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1 An enormous, ultra-light, super-durable and incredibly capacious composite heart will be built during this season of the KOMPOZYT-EXPO ® Trade Fair; it will serve as a money box for the finale of the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity 2014 that will take place in Krakow. A super-ecological car – InEco ® Concept – made of ultra-light composite materials. And yet another surprise for car lovers: a single – seat “Colibri” micro-car – economic, comfortable and safe for urban use. Ladies and Gentlemen, the most significant event in the composites industry in Central and Eastern Europe – KOMPOZYT-EXPO ® – is almost upon us. We hope to see you in Krakow on 21-22 Novem- ber 2013, for at least these important reasons: First, the international rank of the Fair The event, organized for the fourth time by Targi w Krakowie, has developed into its own brand at remarkable speed, having won the recognition of the industry in Poland and in the foreign markets. This is your opportunity to see the presentation of news from the world of composites at this great place for meetings, contacts and exchanges of information in the magical atmosphere of Krakow, one of the best destinations for business tour- ism. It is thanks to these assets that this year’s trade fair will involve more than 170 companies. Along with Polish Exhibitors there will be 90 for- eign companies from the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Switzerland, UK, Italy, and even China and Brazil presenting their achievements. Second, KOMPOZYT-EXPO ® creates trends The KOMPOZYT-EXPO ® Trade Fair is a large and excellent platform for the exchange of information but apart from your chance to establish valuable business contacts you will also be able to par- ticipate in a carefully planned knowledge-based programme, in which you will certainly become convinced that those who call composites the material of the future do not exaggerate at all. This year’s Trade Fair will also see the first presentation in Poland of the latest invention by the Leichtbau- Zentrum Sachsen GmbH and ThyssenKrupp AG engineers, who will try to persuade us that their super ecological car InEco ® Concept, made of ultra-light composite materials such as carbon fibre and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is really the future of the motor industry. And this is not the only composite vehicle that you will be able to admire at the two-day trade fair. A single electric micro-vehicle for use in urban space, made by Innovative Mobility Automotive (IMA), together with some of the leading suppliers in the automotive industry, will be also presented in Krakow this year. Its world premiere took place in March 2013 during the prestigious Motor Show Trade Fair in Geneva. And last but not least of our attractions is the hull of a boat powered by solar energy, made by CREE YACHT for the next year’s World Cup Dong Energy 2014 in the Netherlands. The hull is made of carbon fibre with spacers in infusion technology. Third, expert knowledge The Trade Fair will be accompanied by an exten- sive programme of seminars and lectures by the experts from Poland and abroad, who will discuss the issues related to the use of active thermog- raphy in non-destructive testing of composites, modern technologies based on the use of closed mould resins and their application in the pultru- sion process, the use of TPT (thin ply technology) technology in the manufacture of composites, as well as the light and fire-resistant composites. Fourth, mini factory and two-metre tall com- posite heart One of the unquestionable highlights of this year’s trade fair will be a special demonstration area which, thanks to the efforts of six companies – ALLCOMP Poland Sp. z o.o., C-L Sp. z o.o., MASTERMODEL, PHOENIX Equipment Poland, SAMAR and KauPoSil – will present the com- plete process of creating composite moulds from design to a finished product. In addition, each visitor will witness the extraordinary process of making a huge composite heart, nearly 2 meters tall, along with several smaller ones, which will be then decorated and presented to the Founda- tion of the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity for the 22 nd grand finale concert. Fifth, composites life art gallery The fourth KOMOZYT-EXPO ® trade fair will also host an extraordinary exhibition of things made of composites. The Composite Life Art Gallery will present items of general interest made from the materials that our exhibitors manufacture, distrib- ute or have a share in the production of. This new initiative will help to demonstrate to the public the role that the composites industry plays in our everyday life in a simple and understandable way. We hope to see you at KOMPOZYT-EXPO ® in Krakow The KOMPOZYT-EXPO ® Team A two-metre tall heart made of composites… … a car of the future and other attractions at KOMPOZYT-EXPO ® 2013 Photo: Targi w Krakowie 3/2013 BULLETIN kompozyt-expo ® Publisher: Targi w Krakowie Sp. z o.o. 21-22 November 2013, Krakow, Poland

KOMPOZYT-EXPO Trade Fairs Bulletin #3

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How do composites contribute to the development of the world? What will be presented by the exhibitors during the KOMPOZYT-EXPO Trade Fairs? You can find the answers to these important questions and other related information in the third KOMPOZYT-EXPO Bulletin.

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Page 1: KOMPOZYT-EXPO Trade Fairs Bulletin #3

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An enormous, ultra-light, super-durable and incredibly capacious composite heart will be built during this season of the KOMPOZYT-EXPO® Trade Fair; it will serve as a money box for the finale of the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity 2014 that will take place in Krakow. A super-ecological car – InEco® Concept – made of ultra-light composite materials. And yet another surprise for car lovers: a single – seat “Colibri” micro-car – economic, comfortable and safe for urban use.

Ladies and Gentlemen, the most significant event in the composites industry in Central and Eastern Europe – KOMPOZYT-EXPO® – is almost upon us. We hope to see you in Krakow on 21-22 Novem-ber 2013, for at least these important reasons:

First, the international rank of the FairThe event, organized for the fourth time by Targi w Krakowie, has developed into its own brand at remarkable speed, having won the recognition of the industry in Poland and in the foreign markets. This is your opportunity to see the presentation of news from the world of composites at this great place for meetings, contacts and exchanges of information in the magical atmosphere of Krakow, one of the best destinations for business tour-ism. It is thanks to these assets that this year’s trade fair will involve more than 170 companies. Along with Polish Exhibitors there will be 90 for-eign companies from the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Switzerland, UK, Italy, and even China and Brazil presenting their achievements.

Second, KOMPOZYT-EXPO® creates trendsThe KOMPOZYT-EXPO® Trade Fair is a large and excellent platform for the exchange of information but apart from your chance to establish valuable business contacts you will also be able to par-ticipate in a carefully planned knowledge-based programme, in which you will certainly become convinced that those who call composites the material of the future do not exaggerate at all. This year’s Trade Fair will also see the first presentation

in Poland of the latest invention by the Leichtbau-Zentrum Sachsen GmbH and ThyssenKrupp AG engineers, who will try to persuade us that their super ecological car InEco® Concept, made of ultra-light composite materials such as carbon fibre and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is really the future of the motor industry. And this is not the only composite vehicle that you will be able to admire at the two-day trade fair. A single electric micro-vehicle for use in urban space, made by Innovative Mobility Automotive (IMA), together with some of the leading suppliers in the automotive industry, will be also presented in Krakow this year. Its world premiere took place in March 2013 during the prestigious Motor Show Trade Fair in Geneva. And last but not least of our attractions is the hull of a boat powered by solar energy, made by CREE YACHT for the next year’s World Cup Dong Energy 2014 in the Netherlands. The hull is made of carbon fibre with spacers in infusion technology.

Third, expert knowledgeThe Trade Fair will be accompanied by an exten-sive programme of seminars and lectures by the experts from Poland and abroad, who will discuss the issues related to the use of active thermog-raphy in non-destructive testing of composites, modern technologies based on the use of closed mould resins and their application in the pultru-sion process, the use of TPT (thin ply technology) technology in the manufacture of composites, as well as the light and fire-resistant composites.

Fourth, mini factory and two-metre tall com-posite heartOne of the unquestionable highlights of this year’s trade fair will be a special demonstration area which, thanks to the efforts of six companies – ALLCOMP Poland Sp. z o.o., C-L Sp. z o.o., MASTERMODEL, PHOENIX Equipment Poland, SAMAR and KauPoSil – will present the com-plete process of creating composite moulds from design to a finished product. In addition, each visitor will witness the extraordinary process of making a huge composite heart, nearly 2 meters tall, along with several smaller ones, which will be then decorated and presented to the Founda-tion of the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity for the 22nd grand finale concert.

Fifth, composites life art galleryThe fourth KOMOZYT-EXPO® trade fair will also host an extraordinary exhibition of things made of composites. The Composite Life Art Gallery will present items of general interest made from the materials that our exhibitors manufacture, distrib-ute or have a share in the production of. This new initiative will help to demonstrate to the public the role that the composites industry plays in our everyday life in a simple and understandable way.

We hope to see you at KOMPOZYT-EXPO® in Krakow The KOMPOZYT-EXPO® Team

A two-metre tall heart made of composites…… a car of the future and other attractions at KOMPOZYT-EXPO® 2013

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Publisher: Targi w Krakowie Sp. z o.o.

21-22 November 2013, Krakow, Poland

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BRENNTAG POLSKA Sp. z o.o.

Brenntag Polska – leading distributor of commodities, polymers and chemicals for polymer processing.Our products: fumed silica, light fillers and artificial fibres, white and grey cellulosic fibres; wood plastics compounds, acetal solvents and strip pers, methacrylic monomers, catalyst and hardener compounds, nanosilver and carbon nanotubes, raw materials for thermoplastic comosites, materials for rubber-ther-moplast composites, epoxy systems. More at www.brenntag.pl

ATASZEK F.H.ACRALOCK – the highest technology of methacrylic adhesives in the world. Acralock adhesives are designed for bonding metals, plastics and composites. The quality of each batch is equally high and has the same properties and stable parameters. There is minimal or no need of surface preparation. Reduced print through, less post finish work. We have no Styrene and high molecular weight MMA inside our formulation. More at www.acralock.pl.

NEDERMAN POLSKA Sp. z o.o.

Nederman is a leading supplier of products, systems and services in the environmental technology sector focusing on industrial air filtration and recycling. The company’s solu-tions are contributing to reducing the environ-mental effects from industrial production, to creating clean and safe working environments and to boosting production efficiency. Nederman offers everything from the design stage through to installation, commission-ing and servicing. Sales are carried out via subsidiaries in 29 countries and agents and distributors in over 30 countries. Nederman develops and produces in its own manufac-turing and assembly units in Europe, North America and Asia.

UNIMARKET KOMPOZYTYWe are representative of Mäder-Group, a leading European manufacturer of industrial composite coating. We offer support new technologies in the production of fire retardant laminates. Our target is to provide complete modern systems (materials and technology) for companies producing for the rolling stock. We offer flame retardant certificate systems, both resins, gel coats and high-quality paint surface specially adapted taking into ac-count individual client requirements, both in terms of processing methods and the country of destination. Completly fire retardant Systems (resin-gelcoat-paint) for rolling stock in many European countries as well as CEN 45545. We invite to the stand E4.

TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT CHEMNITZThe Federal Cluster of Excellence MERGE provides new technologies for the resource-efficient mass-production of lightweight structures with high functional density. Manu-facturing processes that are cur-rently discrete for different groups of materials have to be merged through fusion and interlinking. The focus is on the manufacturing of tailored hybrid composites with an optimal combination of metallic, polymeric and functionalised textile compo-nents. Participating institutions: Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fraunhofer Institutes IWU and ENAS and textile-related institutes STFI and CETEX.

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WACKER CHEMIE AGWacker is a supplier of HDK® pyrogenic silica, a well-es-tablished material manufactured by Wacker for over 40 years and successfully used by many customers worldwide. Due to our integrated production system with its statistical process control and highly efficient reactor dynamics, the pyrogenic silica we produce is very pure and ensures excellent performance in all applications.

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EKOMER S. J.RESYSTA – THE FUTURE MATERIAL Already today, Resysta meets tomorrow´s technical and ecological demands. Owing to the high durability and sustainability Resysta offers, completely new applications are po-ssible. The fibre reinforced hybrid material is produced of approx. 60% rice husks, approx. 22% common salt and approx. 18% mineral oil, which makes it both environmentally friendly as well as extremely weather resi-stant against sun, rain, snow or salt water. At the same time, Resysta requires minimal care and offers the look and feel of wood. Water resistant surfaces with the look of wood are Resysta´s future.

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CREE YACHTCree Yacht - design and construction office of advanced components manufactured in composites. As a few combine design and technology of matching the element and the possibility of a future producer. Wide range of services allows us to build your project from concept to final testing and implementation.

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CompetenceCentre of Lightweight Structures (SLB) e. V.The Competence Centre of Lightweight Structures e. V. is an interdisciplinary in-stitute. The focus is on coupling classical textile technologies with high-tech solu-tions for high performance composites. Electrically conductive wires are positioned by embroidery technique on textile or non--woven fabric and can be used as sensors for measurement of strain, temperature and humidity. This textile sensors enables the direct integration into composite structures to operate as condition monitoring or direct material control system.

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Silesian Science and Technology Centre of Aviation Industry LtdIn the second half of 2012 the Silesian Science and Technology Centre of Aviation Industry Ltd began its operation in Poland. The Centre is focused on designing, manufacturing and testing of composite struc-tures and consists of two basic components:• COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LABORATORY that designs and produces complete composite structures or

their components by autoclave technology.• MATERIALS RESEARCH LABORATORY, whose range of research includes the static and fatigue tests of

complete constructions or their components.

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SAFILIN Sp. z o.o.Selecting from each crop the very best flax fibers since 1778, SAFILIN is the European leader in the flax spinning.For reinforcements in bio-based com-posites SAFILIN has developed a spe-cific range (from TEX 105 to TEX 2000) of FLAX LOW-TWIST ROVINGS, ensu-ring the ideal compromise between strength of the dry material and a high level of resin impregnation.As a result mechanical performances are increased by 30% when using these flax low-twist rovings in weaving fabrics: either unidirectional, bidirectional or multiaxial, or in pultrusion and filament winding.SAFILIN has been twice the partner of JEC AWARD winners with INNOBAT (2011) and NOTTHINGHAM UNI-VERSITY (2013), as the supplier of the flax low-twist roving.This year KAIROS in France has built the first trimaran basing exclusively on flax fibers (without glass or carbon fibers), thanks to the SAFILIN flax low-twist roving.

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MASTERMODEL FHU Our company specialize in manufacturing composite elements in LRTM technology for ventilation units and systems, medical devices, automotive industry, sport equip-ment, energetics etc. We can also provide technical support for implementing LRTM technology, products design as well as sup-port in creating LRTM molds and composite elements.

ELMAT TRADINGCutting tools in composities processing. The company ELMAT, as the exclusive distribu-tor of well-known European manufacturers of tools, for a several years has delivered on the market professional cutting tools. There are mainly solid carbide end mills and electro-plated diamond tools produced in a unique vacuums technology in temperature 1600°C.The largest customers of these tools are producers of plastics materials, composites materials reinforced glass fibre, coal etc., aluminium and layers plates type the Dibond, Honey Comb etc., laminates and epoxy resins, phenols plates, conglomerates engemired quartz-granite & marble etc. Keeping the large store-house of tools we are able to deliver almost every tool in 24h. Having the experts’ group of engineers with practical knowledge and polytechnical theory knowledge of cut-ting & CNC processing, we are ready to give the customer techinical support in the optimal choice of tools for different applications.

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FIBERCHECK GmbHFiberCheck GmbH is the result of an in-terdisciplinary cooperation of innovation oriented research teams at the Technis-che Universität Chemnitz.FiberCheck GmbH develops a sensor system for continuous detection and monitoring of damages within fiber composite.FiberCheck helps eliminate disruptions by constantly monitoring the status of ro-tor blades. This will not only cut costs of maintenance and repairs, minimize downtime and reduce the probability of total breakdowns, it will also open up additional profit potential due to ice detection and optimal pitch setting.

OXYTOP Sp. z o.o.

For two decades, we have been producing organic peroxides for copolymerization of unsaturated polyester resins. We do it with passion and great commitment, obtaining high-quality products. Although we know a lot on peroxides, we are developing the culture of continuous improvement. True humility to nature’s laws enables us to create products of high purity. While the products we produce will never be environmentally friendly, we select the components with much attention to minimize the risk they pose. We surround our plant with greenery to prove that the highly complex chemistry can co-exist with nature. Numerous certifications confirm the validity of our philosophy. We invite you to visit our website at www.oxytop.pl

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MONIT SHM Sp. z o.o. MONIT SHM Sp. z o.o. is a company, which main task is to transfer technologies devel-oped by researchers to the industry. In our of-fer we have innovative solutions in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM). Our systems raise the standard of security and allow for quicker and more accurate detection of defects and damages in composite, metallic or ceramic structures.

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LSE LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES ENGINEERING GmbHThe LSE-GmbH offers a complete service chain from the calculation and simulation through to the finished component. The Competences:• calculation and design of high performance composites, development of multi-functional lightweight

composite structures, production of textile sensor systems, development and construction of tests and test stations,

• special equipment for high-performance fiber-reinforced plastic components and treatment,• development and production of tools and devices for fiber composite technology,• fiber-reinforced hybrid components.

TROTON Sp. z o.o.TROTON offer addressed to the com-posites industry includes polishing compounds in BRAYT brand as well as putties and paints SEA-LINE. Polishing compounds are designed for the forms and for finished products.  We would like to invite you to the stand E2 (TROTON) at the to 5th KOMPOZYT-EXPO® , where we will conduct the demonstrations of BRAYT polishing compounds.

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SILSPEK RUBBER SILSPEK Rubber is a representative of Wacker®, the leading manufacturer of silicone compounds. In our broad range of products we offer RTV silicones for mold making, printing pads and rollers, insulators, silicones for use in electronics, food industry, au-tomotive and medical fields. We are able to prepare a mix, weighing from 1 kg. Having constant busi-ness relations, we deliver the goods within 48 hours. In our own laboratory, we also test silicone com-pounds supplied by customers.

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Micro-e-car „Colibri” at KOMPOZYT-EXPO®

The single-seat micro-e-car “Colibri” – a cost-efficient, comfortable and safe solu-tion for metropolitan areas – another sur-prise for car lovers at KOMPOZYT-EXPO® 2013.

This single-seat, light weight electrical vehicle can achieve a top speed of 120 km/h. The small battery, which offers a range of 110 km, can be charged within two hours at a regular household socket. The prototype made by Innovative Mobili-ty Automotive (IMA) in collaboration with a consortium of automotive suppliers will be presented at KOMPOZYT-EXPO®.

Composite heart beats strong!

The KOMPOZYT-EXPO® exhibitors - All-comp Polska Sp. z o.o., C-L Sp. z o.o., Mastermodel FHU, Phoenix Equipment Polska, KauPoSil PPHU Tomasz Cieślak, SAMAR – made the composite hearts for the charity organization Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity!Nine little hearts have been signed by celebrities during the 17th Book Fair in Krakow. The hearts will be put on the Great Orchestra 2014 charity auc-tion to help raise money for children. But that’s not all – a big heart-shaped composite money-box will be made to serve the Great Orquestra for many years to come.

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Join us at Linked www.linkedin.com/in/kompozytexpo

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IntroductionComposites combine various constituent ma-terials that are combined to produce desired physical properties. It is widely accepted that composites are materials for the 21st century. Modern engineering structures make a use of composites due to high strength and stiff-ness, low weight and good fatigue life. The properties of these materials can be com-bined with the benefits of design freedom of-fered by enormous variations in composition and reinforcement. Application of composites are widespread and include examples of large structures such as airplanes or wind turbines, medium size structures such as cars or boats and various smaller structural elements (e.g. shafts, beams, plates). It is inevitable that the application of composites and wider use of damage-tolerant design concepts will require reliable methods for quality control and dam-age monitoring to maintain structural integrity. Recent years have shown a number of new, ad-vanced technologies that can be used for dam-age detection in composites structures. Some research laboratory developments are ready for field applications. This is particularly relevant to vibrothermography and laser vibrometry. Other methods - such as nonlinear acoustics - offer the potential for future applications.

VibrothermographyThermography is a family of Nondestructive Testing (NDT) methods based on temperature measurements to reveal structural damage. All thermographic methods can be divided into two major groups, i.e. passive and active ap-proaches. Passive methods rely on temperature measurements without introducing any external excitation. These methods are typically quali-tative and provide global information on po-tential anomalies. In contrast, active methods require external or internal excitation and pro-vide enough sensitivity for NDT applications. Vibrothermography is a special deployment of active thermography that uses mechanical vi-bration excitation. The principle of operation of the method can be described as follows: peri-odic stress waves introduced to a test structure cause energy dissipation at discontinuities (e.g. delaminations, cracks) by conversion of me-chanical energy into thermal energy generating heat. Thus, the heat source in vibrothermogra-phy, unlike in other thermographic techniques,

is the discontinuity itself, which makes the identification of defects simpler. Heat gener-ated at discontinuities propagates to the surface where the temperature change is measured by a sensitive infrared camera. The process is il-lustrated schematically in Figure 1

Figure 1. Vibrothermography – principle of operation.

Vibrothermography is very well suited for mate-rials with intermediate thermal diffusivity values (the ratio of thermal conductivity to mass density and specific heat capacity of a material) as for example carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, experimental testing was performed on a lay-ered composite plate made of carbon epoxy prepreg. The ply stacking sequence was [0,45,-45,0]. The plate has been damaged in a with low velocity impact event which resulted in matrix and fiber cracking in the vicinity of the impact location. The measurement was performed with the vibrothermographic test system from MONIT SHM company. Ultrasonic excitation at 35 kHz was delivered to the structure for 3 seconds at 20% maximum output power of the amplifier.

The data was post processed using the Ther-moAnalysis software from MONIT SHM com-pany. Figure 2 left presents the thermal image acquired before applying ultrasonic excitation and Figure 2 right presents the thermal image acquired 3 seconds after applying ultrasonic excitation. The damaged area can be clearly identified on the right image.

Laser VibrometryIn thin plate-like structures elastic waves can propagate in the form of Lamb waves and the methods making use of these type of guided waves are one of the most often proposed local methods in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Typically the excitation and acquisition of Lamb waves is done with piezoceramic transducers. A drawback of this approach is that a signifi-cant number of actuator/sensor transducers are required for monitoring large structures. This is labor intensive, slow and costly. From the logistic point of view, it is not practical to cover an aircraft or wind turbine with many thousands of bonded or embedded transducers. Therefore laser vi-brometry becomes increasingly popular. Laser vibrometers can overcome many difficulties as-sociated with Lamb wave damage detection tech-niques. Figure 3 illustrates the application of a non-contact, multi-point scanning laser vibrom-eter for structural damage detection. Lamb waves from a piezoceramic transducer are sensed using a scanning laser vibrometer. The scanning vibro-meter covers the complete optically-accessible surface with a high density of sample points. At each sample point, the out of plane vibration is measured. Using three scanning heads simulta-neously the measurement of in-plane vibration components is also possible. These measure-

Healthy Composite StructuresAdvanced Damage Detection Technology for Composite StructuresŁukasz Pieczonka1, Andrzej Klepka1, Mariusz Szwedo2, Wiesław J. Staszewski1, Tadeusz Uhl11 AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland2 MONIT SHM LLC, Ul. Lublańska 34, 31-476 Krakow, Poland

Figure 2. Vibrothermographic measurement results – thermal image acquired before applying ultrasonic ex-citation (left) and thermal image acquired 3 seconds after applying ultrasonic excitation (right), the damage can be clearly identified.

t = 0 sec t = 3 sec

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ments are assembled and visualized for easier interpretation of the results.

Figure 3. Test setup for scanning laser vibrometer based Lamb wave measurements.

Example of damage detected in a compos-ite specimen using Lamb wave monitoring is shown in Figure 4. A layered composite prepreg plate of 2 mm thickness was excited by wave packets generated by a piezoceramic transducer operating at 100 kHz central frequency. Vibration signals were acquired by the Polytec PSV-400 scanning laser vibrometer system. These results show that structural damage can be identified clearly by locally increased out of plane vibra-tion amplitude (e.g. delamination in Figure 4).

Nonlinear AcousticsIn the recent years there has been a significant growth of interest in non-linear, vibro-acoustic damage detection methods. The reason for this interest is higher sensitivity of these methods, compared to their linear counterparts. Non-linear damage detection methods are based on com-pletely different phenomena than linear tech-niques. Classical linear methods are based on the well-known laws of physics related to reflection, scattering, attenuation or mode conversion of ul-trasonic waves propagating in media. However, these methods can detect and localize relatively large damage severities that are comparable with wavelengths . Non-linear vibro-acoustic methods are based on completely different phenomenon. One of the common features of many non-linear

methods is the assumption of a non-linear form of the Hook’s law due to damage. The non-linear form of Hook’s law causes a distortion in a sig-nal response of structure excited harmonically by acoustic wave. Various nonlinear features can be observed in ultrasonic responses as a result of damage-related nonlinear phenomena. Exam-ples of these features include: higher and sub-harmonics generation, modulations, modulation transfer, hysteretic behavior, memory effects or energy dissipation. Non-linear acoustics is particularly attractive for contact-type damage detection such as fatigue cracking or delamina-

tions. The principle of one of the nonlinear dam-age detection method (vibro-acoustic modula-tion technique) is presented in Figure 5.

Two excitations are introduced to the structure si-multaneously (as illustrated in Figure 5a). When monitored structures are intact or undamaged, spectra of signal response exhibit only the two major frequency components corresponding to

propagating ultrasonic wave and low frequency excitation (Figure 5b). When monitored struc-tures are damaged, spectra of response signals contain additionally sidebands around the main ultrasonic component (Figure 5c). The number of sidebands and their amplitude depends on the intensity of modulation and strongly relates to damage severity. Another example of nonlinear damage detection method can be Local Defect Resonance technique. The main assumption of the LDR method is that structural damage has a characteristic resonant frequency associated with it. The knowledge of this resonant frequency,

being a function of damage size and geometry, can be utilized to reveal the location of damage in a nonlinear acoustics test. In practice, when a structure is excited with a single-harmonic signal at frequency corresponding to the LDR frequency, the amplitude level of higher harmonics in meas-ured response spectra increases dramatically near damage location. Spatial mapping of meas-ured spectral amplitudes, at frequencies equal to higher harmonics of LDR frequency, allows one to find damage location. An example of damage imaging in a layered composite plate based on the LDR technique is presented in Figure 6.

Figure 6.Results of the LDR imaging test. Spatial dis-tribution of the vibration amplitudes for damage reso-nance.

SummaryThe article has demonstrated various advanced methods that can be used for quality inspection and damage detection in composite structures. These methods utilize non-contact temperature, ultrasound and vibration measurements. The meth-ods presented are relatively straight forward and can be used to visualize potential manufacturing defects and structural damage due to operation.

Figure 4. Results of a scanning laser vibrometer based Lamb wave damage detection. RMS amplitude con-tour map (left) with amplitude profiles across delami-nations for 100 kHz out of plane vibration (right).

Figure 5. The principle of nonlinear vibro–acoustic wave modulation technique: (a) schematic diagram il-lustrating the method; (b) power spectrum of response signal for undamaged structure; (c) power spectrum of response signal for damaged structure.

Page 12: KOMPOZYT-EXPO Trade Fairs Bulletin #3

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PROGRAMME OF THE KOMPOZYT-EXPO®

21.11.2013, Thursday

LECTURE SESSIONS11:30-12:00 Manufacture and laboratory tests of composite pedestrian bridge, Piotr Świeżewski, Mos-

tostal Warszawa S.A.12:15-13:15 Composite high-pressure vessels for biogas storage in a key project of Innovative Economy

Operational Programme, dr inż. Michał Barcikowski, dr inż. Wojciech Błażejewski, Politech-nika Wrocławska

13:30-14:30 High Quality Dow Epoxy Products for Composite Applications, Toine Dinnissen, Dow Chemical Company

PRODUCT PRESENTATION AREA10:00-10:30 Active thermography for non-destructive composites testing, dr inż. Aleksandra Bogdan -

Włodek, Silesian Science and Technology Centre of Aviation Industry Ltd.10:30-11:00 Introduction of thin ply technology (TPT) in composites manufacturing, Corvin Huber, Sile-

sian Science and Technology Centre of Aviation Industry Ltd.11:10-12:10 Evaluation of composite structures has never been easier! Innovative non-destructive test-

ing techniques, Sebastian Kopycki, Piotr Hellstein, MONIT SHM Sp. z o.o.12:20-12:35 Avoid common mistakes by making fire resistant (Railway) composites to pass the tough

certification tests, Paul Wartenweiler BU Manager Composites Walter Mäder AG, Michael Ruppik Mäder Aqualack AG

12:35-12:50 Mäder strategies allow closed mould production of large fire resistant composites, Paul Wartenweiler BU Manager Composites Walter Mäder AG, Michael Ruppik Mäder Aqualack AG

12:50-13:05 Lightweight, fire resistant Composites, Paul Wartenweiler BU Manager Composites Walter Mäder AG, Michael Ruppik Mäder Aqualack AG

13:05-13:20 Other Mäder Innovations: innovative new resin technologies for closed mould and pultru-sion applications, high strenght concepts for structural applications, Antigraffiti solutions, Paul Wartenweiler BU Manager Composites Walter Mäder AG, Michael Ruppik Mäder Aqualack AG

13:30-14:30 Polyurethane pultrusion, Filip Štusak, GDP KORAL s.r.o.

22.11.2013, Friday

LECTURE SESSIONS10:00-14:15 Lectures of Central European Composite Cluster

PRODUCT PRESENTATION AREA10:00-11:00 FlexMolding process, Magnum Venus Polska11:10-12:10 Avoid common mistakes by making fire resistant (Railway) composites to pass the tough

certification tests, Paul Wartenweiler BU Manager Composites Walter Mäder AG, Michael Ruppik Mäder Aqualack AG

11:25-11:40 Mäder strategies allow closed mould production of large fire resistant composites, Paul Wartenweiler BU Manager Composites Walter Mäder AG, Michael Ruppik Mäder Aqualack AG

11:40-11:55 Lightweight, fire resistant Composites, Paul Wartenweiler BU Manager Composites Walter Mäder AG, Michael Ruppik Mäder Aqualack AG

11:55-12:10 Other Mäder Innovations: innovative new resin technologies for closed mould and pultru-sion applications, high strenght concepts for structural applications, Antigraffiti solutions, Paul Wartenweiler BU Manager Composites Walter Mäder AG, Michael Ruppik Mäder Aqualack AG

12:20-13:20 High Quality Dow Epoxy Products for Composite Applications, Toine Dinnissen, Dow Chemical Company

13:30-14:30 Evaluation of composite structures has never been easier! Innovative non-destructive test-ing techniques, Sebastian Kopycki, Piotr Hellstein, MONIT SHM Sp. z o.o.

14:40-15:40 Polyurethane pultrusion, Filip Štusak, GDP KORAL s.r.o.

Important details:Organization Office:

Targi w Krakowie Sp. z o.o.

31-586 Krakow, Centralna 41a

ph.: +4812 651 90 28

fax: +4812 644 61 41

Dorota Gurgul

Project Manager KOMPOZYT-EXPO®

mobile: +48 501 691 233

e-mail: [email protected]

Elżbieta NowakowskaProject Manager Assistantph.: +48 12 651 90 16e-mail: [email protected]

Marcin Bugajski – Technical Manager

mobile: +48 509 496 639

e-mail: [email protected]

Internet registration:www.kompozyty.krakow.pl

Hotel booking:ph.: +4812 651 90 15

e-mail: [email protected]

Opening hours:Nov. 21, 2013, 9 am - 5 pm

Nov. 22, 2013, 9 am - 4 pm

Exhibition Areas:Fair in Krakow Exhibition Center

Centralna 41A, Krakow, Poland

Tickets:- Standard ticket - 40 PLN- Registration at the Trade Fair - 25 PLN- Internet pre-registration - 20 PLN

Exhibition’sPartner

Press patronageBusiness patronage

Cooperation

Honorary partonageMinister of Economy - Janusz PiechocińskiGovernor of the Province of Malopolska - Jerzy MillerMarshal of the Assembly of the Province of Malopolska - Marek SowaPresident of the City of Krakow - Jacek Majchrowski