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KREBS CYCLE &
ELECTRON TRANSPORTChapter 7-2
http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpghttp://www.therunningdoctor.com/runinjuries.htm
REMEMBER:The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. The presence or absence of _______________decides which path it takes next.
OXYGEN
• See video 9A AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Glucose(C6H1206)
+Oxygen
(02)
GlycolysisKrebsCycle
Cellular Respiration
We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present.
Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
_______________ follows glycolysis if oxygen is
present
KREBS CYCLE
• See video 9C See video 9D• KREBS CYCLE KREBS cont’d
REMEMBER:
Glycolysis happens inthe ________________outside the mitochondria.
Krebs cycle happens in_____________inside the mitochondria
CYTOPLASM
MATRIX
_______________ (also called pyruvate)enters the _________________
Pyruvic acid joinswith _______________to form ________________
PYRUVIC ACID
COENZYME A
Diagram by Riedell
ACETYL - CoA
MITOCHONDRION
WHERE DO THESE GO?
Carbon dioxide is released into the ________________
High energy electron carriers move into the
____________________
atmosphere
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
(We will come back to this later)
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2)
Citric Acid Formation:
2 carbon ACETYL-COA combines with a 4 carbon molecule to form a 6-carbon molecule called _______________ .
citric acid
WHERE DO THESE GO?
Coenzyme A goes back to pick up another _____________
Citric acid completes
the ___________
Pyruvic acid
KREBS CYCLE
KREBS CYCLE
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #3)
3
1
1
4
KREBS CYCLE PRODUCES
____
____
____
____
WHERE DOES IT GO?
6 carbons in original glucose are lost as ________________ to atmosphere
→
Carbon dioxide
WHERE DO THESE GO?
ATP can be used directlyto supply __________ for the cell.
High energy electron carriers move into the
____________________
energy
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Glucose(C6H1206)
+Oxygen
(02)
GlycolysisKrebsCycle
ElectronTransport
Chain
Cellular Respiration
We will next focus on the Electron Transport Chain.
WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN?
Glycolysis KREBS ET
Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINare located in the ___________________________Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)
• See video 9E See video 9F• ELECTRON TRANSPORT ET cont’d
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
MATRIX
CRISTAE
Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #1)
Electron Transport Chain:
High-energy _____________ from __________ and __________are passed along the electron transport chain.
Energy from passing electrons is used to transport _____________________ across the membrane.
electrons
NADH FADH2
Hydrogen ions (H+)
The pumping of H+ ions into the _______________________ represents potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP.As H+ ions escape through ion channels back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP toform _______
Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #3)
Electron Transport Chain:
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
ATP SYNTHASE
ATP
Electron Transport Chain:
________________ serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.
At the end of the electron transport chain, an enzyme combines the electrons with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form ______________water (H2O)
OXYGEN
High-energy electrons from ________ come in at beginning but electrons from _________come in farther down the chain.
FADH2
NADH
Electron Transport Chain Animation-(#1 and #2)
SO:
NADH → _____FADH2 → _____
3 ATP’s
2 ATP’s
Glucose Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2
Electron Transport
Chain
Mitochondrion
Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
WHATS THE BIG PICTURE?
CELLULAR RESPIRATIONincludes:
______________________
______________________
_______________________
GLYCOLYSIS
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
KREBS CYCLE
GLYCOLYSISHappens in ______________
Breaks down ____________into ________________
Produces
_______ __________2
CYTOPLASM outside mitochondria1 glucose
2
2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
KREBS CYCLEhappens in ________________
Breaks down _________________
Produces: ____ ____
____ ____
MATRIXinside mitochondria
2 pyruvic acid
2 6
8 2
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
Enzymes found in _____________
Uses high energy electrons and H+ ionsdonated by _______ and _______
Makes ___________
________ acts a final electron acceptor to produce ________
cristae inner membrane of mitochondria
NADH FADH2
OXYGENH2O
32 (net) ATP
Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
CELLULAR RESPIRATION(aerobic/ with oxygen):
1 glucose → _______________
FERMENTATION(anaerobic/ without oxygen):
1 glucose → ________________
36 ATP
2 ATP
CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY
Images from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
Cells burn GLUCOSE for their energy needs
Remember !
EXERCISE and ENERGY(Short term energy)
Cells normally contain _________amounts of ATP produced by_______________
(only enough for a few seconds of activity)
Once this ATP is used up_____________ fermentation can provide enough ATPto last about ___________________.
SMALL
GLYCOLYSIS
LACTIC ACID
http://www.therunningdoctor.com/runinjuries.htm
90 seconds
EXERCISE and ENERGY(Short term energy)
Once race is over, _______________must be broken down using oxygen.
Well __________ athletes burnlactic acid moreefficiently.
trained
Image from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg
Lactic acid
EXERCISE and ENERGY(LONGER term energy)
For exercise longer than 90 seconds_____________________ is the onlyway to make enough ATP.
Cellular respiration releases energy_____________ than fermentation.
Well conditioned athletes must pace themselves during a long race.
more slowly
Cellular respiration
Animal cells store GLUCOSE as_____________to use later.
Image from: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif
GLYCOGENREMEMBER
What happens in a long race when the body’s glucose all is used up?
EXERCISE and ENERGY(LONGER term energy)
________________ store glucose as ________________ which can be broken down into glucose to supply energy for_______________of activity.
MUSCLES
15-20 minutes
glycogen
EXERCISE and ENERGY(LONGER term energy)
After glycogen stores are used up the body
begins to break down ________
That’s why aerobic exercise
must continue for longer than
20 minutes if you want tolose weight!
FAT
Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg
ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY
All __________________(including plant and animal cells) have _______________ for cellular respiration
All __________________ (bacteria)have their electron transport enzymes attached to their_____________________
Remember: No membrane bound organelles!
mitochondria
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell membranes
SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things
9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.Photosynthesis and respiration
ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymesMitochondriaChloroplasts
Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors
High school students performing at the
ADVANCED level:
analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle;
predict the function of a given structure;
High school students performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (…role of enzymes)
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
describe the relationship between structure and function
High school students performing at the
BASIC level
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes)
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
recognize that different structures perform different functions;
SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS
• 9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS)
• Examples: Krebs Cycle
LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.
Internet
• Links from the authors on Creatine
• Share kimchi lab data
• Interactive test
• For links on cellular respiration, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3091.
• For links on the Krebs cycle, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3092.
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