7385

0.74720.781578.410.747278.4178.410.74720.7815

0.89430.894378.150.894378.1578.150.89430.8943

1178.3178.378.311

Sheet1

10

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Ethanol Water VLE

Sheet2

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Mole Fraction

Boiling Point, C


Sheet3

REFLUX IS INCREASED BY INCREASING COOLING WATER FLOWRATE TO PARTIAL CONDENSER TTEMPERATURE SENSORWATER TO CONDENSERFigure courtesy of Christian Carl Ing. GmbH

FLAVOR COMPOUNDS (CONGENERS) IN DISTILLED SPIRITS

TYPICAL COMPOUNDS BY GC

Sheet1

Chemical NameRetentionTime (min)Boiling point (deg. C)

Acetaldehyde2.520.8

Acetone3.456.2

Ethyl Formate3.654.0

Ethyl Acetate4.577.0

Methanol4.764.7

Ethanol5.878.0

1-propanol8.797.0

Isopentanol (isoamyl alcohol)16.3132.0

Benzaldehyde33.0179.0

TYPICAL GC RESULTS

ETHANOL RESULTS FROM PLUM DISTILLATIONHEADSHEARTSTAILS

Chart1

85

87

82

80

78

76

71

64

58

1

Distillate Volume (mL)

Ethanol Conc. (% v/v)

Sheet1

All trays with CC40085All trays40084

8008780086

120082120085

220080220084

320078320081

420076420075

520071490065

615064555055

670058

2 trays with CC400852 trays40085

8008680085

120086120083

220084220080

320080320070

420064420050

CONGENER CONCENTRATIONS IN PLUM DISTILLATESHEADSHEARTSTAILS

Chart1

0.30269567710.57362318090.12438143560.08436951480.0212524377

0.09051417370.50170066270.05749395790.10445260510.033395885

0.02084552690.43965257460.01952761390.12698574270.0547523221

0.00758602320.37569988360.00451826880.16787063520.1182030239

0.0053004470.37500662560.00171381120.20602248570.241388246

0.00492636740.4815596130.00550255070.15080878130.1153446981

Acetaldehyde

Methanol

Ethyl Acetate

1-Propanol

Iso Amyl Alcohol


Congener Concentration (% v/v)

Methanol Concentration (% v/v)

Congener Concentration vs Distillate Volume 2 Trays with Catalytic Converter

Sheet1

Sheet1

0.30269567710.57362318090.12438143560.08436951480.0212524377

0.09051417370.50170066270.05749395790.10445260510.033395885

0.02084552690.43965257460.01952761390.12698574270.0547523221

0.00758602320.37569988360.00451826880.16787063520.1182030239

0.0053004470.37500662560.00171381120.20602248570.241388246

0.00492636740.4815596130.00550255070.15080878130.1153446981

Acetaldehyde

Methanol

Ethyl Acetate

1-Propanol

Iso Amyl Alcohol


Congener Concentration (% v/v)

Methanol Concentration (% v/v)

Congener Concentration vs Distillate Volume 2 Trays with Catalytic Converter

Sheet2

Sheet3

CONTACT Prof. Kris Arvid BerglundEmail: [email protected]: [email protected]

www.artisandistilling.org

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSChristian Carl Ing. GmbHProject GREEEN, State of MichiganMichigan State UniversityLule University of Technology

Documents

Kris Arvid Berglund