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    ChandigarhChandigarh(PunjabiHindi:) is aunion territoryofIndiathat serves as thecapitalof twostates,HaryanaandPunjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort ofChandi". The name is from an ancient temple calledChandi Mandir, devoted to theHindugoddessChandi, in the city.[3]It is occasionally referred to as The City Beautiful.

    As the firstplanned cityof India, Chandigarh is known internationally for its architecture andurban planning.[4]Chandigarh is home to numerous architectural projects ofLe Corbusier,PierreJeanneret,Matthew Nowicki, and Albert Mayer. The city tops the list ofIndian States and UnionTerritorieswith the highestper capita incomein the country at Rs.99,262 at current prices andRs.70,361 at constant prices (20062007).[5]As per a study conducted by Ministry of UrbanDevelopment, Chandigarh has emerged as the cleanest city in India,[6]while also topping the List

    of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index.[7]

    Contents

    [hide]

    1 History 2 Geography and climate

    o 2.1 Average temperature 3 Environment 4 Architecture and urban planning 5 Chandigarh administration 6 Demographics 7 Economy 8 Education 9 Transport 10 Sporting venues and gardens 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External links

    [edit] History

    After thepartition of British Indiainto India and Pakistan in 1947, theformer British province ofPunjabwas also split between India and Pakistan. The Indian state of Punjab required a newcapital city to replaceLahore, which became part of Pakistan during the partition.[8]After several

    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le=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_Province_%28British_India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_Province_%28British_India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_Province_%28British_India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_Province_%28British_India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_Province_%28British_India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_Province_%28British_India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Sporting_venues_and_gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Demographicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Chandigarh_administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Architecture_and_urban_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Average_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Geography_and_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_incomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Nowickihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Jeannerethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Jeannerethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Corbusierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-ci2-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh#cite_note-Government_Information-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandi_Mandirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_%28political%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language
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    plans to make additions to existing cities were found to be unfeasible for various reasons, thedecision to construct a new and planned city was undertaken. Of all thenew townschemes inindependent India, the Chandigarh project quickly assumed prime significance, because of thecity's strategic location as well as the personal interest ofJawaharlal Nehru, the firstPrimeMinisterof independent India. Commissioned byNehruto reflect the new nation's modern,

    progressive outlook, Chandigarh was designed by the French (born Swiss) architect and urbanplanner,Le Corbusier, in the 1950s. Le Corbusier was in fact the second architect of the city,after the initial master plan was prepared by theAmericanarchitect-planner Albert Mayer whowas working with the Polish-born architectMatthew Nowicki.[citation needed]

    On 1 November 1966, the newly-formed Indian state ofHaryanawas carved out of the easternportion of the Punjab, in order to createHaryanaas a majorityHindi-speaking state (with aHindumajority), while the western portion of Punjab retained a mostlyPunjabi language-speaking majority (with aSikhmajority) and remained as the current dayfederated state ofPunjab. However, the city of Chandigarh was on the border, and was thus created into aunionterritoryto serve as capital of both these states.[9]

    [edit] Geography and climate

    Sukhna Lake

    Chandigarh is located near the foothills of theShivalikrange of theHimalayasin northwestIndia. It covers an area of approximately 44.5 sq mi or 114 km. and shares its borders with thestates of Haryana in the east and Punjab in the north, west and south. The exact cartographic co-

    ordinates of Chandigarh are 3044N 7647E / 30.74N 76.79E.[10]It has an averageelevation of 321 metres (1053 ft).

    Chandigarh

    Climate chart (explanation)J F M A M J J A S O N D

    33

    206

    39

    238

    30

    2813

    9

    3519

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    3823

    145

    3925

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    3424

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    3323

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    3322

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    3217

    9

    2711

    22

    227

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    Average max. and min. temperatures in C

    Precipitation totals in mm

    Source:World Weather Information Service

    [show]Imperial conversion

    The surrounding districts are ofMohali,PatialaandRoopnagarin Punjab andPanchkulaandAmbalain Haryana. The boundary of the state ofHimachal Pradeshis also minutes away fromits north border.

    Chandigarh has ahumid subtropical climatecharacterized by a seasonal rhythm: very hotsummers, mild winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (-1 C to 41.2 C).In winter, pieces of snow sometimes occurs during December and January. The average annualrainfall is1110.7 mm. The city also receives occasional winter rains from the west.

    [edit] Average temperature

    Spring: The climate remains quite pleasant during the spring season (from mid-Februaryto mid-March and then from mid-September to mid-October). Temperatures varybetween (max) 16 C to 25 C and (min) 9 C to 18 C.

    Autumn: In autumn (from Mid-March to April), the temperature may rise to a maximumof 36 C. Temperatures usually remain between 16 to 27 in autumn. The minimumtemperature is around 11 C.

    Summer: The temperature in summer (from Mid-May to Mid-June) may rise to amaximum of 45 C (rarely). Temperatures generally remain between 35 C to 40 C (94 -101F).

    Monsoon: During monsoon(from mid-June to mid-September), Chandigarh receivesmoderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally duringthe month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow fromsouth-west/ south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south (which is mainly apersistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either fromNorth-west or North-east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Chandigrahduring monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day.

    Winter: Winters (November to Mid-March) are mild but it can sometimes get quitechilly in Chandigarh. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 7 C to 15 Cand (min) 5C to 8 C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usuallya persistent rain for 23 days with sometimes hail-storms.

    [edit] Environment

    http://www.worldweather.org/066/c00526.htmhttp://www.worldweather.org/066/c00526.htmhttp://www.worldweather.org/066/c00526.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patialahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patialahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patialahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roopnagarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roopnagarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roopnagarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchkulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchkulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchkulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climatehttp://chandigarh.nic.in/knowchd_general.htmhttp://chandigarh.nic.in/knowchd_general.htmhttp://chandigarh.nic.in/knowchd_general.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandigarh&action=edit&section=3http://chandigarh.nic.in/knowchd_general.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchkulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roopnagarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patialahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarhhttp://www.worldweather.org/066/c00526.htm
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    Sambar in a forest

    Most of Chandigarh is covered by denseBanyanandEucalyptusplantations.Asoka,Cassia,Mulberryand other trees flourish in the forested ecosystem.The city has forests surrounding itwhich sustain many animal and plant species.Deers,Sambars,Barking Deers,Parrots,WoodpeckersandPeacocksinhabit the protected forests.Sukhna Lakehosts a variety of ducksand geese, and attracts migratory birds from parts of Siberia and Japan in the winter season.

    A parrot sanctuary located in the city is home to a variety of bird species.

    [edit] Architecture and urban planning

    Chandigarh Secretariat Building

    Taking over from Albert Mayer, Le Corbusier produced a plan for Chandigarh that conformed tothe modern city planning principles ofCongrs International d'Architecture ModerneCIAM, interms of division of urban functions, an anthropomorphic plan form, and a hierarchy of road andpedestrian networks. This vision of Chandigarh, contained in the innumerable conceptual mapson the drawing board together with notes and sketches had to be translated into brick and mortar.Le Corbusier retained many of the seminal ideas of Mayer and Nowicki, like the basicframework of the master plan and its components: The Capitol, City Center, besides theUniversity, Industrial area, and linear parkland. Even the neighborhood unit was retained as thebasic module of planning. However, the curving outline of Mayer and Nowicki was reorganized

    into a mesh of rectangles, and the buildings were characterized by an "honesty of materials".Exposed brick and boulder stone masonry in its rough form produced unfinished concretesurfaces, in geometrical structures. This became the architectural form characteristic ofChandigarh, set amidst landscaped gardens and parks.

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    The Open Hand Monument

    Chandigarh Museum and Art galleryhave a separate section dedicated to the architecture ofChandigarh.

    [edit] Chandigarh administration

    See also:Chandigarh administration

    Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh

    Chandigarh Administration is under the control of the Administrator who is appointed under theprovisions of Art 239 of the Constitution. The administrative control of Chandigarh is under theMinistry of Home Affairs. TheAdviser to the Administrator, a very senior officer equivalent to

    the Chief Secretary of a state, belonging to one of theAll India Services, is second in commandafter the Administrator. S/He generally belongs to the AGMU cadre of the Indian AdministrativeService.

    TheDeputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to theIndian Administrative Service, isthe in-charge of the General Administration in the Chandigarh UT.

    TheSenior Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to theIndian Police Service, isresponsible for maintaining Law & Order and related issues in the Chandigarh UT.

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    TheDeputy Conservator of Forests, an officer belonging to theIndian Forest Service, isresponsible for the management of the Forests, Environment, Wild-Life and PollutionControl in the Chandigarh UT.

    The above three officers are generally from AGMU cadre and can also be from Punjab or

    Haryana cadres of theAll India Services.

    [edit] Demographics

    [show]Chandigarh Population

    Religion in ChandigarhReligion Percent

    Hinduism 78.6%

    Sikhism 16.1%

    Islam

    3.9%Others 1.4%

    Distribution of religions

    As of 2001 Indiacensus,[12]Chandigarh had a population of 900,635, making for a density ofabout 7900 persons per square kilometre. Males constitute 56% of the population and females44%. The sex ratio is 777 females for every 1,000 maleswhich is the lowest in the country.Chandigarh has an average literacy rate of 81.9%, higher than the national average of 64.8%;with male literacy of 86.1% and female literacy of 76.5%. About 12% of the population is under6 years of age. The main religions in Chandigarh areHinduism: 78.6%,Sikhism: 16.1%,Islam:3.9%, andChristianity: 0.8%.[13]HindiandPunjabiand are the main languages spoken in

    Chandigarh,Englishis also quite popular.

    [edit] Economy

    A Shopping mall in the city.

    The government is a major employer in Chandigarh with three governments having their basehere. A significant percentage of Chandigarhs population therefore consists of people who are

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    either working for one of these governments or have retired from government service. For thisreason, Chandigarh is often called a Pensioner's Paradise. There are about 15 medium to large

    industrial including two in the Public sector. In addition Chandigarh has over 2500 units areregistered under small scale sector. The important industries are paper manufacturing, basicmetals and alloys and machinery. Other industries are relating to food products, sanitary ware,

    auto parts, machine tools, pharmaceuticals and electrical appliances. Yet, with a per capitaincome of 99,262, Chandigarh is the richest city in india.[14]Chandigarh's gross state domesticproduct for 2004 is estimated at $2.2 billion in current prices.

    Chandigarh has a well-developed market and banking infrastructure. Nearly all the major banksin the country have registered their presence in Chandigarh. Most banks with a pan Indiapresence have their zonal/regional offices present in Chandigarh. The Bank Square inSector 17in Chandigarh has a large presence of such offices all in one section of the commercialsector.[citation needed]

    Three major trade promotion organizations have their offices in Chandigarh. These are:

    Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, (FICCI) the PHD Chamber ofCommerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and theConfederation of Indian Industry(CII) which has itsregional headquarters at Sector 31, Chandigarh.

    The defence forces have a significant presence in Chandigarh, apart from theIndian Airforcebase in Sector 31 and the nearby Cantonment inChandimandir, the city is the base for sourcingsupplies for theLeh-LaddakhandSiachenregion of defence operations.[citation needed]

    Chandigarh IT Park (also known as Chandigarh Technology Park) is the city's attempt to breakinto theITworld. Chandigarh's infrastructure, proximity toDelhi, Punjab, Haryana andHimachal Pradesh, and the IT talent pool attracts IT businesses looking for office space in the

    area. Major Indian firms and multinational corporations to the like ofQuark,Infosys,Dell,IBM,TechMahindrahave set up base in the city and its suburbs. According to a recent Global ServicesSurvey conducted by Cyber Media, Chandigarh is ranked 9th in the top 50 cities identifiedglobally as emerging outsourcing and IT services destinations.[15]

    [edit] Education

    See also:List of educational institutions in Chandigarh

    Gandhi Bhavan built byPierre Jeanneretfor Punjab University

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    The schools of Chandigarh are affiliated to various curriculum bodies,[citation needed] and includemodel schools established by the government.[clarification needed][citation needed]

    There are also colleges such asPunjab Engineering Collegeand Govt. College of Art and Craft,as well as a Government Teacher Training College. Additionally, Panjab University is based at

    Chandigarh.

    [edit] Transport

    "Green Bus" introduced by the CTU runs throughout Chandigarh

    Chandigarh has the largest number of vehicles per capita in India.[16]Wide, well maintainedroads and ample parking space all over the city, make it convenient to use private vehicles forlocal transport.

    Chandigarh is well connected by road by NH 22 (Ambala - Kalka - Shimla - Kinnaur) and NH21 (Chandigarh - Leh). Chandigarh has a railway station and anInternational Airport.Metro Rail

    project is underway for the region.

    Recently, due to reduce cost, it is planned to partially replace metro projects by tram & monorail,

    [edit] Sporting venues and gardens

    The popular Sector-42 Hockey Stadium

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    Chandigarh is home to numerous inter state sporting teams in tournaments like PHL and IPL.The city has built upon this achievements a network of sound infrastructure ranging fromstadium to training camps. This include the entire gamut from cricket stadiums, swimming pools,shooting ranges to skating rinks and hockey stadiums.

    There are numerous display gardens across the city, including theRock Gardenthat is built frommostly from waste material and theRose Garden. Other gardens include Garden of Annuals,Fragrance Garden, Hibiscus Garden, Chrysanthemum Garden, Botanical Garden and ShantiKunj.

    [edit]

    KarnalKarnal pronunciation(helpinfo)(Hindi:) is an important city and the headquarters of

    Karnal Districtin theIndianstateofHaryana.

    Karnal is said to have been founded by theKauravasin theMahabharataera for the kingKarna,a mythological hero and a key figure in the epic tale. It is midway betweenDelhiandChandigarh, being 123 km (76 mi) north ofDelhiand 126 km (78 mi) south ofChandigarh, ontheNational HighwayNH-1, which is famous as theGrand Trunk Road. Delhi and Chandigarhcan be reached from Karnal within 2 hours using the very high frequency bus service providedby theHaryanaRoadways.

    Karnal is famous for lush green pastures,Liberty Shoes, the production of high-qualitybasmatirice and for its many agricultural and dairy research institutions. Liberty shoes was started fromKarnal and has its largest manufacturing facility in the city. Karnal is also famous formanufacture of agricultural implements and its spares as more than 40% of country agriculturalimplements and spares are manufactured here.One of the bigger units involved in themanufacture of spares is Karnal Agricultural Industries Ltd. having largest manufacturing base inthe country.

    Contents

    [hide]

    1 Geography 2 History 3 Interesting facts 4 Demographics 5 Agricultural research

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    6 Notable peopleo 6.1 Dr. Kalpana Chawlao 6.2 I.D. Swami

    7 Madhuban Police Training College 8 Education

    o 8.1 Schoolso 8.2 Colleges

    9 FM stations in Karnal 10 Cinema Halls cum multiplexes in Karnal 11 Hotels in Karnal 12 See also 13 References 14 External links

    [edit] Geography

    Karnal is located at 2941N 7659E / 29.68N 76.98E.[1]It has an elevation of 235 to 252metres (748 feet). Karnal is known for its lush greenery. It is roughly equidistant fromNewDelhiand Chandigarh and lies on theG.T. roadand on theDelhi-Ambalarailway line. TheKarnal Distt. is surrounded by Kurukshetra District on its north-west, jind & Kaithal Distt. on itswest, Panipat Distt. on its south and Utter Pradesh on east. Yamuna River forms easternboundary of the district and flows from north to south. The district is a part of the Ganga-Sindus(Indo-Gangestic) plains and has a well spread net work of western Yamuna canal. Itsgeographical area has been divided in to three agroclimatic regions, Khadar, Bhangar andNardak belt. Khadar starts from Indri-Karnal road one mile away from Karnal covering the areain between Yamuna river and National Highway Road No.1 up to Patti-Kalyana village. Bhangararea starts from west of Khadar area covering Gharaunda, development block. The nardak arealies in Nissing, Nilokheri and Assandh development block. However, its water is saline and notfit for irrigation. The city is divided into several sectors, colonies andmohallas. Due to itsstrategic location, several big-brand builders like Sahara, Narsi Village, Palm Residency, AlphaCity and Ansal Royale have built new luxury apartments and villas in the city.

    [edit] History

    The city of Karnal is said to have been founded by RajaKarna, a central character in theMahabharatawar. The original name is Karnalaya (home of Karna). This is the same Karna, who

    was the eldest son of Kunti and thus Karnal is called the city of Daanvir Karna.

    It has been a walled town as far as its history can be traced and it had acitadelat one time.

    Karnal sprang into prominence in 1739 when Persian emperorNadir Shahdefeated and capturedthe Mughal rulerMuhammad Shahin theBattle of Karnal.Raja Gopal SinghofJindseizedKarnal in 1763, and theMarathasestablished themselves at Karnal in 1785. Skirmishes followedbetween the Marathas and theSikhsand in 1795, the Marathas finally wrested the city fromRaja

    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    Bhag Singhof Jind and made it over to theBritish-Irishmilitary commanderGeorge Thomas,who took part in the fight. The British established acantonmentin 1811 but abandoned it after30 years due to an outbreak ofmalaria. The fort which had been built byRaja Gajpat SinghofJind, was taken over by the British and converted into a residence forDost Mohammad Khan,AmirofKabul. The fort was used as a jail, as quarters for native cavalry and as apoorhouse. In

    1862, it was made over to the Education Department, when the district school was moved into itfrom the city.

    [edit] Interesting facts

    First Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, was born on October 1, 1895 in Karnal. Hisfamily belonged to the NausherwanPathanclan. Liaquat Ali Khan was nabob ofKunjpura,presently a part of theKarnal district,Haryana. The 25th Chief of Army Staff General DeepakKapoor did his schooling from Sainik School, Kunjpura, Karnal.[2]

    Late Dr. Kalpana Chawla, an Indian-American scientist and NASA astronaut, was born in a

    Punjabi Hindu family at Model Town, Karnal. She completed her schooling at Tagore BaalNiketan, Karnal.

    [edit] Demographics

    As of the 2001 Indiacensus,[3]Karnal had a population of 12,74,183. Males constitute 53% ofthe population and females 47%. In Karnal, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

    The primary language spoken here is Hindi, the national language. Other languages which maybe heard here are Haryanvi, Punjabi.

    The predominant religion here is Hinduism (87%) with a sizable Sikh (13%) minority.

    [edit] Agricultural research

    Imperial Cattle Farm, 1927

    Karnal is a major centre of agricultural and dairy research with theNational Dairy ResearchInstitute(NDRI),Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI) Regional Station, Central Soil

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    and Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR), NationalBureau of Animal Genetics Research (NBAGR), Regional Research Station ofChaudharyCharan Singh Haryana Agricultural Universityand Regional Station of Sugarcane BreedingInstitute having major research facilities and centers in and around the town. Karnal Bunt, amajor disease of wheat was first discovered in 1931 in IARI,[4]Regional Station Karnal and that

    is how it got that name. Now it is one of the premier center for producing and distribution of highquality seeds of various cereal crops (basmati rice and wheat) and vegetables.

    [edit] Notable people

    [edit] Dr. Kalpana Chawla

    It was at the Karnal Flying Club thatKalpana Chawla, a native of the city, first becameinterested in flying. She did her schooling from Tagore Baal Niketan Sr. Sec. School, Karnal in1976 and completed her Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering in 1982 fromPunjabEngineering College, Chandigarh and Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from

    University of Texas in 1984. She completed her Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from Universityof Colorado in 1988. She was the first Indian origin woman to go on avoyage in space. She diedin theSpace Shuttle Columbia disasteron February 1, 2003.

    [edit] I.D. Swami

    I.D. Swami is a former Union Minister of the State for home in Third Vajpayee Ministry. He waselected to Lok Sabha from Karnal in Haryana.

    'Shanti Devi one of the earliest educated among the women of karnal.Hailing from jattonmohalla and daughter of late Ch Singh ram.she completed her post graduation from Lahore.Shewas also elected as an MLA from karnal.She was known more for her modesty and simplicityand as founder of Manav Seva Sangh a famous center of philanthropy in the district of karnal.

    [edit] Madhuban Police Training College

    Madhuban has aHaryanapolice training complex and it is at a distance of 10 km (6 mi) fromKarnal on the NH-1 in the direction ofDelhi. It recruits students not only from Haryana but alsofrom other Indian states and partner countries.[5]The Forensic Science Laboratory, Haryana isalso located in Madhuban.[6]Madhuban has excellent sports facilities and has been declared asports district. The annual police sports meets draw police personnel not only from the state but

    also from across

    [edit] Education

    Karnal is an excellent center of school education and it boasts of a number of good schools. TheHimalaya Public School was the first 10+2 school in Karnal. Nishan Public School, St. Theresa'sConvent Sr. Sec. School, D P S Karnal, Tagore Baal Niketan Sr. Sec. School , Kanhiya PublicShool , Prakash Public Sr. Sec.School. Guru Harkrishan Public School, Partap Public School and

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    Dyal Singh Public School among others are well established institutes. Meanwhile, NDRI alsooffers degrees in Agricultural & Dairy Research. A medical college in the name of KalpnaChawla is under construction. The first engineering college of the city is Doon Valley Institute ofEngineering and Technology.

    [edit] Schools

    s.b.s sr. sec. school [railway road]

    Pratap Public School (Sector 6)

    Pratap Public School

    S.D.Sr.Sec. School(bus stand)

    S.D.Adarsh Public School (Kunjpura Road)

    S.D.Model.Sr.Sec.School (railway road)

    Kanhiya Public School (Barota)

    Kendriya Vidyalaya Karnal (Mall Road)

    Nishan Public School

    Sainik School Kunjpura - Karnal

    Delhi public School

    Dyal Singh Pubilc School (Sector 7)

    Dyal Singh Public School

    Baba Ram Das Vidyapeeth

    RISING SUN PUBLIC SCHOOL,Madhuban

    PRKASH PUBLIC School

    St. Theresa's Convent School

    St. Kabir Public School

    Himalaya Public School

    Tagore Baal Niketan Sr. Secondary School

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    R S Senior Secondary Public School

    Adarsh Public Sr. Sec. School (Kunjpura Road)

    DAV Sr. Sec. School For Boys (Mall Road)

    D.A.V. Girls Sr. Sec. School (Near Karan Tal), Sadar Bazar, Karnal (formerly known asDayanand Arya Girls Sr. Sec. School (Jhelum), Karnal)

    Maharishi Dayanand Public School

    Doon Public School

    OPS International Public School

    OPS Vidya Mandir School (Sector 13)

    Vidyotma Public School (Ramesh Nagar)

    Vivekananda Vidya Niketan, Kaithal Road, Assandh

    Guru Nanak Sr. Sec. Girl School (Link Road)

    [edit] Colleges

    Doon Valley Institute Of Engineering & Technology

    Green Wood Polytechnic (Ranwar)

    RP Inderaprastha Institute of Technology (RPIIT) (Madhuban)

    National Dairy Research Institute

    Gandhi College Of Pharmacy

    Arya Kanya Gurukul College of Education

    Mangalmay Institute of Engineering and Technology (Indri Road)

    Naraini Educational and Charitable Societys Group of Institutions (Chirao)

    [edit] FM stations in Karnal

    Currently, there are two main FM stations in Karnal, namely :

    Radio Mantra(91.9 FM)

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    Radio Dhamaal(106.4 FM).

    [edit] Cinema Halls cum multiplexes in Karnal

    Fun Cinemas - Sector 12, Karnal Movietime Cinemas - Sector 12, Karnal Inder Palace Cinema Hall - Near Railway Station, Karnal

    [edit] Hotels in Karnal

    Hotel Noor Mahal (A Five Star Luxury Hotel)NoorMahal X-ing,NH-1,Sector 32, Karnal Hotel Jewels (A Four Star Hotel) - Jewel Chowk, Karnal Hotel Haveli, NH-1, Karnal Karna Lake Tourist Complex, NH-1, Karnal Savoy Greens ( Mcdonalds ) NH-1, Karnal

    New World, NH-1, Karnal

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