Knowledge engineering techniques for the creation of a semantic

Knowledge engineering techniques for the creation of a semantic digital edition of

Saussure's manuscripts

Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima, Massimo Brero

Fribourg Workshop – 27.02.2014

Université de Genève - CUI 2

1.  Storage, visualization, annotation, transcriptions of manuscripts from Ferdinand de Saussure

2.  Digital scholarly publishing of manuscripts

} 

A system for the visualization, annotation, and transcription of manuscripts from Ferdinand de Saussure



Swiss linguist (1857 – 1913 Famous for

modern linguistics structuralism Cours de linguistique générale

very few publications in his lifetime but 15'000 sheets of paper given to libraries (Harvard, Paris, Geneva)

Aims of the project

A usable tool for researchers

1.  Visualization 2.  Annotation 3.  Transcription

of manuscrits from F. de Saussure

Université de Genève - CUI Fribourg Workshop – 27.02.2014

4

Typical (human) task: ��Reconstructing the reading order



Main concepts



Transcriptionelement

zone

Writing surface

Pictures

Covered surface

zone

Annotation Transcriptionelement

Transcription

Data/Knowledge Model Represent •  basic metadata about manuscripts •  location, date, image file, ...

•  (scientific) transcriptions •  annotations •  semantic annotations

Available on the semantic web •  expressed in RDF/S •  stored in a RDF triple store


7

From classification numbers to URIs

Université de Genève - CUI 27.02.14 8

Semantic web => universal identification (URI) •  library classification number → URI

Example (BGE) •  Cote : Ms. fr. 3951/10, f. 28 •  Nom de fichier : ms_fr_03951_10_f028v_029.tif

URI : •  x:ms_fr •  x:ms_fr_03951 •  x:ms_fr_03951_10 •  x:ms_fr_03951_10_f028v_029 •  x:ms_fr_03951_10_f028v_029-DOT-jp2 •  x:ms_fr_03951_10_f028v_029_Z_001 •  x:ms_fr_03951_10_f028v_029_Z_001_annot_001 •  x:ms_fr_03951_10_f028v_029_Z_001_Shape_001

Data Model


9

System / User Interface



Manuscript visualization

27.02.14 Université de Genève - CUI 11









IIP Image server

}  Tiles

Université de Genève - CUI 27.02.14 16

Creating Annotations (texts or concepts)

Fribourg Workshop – 27.02.2014 Université de Genève - CUI 17

Navigation in the corpus


Navigation in the corpus


Full text search


System Architecture


Web Server/ Front end (REST)

Back end Storage control (updates, authentification)

Image import

Example: Inserting a new annotation


}  Insert request sent to the RDF server

Usability Testing


Methodology •  14 users (linguists, librarians, ...) •  13 tasks (4 scenarios)

•  find a manuscrit, create an annotation, ...

•  Measurements: •  #completed tasks •  time to complete each task •  user satisfaction

¨  System Usability Scale (SUS) questionaire

Results


100% 85%

50%

Task completion by task

Task completion by user

Satisfaction evaluation

Fribourg Workshop - 27.02.14 Université de Genève - CUI 25

68

SUS scores (by question)

SUS scores (by user)

Demo Site


fds.unige.ch/iipmooviewer/homepage.php

Digital scholarly publishing of manuscripts


a knowledge representation and management model ... and a system for the digital edition of large corpora of original works

Context and goals


Digital Critical Edition – current state •  based on paper critical edition

•  DCE of Nietzsche, Peirce, Wittgenstein •  other obstacles:

•  no scientific catalogue

Digital edition of Saussure’s manuscripts project •  to provide a cooperative edition platform for the next 20 years •  to use computers as convergence and mediation tools •  the scientific catalogue and the critical edition will be the

outputs

Digital editions as knowledge networks


Manuscripts

Transcriptions

terminologies

Articles/Monographs

ontologies



Manuscripts

Transcriptions

terminologies

Articles/Monographs

ontologies

Semantic indexes

Alignment



Manuscripts

Transcriptions

terminologies

Articles/Monographs

ontologies

Semantic indexes

Alignment

Inferred relations

Knowledge modeling challenge


To represent the current state of our knowledge about the manuscripts

different types of resources •  direct transcriptions •  scholarly transcriptions •  related terminologies, ontologies, dictionaries •  annotations •  ...

and resource interconnections •  semantic indexes •  text alignments / ontology alignments

Operations


Manuscripts

Transcriptions

multiword lexical units

Articles/Monographs

ontologies

MLU extraction

Ontology Alignment

Handwriting recognition

Semantic indexing

Operations


alignment operations: Finding correspondences between elements of different resources,

aligning ontologies, aligning texts at the sentence or term level. enrichment operations: Create new resources that describe an existing one,

add transcriptions to manuscript pictures, extract collocations from texts, create a semantic index.

}  Specific to each type of resource }  Based on OCR, NLP, AI algorithms

Challenge: define a minimal and expressive set of operations

System/Workbench ��for linguists/knowledge engineers



}  Transcription acquisition •  crowdsourcing

}  Indexing •  word spotting, handwriting recognition ?

}  Knowledge network operations •  NLP techniques for multiword lexical unit extraction •  terminology extraction •  semantic indexing •  resource alignment (existing ontologies, terminologies, ...)

•  define operation workflows •  define virtual (hyper) document generation

Thank you


Questions ?

Documents

Knowledge engineering techniques for the creation of a semantic