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KNOWLEDGE UNLIMITED®
Crisis in Kosovo is one in a series of NEWSMattersprograms. Each 15 to 20-minute video in theNEWSMatters series examines an issue or topic in the news. The video is supported by a posterand a teacher’s guide. The NEWSMatters programis designed to promote discussion and criticalthinking in the classroom. NEWSMatters videoswill rarely if ever provide clear-cut conclusionsabout an issue. Rather, each video’s goal is toleave more questions in viewers’ minds thananswers. The supplementary materials aredesigned to help focus and direct these ques-tions and to generate thought and debate aboutthe topic. These materials are flexible. You cancontrol the pace and length of each lesson, andyou can use any, all, or none of these materials.
Crisis in Kosovo explores the bombing ofYugoslavia in 1999 and asks questions abouthow and when the U.S. should be involved in foreign crises. The activity guide encouragesstudents to further research and considerthis issue. Nine of the following activities aredesigned for your students to organize andcomplete on their own. The other activitiesare designed for classroom participation andteacher presentation.
NEWSMatters Crisis in Kosovo
Introducing NEWSMattersNEWSMatters Teacher’s Guide
for
Crisis in Kosovo
Readiness Activity(An activity to be done before viewing the video)
This activity will help your students become familiar with some of the important terms andthemes in Crisis in Kosovo before they watch the video. Divide the class into five groups.Assign each group three of the terms listed below. One member of each group should recordan agreed-upon definition or description for each term and then present these definitions tothe entire class for discussion.
NEWSMatters is produced by Knowledge Unlimited®, Inc.Copyright © 1999, 2004 by Knowledge Unlimited®, Inc.,
all rights reserved. ISBN 1-55933-277-8
KNOWLEDGE UNLIMITED NEWSMatters, P.O. Box 52, Madison, WI 53701
NATOnationalism Bosnia ethnic cleansingCroatia
SerbiaSlobodan Milosevic peacekeepersKLAAlbania
atrocitiesJosip Broz TitoKosovo ProvincerefugeesMacedonia
Vol. 2 No. 6
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Discussion Questions
These questions will help you and your class review important points made in the video. Thequestions will also give some structure to your discussion about Crisis in Kosovo. After yourstudents view the video, ask them to comment on these questions. Some questions have spe-cific answers and others are more open-ended. You may wish to use these questions as aspringboard for further discussion.
■ What is “ethnic cleansing”?
■ Why do you think the U.S. and NATO decided to help the ethnic Albanians in Kosovo Province andfight against the Serbs of Yugoslavia?
■ Why do you think the U.S. and the United Nations didn’t intervene in Rwanda in 1994, when morethan 400,000 people died there?
■ Do you think the United States and NATO were right or wrong in bombing Yugoslavia? Why?
■ Do you think the air war action helped or hurt the people of Kosovo? Explain your answer.
■ When should the U.S. help other people? Should we only get involved when our nation has a directinterest in an outcome? Or should we help people who are being persecuted because we’re one ofthe few countries in the world that can?
■ What do you think constitutes a “direct interest” for the U.S.? Is it political interests? Economics?Trade? Human rights? Explain and give examples.
■ The West has painted Slobodan Milosevic as an evil person; he’s even been compared to Hitler. Butothers say he is only protecting the sovereignty of Serbia — after all, Kosovo is a state of Serbia.Which side do you agree with more? Why?
■ What has happened in Kosovo and Yugoslavia since the war ended and Slobodan Milosevic wasremoved from office? What do you think the future holds for Kosovo and Yugoslavia?
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Names in Balkan History reproducible activity
The following persons are important in the history of the Balkans. Research Yugoslavia and the Balkans and then write a sentence or two next to each name explaining who theperson is and why he is important to the Balkans.
Stefan Dusan
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Aleksandar Karadjordjevic
Draza Mihailovic
Ivan Mestrovic
Josip Broz Tito
Franjo Tudjman
Slobodan Milosevic
Events in Balkan History classroom activity
As a class, you can put together a brief history of the Balkans by learning why each of thefollowing events is important to the region. Divide the class into smaller groups. Eachgroup should research one of the events and then report to the class as whole. Each groupshould explain what happened in its event and why this event was important. Have eachgroup write up a paragraph summary of the event it researched. Then create a class-widetimeline on Balkan history.
■ 1389 — The Battle of Kosovo Polje on St. Vitus Day
■ 1878 — The Treaty of Berlin
■ 1912-1913 — The Balkan Wars
■ 1918 — Formation of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
■ 1919 — The Paris Peace Conference
■ 1945 — Founding of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia.
■ 1948 — Yugoslavia’s split with the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR)
■ 1974 — The Party’s Tenth Congress in Yugoslavia. The Constitution of 1974
■ 1980 — The death of Josip Broz Tito
■ 1991 — Beginning of the Yugoslav Wars of Secession
■ 1992 — Formation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
■ 1995 — The Dayton Accord
■ 1999 — NATO Airstrikes in Kosovo
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Map Activity reproducible activity
The countries and provinces listed below were once or are still part of Yugoslavia. Place themcorrectly on this map.
Mark the places on the map where the worst fighting occurred in 1999.
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Bosnia CroatiaHerzegovinaKosovo
MacedoniaMontenegroSerbiaSlovenia
Ethnic Groups reproducible activity
Listed below are the major ethnic groups in Yugoslavia. In the space provided write a fewsentences about each group. Tell about their religions, languages, and customs. Where dideach group come from originally?
■ Ethnic Albanians ________________________________________________________________________________________________
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■ Montenegrins ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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■ Muslim Slavs ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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■ Serbs ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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After you’ve finished the above, write about why you think many of these groups dislike eachother. Do you think a lasting peace can be reached among these groups? Why or why not?
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Nationalism reproducible activity
Nationalism can be defined as a people’s sense of belonging together. Nationalism ariseswhen people take pride in being the citizens of the same nation or in a shared culture andhistory. Because of nationalism, groups of people have demanded and fought for indepen-dence from other nations. Nationalistic peoples have also taken over other regions.
Nationalism can be a positive force, uniting people in pride around their identity. A countrycan be very strong because nationalism keeps it united. But nationalism can also be negativeand dangerous. Extreme nationalism can lead to the persecution of minority groups. A senseof nationalism helped Hitler gain power in Germany before World War Two.
Experts say that nationalism was a major cause of the problems in Yugoslavia. Write a paragraph explaining why this may be so.
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If you do not think nationalism, or nationalism alone, fueled this conflict, explain what youthink caused the crisis in Kosovo.
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CLASSROOM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
• What is good and what is bad about nationalism? What are the differences between patriotism and nationalism?
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization reproducible activity
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) took responsibility for stopping the atrocitiesin Kosovo. This organization was established by 16 nations in 1950. When our nation signedthe North Atlantic Treaty, it was the first time the United States had joined a peacetimealliance that committed it to fight in Europe.
Research NATO and then answer the following questions.
■ Why was NATO established?
■ What nations were its first members?
■ How many nations belong to NATO now?
■ What kinds of military actions has NATO taken since it was founded?
■ Do you think NATO has achieved the purposes for which it was founded?
■ How has the focus of NATO changed over the years? Do you think it’s still needed? Why or why not?
Political Hotspots reproducible activity
Around the world, there are many countries where civil war, genocide, and repressiveregimes lead to crisis and suffering. When should the United States and other powerfulnations intervene to try to end the situations? Is intervention ever justified?
Below are five countries that have troubled histories. Do some research on the Internet andin newspapers and magazines to learn about the current or past situation in each country.Then pretend you are an adviser to the president of the United States at the time of crisis ineach country. Write a paragraph next to each country, explaining whether or not you thinkthe U.S. should send in troops to stop conflict or overthrow the government there. Explainthe reasons behind your recommendations.
Kosovo
Rwanda
Iraq
North Korea
Sudan
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Yugoslavia and Editorial Cartoons reproducible activity
Editorial cartoons are a less-serious way to examine serious concerns. These cartoons comment on Yugoslavia and other parts of the world. Use the space below to explain thepoint each cartoon is trying to make. Do you think the cartoonists make their points effectively? Why or why not?
CLASSROOM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
• Of these cartoons, which one do you think is the most effective? Why?
• What do you think makes a good or successful editorial cartoon?
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Yugoslavia Today reproducible activity
What is happening in the Balkans today? Read your newspaper, look in news magazines,and do research on the Internet to learn about the current situation in the area. Is fightingstill going on in the area? Between whom? What changes have taken place since the NATOcampaign in 1999? What countries make up the former Yugoslavia? Who leads the area?How is Kosovo governed? What is NATO’s role? What challenges does the area face today? Inthe space below, write a summary of the situation in the former Yugoslavia today, includingthe answers to these questions and any other information you find. What do you think thefuture will bring for this region?
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The International Criminal Court reproducible activity
Slobodan Milosevic, the former leader of Yugoslavia, was arrested and put on trial in theInternational Criminal Court (ICC) in 2002. Do some research in your library and online tolearn more about this unique court. What is it? Who oversees it? Where is it located? What isit designed to do? How is it different from the World Court? Do you think a court like this isnecessary? Who has been tried there? What happened in Slobodan Milosovic’s trial? Write abrief report about what you learn.
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