35
Kocho Koroni Bornobinyas Tura, 2009

Kocho Koroni Bornobinyas - SIL International fileiii PREFACE The present “Koch Spelling Guide” is a result of the continuous efforts directed towards preservation and development

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��������’’’’ ���� ������ ���� ������ ���� ������ ���� ������ Kocho Koroni

Bornobinyas

Tura, 2009

��������’’’’ ���� ������ ���� ������ ���� ������ ���� ������ Kocho Koroni Bornobinyas

(Koch Spelling Guide)

By:

Kausalya D. Harigya

Debojit Koch

Alexander Kondakov

��’ ���� ������

Kocho Koroni Bornobinyas

(Koch Spelling Guide)

Published by: SIL International

2009

First edition Price: Rs. 30 only Copyright © SIL International

i

������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��’’’’ ��� ����� ������ ����� ��’ ������ ���। �� ������ �����

��’ ���� ����� ��’, �������� ������� ����� ��’ ����� �� �

�� ����� Fr. Wyld’s Retreat & Training Centre, Old

Mission Compound, Tezpur PAJHRA (NGO)-�� ����

��!���� ��’ Summer Institute of Linguistics

International (SIL) orthography research workshop on

Adivasi languages-�� ������� ����� !����� ������ "�#�� $���

��’ ��%’ ����&� ����� !����� '� $� ����� �� �। SIL-�� �(��� "�#�� ��� ��� ��’ ��%’ ������� ������� ���!� ��� � ��’ ����’ ������� ����� !� � )�� ��’ ��*���� �+�����

workshop ��� ���� ,��� ����+ -. -01 ���%��2 ��� �� 0334 ��� �� ����’ ����� �� �।

���� �� ����� ����' ������� "�� ��� � SIL-��

consultant �� ����� Dr. Warren Glover and Mrs.

Jessie Glover (Australia), Liza Guts (Russia), Kent and Sandy Gordon (USA), Alexander Kondakov

(Russia) ��’ 6%�"�72 ��’ �� ��� ��8�����!��� ��9 Samhita

Bharadwaj, Luke Horo and Lucky Dey ��’ �� 4 ������

workshop ���!����� ��!���� ��’ �������� :���� �������

������, �����!���, ���� ��� "�#�� ���� PAJHRA (NGO)-���’ ������ �������� "�# �। ��’ ���� ��’ ��%’ ������� �����

!�� ������ "�#�� ���� ���� Meghalaya Koch Association

ii

��’ Koch Krorang Mathop-�� ��� "��� ���!� ����� ��’ �������� "�# �।

�� ����� ����� ���� %�&���� ����� ������� "�#�� !����� ���!� ������ ������ ��’ "�#��� ��� ���!����� !�'��।

������+��। ���� � ����

iii

PREFACE The present “Koch Spelling Guide” is a result

of the continuous efforts directed towards preservation and development of the Koch language. For the past two or three decades attempts have been made by various Koch individuals to represent their mother tongue in writing. A few periodicals came into existence in addition to sporadic individual writings. On the whole, however, the Koch writing system has remained by and large unsystematic due to lack of linguistic endeavours on the one hand and the extreme diversity of the Koch dialects on the other.

For the past year our main efforts have been made in order to systemize and standardize the Koch writing. The work was culminated at the Research workshop on Adivasi Languages organized by PAJHRA (NGO) in collaboration with the SIL International in January 2009 at Tezpur, Assam. Prior to this there have been meetings and discussions with many Koch speakers regarding spelling issues for which I am very thankful. I am especially grateful to Kausalya D. Harigya and Debojit Koch who took an active part in the above mentioned workshop and due to whose diligent efforts this book took its present shape.

iv

The “Koch Spelling Guide” is not a complete work per se. Rather it represents a proposal for writing Koch based on the intuition of the native speakers and the linguistic expertise. It is an open-ended project and there will always be room for discussion.

It was found practical to use both the Assamese and Roman scripts in the present guide. In doing so, we make it available to the wide range of potential users.

I trust that this work will serve to benefit the Koch community and the development of their language.

Alexander Kondakov

SIL International

v

�%��%��%��%� Towa )�� Sworborno 1

��;�� Byonjonborno 1

$�� ����� �+��� Dhar Rekni Akhorrong 2

���� :������ �+��� Adek Phangatni Akhorrong 2

)���� '��"��� Sworbornoni Udahoronrong 3

��;���� '��"��� Byonjonbornoni Udahoronrong 3

)���� � �������� ������ Sworbornoni Jõrapakni

Hurangrong 6

��;��� � �������� ������ Byonjonbornoni Jõrapakni

Hurangrong 7

<+�� ����� Songkha Sukni 9

���� ����� ������ Hurang Sukni Niyomrong 11

��’ ����� Koro Chasang 13

����� ����� "�# � Gesek kircha haõjok 24

1

)��)��)��)�� Sworborno

, � ,( � ' � # O o A a Ãã I i U u E e Õ õ � �� �( �� �� �� ��� ko ka kã ki ku ke kõ

��;�� ��;�� ��;�� ��;�� Byonjonborno

� + � = � K k Kh kh G g Gh gh Ng ng � � > -

Ch ch S s J j Jh jh - � � � $ �

T t Th th D d Dh dh N n � : � ? �

P p Ph ph B b Bh bh M m � � ! % "

Y y R r L l W w H h

2

$�� ����� �+���$�� ����� �+���$�� ����� �+���$�� ����� �+���

Dhar Rekni Akhorrong1

@ A B C D I i U u Ri ri Oi oi Ou ou

7 E F G H I T t Th

th D d Dh

dh N n Ñ ñ J j

J K L FM GM - Kh kh

S s S s S s R r R r -

���� :������ �+������� :������ �+������� :������ �+������� :������ �+���

Adek Phangatni Akhorrong

’ N ◌< : ◌Q ◌R । ’/o t ng h . 1 ������ "�#�� )�� ��’ ��*���� :������ ���� �+����� ������ �+��� "��� $�� ������� ����� �’�। Piraye haõni sworborno aro byonjonbornoni phangatni adek akhorrongna Assamese akhorni haton dhar rekimung sukni do’a.

3

)���� '��"���)���� '��"���)���� '��"���)���� '��"��� Sworbornoni Udahoronrong

, O o ,�� okot �� time

� A a ���� akuk :��< grass-hopper

,( à ã ,(%�� ãwai ���� grand-mother

� I i �!�� iluk � �� leech

' U u '7 ut '7 camel

� E e �&� enda ����!� enda worm

# Õ õ #� õk ��7 stomach

��;���� '��"�����;���� '��"�����;���� '��"�����;���� '��"���

Byonjonbornoni Udahoronrong

� K k ���% kawi ��&� monkey

+ Kh kh

+��-�S�

khoyto-bleng

��!��! bulbul

� G g ��’ gogo �� dao

4

= Gh gh

=� ghoy ����! betel nut

� Ng ng

��� rang ��L� rain

� Ch ch

��� chak "�� hand

� S s ��� soka ������ cloth

J j � T-:�!

jepphal ����2 hand fan

> Jh jh

�>U� jhingga �?�& ladies’ fingers

� T t ��'�� tauti �2 egg

� Th th

��!�� thelay � ?� tongue

� D d V:�� duphut �� snake

$ Dh dh

$���� dharai ��"� ��72

bamboo mat

� N n ���-���

nangret �W moon

5

� P p ������ pan-chung

�E�! jack fruit

: Ph ph

:� pha ��Q� tooth

� B b ��X� bantok ������ brinjal

? Bh bh

�?�� bheda �?7- :�!

water lily

� M m

���� moyra ���� peacock

� Y y ���� tiya ?��7( parrot

� R r ����� rasan YI� sun

! L l �!%�� lewak �?��!2 frog

% W w

%��� wasi ��E�� axe

" H h ���� hu-chung

��� tortoise

6

)���� )���� )���� )���� � �� �� �� �������� ������ ������� ������ ������� ������ ������� ������ Sworbornoni Jõrapakni

Hurangrong

,� oy =� ghoy ����! betel nut

�� ai ��� chai ���%� to look

�� ay ��� chay ��� song

�' au ��' tau ���� bird

�# aõ ��# taõ ��� hot

'� ui ��� bui ����� book

�� ei ����� eibar ����� this time

7

��;��� ��;��� ��;��� ��;��� � �� �� �� �������� ������ ������� ������ ������� ������ ������� ������ Byonjonbornoni Jõrapakni

Hurangrong

Z khr "�-��Z�

ha-bakhra

+�!2 ����

waste-land

[ gr %�-[(�

wa-grãm

��"��-��

bam-boo forest

9 tr �!9� letra �!��-��

dirty

\ dr �\� godra ���2-�� �����2

wild cat

& nd �&�� kondam !�E2 stick

X nt ��X� bantok ������ brinjal

] pp "]� hoppa ��! skin

^ pr "��^� hapreng �+� straw

_ br ��_� debra ��#Q left

8

S bl +���S�

khoyto-bleng

��!��! bulbul

` mb a`� rumba �?�-��

inside

� rt ��� sorta ����! �7� �7��2

betel nut cutter

b ll ��b� gella ����-!�

bitter gourd

c nch ��c� kon-cheng

>�a broom

* nj ��*� kunju �Q��! back

U ngg �U� gongga �a%� big black ant

d ngk :d�� phong-kar

�"�! hearth

9

<+�� <+�� <+�� <+�� ����� ����� ����� ����� Songkha Sukni

3 - 0 e f ��� �� ��� ��� �_(�) 0 1 2 3 4

era sa ning tam bri(ng)

i j 1 . 4 ���� �k�� ��� ��� ��� 5 6 7 8 9

bõng krõp sin gin gis

-3 -- -0 -e -f �� ���� ����� ����� ���_� 10 11 12 13 14 cha chasa chaning chatam chabring

-i -j -1 -. -4 ������ ���k�� ����� ����� ����� 15 16 17 18 19

chabõng chakrõp chasin chagin chagis

10

03 0- 00 0e 0f ��� ����� ������ ������ ����_� 20 21 22 23 24

chak chaksa chakning chaktam chakbring

0i 0j 01 0. 04

������� ����k�� ������ ������ ������ 25 26 27 28 29

chakbõng chakkrõp chaksin chakgin chakgis

e3 f3 i3 j3 13 ��� ��� ���� ���� ���� 30 40 50 60 70 chat chap chaba chakor chasi

.3 43 -33 -333 -33333 ���� ����� ���[(� "�� ��/

���� !��+�/ �������

80 90 100 1,000 1,00,000 chagi

chagim

chakgrãm hakjar /

sosõ lakhõ / gõtsõ

11

���� ����� ���������� ����� ���������� ����� ���������� ����� ������ Hurang Sukni Niyomrong

1. �� ����� ���� )���� ���"�� ��� � �I�� ������ �+��

����। '� ����’ ���� ������ ��’ ����� �!���� ������� I�� ����� ,(,(,(,( ã ������� ���� ����� �� �। Ei pidan hurang sworbornona bebohar rekjok jiya Assamese akhore maka. Ui hurango kunu Assamese aro Ingraji lipiye manchani jone gesek ,(,(,(,( ã bakimung hurang sukni dongjok, jingka:

�(!�(� chãlpãk ‘life’

2. ������ )���� # # # # ��’ ������ �+���� o ������� ���� ��m '� ����’ ���� ���% V� �+� ���� I�� ����� o '%��� ����� tilde (~) ���’ ��� ���"�� ����� �� �। Assamese sworborno-ni #### aro Roman akhoreni o bakimung ringa kintu ui hurango nini korowe dui rokhom mana jone gesek o uani pirai tilde (~) dako ning bebohar rekni dongjok, jingka:

��# taõ ‘hot’

�!��� litõ ‘is going’

3. Glottal stop [ʔ] ������� ����� ���� ���� �I�� ���� ���% �%� '%��� ���� ��� apostrophe (’) ���’ "�#�%��� glottal stop ����’ ����� �� �। ��’ �I ���� �+���� ��’���� ����� �+�� o ������� 'n�� �’�। Glottal stop [ʔ] bakimung gesek hurang mana jiya nini

korowe towa uani bade ning apostrophe (’) chino haõwimung glottal stop hurango sukni dongjok. Aro ji kunu akhorani pa’asang tongnang akhora o bakimung uccharon do’a, jingka:

12

��’%� ma’wa ‘boy’

��’� be’e ‘where’

��’ koro ‘language’

4. ,��)� ◌<◌<◌<◌< ��’ ���� '%��� ����� ������� ���� ��’ ���% �������� ���� ��� �। Anuswor ◌<◌<◌<◌< aro ���� uani huranga gesekan bade Kocho korowe gesetsan ���� sukjok, jingka:

����� pangan ‘many’

�� song ‘village’

���� ingka ‘like this’

5. ���� ��’ ���� ����’ ���� ��’ ��%��� ������ ���� ������� I�� ���� ��’ ���� ��� �� ��’ �KL�� ����� �� �। ���� aro ���� hurango nini Kocho korowani hukangang hurang manchani jone ���� aro ���� majiye aro sesang sukni dongjok.

6. Prohibitive particle �������� ��’ main verb-��� ��� �� hyphen

(-) ���’ "�#%�। Prohibitive particle ta aro main verb-eni majiye hyphen (-) chino haõwa:

��-��� ta-rek ‘don’t do’

��-�!�� ta-alay ‘don’t hang (it)’

7. Echo constructions ������’ hyphen (-) ���’ "�#%�। Echo constructions hurangebo hyphen (-) chino haõwa:

�"��-���� hecha-pecha ‘ugly’

$��-$�� dham-dham ‘quick’

13

��������’’’’ ����� ����� ����� ����� Koro Chasang

)�� )�� )�� )�� Sworborno

, O

,�� okot �� time

,�=��� oghenek �I���� like that

,�� orong � "� they

� A ���� achet ��������� cockroach

� � ajong ?���� younger brother

���� anung ?�2 younger sister

�������� anchupuri �$��2 �� guava

��_� abrek ���� spider

���� amay �� mother

��o� asti !��" slow

,( à ,(��� ãgay �6%�� to go ahead

,(�� ãchi ��"2 maternal aunt

,(�� ãchu ��� grandfather

,(%�� ãwai ���� grandmother

14

� I ��� ia ���7� this

���� ingka ������%� like this

������� �����

ichakuri nacheng

���� ��� prawn

��� irong � "Q� they

�!�� iluk � �� leech

' U

'%� ua � �7� that

'��� ukcha #+ high

'��� ungka �������%� like that

'��� urai '�� to fly

� E

�$��� edhoken ������%� like this

�&� ��� enda pan �FM� �� castor oil plant

�!� ela ����� now

# Õ #� õk ��7 stomach

#���� õkmay ���!�� lap

15

��������****�������� Byonjonborno

� K ��� kan K�2� body

����� kaben ������ ant

��� kak ������� to bite

��#�� kaõra ��'�2 crow

��!�� kalang ���� ���� to call

����� kereng "�FM bone

+ Kh +�X� khanta =p� bell

+���� khatak ���� short

�+��� khirit #��� louse

+���� khunchi �aF��! small bamboo basket

� G ��� gosom ����! evening

��’ gogo �� dao

�� � gaja ��"� � ��! bamboo shoot

���� gata ��� hole

��! gel �+!� to play

16

��b� gella ����!� bitter gourd

����� gesek �7� one

= Gh =� ghoy �����! betel nut

�=�! ghili +�q! fish pot

=�6 ghugu ���( ���� dove

=���� ghurai =��� to turn

� Ch �� chong ���� insect

��� chay �2� song

��"�� chahay ��r� west

��� chak "�� hand

����� chaman ?��� �+� footprints

���� chasi ����! finger

��!����� chelabari � E2 lizard

������ chingkut ��� ginger

��%� chuwa ��%�Q well

� S ��� soka ������ cloth

�� sok �" mosquito

�� sa +� to eat

17

����� sabet !’�� / ���%�!2

child

�� �̀� sambuk ��7�%� to collect

���� simi ��� needle

����� singit ���2 plum

J ��� jonar m animal

����� joganat ���!�' pumpkin

�_� jabra ��� rubbish

���� jasing ���"� light

��� jomang ���� dream

� �̀ jambu ��� blackberry

> Jh >�� jhora �� �� stream

>!� jhola ����� bag

>�!�� jhaluk �!�2�� chilli

�>��� jhirai � ��� to wait

� T ��’��� ta’mur a the

youngest member of a family

18

��!�� talay "��� forest

��� tan s� ���� to put

��' tau ���� bird

��� tek ?� � to fry

������� tepeksa ,����� a little bit

� Th �!� tholok ��(�2 �I�%� to run

����� thaipok ��Q�" cucumber

����! thapal ��� ash

��’����� tha’marang ��E� �!� sweet potato

��' thau )���t tasty

��� them ����%� to make

����� thunuk ���+�%� to show

� D ���(� dakãt F���� robbery

����! damal �!< bridge

��� dang � ����%� to enter

��# daõ ����! ����%�

to peel

����� dapat ��� ��� ����

to cross over

19

����� datik 7�� hard

���� deba '�" bug

����� debet ����%� to cook fast

$ Dh $�� dhomok J moment

$��-$�� dham-dham � �����! quickly

$��� dhapa �"! broad

$�!� dhula $��! dust

� N �� nok =� house

�� na ��� fish

���� nakor ��� ear

����� nakung ��� nose

���o� nasti ���? navel

�� ne ��( bee

������ nikini ���9 clan

���� nema ?�! good

��̀ �� numbuk ��( sister-in-law

� P ��� pan �� tree

��!� pala ?��� turn

20

��� par :�! flower

����� pamti ���� dew

��� pay ���! ���� to lift

���!� pelem ?�! good

����� penek �’!� black

��’��� pe’theng ���� raw

: Ph :d�� phongkar ����� hearth

:� pha ��Q� tooth

:�� phar ���� night

�:���� phesera � X ���� chicken pox

:�� phui �"� to come

� B ��� bak ���%� to speak

��u�� banthay �F�� bachelor

����� bachur ���%�!2 calf

������ basana ���v fragrance

����� bebak ����7� all

��!��� ��X�

belati bantok

��!�"2 tomato

����� beram ����� ill

21

? Bh ?��� bhacha ��Q" nest

?���� bhabay ?��� to think

�?�� bhedor ����� marsh

?�� bhus �" buffalo

� M ��� morot ����" man

�!� molok ���! ���� to swallow

�������� macherenga �������� kingfisher

������ maycham ���� old

��"�� mahang ��+ �w! face

��b� mella ��� many

��!�� melay +�!� to open

����!� michala ��?a maiden

��� muk ��+� to see

� R �� �̀ rambu ��= cloud

����� rasan �I� sun

��� rek ��� to do

a`� rumba �?��� inside

22

! L !��� lokbok ,!<��� ornament

!�� lam �� path

!�x�� lampar ���" wind

!�' lau !�' gourd

�!���� likthai �! banana

�!� ling ���� to drink

�!��� lisam �y � curry

�!� lem K�� fatty

�!%�� lewak �?��!2 frog

!� �� lujum �+� �’GM� to walk

% W %� wa ��Q" bamboo

%�� wak ��"�� pig

%�� war �� fire

%���� wapan +�2 wood

%�� way ��%�� deity

%���� wasek ��E�%� to send

" H "[� hogra ���! hair

"� ha ���7 soil

"� �� hajan �Y� far

23

"�# haõ ���� to give

�"�X� hinting ��� thread

���� huchur #QE mouth

�"�� hecha ���� bad

24

����� ����� "�# ������ ����� "�# ������ ����� "�# ������ ����� "�# � Gesek kircha haõjok

+���S�+���S�+���S�+���S�

��� ������ ��� �’����। ��� ������ '� ��*� ������� �������� ��# �%���� ��������� ��!����� ���� ��� "��2�� ����� ���� ���� !����� ��9�। '%��� � ����� �� �%��’ ��#�%� ���� ��������� ���� "��2�� ���� !������� ����� ���� !����� �� �।

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25

:�� � ��’ ��!����� �� �%��� '� �����%’ ��"����� "�# �, '� �����%’ ������� �� �%� ?���� � �I, �����%�� ����� ���� ������ '� � ���� ������ ���� ����! '%’ ������� ������ ���� "��� �������� $��-$���� �!����� ��� �! �।

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Khoytobleng

Chut maseni botor do’amung. Chut maseni ui kunju patakni rasaneni taõ sowayna manchaimung talayeni mata jonar hatiya gesek gange tika lunana hurtra. Uani jikamay sejawabo taõwen tongna manchaimung gange hatiya tika luniyani pirang tika lunana hurjok.

Talayeni rajawani gesek gangsalai towamung aro uani mung do’amung Khoytobleng. Aro ghul tika phuini mukimung hatiya Khoytoblengana chainana wasekjok, “Litõ, chang pirang tikawo ghul rekto; rajawa tika lutõ, tikawo ghul ta-rek, bakimung bak.” Ui korowo bakimung Khoytoblenga urai phuijok. Uani jikamaybo sejawa koro manaychaimung tika luyi tongtõ. Ek dhomok pachebo tikawa ghulkan phuyi tongtõ bade eibar rajawa Khoytoblengana apani kaneni muno phukimung khobor wasekjok. Khoytoblenga rajawani bakni mote khobor aro kaneni muno langi lijok aro sejawana thumukjok. Ui tuttisa muno mukimung sejawabo bahadarika apani kaneni panchuwo wasekjok. Jibila Khoytoblenga wali phuijok aro talayeni rajawana ui panchuwo nahaimung haõjok, ui panchuwo mukimung rajawa bhabayjok, je panchuwan uchuku mata baknang ui

27

jinisa bichuku mata dongna! Uo kirimung apanen tika haton saraymung dham-dhamka tolokimung jari lijok.

Ui tuttisa jonarani panchuwo kirimung jari lini mukimung Khoytoblengani tamten bhereret-bhereretka minite-minite dherang (ba dihar) patakimung thi dottra. Uta hatonse Khoytoblengani dherang pisak gap phangatra.