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Knowledge on Fire
Attacks on Schools in Afghanistan
Attack Patterns Attacks are on the increase.
241 242
670
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2006 2007 2008
Total number of attacks in Afghanistan 2006-2008
Attack Patterns Girls’ schools
are attacked more frequently
The armed opposition is the most likely perpetrator of attacks on girls schools
0
10
20
30
40
50P
ercentage
ArmedOpposition
CriminalGroups
Don’t Know Other
Perceived external threats - boys' vs girls' schools
Girls Boys
Attacks on Girls, Boys, and Mixed Schools
Girls' schools 40%
Mixed schools32%
Boys' schools28%
Attack Patterns
Motive, nature, and successful prevention patterns are highly localized
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Balkh
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ghazni
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Kapisa
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Internal village conflicts
Armed opposition
Local commanders
Criminal groups
PoliceArmy
MinesDon't know
Other
Kunar
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Internal village conflicts
Armed opposition
Local commanders
Criminal groups
PoliceArmy
MinesDon't know
Other
Wardak
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Internal village conflicts
Armed opposition
Local commanders
Criminal groups
PoliceArmy
MinesDon't know
Other
Khost
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Internal village conflicts
Armed opposition
Local commanders
Criminal groups
PoliceArmy
MinesDon't know
Other
Logar
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Herat
Risk Factors The school as a symbol of
government
PRT and donor affiliations
Poor location
Lack of community acceptance
Consequences of Attacks
In the most conflict-affected provinces, between 50-80% of all schools are closed.
Even where there is no attack, fear alone is enough to keep children away from school.
Key Findings No national pattern = no national
solution
Community involvement is crucial. External protection mechanisms considered of negligible impact
Fear factor: dramatic differences require different forms of protection
Recommendations
1. Decentralize school protection decision-making and implementation
2. Focus on the Community Based Education approach
3. Reduce visibility of schools4. Restrict or eliminate direct PRT and
donor visibility in schools. 5. Support the MoE to improve their
databases
