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TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENTKonstantin GoulianosThe Rockefeller University
BNL 90/50/10 CELEBRATION
JUNE 12, 2010
A lecture dedicated to:Mel Schwartz, -
my mentor and thesis advisorLeon Lederman and Jack Steinberger -
my co-mentors and co-advisorsNari
Mistry
–
my twin neutrinoJean-Marc Gailliard
–
visitor from OrsayGordon Danby, BNL
Warner Hayes, our technician at largeCOLUMBIA AND BNL
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 2
The 2ν’s –
a personal account1958 –
60 @ Columbia: graduate coursessome fellow students:
Nari
Mistry
–
the other neutrinoMike Tannenbaum
(μp→μp), David Bartlett (μ→e
γ/μ→e
ν ν
< 10-8) Richard FriedbergNorman Christ
some professors:Lee, Rabi, Towns, Kush, Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger, Feinberg
1960 – 61 @ Nevis: spark chamber R&D(then) future Nobel recipients: Rainwater, Rubbia, TingCharlie Baltay, John Peoples, Lee Pondrom, Uriel Nauenberg, …+…
1961 @ BNL: assemble and test 10-ton spark chamber detector1962 @ BNL: 2ν run (a six-month-long shift!)1963: write thesis PhD1964: follow-up neutrino experiment with a 50-ton spark chamber
search for W in di-muon production νμ + A μ + W( μ + vμ)+A’found evidence for neutral currents but quoted an upper limit.
1976: neutrino-proton elastic scattering: hys.Rev.Lett.37:186-189,1976
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 4
μ → e γ νμ = νe
June 1963
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 5
Experimental set-up
7.5°
15 – BeVshielding!!!
21 m
BACKGROUND
signal
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 6
SPARK CHAMBER –
at Smithsonian?
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 7
CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION AND TRIGGERING
SPARK GAP
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 8
OPTICS
VERTICALPROJECTION
HORIZONTALPROJECTION
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 9
e-CALIBRATION AT THE COSMOTRON
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 10
e -
SHOWERS FROM COSMOTRON TEST
300 MeV/c
400 MeV/c
600 MeV/c
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 11
e -
CALIBRATION: NO. OF SPARKS
normalized to the expected #
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 12
SINGLE MUON EVENTS
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 13
A “VERTEX”
EVENT: Etotal
=2 BeV
ν+ p →
p + μ-
+ W+
W+ → π+
+ πo
πo
→ γ + γ (?)
μ-
γγ
π+
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 14
TABLE OF OBSERVED EVENTS
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 16
Mel & Gina Lollobrigida
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 17
-
but in the Greek Press…
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 18
At Nevis in 1960 -
61
wrapping counters-
all 130 of them!!!
at my workbench that doubled as a deskthose were the days…
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 19
At BNL in 1961-
62 → 64
working
posing
installing counters-
Mel, Dino and 1/3 of (?)
W/Mike Tannenbaum
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 20
SEARCH FOR THE W-BOSON
set limit on mW
12+50 tons
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 21
In Stockholm in 1988
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From Gary and Jack
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NEVIS REUNION 18 FEB 1989
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THE NAMING OF THE MUON-NEUTRINO
FROM MY TALK AT THE NEVIS REUNION ON 18 FEB 1989
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 25
WHAT IS IN A NAME?
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 41
VERSE 5a
INSTOCKHOLM !
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 45
What Nari
would have said…
at the Nevis reunion
BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 46
Ask me about it…
1-The summit at Nevis in 19602-Finding a mentor –
Jack, Leon or Mel?
3-Harnessing the background4-The first event -
Helmut and the postcard
5-The “Melon”6-The “crappers”
that were neutral currents
●●●
and more!