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Johnston’sLast Bivouac
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Greeneville(Multiple Sites)
Tusculum College
Battles ofBlue Springs
PottertownBridge-Burners
Cleveland (Multiple Sites)
Charleston
Calhoun
(Multiple Sites)
Camden
New Johnsonville
JohnsonvilleHSP
Nathan BedfordForrest SP
NASHVILLE
Franklin(See Inset)
Big CreekGap
The Hermitage
Clover Bottom Farm
WhiteHouse
(Multiple Sites)
Dickson(Clement RRMuseum)
Clarksville(See Inset)
Crossville
Pleasant Hill(Affair at Cumberland
Mountain)
LaGrange
MEMPHIS(See Inset)
ColliervilleKirby FarmHouse
Germantown(Multiple Sites)
(Battle of Colliervilleand Chalmers’s Raid)
Battle of Moscow
Trenton(Multiple Sites)
Huntingdon (Multiple Sites)
LairdlandFarm House
Salem CemeteryBattlefield
Jackson(Civil War Museumat The Carnegie)
Hurst’s Raid at Barretville
Denmark(Presbyterian
Church)
CaseyJonesVillage
Parker’sCrossroads
(Multiple Sites)
Lexington
NatchezTraceState Park
Waverly(Fort Hill)
Granville
Gainesboro(Cumberland RiverCampaign andJackson County Court House)
Dandridge(Multiple Sites)KNOXVILLE
(See Inset)
Lawrenceburg
Minor Hill(Sam Davis
Capture Site)
Cornersville(Jake Donelson)
Sugar CreekEngagement
Pulaski
Summertown(Fouche Springs
Engagement)
Lenoir City
Kingston(Roane Co.Couthouse)
Wartburg
Frozen HeadState Park
Oliver Springs (Multiple Sites)
Oak Ridge
Gatlinburg (Multiple Sites)
Norris DamState Park
(Multiple Sites)
MorgantonCrossing
Columbia
NiotaDepot
SweetwaterDepot
Madisonville(Monroe CountyCourthouse)
Great Craighead Cave
Tomotley Ford
Affair at Travisville
Jamestown
Cordell HullBirthplaceState Park
Blountville(See Inset)
Kingsport
Surgoinsville
Battle ofBig Creek
Gallatin(Multiple Sites)
Cold Spring School
Portland
Cragfont
BledsoeCreek SP
Whites Creek(Fontanel)
Hartsville(Multiple Sites)
LandonCarter
Haynes
Johnson CityElizabethton(Sam Carter)
Bluff City
Lebanon (Multiple Sites)
ThompsonStation
Winstead Hill
Murfreesboro(See Inset)
Stones River Battlefield
OaklandsMansion Woodbury
Smyrna(Depot and
Sam Davis Home)
TravellersRest
Castalian Springs(Multiple Sites)
Charlotte
CHATTANOOGA(See Inset)
Savannah
PickwickLanding SP
(Cherry Mansion andTennessee River Museum)
Indian MountainState Park
Huntsville(Museum of Scott Co. )
Big RidgeState Park
(Lincoln and theCumberland Gap)
CumberlandGap NHP
Chilhowie
Saltville(Multiple Sites)
HistoricJonesborough
Andrew Johnson NHSDavy Crockett Birthplace
State Park Jefferson City(Mossy CreekEngagement)
FarragutFolklife
Museum
GreenbackNational CampgroundLoudon
(RailroadBridge)
Philadelphia
LaFollette
Rock House
Rock IslandState Park
Sparta
Winchester
Tims Ford SPMonteagle
Tullahoma(Multiple Sites)
Metro Lynchburg/Moore County
Courthouse
Manchester(Multiple Sites)
Livingston(Multiple Sites)
Monroe(Camp Myers)
Morgan’sOhio Raid
Carthage(Multiple Sites)
Rome(Rome Ferry)
LaVergne(Mary Kate
Patterson House)
RippavillaPlantation
FortNegley
St. Capitol& Museum
Moss Wright Park(Mansker Creek)
Springfield(Multiple Sites)
Adams(Ft. Redmond)
Five Points
Mount Pleasant(The Bigby Greys)
Sam Watkins
Fort Donelson NB
Corinth
Shiloh NMP
Davis BridgeBattlefieldState Park
Bolivar(Visitor Gateway)
Pink PalaceMuseum
Fort PillowHistoric SP
BrittonLane
Chickamauga &Chattanooga NMP
Lookout Mountain
Battle ofHay’s Ferry
Spring Hill
Russellville(Longstreet’s Billet)
Morristown(Multiple Sites)
Raccoon Mountain
Promise LandSchool
RigginsHill
Clarksburg
Bristol(East Hill Cemetery)
SoldierTourist
Chickamauga DepotTennessee Valley Railroad
Sherman’sCrossing
SuckCreek
Red Bank(Multiple Sites)
Dunlap
Shy’s
Holly Tree Gap
Hill
Union City
Paris
Clifton(Multiple Sites)
Waynesboro(Multiple Sites)
Duval-Groves House
Cookeville(Railroad Depot)
CampZollicoffer
Paris LandingState Park
McMinnville(See Inset)
MountainCity
Roan MountainState Park
Pall Mall
Red Boiling Springs(Palace Park)
Lafayette(Multiple Sites)
HarpethShoals
Abingdon
Battle ofBean Station
Cosby
Skirmish atJones CovePigeon Forge
(The Old Mill)
Spring City(Rhea Co. Spartans)
CokerCreek
Benton
Hiwassee/Ocoee Scenic River SP
Decatur(Meigs Co. CH)
CumberlandCaverns
FranceCemetery
Celina
Smithville(DeKalb Co. CH)
Alexandria
ElktonBridge
Fayetteville(Multiple Sites)
Doe Creek
Scotts Hill
School
Fallen Timbers
GrandJunction
McKenzie
Dresden(Lochridge Mill)
(Multiple Sites)
Perry Co.Courthouse
Cedar GroveIron Furnace
Decaturville
Bath Springs
Hohenwald(Lewis Co. Courthouse)
Yellow
Erin
CreekMontgomery
Bell S.P.
KingstonSprings
Adamsville
MaryvilleFriendsville
TellicoPlains
Spencer(Burritt College)
McNairy’sAttack
CollinwoodSelmer
Arlington(Davies Manor)
Covington
Henning
Tiptonville(Island No. 10)
Dyersburg(Courthouse)
Forts Randolphand Wright
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111
87
166
166
Battle ofCampbellsville
St. John’sChurch
245
Maynardville(Multiple Sites)
Walker’sFord
6161
19Brownsville(Multiple Sites)
Alamo(Cageville)
Hendersonville(Multiple Sites)
Sevierville(Walters State
Community College)CumberlandMountainState Park
Port RoyalState Park
ForrestBoyhood
Home
50
Old JailMuseum
Meeman-ShelbyForest State Park
Rogersville(Multiple Sites)
ClarkHouse
Kimbrough’sCrossroads
641
641
19W
Bluff CityBridge Burners
Parrottsville(Multiple Sites)
Blaine’sCrossroads
and GertrudeJaneway Cabin
RamseyHousePlantation
Farragut’sBirthplace
BethlehemMethodistChurch
Clay Co. Museum(Donaldson Cemetery)
Capt. EdwinAllen’s Co.
PikevilleCourthouse
Fall Creek FallsState Park
Cowan RailroadMuseum
Centerville(Hickman Co. Courthouse)
Parsons(Memorial Park)
Henderson(Multiple Sites)
ChickasawState Park
Farmington
C.S.Cemetery
Shelbyville(Bedford Co. Courthouse)
Lewisburg(Marshall Co.Courthouse)
Belle Meade Plantation
WhiteBluffs
Station
Fort Defiance
MontereyDepot
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99
RutherfordCountyCourthouse
OaklandsMansion
EvergreenCemetery
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Stones RiverNational Battlefield
and Cemetery
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McPhail’sOffice
St. Paul’sEpiscopal
Church
CarterHouse
CarterCotton Gin
Collins Farm
McGavock’sGrove
LotzHouse
Confederate CemeteryNational Landmark
Carnton
HarlinsdaleFarm
Eastern Flank Battle Park
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Franklin Masonic Hall
FortGranger
FRANKLIN
55
Mississippi RiverMuseum at Mud Island
River Park
ElmwoodCemeteryFort Pickering Site
at ChickasawHeritage Park 61
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Hunt-PhelanHome
72
79
HealthSciences Park
Magevney House
MEMPHIS
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64College Hill
HospitalOrchard
Knob
Headquarters Row
ChattanoogaChoo Choo
Raiders
To Suck Creekand Red Bank
ToSherman’s
Crossing
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24
58
CrutchfieldHouse
ChattanoogaCreek
CameronHill
Ross’s Landing
ToTennessee
Valley Railroad andChickamauga Depot
OccupiedChattanooga
Brown’sFerry
CHATTANOOGA
COLLEGE ST.
N. SPRING ST.
COMMERCE ST.
41
41
Clarksvillein the Civil War
Customs HouseMuseum
Surrender ofClarksville
Recapture ofClarksville
To Riggins Hilland Fort Defiance
Whitfield,Bradley & Co.
CLARKSVILLE MURFREESBORO
Civil War Trails Site
Other Civil War Site
Hood’s Campaign Driving Route
National Park
Information or Welcome Center
Mileage Scale
0 5 10 15 20
Gen. John Hunt Morgan and his wife, Mattie Ready Morgan
Courtesy Library of Congress
Scroll flask and .36 caliber Navy Colt bullet mold found at Camp Trousdale site in Sumner County. Courtesy Pat Meguiar
Union Lt. Charles R. Ellet approaches Memphis to demand surrender, Harper’s Weekly, June 28, 1862
Kurz and Allison, “Battle of Franklin” Courtesy Williamson County Historical Society
The Cannon Ball House in Blountville still shows shell damage to the exterior clapboard in the rear of the house.
Jar made by bridge-burner Christopher A. Haun
Courtesy Donahue Bible Collection, Mohawk, Tenn.
“Execution of Jacob Harmon and His Son Henry, Unionist bridge-burners,” from Parson Brownlow’s Book (1862)
Colt revolving rifle, used Nov. 3, 1863, by 2nd Iowa Cav. at Collierville, Shelby Co. Courtesy Norm Flayderman
Crew repairing railroad track near Murfreesboro after Battle of Stones River, 1863 – Courtesy Library of Congress
“Drawing Artillery Across the Mountains,” Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 21, 1863
Steamboats tied up at Ross’s Landing in Chattanooga, with Cameron Hill looming in the background along with Lookout Mountain to the left Courtesy Library of Congress
“Battle of Shiloh” – Courtesy Library of Congress
Tennessee Capitol, Nashville, 1864 Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. George H. Thomas Courtesy Library of Congress
Union and Confederate gunboat battle on the Mississippi River near Fort Wright, May 10, 1862 – Courtesy Library of Congress
275
Mabry-HazenHouse
Fort Dickerson
KnoxvilleCourt House
High GroundPark
Bleak HouseMuseum
129
70
441
441
Fort Sanders
40
40
To RamseyHouse
Plantation
East TennesseeHistory Center
Knoxville National CemeteryOld Gray Cemetery
KNOXVILLE
Bleak House, Knoxville, circa 1874 Courtesy Knoxville Chapter 89,
United Daughters of the Confederacy
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412
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641
412
79
Camden
Johnsonville HSPNew Johnsonville
Nathan BedfordForrest SP
LaGrange
(Multiple Sites )
Collierville(Battle of Colliervilleand Chalmer’s Raid)
Battle of Moscow
Trenton(Multiple Sites)
Salem CemeteryBattlefield
Jackson
Denmark(Presbyterian
Church)
Casey JonesVillage
Parker’sCrossroads
(Multiple Sites)
Lexington
Waverly(Fort Hill)
Savannah(Cherry Mansion andTennessee River Museum)
Johnston’sLast Bivouac
Bolivar
Fort Pillow
BrittonLane
Clarksburg
Paris
Clifton
WaynesboroArlington
Barretville
Grand JunctionDavis BridgeBattlefield
Shiloh NMPFallen Timbers
Adamsville
Cedar GroveIron Furnance
Collinwood
Perry Co.Courthouse
Covington
Dyersburg(Courthouse)
ToUnion City
ToTiptonville
(Island No. 10)
McKenzie
Historic SP
Forts Randolphand Wright
Brownsville(Multiple Sites)
Henderson
Parsons
EDoe Creek
Scotts Hill
School
114
Huntington (Multiple Sites)
GermantownDepot
Meeman-ShelbyForestState Park
MEMPHIS ChickasawState Park
PickwickLanding SP
NatchezTrace SP
ParisLanding SP
Alamo(Cageville)
65
43 31
31
31
65
Columbia
Franklin(Multiple Sites)
NASHVILLE
Shy’s Hill
PeachOrchard Hill
TravellersRest
State Capitol
Fort Negley
Spring Hill
MountPleasant St. John’s
Church
WinsteadHill
RippavillaPlantation
AthenaeumRectoryArtillery Duel
Thompson’sStation
LairdlandFarm House
Summertown
Lawrenceburg
Sugar CreekEngagement
Pulaski
FivePoints
9898
Belle MeadePlantation
HollyTree Gap
HOOD’S CAMPAIGN
Union Gen. William T. Sherman and his army occupied Atlanta, Georgia,
on September 2, 1864, after defeating Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood and the Army of Tennessee. Sherman rested his army for several weeks and planned his next moves. When Hood began ranging northwest against Sherman’s supply lines, Sherman dispatched troops to Nashville under Gen. George H. Thomas. The lines became less critical to Sherman on November 15, when he began the “March to the Sea” to open more secure lines and destroy Confederate resources. Rather than pursue Sherman, on November 22 Hood moved north from Alabama to Tennessee, hoping to draw Federal attention from the Deep South and perhaps to invade Kentucky. The two largest
armies in the region thus marched away from each other instead of fighting. In Tennessee, however, Thomas sent Union Gen. John M. Schofield’s division to delay Hood’s advance at Columbia and Spring Hill. Schofield then fell back to Franklin. The bloodbath there on November 30 crippled Hood’s force, but
the Confederates followed Schofield to the outskirts of Nashville and Thomas’s
strong defenses. Hood besieged the city for the next two weeks. On December 15–16, the Federals sallied forth from their defenses and crushed Hood’s army, effectively ending his campaign as the remnants of the Army of Tennessee fled to Tupelo, Mississippi. Some of the army then joined Gen. Joseph E. Johnston in North Carolina.
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Greeneville(Multiple Sites)
Battles ofBlue Springs
PottertownBridge-Burners
Cleveland(Multiple Sites)
Charleston(Multiple Sites)
Big CreekGap
Crossville
PleasantHill
DandridgeKNOXVILLE
Lenoir City (Multiple Sites)
Morganton CrossingNiotaDepot
Sweetwater Depot
Madisonville
Great Craighead Cave
Blountville(Multiple Sites)
Kingsport
Landon
RoanMountain
State Park
CarterHaynes
JohnsonCity
Harrogate
Kimbrough’sCrossroadsJefferson City
Blant’s HillFarragut
National Campground
Loudon
Philadelphia
Sparta
&P
Battle ofHay’s Ferry
Russellville
Morristown
RaccoonMountainCaverns
Sherman’sCrossingSuck
Dunlap
Creek
RedBank
Bristol
Skirmish atJones Cave
PigeonForge
Battle ofBean Station
Coker CreekBenton
TellicoPlains
SpringCity
Spencer
FranceMontereyDepot
Wartburg
Frozen HeadState Park
Cemetery
PikevilleCourthouse
Farragut’s Birthplace
Blaine’sCrossroads
Capt. EdwinAllen’s Co.
ParrottsvilleRamsey HousePlantation
Maryville
SeviervilleKingston
Chickamauga Chattanooga NM
75
Maynardville
Walker’sFord
Indian MountainState Park
Big Ridge SP
CumberlandMt. SP
Fall CreekFalls SP
Huntsville
CHATTANOOGA
Hiwassee/Ocoee Scenic River SP
NorrisDam SP
WAR IN EAST TENNESSEE
Largely Unionist East Tennessee was strate-gically important for Cumberland Gap (the
gateway to Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee) and the rail lines that connected Bristol, Knox-ville, Chattanooga, and Atlanta, as well as Memphis and Richmond. President Abraham Lincoln appointed Andrew Johnson, a native of the region, Tennessee’s military governor. Gen. Samuel P. Carter, a U.S. Naval Academy graduate, gained fame in East Tennessee as a cavalry raider. Ironically, the Federals held most of the secessionist areas, while the Con-federates dominated the Unionist parts. Many Unionists who burned railroad bridges in 1861 were quickly seized and executed.
Union Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside occu-pied Knoxville in September 1863, while Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg occupied Chattanooga. Union Gen. William S. Rose-crans forced Bragg out. After the Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, the Federals occupied Chattanooga, which Bragg then besieged, dispatching Gen. James Longstreet to attack Knoxville. The Federals broke Bragg’s siege at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, compel-ling him to retreat, and Longstreet likewise suffered defeat at Knoxville. By the end of the year, East Tennessee was firmly in Union hands, and the rail line to Georgia was open. In May 1864, Gen. William T. Sherman used Chattanooga as the platform for his Atlanta campaign. No other large-scale battles occurred in the region for the rest of the war. Late in 1864, the Federals launched cavalry raids against the railroads from East Tennessee into Virginia and North Carolina.
1863 1 86518611862 1864
At the beginning of the war, the cavalry gathered intelligence, screened the army from the enemy’s cavalry, and served
as mounted pickets. In the East, Confed-erate cavalry commander J.E.B. Stuart raised the routine reconnaissance mis-sion to the level of art when his command rode completely around the Federal army in 1862. Legendary partisan cavalryman John S. Mosby (the Gray Ghost) later harried the Union army to distraction in Northern Virginia.
In the West, three cavalry command-ers, John Hunt Morgan, Nathan Bedford Forrest, and Joseph Wheeler attained legendary status. Wheeler, a West Point graduate, had spent most of his life in the North. Morgan had served briefly in the Mexican War as a private. Forrest was self-taught. All of them, regardless of experience, were bold, imaginative, and determined men who could usually out-think and out-fight their opponents.
John Hunt Morgan seemed a natural cavalryman. Tall, dashing, impeccably dressed, and finely mounted, Morgan was born to a prominent Kentucky family. In a series of raids in Tennessee and Kentucky, he appeared invincible regardless of the Federal forces arrayed against him. He followed his July 1862 Kentucky raid with another in the winter in Middle Tennessee, destroying two railroad tunnels to disrupt Union supply lines for several weeks. Morgan led his most spectacular raid in July 1863, rampaging
March 4 – 5 Battle of Thompson’s Station
June 25 – July 8 Tullahoma Campaign
July 4 Grant captures Vicksburg, Miss.
September 19 – 20 Battle of Chickamauga, Ga.
November 24 Battle of Lookout Mountain
November 25 Battle of Missionary Ridge, Chattanooga
June 10 – July 14 Gettysburg Campaign, Va., Md., Pa.
July 1 – 3 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
October 1 – 9 Wheeler’s Sequatchie Valley Raid
TENNESSEE USCTs
November 4 Battle of Johnsonville
November 4 – December 14 Knoxville Campaign
November 15 – December 10 Sherman’s March to the Sea, Ga.
June 15 Siege of Petersburg begins, Va. April 2 – 3 Fall of Petersburg and Richmond, Va., Lee’s Retreat begins, Va.
April 9 Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House, Va.
April 14 John Wilkes Booth assassinates President Abraham Lincoln
April 26 Johnston surrenders Army of Tennessee near Durham, N.C.
May 9 Forrest’s Cavalry Corps surrenders
February 1 – April 26 Sherman’s Carolinas Campaign, S.C. and N.C.
January 19 Battle of Mill Springs
February 25 Federal occupation of Nashville
February 16 Grant captures Fort Donelson
February 6 Grant captures Fort Henry
March 3 Lincoln appoints Andrew Johnson as Tenn. military governor
April 6 – 7 Battle of Shiloh
April 8 Battle of Island No. 10
June 6 Battle and Federal occupation of Memphis
August 28 – 30 Second Battle of Manassas, Va.
July Forrest’s First Tennessee Raid
November 13 Grant begins first Vicksburg Campaign from Tennessee
October 17 – November 1 Morgan’s Second Kentucky Raid
April 12 Shots fired at Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C.
April 15 Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress “insurrection”
June 8 Tennessee secedes
September 29 Affair at Travisville, first military action in Tennessee
July 21 First Battle of Manassas, Va.
December – January 1863 Carter’s East Tennessee Raid
December 11 – January 3, 1863 Forrest’s West Tennessee Raid
December 31 Battle of Parker’s Crossroads
December 31 – January 2, 1863 Battle of Stones River
August – October Bragg’s Kentucky invasion
Leba
non,
cou
rtesy
Wils
on C
ount
y CV
B
May 4 – June 20 Overland Campaign, Va.
November 22 – December 25 Hood’s Campaign
November 30 Battle of Franklin
December 15 – 16 Battle of Nashville
September 2 Sherman captures Atlanta
WASHINGTON,D.C.
RICHMOND, VA
RALEIGH, NCNASHVILLE, TN
ATLANTICOCEAN
CHARLESTON, WV
BALTIMORE,MD
GETTYSBURG
TENNESSEE TRAILS INFORMATION
1.615.741.2159www.tnvacation.com
HHH
VIRGINIA TRAILS INFORMATION
1-800-VisitVAwww.virginia.org
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MARYLAND TRAILS INFORMATION
1-877-209-5883www.visitmaryland.org
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NORTH CAROLINA TRAILS INFORMATION
1-800-VISIT NCwww.visitnc.com
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WEST VIRGINIA TRAILS INFORMATION
1-800-CALL WVAwww.wvtourism.com
© 2
020
Virg
inia
Civ
il W
ar T
rails
, Inc
.
Broc
hure
Des
ign
by C
omm
unic
atio
n De
sign
, Inc
., Ri
chm
ond,
VA
Follow this sign to discover more than 1,500 Civil War sites along ten breathtaking trails. Hundreds of sites are accessible to the public for the first time.
THE CIVIL WAR REVISITEDH H H H H H H H
Much of the fighting in Middle and West Tennessee was focused not only on
the railroads but also on the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland Rivers. They were watery avenues of invasion for Federal forces, the keys to splitting the Confederacy.
The first significant Union victories in West Tennessee occurred on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers in February 1862, when a Federal army-navy expedition under Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captured Forts Henry and Donelson. Henry, on the Tennessee, was the first to fall on February 6. Donelson, on the Cumberland, surrendered on February 16. Several Confederate units escaped, including Col. Nathan Bedford Forrest and his cavalry.
The first large-scale battle in West Ten-nessee occurred near Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. Better known as the Battle of Shiloh, the two-day fight on April 6–7, 1862, was almost a Confederate victory on the first day. Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston marched north from Corinth, Mississippi, and struck Grant’s army, overrunning the camp and pushing the Federals almost into the river. Johnston, wounded while encouraging his troops, bled to death from a sev-ered artery. The next day, Grant counterattacked, forcing the Confederates back to Corinth.
Federal forces captured New Orleans at the end of April 1862 and occupied Memphis in June, securing the lower and upper reaches of the Mississippi River. In October, Grant began an overland campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi. He marched from La Grange in West Tennessee, down the Mississippi Central Rail-road toward Vicksburg with trainloads of sup-
Tennessee Wars Commissionhttps://bit.ly/3bRMrfeTennessee Historical Commissionwww.tn.gov/environment/about-tdec/tennessee-historical-commission.htmlTennessee State Parks888-TN-PARKSwww.tnstateparks.comCivil War Trustwww.civilwar.org
WESTBenton Co./Camden C. of C.877-584-8395www.bentoncountycamden.comBolivar/Hardeman Co. C. of C.731-658-6554www.hardemancountytn.comBrownsville/Haywood Co. C. of C.731-772-2193www.westtnheritage.comCarroll Co. C. of C.731-986-4664www.carrollcountyecd.comCity of Parsons731-847-6358www.cityofparsons.comCollierville Parks, Recreation, & Cultural Arts901-457-2777www.collierville.comFayette Co. C. of C.901-465-8690www.fayettecountychamber.comGreater Gibson Co. Area C. of C.731-855-0973www.gibsoncountytn.comHardin Co. CVB800-552-3866www.tourhardincounty.orgHenderson-Chester Co. C. of C.731-989-5222www.chestercountychamber.comHenderson Co. C. of C.731-968-2126www.hctn.org
Hartsville-Trousdale C. of C.615-374-9243www.hartsvilletrousdale.comHickman Co. C. of C.931-729-5300www.hickmancountychamber.orgHohenwald-Lewis Co. C. of C.931-796-4084www.hohenwaldlewischamber.orgHumphreys Co. C. of C.931-296-4865www.humphreyscountychamberof commerce.comLawrence Co. Chamber/Tourism931-762-4911www.seelawco.comLincoln Co. C. of C.931-433-1234www.visitfayettevilletn.comLivingston/Overton Co. C. of C.800-876-7393www.overtonco.comMacon Co. C.of C.615-666-5885www.maconcountychamber.orgMarshall Co. C. of C.931-359-3863www.marshallchamber.orgMaury Co. CVB888-852-1860www.visitmaury.comMcMinnville-Warren Co. C. of C.931-473-6611www.warrentn.comMiddle TN Tourism Council615-862-8828www.middletennesseetourism.comNashville CVB800-657-6910www.visitmusiccity.comPerry Co. C. of C.931-589-2453www.theperrychamber.comRobertson Co. C. of C.615-384-3800www.robertsonchamber.orgRutherford Co. CVB800-716-7560www.visitrutherfordtn.comShelbyville – Bedford Co. C. of C.931-684-3482 www.shelbyvilletn.com
The Emancipation Proclamation issued on January 1, 1863, autho-rized the enlistment of African American soldiers. By June, in
Tennessee, Gen. Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 3,000 men. By the end of the war, he had enlisted 24,000 soldiers for 22 infantry regiments and 8 artillery units. Nationwide, 200,000 men served in black units known as U.S. Colored Troops (USCTs) and in the Navy.
White officers at first restricted USCTs to support functions such as guarding wagon trains, supply depots, and prisoners. They also constructed forts and railroads, then were posted as guards. Eager to prove their worth in combat, the USCTs soon had their chance. In December 1863, at Moscow, the 61st USCT repulsed Confederate Gen. Stephen D. Lee’s cavalry as it tore up railroad track. At Fort Pillow, on the Mis-sissippi River, USCTs fought Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest’s command on April 12, 1864, then were overrun and killed after surrendering. For the remainder of the year, USCTs engaged Forrest at Brice’s Crossroads and Tupelo, Mississippi, at Athens, Alabama, and at Pulaski, Tennes-see. They also fought with distinction in the Battle of Nashville in December. The Tennessee USCTs mustered out of ser-vice between April 1865 and April 1866, having suffered about 4,500 casualties.
Smith Co. C. of C.615-735-2093www.smithcountychamber.orgSmithville-Dekalb Co. C. of C.615-597-4163www.dekalbtn.orgSparta/White Co. C. of C.931-836-3552www.spartatnchamber.comSumner Co. CVB888-301-7886www.VisitSumnerTN.comVan Buren Co. C. of C.931-946-7033www.vanburen-spencerchamber.comWayne Co. C .of C.931-722-3575www.waynecountychamber.orgWilson Co. CVB615-547-6438www.visitwilco.comWilliamson Co. CVB615-591-8514www.visitfranklin.com
EASTCampbell Co. C. of C.423-566-0329www.campbellcountychamber.comChattanooga Area CVB800-322-3344www.visitchattanooga.comCleveland/Bradley Co. CVB423-472-6587www.visitclevelandtn.comFarragut West Knox C. of C.865-675-7057www.farragutchamber.comGatlinburg CVB800-588-1817www.gatlinburg.comGrainger Co. Historic Societygraingertnhistory.comGreene Co. Partnership Tourism Dept.423-638-4111www.visitgreenevilletn.comJefferson Co. Chamber877-237-3847www.jeffersoncountyvacation.comJohnson City CVB423-461-8000www.visitjohnsoncitytn.com
April 12 Forrest captures Fort Pillow
Kingsport CVB423-392-8820www.visitkingsport.comVisit Knoxville800-727-8045www.visitknoxville.comLincoln Library Museum423-869-6235www.lmunet.edu/museumLoudon Co. Visitors Bureau865-986-6822www.visitloudoncounty.comMiddle East TN Tourism Council865-457-4547www.easttnvacations.comMonroe Co. Dept. of Tourism423-253-8010www.monroecountytourism.comMorristown Area C. of C.877-586-6382www.visitmorristowntn.comNewport/Cocke Co. Tourism Council423-625-9675www.yallvisitthesmokies.comNortheast TN Tourism Assoc.423-262-0238www.northeasttennessee.orgPigeon Forge Dept. of Tourism800-251-9100www.mypigeonforge.comPikeville/Bledsoe C. of C.423-447-2791www.pikeville-bledsoe.comSequatchie Co. C. of C.423-949-7608www.sequatchie.comSevierville C. of C.888-Seviervillewww.visitsevierville.comSmoky Mountains TDA865-983-2241www.blountpartnership.comSoutheast TN Tourism Assoc.423-266-5781www.southeasttennessee.comSpring City C. of C.423-682-0007www.springcitychamberofcommerce.comSullivan Co. Dept of Archives & Tourism423-323-4660www.historicsullivan.com
T E N N E S S E E
Follow these signs to more than 1,500 Civil War sites.
How to Use this Map-Guide
This map-guide identifies more than 350 Civil War sites throughout Tennessee. Each site is interpreted and accessible and encourages you to explore diverse settings where America’s destiny was forged. Tennessee Civil War Trails sites can be explored at your own pace, and many offer other historical and recreational opportunities. Enjoy one of the numerous walking tours available in many communities. Shop at one of hundreds of antique and specialty shops, dine at a historically-themed tavern, or simply walk amid the serenity of a preserved battlefield. Let the stories you’ve discovered ignite your imagination as you envision how now-peaceful landscapes were once the scenes of the deadliest battles known to man.
The Tennessee Civil War Trails program is part of a five-state trails system that invites you to explore both well-known and less-familiar sites associated with America’s greatest drama.
Together, more than 1,500 places tell the epic and heartfelt stories of civilians and soldiers who experienced triumph and tragedy during the war.
For more detailed travel information, contact any of the organizations listed in this guide or visit any Tennessee Welcome Center or local Visitor Center. For additional Civil War Trails information, visit www.civilwartrails.org.Granville
Courtesy Peggy Clemons
plies following. In December, however, Forrest launched a raid into West Tennessee, destroying railroads and severing Grant’s supply line. For-rest fought victoriously at Lexington, captured Trenton and Union City, and ranged into Ken-tucky. He raided back through Tennessee, then evaded defeat at Parker’s Crossroads. Grant changed his supply base to Memphis; he finally captured Vicksburg on July 4, 1863.
An especially bloody battle occurred in Middle Tennessee at Murfreesboro, December 31, 1862–January 2, 1863. Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee occupied the country around Murfreesboro after his invasion of Kentucky and the Battle of Perryville. Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans’s Army of the Cumberland advanced from Nashville. During the first day’s fighting, a surprise Confederate flank attack nearly swept the Federals from the
WAR IN MIDDLE AND WEST TENNESSEE
field. Rosecrans held on and over the next two days seriously bloodied Bragg’s army. Federal cannon fire decimated the final Confederate attack on the afternoon of January 2. The Battle of Stones River resulted in more than 23,000 casualties out of about 81,000 soldiers engaged. A few days later Bragg retreated south to Tullahoma, and Rosecrans occupied Murfreesboro. U.S. forces built the massive Fortress Rosecrans to guard the railroad and to serve as a supply station.
Middle and West Tennessee experienced U.S. military occupation, foraging expeditions by both sides, and Confederate cavalry raids on railroads and Union garrisons. Forrest and John Hunt Morgan, usually serving with the Army of Tennessee, attacked Federal supply lines and intimidated Tennessee Unionists. Forrest guarded the Confederate left flank early in 1863 while Morgan covered the right flank. Forrest fought in Mississippi and West Tennessee after a disagreement with Bragg during the Chickamauga Campaign.
Because of the frequent and successful Confederate raids, the Federals correctly suspected collusion with the local population. Civilian spies and Confederate scouts—such as Confederate Sam Davis, who was captured and executed—provided valuable information. In addition, bushwhackers and guerrilla units on each side attacked military units and civilians, sometimes as a military tactic and sometimes to settle personal scores. Confederate Champ Ferguson was the most notorious of these raiders. The resulting resentments lingered for generations.
September 4 – 19 Antietam Campaign, Va., Md.
lines in Middle and West Tennessee. He also fought his way out of a Federal envelopment at Parker’s Crossroads, adding to his legend. The apparent massacre of black Federal troops at Fort Pillow, Tennessee, on April 12, 1864, however, tarnished Forrest’s legacy. After the war, Forrest returned to farming and pursued business interests. He died in Memphis on October 29, 1877. William T. Sherman, assessing Forrest’s military career, pronounced him “the most remarkable man our Civil War produced on either side.”
Joseph Wheeler began the war as a lieu-tenant but became commander of the Army of Tennessee’s cavalry by the fall of 1862. His successful raid behind Union lines before the Battle of Stones River made his repu-tation. In February 1863, he unsuccessfully attacked Dover to block Cumberland River shipping to Federals in Nashville. After the Battle of Chickamauga in the fall of 1863, Wheeler launched another spectacular raid against Union supply lines, riding up the Sequatchie Valley and then into occupied Middle Tennessee before returning to Ala-bama. After the war, Wheeler served in Con-gress and returned to U.S. Army service as a major general during the Spanish-American War and in the Philippines.
Johnsonville, Tennessee, Colored Battery camp, 1864 Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. John Bell Hood
Courtesy Library of Congress
Battle of Stones River – Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. James Longstreet Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. Joseph Wheeler Courtesy Library of Congress
Newspaper illustration, “General Forrest Driving the Federals out of Trenton, Tenn. General Forrest in the Foreground Giving Orders.” – Courtesy Tennessee State Library and Archives
Gen. John Hunt Morgan Courtesy Library of Congress
through Indiana and Ohio, was captured and confined in the Ohio State Penitentiary, and then escaped. A Federal cavalryman killed him in Greeneville, Tennessee, on September 4, 1864, when he tried to escape after being surrounded.
Nathan Bedford Forrest was the antithesis of the gentlemanly Morgan. A self-made man, Forrest was a successful planter and slave trader before the war. Whereas Morgan was an officer from the start, Forrest enlisted as a private and then rose to the rank of brigadier general in little more than a year. Forrest’s personality, like that of Mosby, had a ruthless edge—unlike the charm and gaiety that Morgan and Stuart exhibited. Forrest’s intuitive grasp of cavalry tactics and his ferocious fighting ability made him the most feared of Confederate cavalry commanders. He built his reputation on a series of stunning raids against Union supply
Jackson/Madison Co. CVB731-425-8333www.jacksontn.com/tourismMcNairy Co. C. of C.731-645-6360www.mcnairy.comMemphis CVB800-8-MEMPHISwww.memphistravel.comParker’s Crossroads Battlefield Assoc.731-968-1191www.parkerscrossroads.org
MIDDLEByrdstown/Pickett Co. C. of C.931-864-7195www.dalehollow.comCannon Co. C. of C.615-563-2222www.cannontn.comCheatham Co. C. of C.615-792-6722www.cheathamchamber.orgClay Co. C. of C.931-243-3338www.dalehollowlake.orgClarksville CVB800-530-2487www.visitclarksvilletn.comCoffee Co.931-723-5100www.coffeecountytn.orgCookeville-Putnam Co. CVB800-264-5541www.visitcookevilletn.comCrossville-Cumberland Co. C. of C.877-465-3861www.crossville-chamber.comDickson Co. C. of C.615-446-2349www.dicksoncountychamber.comFranklin Co. C. of C.931-967-6788www.franklincountychamber.comJackson Co. C. of C.931-268-0971www.gainesborochamber.comGiles Co. Tourism Foundation931-363-3789www.gilescountychamber.comVisit Goodlettsville615-859-3678www.visitgoodlettsville.com
Gen. John M. Schofield Courtesy Library of Congress
Confederate infantry and artillery firing on Union gunboats Courtesy U.S. Naval Historical Center
Gen. Albert Sidney John-ston, killed at Battle of
Shiloh, April 6, 1862 Courtesy Library of Congress
www.tncivilwar.org
THE GREAT RAIDERSH H H H H H H H H H
