Governing VarietyKnowledgeTrianglesinRegionalEntrepreneurialEcosystems

Researchfor OECD-MinOCW-MinEZ16november2016– Entrepreneurial ResearchDayJanPetervandenToren

Fromindustrialpolicytosmartspecialisation

2EEinKT

R&DTop60

Transition inregions

3EEinKT

4

Boards,valleys and clusters

EEinKT

InNederland(2015)- 6landelijkeboards/clustersgericht

opéénsector• ClickNL• GastvrijNederland

- 48regionaleclustersmeteensectoralefocus• EnergyValley• Seed Valley

- 6boardsmeteenbredefocus• AmsterdamEconomic Board

• Economic BoardUtrecht

• Economic BoardGroningen

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem&Knowledge Triangle

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Formalinstitutions

Frameworkconditions

Systemicconditions

Culture Physicalinfrastructure

AggregateValueCreationOutcomes

Outputs EntrepreneurialActivity

Networks

Leadership Interaction&directionofactors

Finance Talent Knowledge Regional Governance

Fivetriangles:variety inmass and R&D

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MRA%ofbusinesses:18,2%R&Dexp:1,14%

Utrecht%ofbusinesses:8,1%R&Dexp:1,22%

South-Holland%ofbusinesses:20,2%R&Dexp:1,15%

Twente%ofbusinesses:3,3%

R&Dexp:1,05%

Brainport%ofbusinesses:4,6%

R&Dexp:7,86%

NetherlandsNumberofbusinesses(2015):1.418.005R&Dexpenditure/GDP(2008):1,33%

Visible leaders

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Leadership:networks

8

Twente:highprojectintensity,concise innovationnetwork,relying onHEIsand just afewscale ups

Amsterdamregion:lowprojectintensity,dispersedinnovation networks,lowHEI-involvementand many startupsand scale-ups

Networks:projects&partners

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FontysHogescholenKoninklijkePhilipsN.V.

TechnischeUniversiteitEindhovenNXPSemiconductors

NetherlandsB.V.

1

10

100

1000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Partne

rs

Projects

Brainport- ProjectPartnerDistribution

Networks:pojects&partners

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Regional modesofgovernance:origin

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Start Composition Agenda Campus

Brainport(Eindhovenregion)

2005 Triple helix 1. Facilitating conditions2. Buildingprojects3. HumanCapital

1. High TechCampus(oldPhilipssite)

2. ScienceParkTU/e3. AutomotiveCampus

Helmond

KennisparkTwente

2005 Government &Universities(UTandSaxion UAS)

1. SupportingStart-upsonacampus

2. Building innovationprojects3. Acquisitionof(foreign)firms

1. Kennispark Twente

AmsterdamEconomicBoard(MRA)

2011 Triplehelix 1. DirectingUniversityresearchtowardsclusters

2. Supportinginnovationprojects3. HumanCapital4. Addressinggovernance

bottlenecksforclusters

1. AmsterdamSciencePark2. AmsterdamMedical

BusinessPark

Regional modesofgovernance:evolution

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Agenda Instruments/governance

Brainport(Eindhovenregion)

• Threesocietalchallenges:• renewableenergy• safemobility• smartremotecare

• Top3InvestmentClimate

• Projectdevelopment• Widening fundingbase• Platforms onhumancapital

Kennispark Twente • Extending responsibilitytobusinesssector

• FocusonHTSM

• FoundationoftripartiteTwente Board(2014)

• AttractionofVC• Studentinvestmentfund

MRA(Amsterdamregion) • Societal challenges(tobeselected)• HumanCapitalAgenda

• Shiftfromsectorstochallengesingovernance

• Startupfacilities• PPPinVET• Contestforsmartsocietalsolutions

PerformanceI:productivity

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55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

ADDE

DVA

LUE(×€1.000)P

ERFTE(Y

EAR)

YEAR

TheNetherlands

Randstadzone

Intermediatezone

Brainport

MRA

Twente

Utrecht

SouthHolland

PerformanceII:Employment

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0.41%

0.47%

0.49%

0.57%

0.59%

0.75%

0.92%

1.05%

0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0%

Twente

Zuid-Holland

IntermediateZone

Netherlands

Eindhoven

RandstadZone

Utrecht

Amsterdam

PerformanceIII:Knowledgecirculation

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Brainport MRA Twente Utrecht S-HollandEducationandjoblevel

Proportionhighereducatedpeople(2014)% 35 42 30 45 36Jobsrequiringhigher(medium)education(2014)% 43 48 37 51 45Increaseinhighereducatedpersons(2004-2014)% +5 +8 +6 +7 +7

Increaseinjobsrequiringhigher(medium)education(4-14)% +1 +5 +5 +5 +3Averageoccupationlevel(1-5) 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.7

SpecificitySpecificity:proportion100mostspecificoccupations(%) 8 21 16 20 16

Specificity:LC-levelthatincludestop100LC 1.31 1.33 1.26 1.34 1.19Mobility

Nochangesinoccupationoremployer(2004-2014) 13% 15% 14% 11% 12%Sameoccupation,otheremployer(2004-2014) 30% 38% 30% 29% 29%

Mobility:anotheroccupation(2004-2014) 43% 28% 42% 43% 43%Levelspecificoccupations(100ofapproximately430) 3,1 3,7 2,6 3,9 2,8

Changeinoccupationlevelattop100LC 0.19 0.22 0.08 0.27 0.07

- Theproportionofhighereducatedpeoplevaries,from30%inTwente to45%inUtrecht.- Theproportionofjobsrequiringahighermediumorhighereducationfollowsthisvariety.- Humancapitalgrows,especiallyinhighereducatedpeople(+5to+8%).- Butinsomeregionstheriseinhigher(medium)educatedjobsislowerthantheriseineducationlevel:

- InBrainport,itseemsthatgrowthineducationlevel(+5%)cannotbeabsorbedbyfirmsandjobs(+1%).- InTwente,theincreaseinjoblevelissimilartotheincreaseineducationlevel.

- AmsterdamandUtrecht:highlevelandriseofhighereducatedpeople,highabsorptioninjobs- Brainport andTwente:asimilarriseinhighereducatedpeoplebutstillonlowerlevel,thusconstrainingthegrowthin

higherleveljobs.

Knowledgeabsorption

16

Achterhoek

AgglomeratieHaarlem

AgglomeratieLeidenenBollenstreek

Agglomeratie's-Gravenhage

Alkmaarenomgeving

Arnhem/Nijmegen

DelftenWestland

Delfzijlenomgeving

Flevoland

Groot-Amsterdam

Groot-Rijnmond

HetGooienVechtstreek

IJmond

KopvanNoord-Holland

Midden-Limburg

Midden-Noord-Brabant

Noord-Drenthe

Noord-Friesland

Noord-Limburg

Noordoost-Noord-Brabant

Noord-Overijssel

Oost-Groningen

Oost-Zuid-Holland

OverigGroningen

OverigZeeland

Twente Utrecht

Veluwe

West-Noord-Brabant

Zaanstreek

Zeeuwsch-Vlaanderen

Zuid-Limburg

Zuidoost-DrentheZuidoost-Friesland

Zuidoost-Noord-Brabant

Zuidoost-Zuid-Holland

Zuidwest-Drenthe

Zuidwest-Friesland

Zuidwest-Gelderland

Zuidwest-Overijssel

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

-4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

Beroep

:groe

iberoe

penmetberoe

psniveau3en4

Onderwijs:stijgingaandeelhogeropgeleiden

Stijging onderwijsniveau en beroepsniveau 2004-2014

Deliggingvandebolopdeverticaleasvolgtdegroeivanberoepenopniveau3en4.Dediktevandebolisgerelateerdaandegroeivanniveau4beroepen.

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Knowledgeabsorption

17

Deliggingvandebolopdeverticaleasvolgtdegroeivanberoepenopniveau3en4.Dediktevandebolisgerelateerdaandegroeivanniveau4beroepen.

Conclusions

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1. TheKnowledgeTriangleisorganisedintopsectorsandregions.Innearlyallregionswithauniversity,atriplehelixboardisfounded.Thismodelstartedin2005inEindhovenregionandisfollowedwidely.

2. Afteraperiodofexperimentation,nowadaysregionalgovernancemodelsconverge-althoughtheirstartingconfigurationsdiffer.

3. Outputsshowalotofvariety.BetterdevelopedEEtendtohavemorediverseinnovationnetworks,notnecessarilymoredense.

4. LeastwelldevelopedEntrepreneurialEcosystems(EE)havenofullydevelopedKT(Universitiesmissing).

5. Involvementofregionalbusinessleadersinregionalgovernanceisupcoming,alignmentofbusinessorganisationsmembersisrare.

6. Translationofknowledgeproductionintoproductivejobsdoesn'thappenautomatically:VETandUAScanfunctionasaplatformforabroaderrangeoffirms.

Colofon

19

16november2016

JanPetervandenTorenjanpeter.vandentoren@birchconsultants.com

ResearchTeam:Prof.dr.ErikStam– UtrechtUniversityProf.dr.GeorgesRomme– EindhovenUniversityofTechnologyMoniqueRoso,MSc– UtrechtUniversity/EBUDr.JanPetervandenToren– Birch ConsultantsBasvanderStarreMSc– Birch Consultants

Thanks to:DutchCoEMinOCWMinEZ

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