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Keynote Speaker Medical Marijuana: Improving Stability with Novel Delivery Methods Lekhram Changoer AXIM Biotechnologies ExcipientFest Americas April 26 th 2017 2 Improving stability and bioavailability with novel delivery method

KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

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Page 1: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Keynote Speaker

Medical Marijuana: Improving Stability with Novel Delivery Methods

Lekhram ChangoerAXIM Biotechnologies

ExcipientFest Americas 

April 26th 20172

Improving stability and bioavailability with novel delivery method

Page 2: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Contents

• Axim Biotechnologies

• Cannabinoids

• Isolation and semi‐synthesis of THC and CBD

• Chewing gum with cannabinoids

• Chewing effects

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

• MedChewRx

• Pipeline/concluding slides

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Mission Statement:

3

We discover, develop, manufacture, and deliver world-class innovative bioscience solutions

Page 3: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Axim Today

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Leader in Cannabinoid Extraction/ Purification/ Conversion/ Microencapsulation

Leader in Cannabinoid Delivery Systems (THC/ CBD/ CBG)

All Processes Protected (IP/ TM)

11 major Patents covering pharmaceutical and biotech innovations and 20 Trademarks

MedChew RX™ and ReneCann™ in Pre‐ and Clinical Development

Selling CanChew™ in all 50 states in US and 40 countries worldwide

R&D in Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical and Consumer Products

Page 4: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

7

Medicated Chewing Gum: MedChewRx™ 

MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) of the cannabinoid variety in a patented, controlled‐release, functional chewing gum formulations

Such medicated chewing gum is applicable in the field of pain management and/or neurodegenerative diseases

MedChewRx™ will be regulated as a pharmaceutical product i.e. will receive a approved NDA status by the FDA/EMA.

Phyto‐cannabinoids Endocannabinoid system

Medicinal products  and supplements

Food sources

Eating behaviour Metabolic syndrome Gastro‐intestinal diseasesCachexia and disease‐related anorexia

Analgesia Anti‐inflammation Neuroprotection 

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Page 5: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

9

Raw Material Cannabis: Bureau of Medical Cannabis (NL)

Lynch et al., 2015 ; Genomic and Chemical Diversity in Cannabis

Enormous strain diversity enables selection for optimal strain & efficient compound isolation 

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Page 6: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Cannabinoids (CBN’s) 

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Cannabinoids act on cannabinoid receptors toinfluence neurotransmitter release, resulting in nerve transmission

• Endocannabinoids (human/animal);phytocannabinoids ; synthetic cannabinoids

• CB1 receptors: in CNS, responsible for euphoric and anticonvulsive effects of cannabis

• CB2 receptors: more peripheral, responsible for anti‐inflammatory effects

• >140 different cannabinoids from cannabis

• Most important CBN’s• THC (tetrahydrocannabinol): psycho‐active, on CB1• CBD (cannabidiol): acts also as serotonin receptoragonist; greater affinity for CB2 than CB1

More than 140 phytocannabinoids from Cannabis known to date.Major ones shown below

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Cannabinoids: a large family of compounds

Page 7: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Two major Cannabinoids: ∆9‐THC and CBD

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∆9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)  and Cannabidiol (CBD) are the major cannabinoids

CB1 receptors are located primarily in central and peripheral neurons and CB2 receptors predominantly in immune cells.

THC, the main psychotropic constituent of cannabis, is a CB1 and CB2 receptor partial agonist and in line with classical pharmacology, the responses it elicits appear to be strongly influenced both by the expression levels, signaling efficiency and ongoing endogenous cannabinoid release.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is non‐psychotropic and displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1/CB2 receptor agonists in CB1‐ and CB2‐expressing cells or tissues, the manner with which it interacts with CB2 receptors providing a possible explanation for its ability to inhibit evoked immune cell migration.

Δ9‐THC extraction from Cannabis

Purification based on a tailored acid‐base extraction to provide high purity Δ9‐THC‐A (99+%) as a stable solid. 

Δ9‐THC:• Unstable resin at room temperature.• Δ9‐THC‐solution in ethanol is stable at room temperature

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Page 8: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Crude hemp oil containing CBD‐A is obtained by extraction of cannabis flowers with organic solvent.

Purification:• CBD‐A : Column‐chromatography‐free removal of unwanted

cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp oil by a refined acid‐base extraction. 

• CBD : Crystallization provides CBD as stable solid (97‐98% pure)

15

Cannabidiol (CBD) extraction from Cannabis

Adsorption of THC and CBD to the chewing gum• Pure chewing gum not feasible due to lipophilicity of both THC and CBD

• Carrier‐approach with double layered chewing gum tablet anticipated

Stability issues with THC• Coating silica gel and maltose with THC unsuccessful due toinstability of THC (picture)

• Solution: employ a protective environment for THC: preformulation approach

16

Issues of THC and CBD in chewing gum

Page 9: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Solutions for the 2 issues identified

Continue with a combination of chewing gum and tablet excipients

• Not a dual‐layer tablet but a true mixture of gum base and excipientsto prevent separation of both layers upon chewing

Protect THC (and CBD) by applying micro‐encapsulation(preformulation approach)

• 3 preformulations chosen to be applied in the chewing gum• Choice to be made on the basis of pre‐set criteria (stability, ease of release, taste, etc.)

• Increasing bioavailability of Cannabinoids

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Preformulation 1: coating

Coat a particle with THC (CBD) and coat the formedparticle with a protective layer

The carrier particle may be maltose or silica gel

Use of fluid bed coater 

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Page 10: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Preformulation 2: encapsulation

Encapsulate the THC (CBD) in a polymeric matrix using a spray‐drier

• Technique used to encapsulate vulnerableproteins/antibodies/biosimilars

• Processed under nitrogen

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Preformulation 3: absorption

Liquisolid technology• Silica gel with large pores is to absorb a solution of THC (CBD) in a liquid mixture of excipients

• The excipients are selected for their ability to form a micro‐emulsion in contact with water

• This serves to release the THC (CBD) from the pores in thesilica gel

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Page 11: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Preformulation: how to choose

The choice will be made on the following criteria

• Stability

• Potential to release the active from the formulation

• Down stream manufacturability

• Taste

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Chewing gum tablets

The chewing gum tablets will be made from the followingexcipients

• Preformulation • Gum base powder (Health‐in‐Gum, Cafosa) 50‐80%• Excipients (lactose, maltose, silica gel)• Flavors

Tablets will be 1.5‐2.0 gram so these can be chewed and noteasily swallowed

Tablets will contain 5 mg of THC and CBD each

Other formulations in development• Synthetic THC gum• Opiods and Cannabidiol• etc

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Page 12: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Functional chewing gum with cannabinoids

Feeding

Food supplements – Nutraceuticals 

Rx drug:  Medication

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Physiology of chewing

Neurotransmitters release (serotonin, dopamine)

Increase of salivary production

Increase in intestinal motility (implications in ileus)

Increase in cerebral perfusion (MCA velocity studies during 

chewing)

Shortening of the hypophiseal/ suprarenal axis (return to 

eustress)

Form of physical exercise (increase in HR and BP during chewing).

24

Chewing advantages: Physiology

Page 13: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Psychological effects:

• Improves short and long term memory

• Improves focus

• decreases anxiety

• decreases stress

• improves mood; “feel good”

25

Chewing advantages: Psychological

Chewing gum containing controlled release of CBN’s

Vastly improved delivery system (bypass of 1st pass, hepatic 

metabolism, hence decreased 11‐hydroxy‐THC).  It is directly 

absorbed into the oro‐pharyngeal capillary bed similar to the 

entry of the smoked CBN’s through the alveolar (lung) circulation.

Increase of production of saliva, which is important in patients on 

multiple meds, e.g. baclofen in MS who suffer dry mouth as a 

sequence to these meds.

Neuroprotective effects will be increased due to the anti‐

inflammatory effects of the CBN’s as well as these provided by 

the act of mastication where we believe 1+1=3

26

Chewing advantages: with cannabinoids (CBN)

Page 14: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

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Chewing and the brain

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Chewing and cognition

Page 15: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Alertness

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Chewing and stress

Page 16: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Preservation of chewing function is important for

Nourishment status Reduction stress Reduction pain Enriched environment Quality of life Prevention disease progression

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Conclusion

IBS clinical study University of Wageningen (NL)

Probably the most common intestinal condition 

incidence 15 ‐ 20 % among women (15 ‐ 65 years)

men (15 ‐ 65 years) :  5 ‐ 20 %  

Chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clear etiology

Characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, mucus in the feces and an erratic disturbance of defecation

Associated with : stress, sensoric hypersensitivity, motility disturbance

Currently available medical or nutritional options very limited 

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Page 17: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

IBS: Phase 2 clinical study

Carried out at the University of Wageningen (NL) 

CBD used as active substance

Potent anti‐inflammatory (analgesic, anti‐proliferative) cannabinoid 

Non psycho‐active

Long tradition of safe use in humans; several clinical studies ongoing 

Preclinical data and clinical observations strongly underline potential for GI indications (IBD and IBS) 

...Clear demand for specific formulations ...

Local : Site‐specific release Systemic : slow release & avoid first pass effect

33

IBS clinical study: design 

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Page 18: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

IBS clinical study: PK study

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PP01: 10 mg CBD  PP04: 30 mg CBD

IBS clinical study: Phase 2

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• Drug: CanChew gum 50mg CBD; dosage: up to 6 gums/day

• Patients: 40 subjects (18‐55 yrs)

• Duration:  8 weeks randomized double blind cross over trial 

• Endpoints: pain reduction (VAS); QOL (IBD‐QOL); 

• Estimated time completion study: May 2017

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03003260?term=canchew&rank=1

Page 19: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

Next steps: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)(IBD)

Two main forms:  Crohn’s disease (CD) and Colitis Ulcerosa(Ulcerative colitis, UC)

Incidence rises  (Europe : CD = 20‐40 per 100,000 ; UC = 70‐150 per 100,000 )  Chronic and relapsing diseases Significantly impairing quality of life Signs and complications

• Diarrhoea, abdominal pain • Depression• Food restriction, weight loss, impaired growth in children

37

Mayo endoscopic score for ulcerative colitis(A) Score 0=normal; endoscopic remission(B) Score 1=mild; erythema, decreased vascular pattern, mild friability(C) Score 2=moderate; marked erythema, absent vascular pattern, friability, erosions(D) Score 3=severe; spontaneous bleeding, ulceration. 

Ordas et al. The Lancet Volume 380, Issue 9853 (2012), 1606 ‐ 1619

38

Next steps: Ulcerative Colitus

Page 20: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

IBD work program  

Development of CBD (&CBG ?) rectal formulation (intermediate, experimental formulation)

Small‐scale PK pilot in healthy volunteers 

Dose‐escalating pilot in patients suffering from distal colitis

In parallel (now running) development of test based on saliva analysis to monitor disease activity

Ultimate goaldevelopment of colon‐specific rectal CBD (or CBG) formulation for IBD (UC and Crohn)  

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MedChewRx clinical trial on MS patients‐1

Phase 1:  PK/PD biocomparison trial

• Drug: MedChewRx 5 mg THC/5 mg CBD; Sativex 2,7 mg THC/2,5 mg CBD

• Healthy volunteers: 15 (18‐55 yrs)

• Phase 1 center: QPS Phase 1 unit Groningen (NL)

• Design: open label, randomized, 5 period cross over study with a washout of 1 wk

• Analysis: PK/PD incl metabolites (11‐OH‐THC); (S)AE’s, clinical chemistry, hematology, urine analysis, vital signs

40

No MedChewRx Sativex Charcoal

A SD 10 min

B SD 20 min

C SD 20 min X

D DD

E DD X

Page 21: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

MedChewRx clinical trial on MS patients‐2

Phase 2/3

• Drug: MedchewRx 5 mg THC/5 mg CBD

• Patient: 100 (18‐55 yrs)

• Multicenter: Switzerland, VU Amsterdam, UK Plymouth, USA.

• Duration:  screening phase (1 wk)open titration effective dose (2 wk)double blind cross over period each (2 wk);  total 7 wk + follow up 2 wk= 9 wk

• Design: Randomised double blind, placebo controlled, multidose, multi‐site 

• Endpoints: pain score by NRS (PI & PID); Spasticity score by NRS; Oridinal Rating Scale Spasm Frequency; Motricity Index Score; PGIC, QOL (EQ5D), 

41

Axim’s overall clinical development program

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Page 22: KNS-EF17 April 26, Hall A Key Note PM #2, Lekhram Changoer ... · MedChewRx® is a patented technology of AXIM which comprises the inclusion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

43

Management Team

George Anastassov, MD, DDS, MBA

Chairman, Chief Executive and Financial Officer

Co‐founder, CEO of CanChew Biotechnologies, LLC and Director and GP of Sanammad Foundation and Sanammad Pharmaceuticals, BV

Research and Development in Medicine and Biotechnologies since 1987

Philip van Damme, DMD, MD, PhD

Director, Chief Medical Officer

Co‐founder, CEO of CanChew Biotech and Director and GP of Sanammad Foundation and Sanammad Pharmaceuticals, BV

Research and Development in Medicine and Biotechnologies since 1983

Dr. Lekhram Changoer, MSC, BSC

Director, Chief Technology Officer

Co‐founder, CSO of CanChew Biotech and Director and Partner of Sanammad Foundation and Sanammad Pharmaceuticals, BV

Co‐founded several intellectual property‐based pharmaceutical and dental companies, and over 20 years experience in sales & marketing, product development, quality assurance, and research and development

Axim is Led by a Credible and Proven Management Team

END

44

North American Address:18 East 50th Street, 5 Floor

New York, NY 10022+1 844 294 6246

European Address:Boelewerf 32, Unit 3

2987 VD Ridderkerk, The Netherlands+31 10 8209 227

For further information, please contact:www.aximbiotech.com

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