Knowing and Seeing Final 12.5 · 2016. 9. 8. · IwU evoZ-KgZ bv| c‡i PPv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cvwbi evov-KgvUv Avgvi Avq‡Z ¡P‡j G‡jv| Avwg GLb B”Qv Ki‡j dzi‡gv‡bi P‚ov

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Rvbv I †`Lv [Knowing and Seeing]

[kg_ I we`k©b fvebvi c~Y©v½ MvBW]


2 � Rvbv I †`Lv


Rvbv I †`Lv � 3

Rvbv I †`Lv [Knowing and Seeing]

[kg_ I we`k©b fvebvi c~Y©v½ MvBW]

cv-AK †mqv`

Abyev` : ÁvbkvšÍ wf¶z

KíZiæ ivOvgvwU 4500, evsjv‡`k


4 � Rvbv I †`Lv

Rvbv I †`Lv cv-AK †mqv`

Abyev` : ÁvbkvšÍ wfÿz MÖš’ Z¡ : †jLK

cÖ_g cÖKvk : †cŠl 1420, wW‡m¤i 2013 cÖKvkK : KíZiæ, ivOvgvwU 4500, evsjv‡`k cÖ”Q` cwiKíbv : f`šÍ KiæYvesk wfÿz

kÖ×v`vb : 125 UvKv

Knowing and Seeing by Pa-Ak Sayadaw

Translated by Gansanto Bhikkhu

Published in Bangladesh by Kalpataru

Rangamati 4500, Bangladesh

e-mail : [email protected]

Price : Taka 125 only


Rvbv I †`Lv � 5

cv-AK †mqv‡ì Rxebx

AvwPYœ f‡šÍ, mvaviYZ hv‡K Ôcv-AK †mqv`Õ A_ev Ôcv-AK Zqv †mqv`Õ ejv nq, wZwb eZ©gv‡b gvqvbgv‡ii gb cÖ‡`‡ki (Mon State) cv-AK ebwenv‡ii Aa¨¶ Ges cÖavb ¸iæ| Ô†mqv`Õ GKwU evwg©R m¤§vbm~PK Dcvwa, hvi A_© n‡”Q ÔkÖ‡×q wk¶KÕ|

†mqv‡ì Rb¥ 1934 mv‡j, gvqvbgv‡ii †i½y‡bi cÖvq GKk gvBj DËi-cwð‡g wnb_` bv‡gi GKwU gd¯j kn‡ii †jB-†Pvs bv‡gi MÖv‡g| 1944 mv‡j `k eQi eq‡m wZwb Zvi MÖv‡gi GKwU wenv‡i kÖvgY wn‡m‡e

cÖeªR¨v †bb| c‡ii GK `kK a‡i wZwb mvaviY co–qv-kÖvgY wn‡m‡e Rxebhvcb K‡ib Ges wewfbœ ¸iæi Aax‡b cvwj wÎwcUK wk¶v K‡ib| wZwb kÖgY _vKv Ae ’vq wZbwU cvwj fvlv cix¶vq cvm K‡ib|

1954 mv‡j wek eQi eq‡m †mqv` wf¶z wn‡m‡e Dcm¤ú`v jvf K‡ib| 1956 mv‡j wZwb gh©v`vm~PK a¤§vPvwiqv cix¶vq cvm K‡ib| GwU cvwj wk¶vq weG cv‡mi mggvb Ges G‡Z K‡i Zv‡K Ôag©vPvh©Õ †LZv‡e f‚wlZ Kiv nq|

cieZ©x AvU eQi a‡i wZwb a‡g©i AbymÜv‡b mviv gvqvbgvi P‡l †eovb Ges wewfbœ weL¨vZ ¸iæi Kv‡Q ag© wk¶v K‡ib| 1964 mv‡j Zvi `kg el©vq wZwb Zvi fvebv PP©vq †Rvi †`b Ges Ai‡Y¨ cÖ‡ek K‡ib| cvwj wÎwcUK m¤‡Ü cov‡kvbvi cvkvcvwk wZwb †mB mgqKvi weL¨vZ Ges m¤§vwbZ fvebv ¸iæ‡ì KvQ †_‡K A‡bK g~jëvb wb‡ ©kbv Lyu‡R †bb|

c‡ii †lvj eQi a‡i wZwb Ai‡Y¨ fvebv Kiv‡KB Zvi cÖavb KvR


6 � Rvbv I †`Lv

wn‡m‡e †bb| wZwb †mB eQi¸‡jv KvwU‡qwQ‡jb gvqvbgv‡ii `w¶Y As‡k, gb cÖ‡`‡k (Mon State)| GB mg‡q wZwb Lye mv`vwm‡a Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zb, cy‡iv mgqUv fvebv I cvwjkv ¿ c‡o KvUv‡Zb|

1981 mv‡j wZwb cv-AK ebwenv‡ii Aa¨¶ A¹cT&Tv f‡šÍi KvQ †_‡K GKwU evZ©v cvb| †mLvbKvi Aa¨¶ gyg~l© Ae ’vq Av‡Qb Ges AvwPYœ f‡šÍ‡K Zvi wenv‡ii †`Lv‡kvbvi fvi wb‡Z e‡j‡Qb| cuvP w`b c‡i A¹cT&Tv f‡šÍ gviv hvb| wenv‡ii bZzb Aa¨¶ wn‡m‡e AvwPYè f‡šÍ cwiwPZ nb Ôcv-AK Zqv †mqv`Õ bv‡g| hwÌ wZwb wenvi cwiPvjbvi KvR ZË¡veavb Ki‡Zb, Z‡e †ewki fvM mgq KvUv‡Zb wbR©‡b, wenv‡ii DË‡ii R½‡ji As‡k GKwU euv‡ki ˆZwi KzwU‡ii g‡a¨| 1983 mvj †_‡K wf¶z Ges M„nx †jvKRb Zvi Kv‡Q fvebv wkL‡Z Avm‡Z _v‡K| we‡`wk fvebvKvixiv wenv‡i Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i 1990 Gi ïiæi w`‡K| †mqv‡ì mybvg ax‡i ax‡i Qwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K Avi DËi wenv‡ii †mB R½‡j AvovB kÕiI †ewk KzwUi M‡o I‡V| GB AÂjwU Dc‡ii wenvi (Upper Monastery) wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| †mLv‡b cyiæl‡ì Rb¨ †`vZjv fvebv nj, GKwU jvB‡eªwi (mv‡_ Awdm, Kw¤úDUvi iæg, Ges wb‡Pi Zjv¸‡jv‡Z cyiæl‡ì Wwg©Uwi), GKwU wK¬wbK, GKwU nvmcvZvj, GKwU wcÛ`v‡bi nj, GKwU †`vZjv †fvRbkvjv, Ges GKwU Af¨_©bv K¶ I †mqv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU evmfeb wbwg©Z nq| wb‡Pi wenv‡i (Lower Monastery) GKk AvwkwUiI †ewk KzwUi Av‡Q, GKwU bZzb ivbœvNi, Ges gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU wZbZjv fvebv nj Ges GKwU cuvPZjv Wwg©Uwi Av‡Q| ˆÎgvwmK el©vev‡mi mgq wenv‡ii †gvU wf¶zi msL¨v M‡o Qq k †_‡K mvZ k Rb _v‡K| M„nx fvebvKvix †jvKRbmn gv‡S gv‡S Drm‡ei mgq wenv‡ii AvevwmK RbmsL¨v c‡bi k R‡bi E‡aŸ© P‡j hvq|

1997 mv‡j †mqv` Zvi fvebv-c×wZi we ÍvwiZ mewKQz‡K cuvP L‡Ði wekvj GKwU eB‡qi AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡ib, bvg- †h P P©v w b e©v‡ Y †c uŠ ‡ Q

†`q (The Practice that Leads to Nibbana), †hLv‡b cy‡iv fvebvwk¶v c×wZwU we ÍvwiZfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cvwjkv ¿ †_‡K cÖPzi D×„wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q; Z‡e GwU eZ©gv‡b †Kej evwg©R I wmsnwjR fvlvq cvIqv hv‡”Q| 1999 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi, †mqv‡ì AR©‡bi ¯xK…wZ¯iƒc miKvi Zuv‡K A ¹gn v K¤ §U&Vvb vP vw i q Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ K‡i| �


Rvbv I †`Lv � 7

Abyev`‡Ki K_v

fvebv ev a¨vb wel‡q Avgvi AwfÁZv¸‡jv AvMÖnx mevi mv‡_ †kqvi Kiv ìKvi e‡j g‡b K‡iB GB †QvÆ †jLv| Avwg M„nx Ae ’vqI Avbvcvb fvebv KiZvg Ava NÈv ev ZviI †ewk mgq a‡i, hwÌ Zv Lye AwbqwgZfv‡e| y‡qKw`b wbqwgZ fvebv KiZvg, c‡i Avevi K‡qKw`b M¨vc n‡Zv| cÖeªR¨v wbjvg mviv w`b fvebv Ges Psµg‡Y KvUve Ggb msKí wb‡q| Ava NÈv fvebv, Gici PsµgY, Avevi fvebv, Avevi PsµgY—Gfv‡e hZÿY bv mÜ¨v nq mviv w`b a‡i, †Kej LvIqv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR¸‡jv ev‡`|

Gfv‡e GKvMÖ g‡b fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q GKw`b nVvr Avgvi mvg‡b †Kej cvwb G‡m nvwRi n‡jv| kvšÍ cyKz‡ii cvwbi g‡Zv wb Íi½ Ges w`MšÍ-we Í…Z| Avgvi mvg‡b †hb nVvr K‡i KvßvB †jKwU †f‡m DVj| Avwg AvPgKv Ggb cvwb-wbwgË †`‡L wKQzUv nZeyw× njvg| †QvU †ejvq Avwg hLb fvebv KiZvg ZLb GKUz GKvMÖ gb n‡jB †`LZvg, †QvÆ cvnvwo Sibv †_‡K cvwb Mwo‡q co‡Q, A_ev †QvÆ bywo cv_‡ii duvK w`‡q e‡q P‡j‡Q cvnvwo b`x|

Avwg weïw×gv‡M© Avc K…rmœ-fvebvq c‡owQjvg, cvwb hLb cÖengvb wn‡m‡e †`Lv hv‡e †mUv D˜MÖn-wbwgË, Avi kvšÍ w ’i cvwb n‡j †mUv n‡e cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| Avwg †h‡nZz kvšÍ †j‡Ki cvwbi g‡Zv Ggb wbwgË †`Ljvg ZLb †mB cvwb-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`jvg, Ges Ôcvwb, cvwbÕ e‡j g‡b g‡b Rc Ki‡Z jvMjvg|

Avwg †mB cvwb‡K evov‡Z Kgv‡Z †Póv Kijvg| cÖ_‡g B”Qv Ki‡jI


8 � Rvbv I †`Lv

IwU evoZ-KgZ bv| c‡i PP©v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cvwbi evov-KgvUv Avgvi Avq‡Z¡ P‡j G‡jv| Avwg GLb B”Qv Ki‡j dzi‡gv‡bi P‚ov ch©šÍ cvwb‡K evov‡Z cvwi, A_ev B‡”Q Ki‡j cvwb‡K Kwg‡q ïK‡bv LUL‡U f‚wg evbv‡Z cvwi| Avwg Gfv‡e wbwgË wb‡q †LjwQjvg| Gfv‡e K‡qKw`b †Mj| Gic‡i Avwg †Mvj cvwbi †dvUv evbv‡Z PvBjvg| cÖ_‡g A‡bKevi e¨_© njvg| †k‡l KPzi cvZv †_‡K cvwbi †dvUv Mwo‡q covi mgq Zv k~‡b¨ a‡i ivL‡Z mg_© njvg| Gici GwU‡K eo-†QvU Ki‡Z wkLjvg| Ggb Ki‡Z wM‡q Avwg Avwe®‹vi Kijvg, †PvL †Lvjv †i‡LI GLb †mB cvwb-wbwgË w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv wKQz fwi‡q w`‡Z cvwi| A_©vr ¯vfvweK Ae ’vqI B”Qv Ki‡j cvZvi Dci, Nv‡mi Dci, iæ‡gi g‡a¨ BZ¨vw` †h‡Kv‡bv RvqMv‡K cvwb w`‡q ZrÿYvr fwi‡q w`‡Z cviZvg|

wKš‘ G‡Z mgm¨v †`Lv w`j| Avwg Nygv‡Z wM‡q †PvL eÜ Ki‡jB cvwbi wbwgË fvmZ †Pv‡Li mvg‡b, †hb Avgvi mvg‡b ay ay mvMi! ïay †mUv n‡jI mgm¨v n‡Zv bv| e¨vcviUv †hb Avgvi wbqš¿‡bi evB‡i P‡j †h‡Z ïiæ Kij| †mB cvwb GLb †Nvjv‡U I Mfxi Kv‡jv n‡Z ïiæ Kij| wKQz A¯w ÍKi Aeqe †`Lv w`‡Z ïiæ Kij †mB cvwbi g‡a¨| Avgvi g‡b fq Xz‡K †Mj| Nygv‡Z †M‡jB †mB cvwb, Avi cvwb‡Z †mB wefxwlKv! AZGe ¸iæi AvkÖq wb‡Z n‡jv Avgv‡K|

Avgvi cÖeªR¨v¸iæ wQ‡jb kÖ‡×q kÖxgr KiæYvKxwZ© ’wei| wZwb g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Avgvi K_v ïb‡jb Ges ej‡jb, †Zvgvi Kg© ’vb †KvbUv? Avbvcvb bvwK Avc K…rmœ? ÔAvbvcvbÕ Avwg DËi w`jvg| wZwb ej‡jb, †Zvgvi Avj¤b n‡”Q Ôk¦vmcÖk¦vmÕ| Avi Zzwg cvwbi wbwgË wb‡q †Ljvq †g‡ZQ| Ime ev` w`‡q †Kej k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m gb `vI| wZwb Avgv‡K AviI A‡bK Dc‡`k w`‡jb|

cvwbi wbwgË wb‡q GZ ~i G‡m Avevi Avbvcv‡b wd‡i hvIqv †gv‡UI mnR wQj bv| gbUv wKQz‡ZB k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m †h‡Z Pvw”Qj bv| Avgvi ¯vfvweK Nyg e¨vnZ nw”Qj| GKwU ivZ wbN©yg KvUv‡Z n‡jv| †PvL eÜ Ki‡jB †mB wefxwlKv! Avwg †Kb †hb Aw ’i n‡q cojvg|

wKš‘, y-wZb w`b cÖ‡Póv K‡i ax‡i ax‡i Avevi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m gb w`‡Z mÿg njvg| Gici Ggb wbwgË wel‡q mZK© _vKv‡Z Avi †Zgb †Kv‡bv


Rvbv I †`Lv � 9

mgm¨v nqwb| GKwU wRwbm ey‡SwQ, wbwgË A‡bK wKQzB Avm‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ †m¸‡jv wb‡q †Ljvq †g‡Z DV‡j ev ¸iæZ¡ w`‡j Lvivc wKQz nevi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q| Avi K‡qKw`b n‡j Avwg nq‡Zv cvMj n‡q †hZvg|

GLb Avgvi g‡b nq, wbwgË hv Av‡m AvmyK, k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mB g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e cÖ_gw`‡K| Gic‡i Avbvcvb wbwgË Avm‡j Ges †mwU hw` k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi ¯ú‡k©i ’v‡b G‡m w ’i nq, Z‡eB g‡bv‡hvMUv k¦vmcÖk¦vm †_‡K Avbvcvb wbwg‡Ë †Ìqv DwPZ| weÁR‡bi nq‡Zv Ab¨ gZI _vK‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e AšÍZ Avwg GB c_ a‡iB G‡Mv‡Z Pvw”Q, Trial and

Error Method a‡i| †`Lv hvK, Avgvi AwfÁZvq Kx nq!

ÁvbkvšÍ wfÿz mvibv_ ebwenvi

Kij¨vQwo, LvMovQwo 22 b‡f¤i 2013


10 � Rvbv I †`Lv


Rvbv I †`Lv � 11

m~ wP c Î

†`kbv 1

Kxfv‡e Avbvcvb¯§„wZ‡K Ac©Yv a¨v‡b DbœxZ Kiv hvq

f‚wgKv . ............................................................................ 15

†Kb fvebv Ki‡eb? ............................................................ 15

fvebv Kx? ........................................................................ 16

Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© ................................................................ 17

mgvwa Kxfv‡e evov‡bv hvq..................................................... 19

Avbvcvb¯§„wZ...................................................................... 19

cÖ_g avc ......................................................................... 20

wØZxq avc ........................................................................ 21 Kxfv‡e Avcwb mß †eva¨½‡K mgZvq Avb‡eb ............................ 28

Kxfv‡e Avcwb a¨vb jvf Ki‡eb ............................................ 29

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 1 ................................................................. 32

†`kbv 2

Ab¨vb¨ welq wb‡q a¨vb ........................................................ 38

†`‡ni ewÎkwU Ask ............................................................ 38

wbe©v‡Yi wZb cÖ‡ekc_ ......................................................... 40

K¼vj ............................................................................. 40

a¨v‡bi cuvPwU A½ ............................................................... 41



`kwea K…rmœ ...................................................................... 43

eY© K…rmœ ...................................................................... 43

mv`v K…rmœ .................................................................... 43

c„w_ex K…rmœ .................................................................. 47

cvwb K…rmœ .................................................................... 47

Av¸b K…rmœ .................................................................. 48

evZvm K…rmœ .................................................................. 48

Av‡jv K…rmœ .................................................................. 48

AvKvk K…rmœ ................................................................. 49

Pvi Aiƒc a¨vb .................................................................. 49

Amxg AvKvk f‚wg (AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb) ........................... 49

Amxg †PZbvf‚wg (weÁvb-AbšÍ-AvqZb) .............................. 51 k~b¨f‚wg (AvwKÂbvqZb) ................................................. 51 msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wg (ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb) ..................... 52

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 2 ................................................................ 53

†`kbv 3

ˆgÎx-fvebv ...................................................................... 61 Avcbvi cQ‡›ì Ges m¤§vwbZ e¨w³i cÖwZ ˆgÎxfve .................... 63

†f`v‡f‡ì mxgv †f‡O †djv ( m xgvm‡ ¤¢ ) ................................. 66

evBkwU †kÖwY ..................................................................... 67

Awbw ©ó Ges wbw ©ó †kÖwY ...................................................... 68

`k w`Kwb‡ ©kK †kÖwY .......................................................... 69

KiæYv fvebv ..................................................................... 70

gyw`Zv-fvebv ..................................................................... 71 D‡c¶v-fvebv ................................................................... 72

PviwU Avi¶v fvebv ............................................................ 72

weiƒcZv fvebv ( A m yf) ........................................................ 74

g„Zz¨-fvebv (giYvby¯§„wZ) ..................................................... 75

mvigg© ............................................................................ 76

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 3 ................................................................ 77



†`kbv 4

Kxfv‡e iƒc‡K †`L‡eb ........................................................ 89

Pvi avZz fvebv .................................................................. 89

iƒcKjvc we‡kølY ............................................................... 97

¯”Q avZziƒ‡ci we‡kølY .......................................................101 †Pv‡Li g‡a¨ Pzqvwjøk cÖKvi iƒc ............................................ 102

wPË Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (wPËR-iƒc) .......................................... 103

FZz Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (FZzR-iƒc) .......................................... 103

Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (AvnviR-iƒc) .................................... 104

mvivsk .......................................................................... 105

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 4 .............................................................. 106

†`kbv 5

Kxfv‡e Avcwb bvg‡K †`L‡eb ............................................. 122

a¨vb-wPËexw_ .................................................................. 123

KvgvePi-exw_ ................................................................. 125

†hvwbk Ges A‡hvwbk gb¯‹vi .......................................... 125

g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_ ......................................................... 126

cÂØvi-wPËexw_ .......................................................... 127

evwn¨K bvg‡K †`Lv ...................................................... 128

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 5 .............................................................. 130

†`kbv 6

cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ ......................................................... 139

cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi wZb e„Ë (wÎeZ©) .................................. 140

AZxZ‡K †`Lv ................................................................. 140

ev Íe D`vniY ................................................................. 143

fwel¨r‡K †`Lv ................................................................ 144

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 6 .............................................................. 145



†`kbv 7

we`k©b Ávb I wbe©vY .. ....................................................... 159

msgk©b Ávb (eySvi ev Dcjwäi Ávb) ................................... 160

mß iƒc-c×wZ ................................................................. 163

mß Aiƒc-c×wZ (Aiƒc-mËK) ............................................ 164

D`q-e¨q Ávb ................................................................. 166

msw¶ß Dcvq .................................................................. 167

we ÍvwiZ Dcvq ................................................................. 167

DrcwË ¯fve‡K †`Lv (mgy`qa¤§vbycw¯m) ............................... 167

wejq ¯fve‡K †`Lv (eqa¤§vbycw¯m) ..................................... 168

DrcwË-wejq ¯fve‡K †`Lv (mgy`qeqa¤§vbycw¯m) .................... 169

`k Dc‡K¬k (we`k©‡bi `kwU Ac~Y©Zv) ................................... 170

f½ Ávb (wejywß Ávb) ........................................................171 Aewkó Ávb¸‡jv ............................................................. 172

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 7 .............................................................. 173

fvebvKvix‡ì Rb¨ wb‡ ©kbv ...............................................183

------------------------------------------------



[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ †`kbv 1 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Kxfv‡e Avbvcvb¯§„wZ‡K Ac©Yv a¨v‡b DbœxZ Kiv hvq

f‚wgKv

wKQz ZvBIqvwbR wfÿz I wfÿzYxi Avgš¿‡Y ZvBIqv‡b Avm‡Z †c‡i Avgiv AZxe Lywk n‡qwQ, hviv BwZc~‡e© gvqvbgv‡ii gvqjvgv‡bi mwbœK‡U Aew ’Z c v- A K †gw W‡ Ukb †m › Uv‡ i Ae ’vb K‡iwQj| ZvBIqv‡b Ae ’vbKv‡j Avgiv Avcbv‡ì c v- A K †gw W‡ Ukb †m › Uv‡ i PwP©Z fvebv-c×wZ m¤ú‡K© wKQzUv wkwL‡q w`‡Z PvB, Avi Zv m¤ú~Y© g~j wÎwcUK I AvPvh© ey×‡Nvl weiwPZ weL¨vZ w em yw ×gM &M MÖ‡š’ wea„Z w`Kwb‡ ©kbvi Av‡jv‡K| Avgiv „pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi, g~j cvwj wÎwcU‡K †h fvebv-c×wZ wkÿv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, Zv ey× Z_vMZ wb‡RB Abykxjb K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi RxeÏkvq wZwb wb‡RB Zuvi wkl¨‡ì wkÿv w`‡q †M‡Qb|

†Kb fvebv Ki‡eb? cÖ_‡gB Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì cÖkœ Kiv DwPZ : Ôey× †Kb fvebv wkÿv w`‡qwQ‡jb?Õ A_ev Ôfvebvi D‡Ïk¨ ev jÿ¨B Kx?Õ



†eŠ× fvebvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ ev jÿ¨B n‡”Q wbe©vY jvf Kiv| Ôwbe©vYÕ n‡”Q bvg (gb) Ges iƒc (ˆRweK †`n) GB y‡qi m¤ú~Y© wb‡iva ev wbe„wË| AZGe wbe©v‡Y †cuŠQz‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì AwZ Aek¨B Kzkj I AKzkj GB Dfq gvbwmK Ae ’v‡K mg~‡j ÿq Ki‡Z n‡e; h_v : wnZKi Kzkjg~j—A‡jvf, A‡Øl I A‡gvn Ges AwnZKi AKzkjg~j—†jvf, †Øl I †gvn| G¸‡jvB Avgv‡ì Rb¥Rb¥všÍ‡i Rb¥, Riv, e¨vwa I g„Zzï gy‡LvgyLx Kivq| Avgiv hw` G¸‡jv‡K gvM©Ávb ( A w i q gM&M) w`‡q cy‡ivcywi ÿq Ki‡Z cvwi, Z‡eB wbe©v‡Y †cuŠQz‡Z mÿg n‡ev| Ab¨fv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, wbe©vY n‡”Q mg Í msmvi yt‡Li Kej n‡Z gy³ nIqv Ges Rb¥, Riv, e¨vwa I g„Zyï Abe‡kl ÿqmvab| Avgiv mevB Rb¥ ytL, Riv ytL, e¨vwa ytL I giY yt‡Li Aaxb| AZGe Avgiv wb‡R‡ì †mme ytL n‡Z wPigy³ Ki‡Z PvB‡j Aek¨B fvebv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv †h‡nZz mKj cÖKvi ytL n‡Z gy³ n‡Z PvB, AZGe Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Kxfv‡e µgvš‡q wbe©vY jvf Kiv hvq Zv wkÿv Ki‡Z n‡e|

fvebv Kx? GLb cÖkœ n‡”Q, fvebv Avm‡j Kx? fvebv y ai‡bi; h_v : kg_-fvebv I we`k©b-fvebv| GB y ai‡bi fvebv Avevi KvwqK I evPwbK m`vPv‡ii Dci m¤ú~Y© wbf©ikxj| Ab¨ K_vq, fvebv n‡”Q Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i mg¨K MVb, Abykxjb I cig civKvôv|

†mB Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© n‡”Q : mg¨K „wó, mg¨K msKí, mg¨K evK¨, mg¨K Kg©, mg¨K RxweKv, mg¨K cÖ‡Póv, mg¨K ¯§„wZ I mg¨K mgvwa| Zb¥‡a¨ mg¨K „wó I mg¨K msKí‡K GK‡Î ejv nq ÔcÖÁvwkÿvÕ| ey× Avevi mg¨K „wó‡K y-fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb, we`k©b mg¨K „wó

( w ec m &m b v- m ¤§vw Ù&w V) I gvM©-mg¨K „wó ( gM& M- m ¤§vw Ù&w V)|

mg¨K evK¨, mg¨K Kg© I mg¨K RxweKv‡K GK‡Î ejv nq ÔkxjwkÿvÕ| Avi mg¨K cÖ‡Póv, mg¨K ¯§„wZ I mg¨K mgvwa‡K GK‡Î ejv nq ÔmgvwawkÿvÕ| GB mgvwawkÿvB n‡”Q g~jZ kg_-fvebv|



Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© GLb Avwg Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M© †h AvUwU A‡½i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨ GKUz we‡kølY Ki‡Z PvB|

Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_g A½ n‡”Q mg¨K „wó| mg¨K „wó Kx? mg¨K „wó n‡”Q g~jZ Pvwi cÖKvi Ávb| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_g n‡”Q, ytL Avh©mZ¨ Z_v cÂ-Dcv`vb-¯‹Ü wel‡q fvebvgq Ávb| wØZxq n‡”Q, ytL-mgy`q Avh©mZ¨ Z_v cÂ-Dcv`vb-¯‹Ü DrcwËi g~j KviY wel‡q fvebvgq Ávb| Ab¨ K_vq, Bnv n‡”Q cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ wel‡q fvebvgq Ávb| Z…Zxq n‡”Q, ytLwb‡iva Avh©mZ¨ Z_v wbe©vY Dcjwä ev cÖZ¨ÿKiY wel‡q Ávb, hv g~jZ cÂ-Dcv`vb-¯‹‡Üi cy‡ivcywi wbe„wË| Avi PZz_© n‡”Q, Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© wel‡q Mfxi Ávb, hv g~jZ wbe©vY hvevi GKgvÎ c_I e‡U|

Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i wØZxq A½ n‡”Q mg¨K msKí| Avi mg¨K msKí n‡”Q g~jZ ytL Avh©mZ¨ Z_v cÂ-Dcv`vb-¯‹Ü wel‡q cwikxwjZ wPšÍv, ytLmgy`q Avh©mZ¨ wel‡q cwikxwjZ wPšÍv, ytLwb‡iva Avh©mZ¨ wel‡q cwikxwjZ wPšÍv Ges cwi‡k‡l ytLwb‡ivaMvwgbx cÖwZc`v Z_v Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© wel‡q cwikxwjZ wPšÍv|

mg¨K msKí Z_v cwikxwjZ wPšÍv gb‡K ytL Avh©mZ¨ Z_v cÂ-Dcv`vb-¯‹Ü wel‡q h_vh_ g‡bvwb‡ek Kivq Ges mg¨K „wó ZLb cÂ-Dcv`vb-¯‹Ü‡K h_vh_fv‡e ey‡S, Dcjwä K‡i| GB ywU welq gb‡K PZzivh©m‡Z¨ Mfxifv‡e g‡bvwb‡ek Kiv‡Z I Zv‡ì eyS‡Z GK‡Î KvR K‡i| Zviv †h‡nZz GK‡Î GB c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i, ZvB Zv‡ì GK‡Î ejv nq cÖÁvwkÿv ( c T&Tvw mK& L v)|

Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i Z…Zxq A½ n‡”Q mg¨K evK¨| Avi mg¨K evK¨ n‡”Q wg_¨v, †f`, KK©k I ev‡R Avjvc †_‡K m¤ú~Y© weiwZ|

Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i PZz_© A½ n‡”Q mg¨K Kg©| Avi mg¨K Kg© n‡”Q cÖvYxnZ¨v, Pzwi I e¨wfPvi n‡Z m¤ú~Y© weiwZ|

Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i cÂg A½ n‡”Q mg¨K RxweKv| mg¨K RxweKv gv‡b n‡”Q, cÖvYxnZ¨v, Pzwi ev wg_¨vev‡Kï g‡Zv Lvivc K_v I Lvivc Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g RxweKv wbe©vn Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv| M„nx DcvmK-DcvwmKv‡ì R‡b¨ wb‡gœv³ cuvPwU evwYR¨ wbwl×; h_v : A ¿evwYR¨,



cÖvYxevwYR¨, gvsmevwYR¨, †bkvevwYR¨ I welevwYR¨| mg¨K evK¨, mg¨K Kg© I mg¨K RxweKv GB wZbwU A½‡K GK‡Î

ejv nq ÔkxjwkÿvÕ ( m xj w mK&L v)| Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i lô A½ n‡”Q mg¨K cÖ‡Póv| mg¨K cÖ‡Póv Pvi

cÖKvi; h_v : Abyrcbœ AKzkj AbyrcwËi †Póv, Drcbœ AKzkj aŸs‡mi †Póv, Abyrcbœ Kzkj DrcwËi †Póv Ges Drcbœ Kzkj e„w×i †Póv| Gfv‡e µgvš‡q GB Pvwi mg¨K cÖ‡Póv‡K evov‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì Aek¨B kxjwkÿv, mgvwawkÿv I cÖÁvwkÿv‡K ewa©Z Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Abykxj‡b cwicyó Ki‡Z n‡e|

Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i mßg A½ n‡”Q mg¨K ¯§„wZ| mg¨K ¯§„wZ Pvi cÖKvi; h_v : Kvqvby`k©b, †e`bvby`k©b, wPËvby`k©b I ag©vby`k©b| GLv‡b Ôag©Õ ej‡Z †e`bv ˆPZwmK ev‡` evwK GKvbœwU ˆPZwmK‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| A_ev Ab¨fv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, cÂ-Dcv`vb-¯‹Ü, Øv`k Ava¨vwZ¥K I evwn¨K AvqZb, Aóv`k avZz, mß †eva¨½, PZzivh©mZ¨ cÖf…wZ| wKš‘ Dch©y³ Pvi cÖKvi Aby`k©b‡K Avgiv gvÎ yfv‡M fvM Ki‡Z cvwi; h_v : iƒcvby`k©b I bvgvby`k©b|

Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i Aóg A½ n‡”Q mg¨K mgvwa| Avi mg¨K mgvwa gv‡b n‡”Q : cÖ_g a¨vb, wØZxq a¨vb, Z…Zxq a¨vb I PZz_© a¨vb| ey‡×i fvebv-welqK weL¨vZ m~Î—m w Zc U&Vvb m yË—Abymv‡i GB mg¯Í a¨vb¸‡jv‡KB mg¨K mgvwa ejv nq| Z‡e AvPvh© ey×‡Nvl-weiwPZ w em yw ×gM&M MÖ‡š’ mg¨K mgvwa‡K AviI wek`fv‡e we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q; †hgb : Pvi cÖKvi iƒca¨vb, Pvi cÖKvi Aiƒca¨vb I DcPvi mgvwa|

wKQz gvby‡li Am¤¢e iKg cyY¨cvigx Av‡Q, Zviv †Kej ag©‡`kbv ï‡bB wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv mswÿß †nvK Avi we Í…Z †nvK| Z‡e we‡k¦i AwaKvsk gvby‡li †m-iKg AwgZ cyY¨cvigx †bB| ZvB Zv‡ì Aek¨B µgvš‡q Avh© Aóvw½K gv‡M©i mg¨K Abykxjb Ki‡Z nq| Zv‡ì ejv nq Ô†bq¨-cy˜MjÕ ( † b q ¨- c yM&Mj )| Zv‡ì av‡c av‡c Avh© Aóvw½K gvM© Abykxjb Ki‡Z nq Ges µgvš‡q kxjwkÿv, mgvwawkÿv I cÖÁvwkÿv cwic~iY Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_‡g kxj‡K cwiï× Kivi ci Zv‡ì Aek¨B mgvwai PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mgvwa PP©vi ga¨ w`‡q gb‡K ¯”Q I wbg©j Kivi ci Zv‡ì Aek¨B cÖÁv wkÿv Ki‡Z n‡e|



mgvwa Kxfv‡e evov‡bv hvq Kxfv‡e Zv‡ì mgvwa evov‡bv DwPZ?

kg_-fvebvi welq †gvU PwjøkwU| †h †KD GB Pwjøk cÖKvi kg_-fvebvi wel‡qi ga¨ †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU‡K mgvwa jv‡fi Kv‡R eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

hviv Pwjøk cÖKvi kg_-fvebvi wel‡qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU w`‡q ïiæ Ki‡eb wm×všÍ wb‡Z cvi‡Qb bv Zviv k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebv A vb vc vb ¯§„w Z w`‡q ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AwaKvsk gvbyl Avbvcvb¯§„wZ fvebv ev Pvi avZz-fvebvi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Abykxjb K‡i fvebvq mdj nb| AZGe, GLb Avwg Lye ms‡ÿ‡c Kxfv‡e Avbvcvb¯§„wZ Z_v k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebv Abykxjb Ki‡Z nq †m-wel‡q e¨vL¨v Kie|

Avbvcvb¯§„wZ ey× `xN©wbKv‡qi gnvmwZcUVvb my‡Î k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K wb‡q Kxfv‡e fvebv Ki‡Z nq, Zv e‡j w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, Ôwf¶zMY, GB ey×kvm‡b GKRb wf¶z e‡b, ev †Kv‡bv Mv‡Qi †Mvovq, A_ev Lvwj †Kv‡bv RvqMvq wM‡q cÙvm‡b e‡m Ges kixi‡K †mvRv iv‡L| †m Zvi g‡bv‡hvM‡K †K› ªxf‚Z K‡i a¨v‡bi wel‡qi [Avj¤‡bi] Dc‡i| †m g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ k¦vm †bq I g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ k¦vm †d‡j|Õ

1. `xN© K‡i k¦vm †bIqvi mgq †m Rv‡b, ÔAvwg `xN© K‡i k¦vm wbw”QÕ| `xN© K‡i k¦vm †djvi mgq †m Rv‡b, ÔAvwg `xN© K‡i k¦vm †djwQÕ| 2. †QvÆ K‡i k¦vm †bIqvi mgq †m Rv‡b, ÔAvwg †QvÆ K‡i k¦vm wbw”QÕ| †QvÆ K‡i k¦vm †djvi mgq †m Rv‡b, ÔAvwg †QvÆ K‡i k¦vm †djwQÕ| 3. Ôm¤ú~Y© k¦vmcÖevn Abyfe K‡i K‡i Avwg k¦vm †beÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i| Ôm¤ú~Y© k¦vmcÖevn Abyfe K‡i Avwg k¦vm †djeÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i| 4. Ôk¦vmcÖevn kvšÍ K‡i Avwg k¦vm †beÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i|



Ôk¦vmcÖevn kvšÍ K‡i Avwg k¦vm †djeÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i| cÖ_g avc fvebv ïiæ Kivi Av‡M, hyZmB GKUv RvqMvq emyb Ges bv‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi †fZ‡i †XvKv I †ewi‡q hvIqvUv †Lqvj Kivi †Póv Kiæb| Avcwb GUv‡K bv‡Ki WMvi wb‡P A_ev bv‡Ki cvUvi Pvicv‡ki †Kv_vI Abyfe Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| k¦vm †bIqvi I †djvi mgq k¦vmcÖevn‡K AbymiY Ki‡eb bv, KviY G‡Z K‡i Avcbvi fvebv h_vh_ n‡e bv| ïay mRvM g‡bv‡hvM ivLyb k¦vm †hLv‡b A_ev †h RvqMvq ¯úk© K‡i †mB RvqMv‡Z, †mUv nq Dc‡ii †Vuv‡Ui Dcwifv‡M A_ev bv‡Ki WMvi Av‡kcv‡k †Kv‡bv RvqMvq| GKUvgvÎ RvqMvq mRvM g‡bv‡hvM ivL‡j ZLb Avcwb fv‡jvfv‡e fvebv Ki‡Z wkL‡eb I †mUv‡K me©v½my›ì K‡i Zzj‡Z cvi‡eb|

wbwg‡Ëi ¯fve-j¶Y, mvaviY-j¶Y (m ¤§TT- j KL Y) A_ev wbwg‡Ëi i‡Oi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`‡eb bv| GLv‡b, ¯fve-j¶Y n‡”Q k¦v‡mi g‡a¨ Pvwi gnvf‚‡Zi (Av¸b, cvwb, gvwU, evqy) Abyf‚wZ—KvwVb¨, KK©kZv, cÖevn, Zvc, aviKZ¡, Pvc BZ¨vw`| mvaviY-j¶Y n‡”Q k¦v‡mi AwbZ¨, ytL I AwbZ¨Zvi êwkó¨| Gi gv‡b n‡”Q, Ôk¦vm wbw”Q, †djwQ, AwbZ¨Õ, A_ev Ôk¦vm wbw”Q, †djwQ, ytLÕ, A_ev Ôk¦vm wbw”Q, †djwQ, AbvZ¥Õ—Gfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM †`‡eb bv| ïaygvÎ k¦vm †bIqv I †djvi Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM w`b, Ab¨ wKQz‡Z g‡bv‡hvM †`‡eb bv|

Avbvcvb¯§„wZ fvebvq k¦vmcÖk¦vm n‡”Q fvebvi welqe ‘| fvebvq DbœwZi Rb¨ Avcwb GUv‡ZB g‡bv‡hvM †`‡eb| Avcwb hw` Gfv‡e k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _v‡Kb, Ges †mB mv‡_ hw` Avcwb c~e©R‡b¥I fvebvPP©v K‡i _v‡Kb I wKQz cvigx mÂq K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Lye mn‡RB k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM ’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, k¦vm †bIqv I †djvi Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM ivL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Zv‡Z hw` g‡bv‡hvM bv Av‡m, Zvn‡j weïw×gvM©g‡Z Avcwb k¦vmcÖk¦vm MYbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcwb cÖ‡Z¨K k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi †k‡l Gfv‡e ¸Y‡eb : Ôk¦vm wbw”Q, †djwQ—GKÕ, Ôk¦vm wbw”Q, †djwQ— yBÕ BZ¨vw`|

Kgc‡¶ cuvP ch©šÍ ¸Yyb, Z‡e `‡ki Dc‡i ¸Y‡eb bv| Avgiv Avcbv‡K AvU ch©šÍ ¸Y‡Z civgk© †è, †Kbbv GwU Avcbv‡K Avh©-



Aóvw½K gv‡M©i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`‡e, †h c_ a‡i Avcwb Pjvi †Póv Ki‡Qb| ZvB Avcwb cuvP †_‡K `‡ki g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨v ch©šÍ ¸Yyb| Avcwb cÖwZÁv Kiæb †h GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ Avcwb gb‡K Ab¨ wPšÍvq ev Kíbvq †f‡m †h‡Z †`‡eb bv, Ab¨ †Kv_vI †h‡Z †`‡eb bv, ïaygvÎ k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi Dc‡i mRvM g‡bv‡hvM ivL‡eb| hLb Gfv‡e ¸Y‡eb, Avcwb †`L‡eb †h GLb Avcwb k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM ivL‡Z cvi‡Qb, Ges †Kej k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡KB Rvb‡Qb, Ab¨ wKQz bq|

wØZxq avc Gfv‡e gb‡K Kgc‡¶ Ava NÈv †K› ªxf‚Z K‡i ivLvi c‡i, Avcwb Gevi wØZxq av‡c †h‡Z cv‡ib :

1. `xN© K‡i k¦vm †bIqvi mgq †m Rv‡b, ÔAvwg `xN© K‡i k¦vm wbw”QÕ| `xN© K‡i k¦vm †djvi mgq †m Rv‡b, ÔAvwg `xN© K‡i k¦vm †djwQÕ| 2. †QvÆ K‡i k¦vm †bIqvi mgq †m Rv‡b, ÔAvwg †QvÆ K‡i k¦vm wbw”QÕ| †QvÆ K‡i k¦vm †djvi mgq †m Rv‡b, ÔAvwg †QvÆ K‡i k¦vm †djwQÕ|

GB av‡c G‡m Avcbv‡K mRvM I m‡PZb _vKvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e k¦vmcÖk¦vm `xN© ev †QvÆ wK bv GB wel‡q| Ô`xN©Õ ev Ô†QvÆÕ ej‡Z GLv‡b Kq dzU ev Kq BwÂ `xN©, †mUv eySv‡”Q bv, mg‡qi cwigvYUv‡K eySv‡”Q| Avcbv‡K wb‡R wb‡RB wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e, KZUzKz mgq‡K Avcwb Ô`xN©Õ ej‡eb, Avi KZUzKz mgq‡K Ô†QvÆÕ ej‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU k¦vm †bIqv I k¦vm †djvi mgq m¤ú‡K© mRvM g‡bv‡hvM eRvq ivLyb| Avcwb †Lqvj Ki‡eb †h wbtk¦vm KL‡bv `xN© n‡”Q, KL‡bv ev †QvÆ n‡”Q| ïaygvÎ GB Rvbvi KvRUvB Ki‡Z n‡e Avcbv‡K GB av‡c| g‡b g‡b ej‡eb bv †hb Ôk¦vm wbw”Q, †djwQ, `xN©—k¦vm wbw”Q, †djwQ, †QvÆÕ Gfv‡e ejvi ìKvi †bB GLb| ïay g‡b g‡b ejyb, Ôk¦vm wbw”Q, †djwQÕ, Avi mRvM _vKzb k¦vmcÖk¦vm `xN© n‡”Q wK †QvÆ n‡”Q †m wel‡q| k¦vm †bIqvi I †djvi mgq Zv Dc‡ii †VuvU ev bv‡Ki WMvq KZ¶Y a‡i ¯úk© Ki‡Q, Zv †_‡KB Avcwb GUv †R‡b hv‡eb| gv‡S gv‡S nq‡Zv cy‡iv mgqUv



Ry‡o k¦vmcÖk¦vm `xN© n‡e, A_ev gv‡S gv‡S nq‡Zv cy‡iv mgqUv Ry‡o k¦vmcÖk¦vm n‡e †QvÆ †QvÆ; wKš‘ Avcwb †¯”Qvq GUv‡K `xN© ev †QvÆ Ki‡Z hv‡eb bv|

GB av‡c wbwgË1 †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ hw` Avcwb axi I kvšÍfv‡e GK NÈv a‡i GB av‡c fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Ges G mg‡q †Kv‡bv wbwgË Avwef©‚Z bv nq, ZLb Avcbvi Z…Zxq av‡c G‡Mv‡bv DwPZ :

3. Ôm¤ú~Y© k¦vmcÖevn Abyfe K‡i Avwg k¦vm †beÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i| Ôm¤ú~Y© k¦vmcÖevn Abyfe K‡i Avwg k¦vm †djeÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i|

GLv‡b ey× Avcbv‡K cy‡iv k¦vmcÖev‡ni ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ †Lqvj ivL‡Z wb‡ ©k w`‡”Qb| hLb Avcwb GUv Ki‡Z hv‡eb, wbwgË Avwef©‚Z n‡Z cv‡i| †miKg n‡j Avcwb Zr¶Yvr †mw`‡K gb †`‡eb bv, k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi mv‡_ _vKzb|

hw` Avcwb GK NÈv a‡i k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ axi I kvšÍfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib, Avi †Kv‡bv wbwgË Avwef©‚Z bv nq, ZLb Avcbvi PZz_© av‡c hvIqv DwPZ :

4. Ôk¦vmcÖevn kvšÍ K‡i Avwg k¦vm †beÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i| Ôk¦vmcÖevn kvšÍ K‡i Avwg k¦vm †djeÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i|

GUv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi g‡b g‡b wVK Kiv DwPZ †h k¦vmcÖk¦vm kvšÍ

Ki‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ ZvB e‡j k¦vmcÖk¦vm kvšÍ Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨ wKQz Ki‡Z hv‡eb bv †hb| ïay cy‡iv k¦vmcÖev‡ni ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLyb, Avi wKQz Kivi ìKvi †bB| hw` Avcwb Ab¨ wKQz Ki‡Z hvb, Z‡e Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM f½ n‡e Ges gb Ab¨w`‡K m‡i hv‡e| weïw×gvM© e‡j †h, k¦vmcÖk¦vm kvšÍ nIqvi PviwU c~e©kZ© Av‡Q : wPšÍv ( A v ‡ fvM), evi evi ¯§„wZ †Ìqv ( mgb œvn vi ), g‡bv‡hvM ( gb w mKvi ), Ges wePvi

( exgsm)| ZvB GB av‡c Avcbv‡K hv Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡jv k¦vmcÖk¦vm kvšÍ Kivi wm×všÍ †bIqv Ges G wel‡q µgvMZfv‡e mRvM _vKv| Gfv‡e Avcwb †`L‡eb †h k¦vmcÖk¦vm kvšÍ †_‡K kvšÍZi n‡”Q| G mgq 1. wbwgË : wewfbœ ai‡bi `„k¨, kã ev Abyf‚wZ hv a¨v‡bi mgq g‡bi c`©vq †f‡m I‡V|



wbwgË Avwef©‚Z n‡Z cv‡i| wbwgË Avwef©‚Z nIqvi wVK Av‡Mi gyn~‡Z© A‡b‡KB wewfbœ Amyweavi

m¤§yLxb nb| †ewki fvM †jv‡Ki ZLb g‡b nq †h k¦vmcÖk¦vm Lye m~² n‡q †M‡Q Ges †mwU ¯úó Abyf‚Z n‡”Q bv| Zviv nq‡Zv g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i k¦vmcÖk¦vm †_‡g †M‡Q| hw` Ggb nq, ZLb Avcwb me©‡kl †hLv‡b k¦vmcÖk¦vm Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb, †mLv‡b g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv DwPZ Ges †mLv‡b â‡h©i mv‡_ A‡c¶v Kiv DwPZ|

g„Z e¨w³, gvZ…M‡f©i åæY, R‡j wbgw¾Z e¨w³, AÁvb e¨w³, PZz_© a¨v‡b wbgMœ e¨w³, wb‡iva mgvcwË a¨v‡b wbgMœ e¨w³ Ges eªþv : GB mvZ cÖKvi e¨w³ k¦vm †bq bv| wPšÍv K‡i †`Lyb, Avcwb G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bvUvB bb, Avcwb Avm‡jB k¦vm wb‡”Qb, GUv ïay Lye m~² n‡q †M‡Q, hvi d‡j Avcbvi ye©j g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y †mUv‡K Abyfe Ki‡Z m¶g n‡”Qb bv| Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM h‡_ó kw³kvjx bv nIqvq Avcwb k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K ai‡Z cvi‡Qb bv|

hLb k¦vmcÖk¦vm G iKg m~² nq, ZLb Avcbvi GUv‡K e`jv‡bv DwPZ bq, †Kbbv Ggb cÖ‡Póv Avcbv‡K D‡ËwRZ Ki‡e gvÎ Ges G‡Z Avcbvi a¨v‡bi †Kv‡bv DrKl© mvwaZ n‡e bv| Avcbvi k¦vmcÖk¦vm †hgb, †mfv‡eB Avcwb Rvbyb, †Kv‡bv wKQz Ki‡Z hv‡eb bv| hw` GwU ai‡Z bv cv‡ib, Z‡e A‡c¶v Kiæb me©‡kl †hLv‡b k¦vmcÖk¦vm Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb †mLv‡b| Avcwb †`L‡eb †h, hLb Avcwb Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM I cÖÁv‡K Gfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡eb, k¦vmcÖk¦vm Avevi Abyf‚Z n‡e|

k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi a¨v‡bi wbwgË e¨w³we‡k‡l wewfbœ nq| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv wbwgË nq Kvc©vm Zzjvi g‡Zv LuvwU I m~², evqycÖev‡ni g‡Zv cÖengvb, D¾¡jZvq †mwU nq‡Zv ïKZviv, Pzwb ev iZœ A_ev gy³vi g‡Zv| Ab¨‡ì Kv‡Q GwU nq Mv‡Qi uwo A_ev myuPv‡jv ek©vi g‡Zv| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q GwU j¤v `wo ev iwk, †Kv‡bv dz‡ji gvjv, †auvqvi cyÄ, †Kv‡bv gvKomvi Rvj, †Kv‡bv Kzqvkvi `jv, †Kv‡bv cÙdzj, †Kv‡bv PvKv, P› ª ev m~h© BZ¨vw`|

†ewki fvM †¶‡ÎB Kvc©vm Zzjvi g‡Zv LuvwU mv`v wbwgË n‡”Q D`MÖn-wbwgË (†h Qwe ev wPýUv‡K wfwË K‡i a¨v‡b G‡Mv‡Z n‡e), hv mvaviYZ wbim I wb‡iU| hLb GB wbwgË ïKZvivi g‡Zv D¾¡j n‡q I‡V, `xwßgvb I cwi®‹vi n‡q I‡V, ZLb GwU cÖwZfvM-wbwgË (wPý ev Qwei



D¾¡j cÖwZg~wZ©)| hLb †Nvjv‡U †Kv‡bv iZœ cv_‡ii g‡Zv nq, ZLb GwU D`MÖn-wbwgË, wKš‘ hLb D¾¡j I wSKwgK K‡i `xwß Qovq, ZLb GwU cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| Ab¨vb¨ wbwgË¸‡jv‡KI Gfv‡e ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e|

wbwgË wewfbœ R‡bi Kv‡Q wewfbœfv‡e nvwRi nq, KviY GwU msÁv Øviv Drcbœ| wbwgË Avwef©v‡ei Av‡M wewfbœ fvebvKvixi msÁv wewfbœ nIqvi Kvi‡Y wbwgËI wewfbœfv‡e †f‡m Av‡m| hwÌ GB a¨v‡b fvebvi welq †Kej k¦vmcÖk¦vm, ZeyI GwU e¨w³we‡k‡li Dci wbf©i K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi wbwgË Dcnvi †`q|

GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q, hLb Avcwb GB av‡c †cuŠQv‡eb, ZLb Avcbvi wbwgË‡K wb‡q †Ljv Ki‡Z hv‡eb bv| GUv‡K nvwi‡q †h‡Z †`‡eb bv, B”QvK…Zfv‡e GwUi AvK…wZ ev †Pnviv e`jv‡Z hv‡eb bv| hw` Avcwb †miKg K‡ib, Z‡e Avcbvi a¨v‡bi kÖxe„w× n‡e bv, Avcbvi AMÖMwZ †mLv‡bB †_‡g hv‡e| Avcbvi wbwgË Lye m¤¢e nvwi‡q hv‡e| ZvB hLb cÖ_g wbwgË Avwef©‚Z n‡e, ZLb Avcwb gbUv‡K k¦vmcÖk¦vm †_‡K wbwg‡Ëi w`‡K †h‡Z †`‡eb bv| hw` †h‡Z †`b, ZLb †`L‡eb †h wbwgË P‡j †M‡Q|

hLb Avcwb †`L‡eb †h wbwgË my „p I myw ’Z n‡q‡Q, Avcbvi gb wb‡R †_‡KB wbwg‡Ë GKvMÖ n‡q Av‡Q, ZLb gbUv‡K †mLv‡bB _vK‡Z w`b| hw` Avcwb gbUv‡K †mLvb †_‡K mwi‡q Av‡bb, Zvn‡j Lye m¤¢e Avcwb a¨v‡bi g‡bv‡hvM nvwi‡q †dj‡eb|

hw` wbwgË Avcbvi KvQ †_‡K A‡bK ~‡i Avwef©‚Z nq, †mUv‡K D‡c¶v Kiæb, †Kbbv GwU m¤¢eZ nvwi‡q hv‡e| hw` Avcwb GUv‡K D‡c¶v K‡ib, Avi k¦vmcÖk¦vm †hLv‡b ¯úk© K‡i, †mLv‡b g‡bv‡hvM a‡i iv‡Lb, wbwgË Avm‡e Ges w ’i n‡q _vK‡e|

k¦vmcÖk¦vm †hLv‡b ¯úk© K‡i, †mLv‡bB hw` wbwgË Avwef©‚Z nq, †mUv hw` myw ’i nq, †mUv hw` Ggbfv‡e Avwef©‚Z nq †hb GwUB k¦vmcÖk¦vm Ges k¦vmcÖk¦vmUvB wbwgË, ZLb k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K fz‡j hvb, ïay wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLyb| gbUv‡K k¦vmcÖk¦vm †_‡K wbwg‡Ë ’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i Avcwb Gfv‡e AviI AMÖmi n‡Z m¶g n‡eb|

Gfv‡e gbUv‡K wbwg‡Ë wb‡q Avmvi d‡j wbwgË mv`v †_‡K AviI mv`v nq, hLb GwU Zz‡jvi g‡Zv mv`v nq, ZLb GwU D`MÖn-wbwgË|

Avcbvi „p msKí Kiv DwPZ †h GB mv`v D`MÖn-wbwg‡Ë GK, yB,



wZb ev ZviI †ewk mgq a‡i Avcwb gbUv‡K kvšÍfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡eb| hw` D`MÖn-wbwg‡Ë GK ev yB NÈv a‡i gbUv‡K a‡i ivL‡Z mg_© nb, ZLb wbwgËwU AviI D¾¡j, AviI cwi®‹vi, AviI `xwßgvb nIqvi K_v| hw` †Zgb nq, ZLb †mwUB cÖwZfvM-wbwgË (D¾¡j cÖwZg~wZ©)| Avcbvi gbUv‡K cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë GK, yB ev wZb NÈve¨vcx a‡i ivLvi msKí Kiæb Ges †mfv‡e fvebv Abykxjb Kiæb| Abykxjb Kiæb, hZ¶Y bv Avcwb mdj nb|

GB av‡c Avcwb nq DcPvi a¨v‡bi Í‡i †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Qb (†hUv‡K ejv nq a¨v‡bi KvQvKvwQ avc), A_ev Ac©Yv a¨v‡bi Í‡i †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Qb (†hUv‡K ejv nq Mfxi I cwic~Y© a¨vb)| DcPvi a¨vb ejv nq G Kvi‡Y †h, GUv a¨v‡bi Lye KvQvKvwQ Ges a¨v‡b cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡Mi avc| Mfxi g‡bv‡hvMB n‡”Q a¨vb|

Dfq a¨v‡bi welqe ‘B n‡”Q cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ ïay GKwU RvqMvq Avi †mwU n‡”Q, DcPvi a¨v‡b a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv cwic~Y©fv‡e weKvk jvf K‡i bv| G Kvi‡Y fev½-wPË Drcbœ nq Ges Avcwb fev‡½ (cÖwZmwÜwPË) c‡o †h‡Z cv‡ib| fvebvKvix ZLb e‡jb †h, mewKQz †_‡g †M‡Q, Avi g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h GwUB wbe©vY| Avm‡j wKš‘ gbUv _v‡g wb, fvebvKvix my`¶ bb e‡jB †mUv eyS‡Z m¶g n‡”Qb bv, KviY fev½-wP‡Ëi MwZcÖK…wZ LyeB m~²|

fev‡½ c‡o hvIqvUv Gov‡Z Ges AviI GwM‡q †h‡Z Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e cÂ-Bw› ªq; h_v : kÖ×v, exh©, ¯§„wZ, mgvwa Ges cÖÁv‡K, hviv Avcbvi gbUv‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K †V‡j †`‡e Ges cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë gbUv‡K a‡i ivL‡e| cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K Rvb‡Z n‡j evi evi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z nq, ¯§„wZ‡K me mgq RvMÖZ ivL‡Z nq †hb GUv‡K bv †fv‡j, Ges fv‡jvg‡Zv eySvi Rb¨ Zxÿè cÖÁvi ìKvi nq|

Kxfv‡e Avcwb cÂ-Bw› ª‡qi gv‡S mgZv Avbqb Ki‡eb cÂ-Bw› ªq n‡”Q cuvPwU kw³ hv gb‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i, Ges kg_ I we`k©‡bi c_ †_‡K gb‡K wePz¨Z n‡Z †`q bv, †h c_ †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q wbe©v‡Y| hw` GB cuvPwU Bw› ª‡qi †Kv‡bvUv AwZwi³ nq, Z‡e Zv fvimvg¨nxb Ae ’vi m„wó K‡i|



cÖ_g Bw› ªq n‡”Q kÖ×v ev wek¦vm| wek¦vm ivL‡Z n‡e wÎiZœ, A_ev Kg© I Kg©d‡ji Dc‡i| ey‡×i ey×‡Z¡ wek¦vm ivLvUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, †Kbbv GUv bv n‡j a¨v‡b Zvi AebwZ NU‡e| ey‡×i wk¶v‡Z wek¦vm ivLvUvI ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ey‡×i wk¶v n‡”Q Pvi gvM©, Pvi dj I wbe©vY BZ¨vw`| ey‡×i wk¶v Avgv‡ì fvebvq c_ †`Lvq, ZvB cÖ‡Z¨KwU av‡c Zvi wk¶vi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì m¤ú~Y© wek¦vm ivLvUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

aiv hvK fvebvKvix fv‡e, Ôïay k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K †`‡L †`‡LB wK a¨vb cvIqv hv‡e? GUv wK mwZ¨ †h D`MÖn-wbwgË n‡”Q mv`v Kvc©vm Zzjvi g‡Zv, Avi cÖwZfvM-wbwgË n‡”Q cwi®‹vi eid ev Kv‡Pi g‡Zv?Õ hw` G ai‡bi wPšÍv g‡b me mgq NyicvK Lvq, Z‡e Zv G ai‡bi „wófw½i Rb¥ †`q, †hgb ÔeZ©gvb hy‡M Avi a¨vb cvIqv hv‡e bv|Õ G‡Z K‡i ey‡×i wk¶v †_‡K fvebvKvixi Av ’v K‡g hv‡e, kg_ fvebvq cwic~Y©Zv jvf Ki‡Z wM‡q nvj †Q‡o †Ìqv †_‡K †m Avi wb‡R‡K _vgv‡Z cvi‡e bv|

ZvB k¦vmcÖk¦vm wb‡q fvebvKvix e¨w³i cÖej wek¦vm _vKv ìKvi| wbtm‡›`n n‡qB Zvi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebv Kiv DwPZ| Zvi wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ : Ôa¨vb jvf Kiv m¤¢e, hw` Avwg wVKg‡Zv mg¨Km¤y‡×i wb‡ ©kvejx AbymiY Kwi|Õ

Avevi †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` †Kv‡bv wKQz‡Z AwZwi³ gvÎvq wek¦vmcÖeY n‡q c‡o Ges G‡¶‡Î †mUv hw` k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZ n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j gvÎvwZwi³ wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y cÖÁv (wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i mwVK wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nIqvi ¶gZv) ¯”Q nq bv| Ab¨vb¨ kw³¸‡jv h_v : exh© (cÖ‡Póv), ¯§„wZ I mgvwa (g‡bv‡hvM) ye©j n‡q c‡o| exh©kw³ Avi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë D¾¡j iƒc ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges gbUv‡K †mLv‡b a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| ¯§„wZ cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë Ávb‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| mgvwakw³ gb‡K ZLb Ab¨ welqe ‘‡Z †h‡Z evav w`‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖÁvkw³ cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K wefvRb K‡i †`L‡Z e¨_© nq| †h‡nZz cÖÁvkw³ ZLb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K eyS‡Z e¨_© nq Ges kÖ×v‡K mnvqZv w`‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvB AwZwi³ cÖÁv G‡¶‡Î Avm‡j wek¦vmUv‡KB Kwg‡q †`q|

hw` exh© (cÖ‡Póv) gvÎvwZwi³ nq, ZLb kÖ×v †Kv‡bv wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ n‡Z cv‡i bv, ¯§„wZ cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡i bv, mgvwa g‡bi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZv‡K evav w`‡Z cv‡i bv, cÖÁv we‡kølY K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB AwZwi³



exh© gb‡K cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë myw ’ifv‡e ivL‡Z cv‡i bv, Ges cÖkvwšÍ, g‡bv‡hvM I D‡c¶v †eva¨½¸‡jv h‡_ó kw³ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

weÁ e¨w³iv kÖ×vi mv‡_ cÖÁv I mgvwai mv‡_ ex‡h©i mvg¨Zvi cÖksmv K‡ib| D`vniY¯iƒc, hw` kÖ×v cÖej I cÖÁv ye©j nq, Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †Kv‡bv welqe ‘‡Z kÖ×v ev wek¦vm ’vcb K‡ib †Kv‡bv wKQz bv ey‡SB| D`vniY¯iƒc, wZwb cÖvPxb †eŠ×a‡g©i evB‡ii welqe ‘ †hgb, i¶vKvix †èZv‡ì cÖwZ kÖ×v ev wek¦vm ’vcb K‡ib|

Ab¨w`‡K hw` cÖÁv kw³kvjx I kÖ×v ye©j nq, †mB e¨w³ PvjvK n‡q I‡Vb| a¨vb Kiv ev` w`‡q Zviv Zv‡ì mgq KvUvb ïay hyw³Z‡K©i ga¨ w`‡q| GUv A‡bKUv gvÎvwZwi³ Ilya †me‡bi g‡Zv, hvi wPwKrmv Kiv Lye KwVb|

hw` kÖ×v I cÖÁv mgZvq _v‡K, Zvn‡j wek¦v‡mi †hvM¨ welqe ‘‡Z, †hgb wÎiZœ, Kg© I Kg©d‡j Zvi wek¦vm _vK‡e| †m wek¦vm Ki‡e †h ey‡×i wb‡ ©k Abymv‡i a¨vb Ki‡j cÖwZfvM-wbwgË I a¨vb jvf Kiv m¤¢e|

Avevi hw` mgvwa (g‡bv‡hvM) cÖej, wKš‘ exh© ev cÖ‡Póv ye©j nq, ZLb fvebvKvix e¨w³ Ajm n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| hw` exh© cÖej, wKš‘ mgvwa ye©j nq, ZLb †m PÂj n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ hw` mgvwa I ex‡h©i mgZv _v‡K, Zvn‡j †m AjmI n‡e bv, PÂjI n‡e bv Ges a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e|

†Kv‡bv e¨w³ kg_ a¨vb †c‡Z B”QzK n‡j Zvi wek¦vm cÖej n‡j fv‡jv nq| hw` †m fv‡e, ÔcÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡j Avwg wbwðZ a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z m¶g n‡evÕ ZLb †mB wek¦v‡mi kw³‡Z ejxqvb n‡q, Ges cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †m wbwðZB a¨vb jvf Ki‡e| KviY, a¨vb n‡”Q g~jZ mgvwai Z_v g‡bv‡hv‡Mi welq|

we`k©b fvebvKvix e¨w³i cÖÁv cÖej nIqv fv‡jv, KviY cÖÁv cÖej n‡j †m we‡kølYc~e©K AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ GB wÎj¶Y‡K eyS‡Z Ges †`L‡Z mg_© n‡e|

hLb mgvwa I cÖÁvi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ eRvq _v‡K, ZLb †jŠwKK a¨vb AR©b Kiv hvq| Avevi ey× †hfv‡e kg_ I we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Z wkwL‡q‡Qb †mfv‡e a¨vb Ki‡j †jv‡KvËi a¨vb AR©b Kiv m¤¢e ZLbB, hLb mgvwa I cÖÁvi g‡a¨ mgZv weivR K‡i| ¯§„wZ me mgqB ìKvix,



†Kbbv GwU gb‡K AwZwi³ kÖ×v, exh© ev cÖÁvi ekeZ©x n‡q PÂj nIqv †_‡K i¶v K‡i Ges AwZwi³ mgvwai d‡j Ajm nIqv †_‡K i¶v K‡i| GwU kÖ×vi mv‡_ cÖÁv, mgvwai mv‡_ exh© Ges mgvwai mv‡_ cÖÁvi g‡a¨ mgZv Av‡b|

AvPvi evbv‡Z †hgb me mgq jeY jv‡M, ivRvi KvRKviev‡i me mgq †hgb gš¿x jv‡M, †mfv‡eB me mgq me©‡¶‡Î ¯§„wZ ìKvix| ZvB cÖvPxb A_©K_vq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, fMevb ey× e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h‡Kv‡bv a¨v‡bi wel‡q ¯§„wZ me mgqB cÖ‡qvRb|Õ †Kb? KviY, GwU n‡”Q fvebvKvix-g‡bi Rb¨ AvkÖq I i¶vKZ©v| ¯§„wZ GKwU AvkÖq, KviY GwU gb‡K D”P Í‡i wb‡q hvq, †hLv‡b gb KL‡bvB Av‡m wb Av‡M| ¯§„wZ e¨wZ‡i‡K gb †Kv‡bv we‡kl I AmvaviY Íi jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ¯§„wZ gb‡K i¶v K‡i, a¨v‡bi welqe ‘‡K gb †_‡K nvwi‡q †h‡Z †`q bv| ZvB hviv GUv‡K AšÍ ©…wó w`‡q Rv‡b, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q ¯§„wZ †hb a¨v‡bi welqe ‘‡K i¶vKvix, †mB mv‡_ fvebvKvixi g‡bi i¶vKZ©vI e‡U| ¯§„wZ Qvov †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Zvi gb‡K Dc‡i Zzj‡Z ev wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G Kvi‡YB ey× GUv‡K me©Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq e‡j‡Qb|

Kxfv‡e Avcwb mß †eva¨½‡K mgZvq Avb‡eb k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m ¯§„wZ †i‡L †KD hw` a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvn‡j Zvi mß †eva¨‡½i gv‡S mgZv weavb Kiv Riæwi| G¸‡jv n‡”Q : 1. ¯§„wZ : hv cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K g‡b iv‡L Ges evi evi GwU‡K j¶

K‡i| 2. ag©wePq (ag© ‡jvi wePvi) : hv cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K Zx¶è AšÍ ©…wói

gva¨‡g ey‡S †bq| 3. exh© (cÖ‡Póv) : hv †eva¨½¸‡jv‡K GKÎ K‡i Ges cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë

Zv‡ì mgvbfv‡e Rwo‡q iv‡L; we‡klZ GwU wb‡R‡K I †mB mv‡_ ag©wePq‡K AviI cÖej K‡i| 4. cÖxwZ : cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K Rvbvi Rb¨ Lywkfve| 5. cÖkvwšÍ : g‡bi I g‡bi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi kvšÍfve, hv‡ì welqe ‘B

n‡”Q cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| 6. mgvwa : cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë g‡bi GKvMÖZv|



7. D‡c¶v : g‡bi mgZv, hv cÖwZfvM-wbwgË †c‡q PÂjI bq, Avevi Zv †_‡K wb‡R‡K mwi‡qI †bq bv|

fvebvKvix‡K Aek¨B GB mß †eva¨½‡K cwic~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mgZvq Avb‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Póv h_vh_ bv n‡j gb a¨v‡bi welqe ‘ Z_v cÖwZfvM-wbwgË †_‡K ~‡i m‡i hvq| G‡¶‡Î cÖkvwšÍ, mgvwa I D‡c¶v‡K bv evwo‡q evov‡bv ìKvi ag©wePq, exh© I cÖxwZ‡K| G‡Z gb cybivq D¾xweZ nq| hLb exh© AZ¨vwaK nq, gb ZLb PÂj I j¶ë ‘ †_‡K wew¶ß nq| ZLb wKš‘ fvebvKvixi c‡¶ ag©wePq, exh© I cÖxwZ‡K evov‡bv DwPZ bq, eis Zvi D‡ëvUv Kiv DwPZ, A_©vr G‡¶‡Î evov‡bv DwPZ cÖkvwšÍ, mgvwa I D‡c¶v‡K| Gfv‡e PÂj I wew¶ß gb eva¨ nq I kvšÍ n‡q I‡V|

Gfv‡eB cÂ-Bw› ªq I mß †eva¨½‡K mgZvq Avb‡Z nq|

Kxfv‡e Avcwb a¨vb jvf Ki‡eb cÂ-Bw› ªq—kÖ×v, exh©, ¯§„wZ, mgvwa I cÖÁv—hLb h‡_ó cwigv‡Y cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i, mgvwa (g‡bv‡hvM) ZLb DcPvi a¨vb †_‡K Ac©Yv a¨v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvq| a¨v‡b †cuŠQ‡j Avcwb wbwe©‡Nœ cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcwb Gfv‡e _vK‡Z cvi‡eb K‡qK NÈv, GgbwK mviv ivZ A_ev mvivUv w`b|

hLb gb Gfv‡e cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë me mgq †j‡M _v‡K GK ev yB NÈv a‡i, Avcbvi ZLb Rvbvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ †Kv_vq g‡bvØvi (fev½wPË) Ae ’vb K‡i| †mUvB g‡bvØvi-iƒc| fev½wPË n‡”Q D¾¡j I `xwßgvb| A_©K_vq GUv‡K g‡bvØvi ejv n‡q‡Q| hw` Avcwb A‡bK A‡bKevi †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j GKmgq g‡bvØvi I cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K wPb‡Z cvi‡eb| Gici Avcbvi a¨v‡bi cuvPwU A½‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i †Pbv ìKvi| µgvMZ Abykxj‡bi d‡j Avcwb a¨vbv½-¸‡jv‡K GKev‡iB wP‡b †dj‡Z cvi‡eb| a¨v‡bi cuvPwU A½ n‡”Q : 1. weZK© (D‡Ïk¨g~jK wPšÍv) : k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë gb‡K

cwiPvjbv Kiv I †mLv‡b ivLv| 2. wePvi (wbiew”Qbœ wPšÍv) : k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë gb‡K a‡i



ivLv| 3. cÖxwZ : k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K cQ›` Kiv| 4. myL : k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZfvM-wbwgË m¤ú‡K© myLx g‡bvfve| 5. GKvMÖZv : k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi Dc‡i g‡bi GKvMÖZv| a¨v‡bi GB A½¸‡jv‡KB mgwšZfv‡e a¨vb ejv nq| a¨vb

Abykxj‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q, Avcbvi `xN©¶Y a‡i a¨v‡b cÖ‡e‡ki Abykxjb Kiv DwPZ| a¨vbv½¸‡jv‡K Rvbvi Rb¨ †ewk mgq e¨q Kiv DwPZ bq|

a¨v‡bi Dc‡i Avcbvi `¶Zv (ekxfve) M‡o †Zvjv DwPZ| cuvP cÖKvi `¶Zv Av‡Q :

1. a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv‡K †Pbvi ¶gZv1| 2. hLb Lywk a¨v‡b cÖ‡e‡ki `¶Zv| 3. hZ¶Y B”Qv ZZ¶Y a¨v‡b _vKvi `¶Zv| 4. AgyK mg‡q a¨vb †_‡K DVe—Giƒc wm×všÍ Abyhvqx h_vmg‡q

a¨vb †_‡K DVvi `¶Zv| 5. a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv‡K ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi `¶Zv|

A½yËi wbKv‡qi ceŸ‡Zq¨Mvfx m~‡Î ey× e‡j‡Qb, cÖ_g a¨v‡b my`¶ bv n‡q wØZxq a¨v‡b hvIqvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ bq| wZwb e¨vL¨v K‡i w`‡q‡Qb †h hw` †KD cÖ_g a¨v‡b me©w`K w`‡q my`¶ bv n‡q D”PZi a¨v‡b hvIqvi †Póv K‡i, Zvn‡j †m cÖ_g a¨vb nviv‡e, mv‡_ mv‡_ D”PZi a¨vb¸‡jvI jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| †m me¸‡jv a¨vbB nvwi‡q †dj‡e|

hLb Avcwb cÖ_g a¨v‡b my`¶ n‡eb, mewKQz Avcbvi Avq‡Z¡ Avm‡e, ZLb Avcwb wØZxq a¨v‡b AMÖmi nIqvi †Póv ïiæ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbv‡K cÖ_g a¨v‡b XzK‡Z n‡e, Zv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z n‡e Ges 1. a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv‡K †Pbv I ch©v‡jvPbv KivUv GKB g‡bvØvi-exw_‡Z N‡U _v‡K| †Pbvi KvRUv N‡U g‡bvØviveZ©b wP‡Ëi gva¨‡g, G‡ÿ‡Î hvi welqe¯‘ nq a¨v‡bi cuvPwU A‡½i †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU A½, †hgb weZK©| ch©v‡jvPbvi KvRUv N‡U Pvi, cuvP, Qq ev mvZwU ch©v‡jvPbvKvix AbyiYb (Reb) wP‡Ë, †hB wPË¸‡jv g‡bi ìRvi †Pbvi wP‡Ëi ci ciB Drcbœ nq, hv‡ì welqe ‘I GKB| we ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ cÂg †`kbv †`Lyb|



cÖ_g a¨v‡bi †`vl ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e, Avi wØZxq a¨v‡bi myweav¸‡jv †f‡e †`L‡Z n‡e| †mUv Ki‡Z n‡e Gfv‡e : cÖ_g a¨vb n‡”Q cÂ bxei‡Yi Lye KvQvKvwQ, weZK© I wePvi GB a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv ’‚j, ZvB wØZxq a¨v‡bi †P‡q GUv A‡bK Kg kvšÍ, wØZxq a¨v‡b GB a¨vbv½¸‡jv †bB, ZvB †mwU cÖ_g a¨v‡bi Zzjbvq Lye kvšÍ| AZGe, GB ywU a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jvi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Kvgbv bv †i‡L, †Kej cÖxwZ, myL I GKvMÖZvi Rb¨ Avevi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡eB Avcwb wØZxq a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb †hLv‡b _v‡K ïay wZbwU a¨v‡bi A½ : cÖxwZ, myL I GKvMÖZv| Gic‡i wØZxq a¨v‡b cuvP cÖKv‡i my`¶ nIqvUv AvqZ¡ Kiv DwPZ|

hLb wØZxq a¨vb Avcbvi Avq‡Z¡ Avm‡e, Ges Z…Zxq a¨vb †c‡Z PvB‡eb, ZLb wØZxq a¨vb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m Gi †`vl¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e Avi Z…Zxq a¨v‡bi myweav¸‡jv †`L‡Z n‡e| A_©vr, wØZxq a¨vb n‡”Q cÖ_g a¨v‡bi KvQvKvwQ, Avi G‡Z Av‡Q cÖxwZ bvgK a¨vb A½ hv ’~j| ZvB GwU Z…Zxq a¨v‡bi †P‡q Kg kvšÍ, †Kbbv Z…Zxq a¨v‡b cÖxwZ a¨v‡bi A½wU †bB, ZvB GwU AviI kvšÍ| Gfv‡e g‡b g‡b Z…Zxq a¨vb jv‡fi AvKv•ÿv wb‡q Gevi Avcbvi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ| Gfv‡e Avcwb Z…Zxq a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, †hLv‡b Av‡Q †Kej myL I GKvMÖZv| Z…Zxq a¨vb jv‡fi c‡i Avcbvi GB a¨v‡b cuvP cÖKv‡i my`¶ nIqvUv AvqZ¡ Kiv DwPZ|

hLb G‡Z mdj n‡eb Ges PZz_© a¨vb †c‡Z PvB‡eb, ZLb Avcbv‡K Z…Zxq a¨vb †_‡K †ei n‡q G‡m Z…Zxq a¨v‡bi †`vl¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e Avi PZz_© a¨v‡bi myweav¸‡jv †f‡e †`L‡Z n‡e| A_©vr, Gfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e, Z…Zxq a¨v‡b myL bvgK a¨vbv½ ev a¨v‡bi Dcv`vb Av‡Q, hv ’‚j, ZvB GwU PZz_© a¨v‡bi †P‡q Kg kvšÍ| PZz_© a¨vb jv‡fi B‡”Q wb‡q GLb Avcbvi Avevi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ| Gfv‡eB Avcwb PZz_© a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, hv‡Z Av‡Q †Kej D‡c¶v I GKvMÖZv| Gici Avcbvi PZz_© a¨v‡b cuvP cÖKv‡i my`¶ nIqvUv AvqZ¡ Kiv DwPZ|

PZz_© a¨vb jv‡fi mv‡_ mv‡_ k¦vmcÖk¦vm m¤ú~Y© eÜ n‡q hvq| G‡Z K‡i Avbvcvb¯§„wZi PZz_© avc m¤ú~Y© nq :

4. Ôk¦vmcÖevn kvšÍ K‡i Avwg k¦vm †beÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i|



Ôk¦vmcÖevn kvšÍ K‡i Avwg k¦vm †djeÕ Gfv‡e †m fvebv K‡i| GB avcUv ïiæ nq wbwgË Avwef©‚Z nIqvi wVK Av‡M Av‡M| PviwU

a¨v‡bi †fZi w`‡q AMÖmi nIqvi mgq a¨vb hZB Mfxi n‡Z _v‡K, k¦vmcÖk¦vm ZZB kvšÍ †_‡K AviI kvšÍ, m~² †_‡K AviI m~² n‡q I‡V, hZ¶Y bv PZz_© a¨v‡b wM‡q cy‡ivcywi eÜ n‡q hvq|

hLb fvebvKvix k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi a¨v‡bi gva¨‡g PZz_© a¨v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvb, Avi cuvP cÖKv‡i my`¶ n‡q I‡Vb, g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †mB Av‡jv D¾¡j, †``xc¨gvb n‡q I‡V, ZLb wZwb B‡”Q Ki‡j we`k©b fvebvq AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡ib| A_ev wZwb kg_ fvebvq `¶Zv jv‡fi Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡ib| †mUvB Avgvi cieZ©x †`kbvi welqe ‘, Kxfv‡e `k K…r‡mœi gva¨‡g kg_ a¨vb Ki‡Z nq|

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 1 cÖkœ 1.1 : A vb vc vb ¯§„w Zi Pvi wU a v‡ c †Kgb K‡ i A vgi v eySe KL b GK a vc †_ ‡ K A v‡ i K a v‡ c †h‡ Z n‡ e? DËi 1.1 : ey× Avbvcvb¯§„wZ wkwL‡q‡Qb av‡c av‡c : `xN© k¦vm, †QvÆ

k¦vm, cy‡iv k¦vm, Avi m~² k¦vm—G¸‡jv ïaygvÎ eySvi myweavi Rb¨| ev Í‡e a¨vb Kivi mgq GB PviwU avcB GKB mg‡q NU‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, k¦vm hLb `xN© nq, Avgv‡ì cy‡iv k¦vmUv‡KB Rvbvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ| hLb k¦vm †QvU nq, msw¶ß nq, ZL‡bv Avgv‡ì cy‡iv k¦vmUv‡K Rvbvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ| GUv †Kej ZLbB Kiv DwPZ hLb Avcbvi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi h‡_ó DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| D`vniY¯iƒc, hLb Avcwb Ava NÈv g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib ZLb| Gici Avcwb hw` cy‡iv `xN© k¦vm I †QvÆ k¦v‡mi Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib NÈv LvwbK, Zvn‡j k¦vmcÖk¦vm Ggwb‡ZB m~² n‡q hv‡e, Avi ZLb Avcwb †mB m~² k¦v‡m g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvi‡eb| hw` k¦vmcÖk¦vm m~² bv nq, Avcbvi ïaygvÎ k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ| Avcwb KL‡bvB B‡”Q K‡i k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K m~² Ki‡eb bv, A_ev `xN© ev †QvÆ Ki‡eb bv| Gfv‡e, PviwU avcB GKUv av‡c G‡m hvq| PZz_© av‡c k¦vmcÖk¦vm †Kej m~² n‡q hvq, cy‡ivcywi eÜ nq bv| k¦vmcÖk¦vm cy‡ivcywi †_‡g hvq †Kej PZz_© a¨v‡b| GUvB me‡P‡q



m~²Zg avc| cÖkœ 1.2 : a ¨v‡ b w bw gË _ vKvi c Ö‡ q vR b A v‡ Q w K? DËi 1.2 : wKQz wKQz a¨vb Av‡Q †hgb Avbvcvb, K…rmœ a¨vb I Aïf

a¨v‡b GKUv wbwgË cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ a¨v‡bi welq †hgb ey×vby¯§„wZ‡Z a¨vb jv‡fi Rb¨ wbwg‡Ëi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| ˆgÎx-fvebvq mxgv †f‡O †djv‡K ejv nq wbwgË| cÖkœ 1.3 : †KD †KD e‡ j †h k¦vmc Ök¦v‡ mi a ¨v‡ b i mg‡ q Zv‡ ì A vZ¥v

†`‡ n i evB ‡ i P‡ j hvq | GUv w K m w Z¨, b vw K Zvi v fzj c ‡ _ Av‡ Q? DËi 1.3 : GKvMÖ gb ¯vfvweKfv‡eB wbwgË m„wó K‡i| hLb

g‡bv‡hvM Mfxi, cÖej I kw³kvjx nq, wewfbœ msÁvi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi wbwgË nvwRi nq| †hgb, hw` Avcwb wbwgË‡K `xN© Pvb, GwU `xN© n‡e; hw` Avcwb GUv‡K †QvU Pvb, GwU †QvU n‡e; hw` Avcwb †Mvj Pvb, GwU †Mvj n‡e; hw` Avcwb jvj Pvb, GwU jvj n‡q hv‡e| AZGe, k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi a¨v‡b bvbv ai‡bi msÁvi DrcwË n‡Z cv‡i| Avcwb wb‡R‡K †`‡ni evB‡i †`L‡Z cvb| GUv g‡bi m„wó gvÎ, AvZ¥vi Kvi‡Y bq| GUv †Kv‡bv mgm¨v bq| GUv‡K cvËv bv w`‡q wb‡Ri k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx †nvb|

GKgvÎ hLb Avcwb †fZ‡ii I evB‡ii cigv_© bvgiƒc‡K h_vh_fv‡e wPb‡eb, ZLb Avcwb AvZ¥vi mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb : Avcwb ZLb †Kv_vI AvZ¥v‡K Lyu‡R cv‡eb bv| ZvB Avcbv‡K †`ng‡bi euvab‡K †f‡O †f‡O cig †`ngb‡K †`L‡Z n‡e, Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡e|

Ôb vb va vZz‡ hv w ew b fzw R Z¡v N b w ew b ‡ fv‡ M K‡ Z A b Ëj KL b s hv_ vemi m‡ Zv Dc UVvw ZÕ : hLb Avgiv GB Nb euvab‡K †f‡O †dwj, AbvZ¥msÁvi D`q nq| †`n I g‡bi wbweo euva‡bi Kvi‡YB AvZ¥v aviYvi Rb¥ nq|

†`‡ni wbweoZv‡K fvO‡Z wM‡q Avcbv‡K cÖ_‡g iƒcKjvc‡K (¶z`ª KYv) wPb‡Z n‡e| Gi c‡i wPb‡Z n‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi cigv_© iƒc‡K, †h¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨KwU iƒcKjv‡c Kgc‡¶ AvUwU K‡i _v‡K| GUv Kiv e¨ZxZ AvZ¥vi aviYv wejyß n‡e bv|

GKBfv‡e, g‡bi wbweoZv‡K fvOv e¨ZxZ AvZ¥vi aviYvUv P‡j hv‡e bv| D`vniY¯iƒc, hLb gb Gw`K Iw`K Ny‡i †eovq, Avcwb nq‡Zv g‡b



Ki‡Z cv‡ib, GB ågYiZ gbUvB n‡”Q AvZ¥v| Av‡iKUv D`vniY n‡”Q Ôw em •L vi MZs w PË sÕ| GLv‡b w em •L vi gv‡b n‡”Q Ôms¯‹viwenxbÕ, A_©vr wbe©vY| ms¯‹vi¸‡jv n‡”Q bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv| wbe©v‡Yi †Kv‡bv ms¯‹vi †bB, wKš‘ wbe©vY‡K †`Lvi Kv‡R †PZbvRwbZ ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb| ey‡×i †¶‡Î GUv n‡”Q An©Ë¡djwPË I Zvi mv‡_ Drcbœ (mnRvZ) ˆPZwmK¸‡jv| hw` GUv cÖ_g a¨vb An©Ë¡djwPË nq, Zvn‡j †mLv‡b _v‡K 37wU wPËms¯‹vi| hviv GL‡bv gvM©Ávb, djÁvb, I we`k©b Ávb jvf K‡ib wb, A_ev hviv GL‡bv g‡bi wbweoZv‡K †f‡O †d‡jbwb, Zviv wPË‡KB Zv‡ì AvZ¥v e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ g‡bi wbweoZv‡K †f‡O †f‡O †`L‡j Zviv †`L‡eb †h wPË I Zvi ˆPZwmK¸‡jv ªæZMwZ‡Z Drcbœ I wejxb n‡q hv‡”Q| Awb‡Zï aviYvi mv‡_ Avm‡e Abv‡Z¥i aviYv| †gwNqmy‡Î ey× e‡j‡Qb : ÔA w b ” Pm w TT‡ b v †gw Nq A b ËmTTv mÉvw ZÕ| hv‡ì AwbZ¨ †`Lvi g‡Zv AšÍ ©…wó Lye Zx¶è, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q AbvZ¥ †`Lvi g‡Zv AšÍ ©…wó cwi®‹vifv‡e Drcbœ nq| cÖkœ 1.4 : [A vb vc vb ] wb w gË †Kv‡ Ì‡ K A v‡ m? GUv Kx Kvi ‡ Y Drc b œ

n q ? DËi 1.4 : †ewki fvM g‡bi Ae ’v¸‡jv k¦vmcÖk¦vm wb‡q g‡bi

cÖwZwµqvi Kvi‡Y Drcbœ nq| mwZ¨Kv‡ii Avbvcvb-wbwgË Drcbœ nq k¦vmcÖk¦vm †_‡K| Z‡e cÖ‡Z¨K g‡bi Ae ’vB wbwgË Drcbœ K‡i bv| †Kej Mfxifv‡e GKvMÖ gbB wbwgË Drcbœ K‡i| AZGe, Mfxi I GKvMÖ g‡bi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m Avbvcvb-wbwgË Avwef©‚Z nq| hw` wbwgËwU bv‡Ki WMv †_‡K ~‡i †`Lv hvq, Zvn‡j GwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii wbwgË bq| GKvMÖZvi Kvi‡Y wbwgË Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ †mUv me mgq mwZ¨Kv‡ii wbwgË nq bv| hw` GB wbwg‡Ëi gva¨‡g a¨vb Drcbœ nq, ZLb Avgiv †mUv‡K Avbvcvb-wbwgË ewj| wKš‘ hw` GwU a¨vb Drcbœ bv K‡i, Zvn‡j †mUv mwZ¨Kv‡ii Avbvcvb-wbwgË bq| hw` Avcwb †mB wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM †`b, Zvn‡j a¨vb Drcbœ n‡e bv| mvaviYZ G‡Z g‡bv‡hvMUv Zxeª I kw³kvjx nq bv| hw` Avcwb Ggb wbwgË wb‡q a¨vb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, †mUv kxNªB nvwi‡q hv‡e| cÖkœ 1.5 : w eï w ×i m vZw U a vc Ges †l vj w U w e`k ©b Ávb Kx Kx ? DËi 1.5 : weïw×i mvZwU avc n‡”Q :

1. kxjweïw×,



2. wPËweïw×, 3. „wóweïw×, 4. K•Lv-DËiY-weïw×, 5. gvM©-AgvM© Ávb`k©b-weïw×, 6. cÖwZc`-Ávb`k©b-weïw×, Ges 7. Ávb`k©b-weïw×|

†lvjwU we`k©b Ávb n‡”Q : 1. bvgiƒc cwi‡”Q` Ávb, 2. cÖZ¨q-cwiMÖn Ávb, 3. msgk©b Ávb, 4. D`q-wejq Ávb, 5. f½-Ávb, 6. fq-Ávb, 7. Av`xbe Ávb, 8. wb‡e© Ávb, 9. gyw³Kvg¨Zv Ávb, 10. cÖwZmsL¨v Ávb, 11. ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb, 12. Aby‡jvg Ávb, 13. †MvÎfz Ávb, 14. gvM©Ávb, 15. djÁvb, Ges 16. cÖZ¨‡e¶Y-Ávb|

GLb Avcwb †lvjwU we`k©b Áv‡bi bvg Rv‡bb, fv‡jv K_v; wKš‘ Avcwb wK †m¸‡jv wb‡R cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZv jvf K‡i‡Qb? bv| GRb¨B ïay ZvwË¡K Ávb h‡_ó bq| G¸‡jvi cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B cÖej cÖ‡Póv wb‡q a¨vbmvabv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

[m¤úv`‡Ki e³e¨ : GB †`kbvi c‡i cv-AK †mqv` cÂ bxei‡Yi Dc‡i wb‡gœv³ K_v¸‡jv e‡jb|]

GLb Avwg Avcbv‡ì ms‡¶‡c cuvPwU bxeiY m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v K‡i w`‡Z PvB| cÖ_g bxeiY n‡”Q Bw› ªqmyL-Kvgbv ( Kvg” Q › `)| GwU n‡”Q



e¨w³ ev e ‘i cÖwZ Avmw³| GwU n‡”Q Bw› ªqMÖvn¨ e ‘ cvIqvi Kvgbv| D`vniY¯iƒc, Avcwb Avcbvi KzwUi A_ev iæ‡gi cÖwZ Avm³ n‡Z cv‡ib| a¨v‡bi mg‡q Avcwb wPšÍv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, ÔAvnv, Avgvi KzwUiUv my›ì n‡j Lye fv‡jv n‡Zv!Õ A_ev Avcwb fve‡Z cv‡ib, ÔAvnv, cy‡iv iægUvB hw` Avgvi n‡Zv, Zvn‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv!Õ Bw› ªqmyL-Kvgbvi wPšÍvq fvivµvšÍ n‡q _vK‡j Avcwb Avcbvi a¨v‡bi welqe ‘‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Bw› ªqmyL-Kvgbvi wPšÍv¸‡jv _vgv‡Z n‡j Avcbvi Aek¨B Zx¶è ¯§„wZ Ges cÖPÛ iKg cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z n‡e|

wØZxq bxeiY n‡”Q aŸsmvZ¥K wPšÍv ( e¨vc v`)| GwU n‡”Q e¨w³ ev e ‘i cÖwZ N„Yv ev Am‡šÍvl| D`vniY¯iƒc, hw` Avcbvi cv‡k emv †Kv‡bv GKRb a¨vb PjvKvjxb Zvi Pxei w`‡q Lm Lm kã K‡ib, Avcwb Zv‡Z ¶z× n‡q fve‡Z cv‡ib, ÔAvnv, GB †jvKUv GZ kã Ki‡Q †Kb?Õ hw` Avcbvi gbUv N„Yv ev Am‡šÍvl w`‡q RR©wiZ _v‡K, ZL‡bv Avcwb a¨v‡bi welqe ‘‡Z g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv|

Z…Zxq bxeiY n‡”Q Avjm¨ Ges RoZv ( w _ b - w g×)| hw` gbUv ye©j nq, A_ev a¨v‡bi welqe ‘‡Z AvMÖnx bv nq, Zvn‡j Avjm¨ Ges RoZv Avm‡Z cv‡i| gv‡S gv‡S Aek¨ K¬vwšÍ ev wekÖv‡gi Afv‡eI Z› ªv Avm‡Z cv‡i|

PZz_© bxeiY n‡”Q PÂjZv Ges AbyZvc ( D×” P- Kz°z”P)| hw` Avcbvi gbUv PÂj nq, ZLb †mUv †hb wXj Qzu‡o gviv GKUv QvB‡qi ‘c, †hLv‡b QvB¸‡jv Pviw`‡K D‡o D‡o Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| GKBfv‡e, PÂjZv _vK‡j gbUvI wew¶ß n‡q hvq| a¨vb Kivi mgq Avcwb KL‡bvB gb‡K wekÖvg wb‡Z †`‡eb bv Ges gb‡K a¨v‡bi welqe ‘ n‡Z Ab¨ †Kv_vI P‡j †h‡Z †`‡eb bv| hw` †`b, †Zv PÂjZv Avm‡e| AbyZvc n‡”Q AZx‡Zi Lvivc KvR Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges fv‡jv KvR¸‡jv Kiv nq wb, Zvi Rb¨ Avd‡mvm Kiv| GLv‡bI Avcbv‡K Zx¶è ¯§„wZ ivL‡Z n‡e Ges PÂjZv I AbyZvc hv‡Z bv Av‡m Zvi Rb¨ KwVb cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z n‡e|

cÂg bxeiY n‡”Q †Kv‡bv wKQzi mZ¨Zv m¤‡Ü m‡›`n ev mskq ( w ew Pw K” Q v)| GUv n‡”Q :

1. ey× m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n, 2. ag© m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n, 3. msN m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n,



4. wÎwk¶v, h_v : kxj, mgvwa I cÖÁv m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n, 5. AZxZ cÂ¯‹Ü m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n, 6. fwel¨r cÂ¯‹Ü m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n, 7. GKB mv‡_ AZxZ I fwel¨r cÂ¯‹Ü m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n, Ges 8. cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n|

mgvwa wk¶v m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n _vK‡j Avcwb fv‡jvg‡Zv a¨vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| D`vniY¯iƒc, Avcwb nq‡Zv fve‡Z cv‡ib : ÔAvbvcvb-¯§„wZi gva¨‡g wK a¨vb jvf Kiv m¤¢e? Avbvcvb-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q wK a¨vb cvIqv hv‡e?Õ

GB cuvPwU bxeiY n‡”Q a¨vb-mgvwai AšÍivq| �

-----------------------------------------------



[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ †`kbv 2 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Ab¨vb¨ welq wb‡q a¨vb Avgvi Av‡Mi †`kbv‡Z Avwg e¨vL¨v K‡iwQjvg, Kxfv‡e k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K a¨v‡bi welqe ‘ K‡i PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ jvf Kiv hvq| Avwg †`kbv †kl K‡iwQjvg GB e‡j †h, fvebvKvix hw` k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebvi gva¨‡g PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ †cuŠ‡Q hvb Ges cuvPwU †KŠk‡j my`¶ n‡q I‡Vb, a¨v‡bi Av‡jv D¾¡j I `xwßgvb nq, ZLb wZwb PvB‡j we`k©b fvebvq P‡j †h‡Z cv‡ib|

wKš‘, GB ch©v‡q fvebvKvix B‡”Q Ki‡j kg_ fvebv AviI cwic~Y©iƒ‡c Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib| AvR‡K Avwg we ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Kie, Kxfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ kg_ welq¸‡jv wb‡q fvebv Ki‡Z nq, †hgb : †`‡ni ewÎkwU Ask, nvo‡Mvo, `k K…rmœ BZ¨vw`|

†`‡ni ewÎkwU Ask †`‡ni ewÎkwU Ask wb‡q fvebv Ki‡Z PvB‡j Avcbvi cÖ_‡g Avbvcvb fvebvq PZz_© a¨v‡b gMœ nIqv DwPZ| hLb a¨v‡bi Av‡jv D¾¡j I `xwßgvb n‡q DV‡e, ZLb Avcbvi †`‡ni ewÎkUv Ask‡K wPwýZ Kiv DwPZ, GKUv GKUv K‡i| †`‡ni ewÎkwU As‡ki g‡a¨ wekwU As‡k c„w_ex-avZzi cÖvavb¨, Avi ev‡ivUv As‡k cvwb-avZzi cÖvavb¨| c„w_ex-avZzi wekwU Ask‡K cuvPwU cuvPwU K‡i Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv DwPZ :



1-5 : Pzj, †jvg, bL, uvZ, Pvgov| 6-10 : gvsm, †ckxZš‘, nvo, nv‡oi g¾v, wKWwb| 11-15 : ü`wcÛ, hK…Z, wSwjø, cøxnv, dzmdzm| 16-20 : Aš¿, Af¨šÍixY wSwjø, nRg bv nIqv Lv`¨, gj, gw Í®‹|

ev‡ivwU cvwb-avZzi Ask‡K QqwU QqwU K‡i y-fv‡M fvM Kiv DwPZ : 1-6 : wcË, Kd, cyuR, i³, Nvg, †g`| 7-12 : AkÖæ, Pwe©, _y_y, †kø®§v, nv‡oi †Rvovq Aew ’Z Zij c`v_©, cÖmªve|

GB Ask¸‡jv‡K Dch©y³ µgvbymv‡i †`Lyb, Z‡e GKev‡i GKUv K‡i| cwi®‹vi Avqbvq wb‡Ri †Pnviv †hfv‡e †`‡Lb, †`‡ni cÖ‡Z¨KwU Ask‡K wVK †mfv‡e †`Lvi †Póv Kiæb|

GgbUv Kivi mgq hw` a¨v‡bi Av‡jv gøvb n‡q Av‡m, Avi †`‡ni †h AskUv‡K †`Lv n‡”Q, †mUv Svcmv nq, ZLb Avbvcvb fvebvi PZz_© a¨v‡b gMœ nIqv DwPZ| hLb Av‡jv Avevi D¾¡j I Zxeª n‡e, ZLb Avevi †`‡ni Ask¸‡jv †`Lv DwPZ| a¨v‡bi Av‡jv gøvb n‡q G‡j GgbB Kiæb|

PP©v Ki‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv Pzj †_‡K cÖmªve, A_ev cÖmªve †_‡K Pzj ch©šÍ cÖ‡Z¨K Ask‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e Ges Zx¶è Áv‡b †`L‡Z bv cv‡ib ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ| hZ¶Y bv Avcwb `¶ bv nb, ZZ¶Y PP©v Ki‡Z _vKzb|

Gici, a¨v‡bi Av‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ †PvL eÜ Ae ’vq, Avcbvi cv‡ki Rb‡K †`Lvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ| we‡klZ me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq Avcbvi mvg‡b _vKv †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K †`L‡j| †mB e¨w³i ewÎkwU Ask‡K †`Lyb, Zvi Pzj †_‡K cÖmªve Ges cÖmªve †_‡K Pzj ch©šÍ| ewÎkwU Ask‡K µgvš‡q cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ Ges †kl †_‡K cÖ_g ch©šÍ eûevi †`Lyb| Avcwb hLb Af¨šÍixY Ask, A_©vr Avcbvi †`‡ni Ask¸‡jv Ges †mB mv‡_ evB‡ii Ask ev Ab¨ e¨w³i †`‡ni Ask¸‡jv †`L‡Z m¶g n‡eb, Zv A‡bK evi PP©v Ki‡Z _vKzb|

Gfv‡e †`‡ni ewÎkUv Ask‡K Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e †`L‡Z m¶g n‡j Avcbvi mgvwaej evo‡e| ZLb GKUz GKUz K‡i Avcbvi †`Lvi cwiwa‡K evov‡bv DwPZ, µgvš‡q KvQ †_‡K ~‡i| ~‡ii e¨w³‡ì †`L‡Z cvb bv e‡j wPšÍv Ki‡eb bv| PZz_© a¨v‡bi †mB D¾¡j Av‡jvq



Avcwb mn‡RB ~‡ii e¨w³‡ì †`L‡Z cvi‡eb; Lvwj †Pv‡L bq, Áv‡bi †Pv‡L ( TvY PKL y)| Avcbvi †`Lvi cwiwa‡K `kw`‡K evov‡bv DwPZ : Dc‡i, wb‡P, c~‡e©, cwð‡g, DË‡i, `w¶‡Y, DËi-c~e© †Kv‡Y, `w¶Y-c~e© †Kv‡Y, DËi-cwðg †Kv‡Y, `w¶Y-cwðg †Kv‡Y| GB `kw`‡K hv‡KB Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡eb, †m gvbyl †nvK, cÖvYx †nvK, Zvi ewÎkUv Ask‡K †`Lyb, GKevi Af¨šÍixY I GKevi evwn¨Kfv‡e, G‡KKev‡i GK GKRb e¨w³ ev cÖvYx‡K|

†hw`‡KB ZvKvb bv †Kb Avi hLbB ZvKvb bv †Kb, hLb Avcwb Avi bvix, cyiæl, A_ev Miæ, †gvl, A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Rv‡bvqvi bv †`‡L ïay ewÎkUv As‡ki mgwó‡K †`L‡eb, †Kej ZLbB Avcbv‡K †`‡ni ewÎkwU As‡ki fvebvq mdj, `¶ Ges AwfÁ wn‡m‡e ejv hv‡e|

wbe©v‡Yi wZb cÖ‡ekc_ GLv‡b Avwg wbe©v‡Yi wZbwU cÖ‡ekc_ m¤ú‡K© GKUz e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z PvB| `xN©wbKv‡qi gn vm w Zc UVvb m y‡ Î ey× e‡jb †h, Pvwi mwZcUVvb fvebv n‡”Q wbe©v‡Yi GKgvÎ c_| Ab¨w`‡K A_©K_vq e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q †h wbe©v‡Yi wZbwU cÖ‡ekc_ i‡q‡Q Ges †m¸‡jv‡K ìRv bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q eY©K…rmœ ( eY è Kw mY ), wekÖxfve ( c w UK‚j -

gb w mKvi ) Ges k~b¨Zv ( m yT T Zv) ev Pvwi avZz fvebv| Z‡e G¸‡jv‡K †Kej kg_ fvebv wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq, we`k©b

bq| Kv‡RB, hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †`‡ni ewÎkwU Ask‡K Af¨šÍixY I

evwn¨K Dfqfv‡e †`L‡Z my`¶ n‡q I‡V, ZLb †m GB wZbwU cÖ‡ekc‡_i †h †Kv‡bv GKwU‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z c‡i| cÖ_‡g Avwg e¨vL¨v Kie, Kxfv‡e †`‡ni ewÎkwU As‡ki wekÖxfve wb‡q fvebv Ki‡Z nq|

K¼vj †`‡ni wekÖxfv‡ei fvebv Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb cy‡iv ewÎkwU Ask‡KB Avcbvi a¨v‡bi welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e wb‡Z cv‡ib, A_ev †Kej GKwU‡KI †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib| K¼vj ev nvo‡Mvo¸‡jv, hv †`‡ni ewÎkwU As‡ki



GKwU, †mUv wb‡q Kxfv‡e a¨vb Ki‡Z nq Avwg Zv GLv‡b e¨vL¨v Kie| GB fvebv Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi Avevi PZz_© Avbvcvb a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv

DwPZ| hLb Av‡jv D¾¡j I `xwßgvb n‡e, GUv‡K Avcbvi wb‡Ri †`‡ni ewÎkwU Ask‡K †`L‡Z eënvi Kiæb, Gi c‡i Kv‡Qi †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K †`Lyb| Gfv‡e Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e †`Lyb GKevi ev yevi| Gic‡i Af¨šÍixY K¼v‡ji cy‡ivUv‡K cÖÁvi †Pv‡L †`Lyb| hLb cy‡iv K¼vjUv cwi®‹vi n‡q DV‡e, ZLb K¼v‡ji wekÖxfve‡K welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e wb‡q wbb, Avi evi evi g‡b g‡b ejyb : wekÖx, wekÖx ( c w UK‚j , c w UK‚j ), A_ev wekÖx K¼vj, wekÖx K¼vj ( A w UVKc w UK‚j , A w UVKc w UK‚j ), A_ev K¼vj, K¼vj

( A w UVK, A w UVK)| Avcbvi †h fvlvq Lywk g‡b g‡b ejyb| gbUv‡K w ’ifv‡e K¼v‡ji

wekÖxfv‡ei Dci a‡i ivLvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ GK ev yB NÈv ch©šÍ| Gi is, AvKvi, Ae ’vb I Av‡kcv‡ki welqe ‘i mv‡_ K¼v‡ji wew”QbœZv ev mxgv j¶ Kiæb mZK©Zvi mv‡_|

k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi PZz_© a¨v‡bi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi kw³kvjx wfwËi Kvi‡Y Avcwb †`L‡eb †h GB fvebvI Mfxi Ges my „pfv‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡e| Avcwb wekÖxfv‡ei Dcjwä Ges Ávb‡K Drcbœ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡eb Ges my „p Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

K¼v‡ji wekÖxfv‡ei Dc‡i Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM cÖwZwôZ n‡j ÔK¼v‡jiÕ msÁv‡K ev` †Ìqv DwPZ Ges ïay wekÖxfv‡ei Dc‡i ¯§„wZ ivLv DwPZ|

weïw×gvM©g‡Z, is, AvKvi, Ae ’vb I mxgv †`Lv gv‡b n‡”Q D`MÖn-wbwgË †`Lv| †mB As‡ki wekÖxfve‡K †`Lv n‡”Q cÖwZfvM-wbwgË †`Lv|

a¨v‡bi cuvPwU A½ K¼v‡ji wekÖxfv‡ei cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM ’vcb K‡i Avcwb cÖ_g a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZLb a¨v‡bi cuvPwU A½ we`¨gvb _vK‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q :

1. weZK© ( w eZ°) : gb‡K K¼v‡ji wekÖxfv‡ei Dci cwiPvjbv Kiv I †mLv‡b ivLv|

2. wePvi ( w ePvi ) : K¼v‡ji wekÖxfv‡ei Dc‡i gb‡K a‡i ivLv|



3. cÖxwZ ( c xw Z) : K¼v‡ji wekÖxfve‡K cQ›` Kiv| 4. myL ( myL ) : K¼v‡ji wekÖxfve m¤ú‡K© myLx g‡bvfve| 5. GKvMÖZv ( G K¹ Zv) : K¼v‡ji wekÖxfv‡ei Dc‡i g‡bi GKvMÖZv| GKB c×wZ‡Z †`‡ni Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv As‡ki wekÖxfv‡ei Dci fvebv

K‡iI Avcwb cÖ_g a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GKUv cÖkœ Av‡m, K¼v‡ji wekÖxfve‡K welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e wb‡q Kxfv‡e

cÖxwZ I myL Avmv m¤¢e? Gi DËi n‡”Q †h, hwÌ Avcwb K¼v‡ji wekÖxfv‡ei Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡”Qb, ZeyI Avcwb GB fvebv K‡i hv‡”Qb, KviY Avcwb Gi DcKvwiZv Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb, Ges eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †h GUv Avcbv‡K Ae‡k‡l ey‡ov nIqv, †ivM I g„Zz¨ †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| cÖxwZ I myL Av‡m AviI GKUv Kvi‡Y, KviY Avcwb ZLb cuvPwU bxeiY, †h¸‡jv Avcbvi gb‡K Zß I K¬všÍ K‡i iv‡L, †m¸‡jv‡K mwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb|

GUv A‡bKUv †mB †UvKvB‡qi g‡Zv, †h eomo AveR©bvi ‘c †`‡L Avbw›`Z nq GB †f‡e, ÔAvwg GUv †_‡K A‡bK UvKv Kvgve|Õ A_ev Lye Amy ’ †Kv‡bv e¨w³i g‡Zv, †h ewg Ki‡Z †c‡i myLx I Avbw›`Z nq, A_ev †Kv‡bv Wvqwiqv-AvµvšÍ e¨w³, †h gjZ¨vM Ki‡Z †c‡i Avbw›`Z nq|

Awfag©-A_©K_v e¨vL¨v K‡i †h, †h e¨w³ K¼v‡ji wekÖxfv‡ei Dc‡i cÖ_g a¨vb †c‡q‡Q, Zvi cÖ_g a¨v‡b cuvP cÖKv‡i my`¶ nIqvUv AvqZ¡ Kiv DwPZ| Gi c‡i me‡P‡q Kv‡Q †h e¨w³, we‡kl K‡i mvg‡b emv †Kv‡bv e¨w³i K¼vj‡K Zvi a¨v‡bi Av‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ fvebvi welqe¯‘ Kiv DwPZ| Zvi GwU‡K wekÖx aviYvq g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ Ges GB wekÖx msÁvUv wb‡q fvebv Kiv DwPZ hZ¶Y bv a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv ¯úó nq| hwÌ a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv ¯úó nq, wKš‘ A_©K_vg‡Z, GwU DcPvi mgvwaI bq, Ac©Yv mgvwaI bq, †Kbbv welqe ‘ GLv‡b RxešÍ| hw` Avcwb evwn¨K K¼v‡j Ggbfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM †`b †hb GwU g„Z, Zvn‡j Awfa‡g©i UxKv-g~jUxKv Abymv‡i, Avcwb DcPvi a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

hLb a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv my¯úó n‡q I‡V, Avcbvi Avevi Af¨šÍixY K¼v‡ji Dci wekÖxfve wb‡q g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ| Gfv‡e ci¯úi e`jve`j Kiv DwPZ, GKevi Af¨šÍixY, GKevi evwn¨K Gfv‡e



cvjvµ‡g evi evi| hLb Avcwb K¼v‡ji wekÖxfv‡ei Dc‡i Gfv‡e a¨vb K‡ib Ges GUv Mfxi I c~Y©v½ weKwkZ nq, ZLb Avcbvi †`Lvi cwiwa `kw`‡K evov‡bv DwPZ| GKev‡i GK w`K‡K a¨v‡bi Av‡jvq †`Lyb| †mB Av‡jv †mB w`‡K hZ ~i hvq ZZ ~i ch©šÍ GKBfv‡e a¨vbPP©v Kiæb| Avcbvi Zx¶è AšÍ‡f© x Ávb‡K Kv‡Q- ~‡i mew`‡K GKevi evwn¨Kfv‡e, GKevi Af¨šÍixYfv‡e, Gfv‡e evi evi cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ| PP©v Ki‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv `kw`‡Ki †hLv‡bB Avcwb ZvKvb, †Kej K¼vj †`L‡Z cvb| G‡Z mdj n‡j Avcwb ZLb mv`v K…rmœ-fvebvi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z|

`kwea K…rmœ

eY© K…rmœ K…rmœ-fvebvq PviwU is eënvi Kiv nq : bxj, njy`, jvj Ges mv`v| bxj‡K Kv‡jv ev ev`vgx wn‡m‡eI aiv hvq| †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡ki is‡K fvebvi welqe ‘ K‡i wb‡q GB Pvi ai‡bi K…rmœ fvebvq PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ jvf Kiv hvq|

Awfa‡g©i A_©K_vg‡Z, Pzj, †jvg, Ges †Pv‡Li gvwbK‡K bxj, ev`vgx ev Kv‡jv K…rmœ wn‡m‡e PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ eënvi Kiv hvq| †g` Ges cÖmªve‡K njy` K…r‡mœi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hvq| i³ I gvsm‡K jvj K…r‡mœi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv hvq| Avi mv`v Ask¸‡jv, †hgb—nvo, uvZ Ges bL¸‡jv mv`v-K…r‡mœi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv hvq|

mv`v K…rmœ m~‡Î ejv n‡q‡Q, PviwU eY© K…r‡mœi g‡a¨ mv`v K…rmœ †kÖô| KviY, GUv gb‡K cwi®‹vi I D¾¡j K‡i †Zv‡j| G Kvi‡Y, cÖ_‡g Avwg GB mv`v K…rmœ-fvebv Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z nq Zv e¨vL¨v Kie|

mv`v K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡g PZz_© Avbvcvb fvebvq gMœ nIqv DwPZ| hLb a¨v‡bi Av‡jv D¾¡j I `xwßgvb n‡e, ZLb †mB Av‡jv‡K Avcbvi Af¨šÍixY kix‡ii ewÎkwU Ask‡K †`L‡Z eënvi Kiv DwPZ| Gic‡i evwn¨Kfv‡e wbKU ’ †Kv‡bv e¨w³i †`‡ni ewÎkwU Ask‡K †`Lv



DwPZ| Gic‡i †mB e¨w³i ïay K¼v‡ji AskUv †`Lyb| hw` †mUv‡K wekÖxfv‡e †`L‡Z Pvb, †`L‡Z cv‡ib; wKš‘ †`L‡Z bv PvB‡j ïay evwn¨K K¼vjUvB †`Lyb|

Gic‡i K¼v‡ji me‡P‡q mv`v AskUv, A_ev hw` cy‡iv K¼vjUvB mv`v nq, Zvn‡j cy‡ivUvB, A_ev Lywji wcQ‡bi AskUv‡Z Ômv`v, mv`vÕ e‡j g‡bv‡hvM w`b| weKí wn‡m‡e Avcwb hw` Pvb, Ges hw` Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM Lye Zx¶è nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb hw` Avcbvi Af¨šÍixY K¼vj‡K wekÖxfv‡e †`‡Lb, Ges cÖ_g a¨v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvb, ZLb †mB K¼vjUv‡K mv`v wn‡m‡e a‡i wbb Ges †mUv‡KB fvebvi cÖv_wgK welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiæb|

G QvovI Avcwb cÖ_‡g evwn¨K K¼v‡ji wekÖxfveUv †Lqvj K‡i †mB wekÖx msÁv‡K w ’i I „p Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Gfv‡e Avcwb K¼v‡ji mv`v isUv‡K AviI cwi®‹vi K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡ib| Gic‡i Avcwb msÁvUv‡K e`‡j †d‡j Ômv`v, mv`vÕ e‡j fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Gfv‡e mv`v K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

evwn¨K K¼v‡ji mv`v †Kv‡bv wKQz‡K Gfv‡e welqe ‘ K‡i Avcbvi gb‡K kvšÍ I GKvMÖ K‡i †mB mv`v welqe ‘i Dc‡i ivLv DwPZ GK ev y NÈv hver| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi PZz_© a¨v‡bi kw³kvjx wfwËi Kvi‡Y Avcwb †`L‡eb †h

Avcbvi gb kvšÍ I GKvMÖ n‡q mv`v welqe ‘‡Z _vK‡Q| hLb Avcwb GK ev y-NÈv hver Awfbœ g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡eb, ZLb †`L‡eb †h K¼vj A „k¨ n‡q †M‡Q, ïay GKwU mv`v e„Ë Av‡Q|

hLb mv`v e„ËwU wkgyj Zz‡jvi g‡Zv mv`v n‡e, †mUvB D`MÖn-wbwgË| hLb GwU ïKZvivi g‡Zv D¾¡j I ¯úó n‡e, †mwU cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| K¼vj-wbwgË, hv †_‡K D`MÖn-wbwgË Drcbœ nq, †mwU n‡”Q cwiKg©-wbwgË|

g‡b g‡b Ômv`v, mv`vÕ e‡j fvebv Pvwj‡q hvb hZ¶Y bv GwU cÖwZfvM-wbwgË nq| cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`b hZ¶Y bv Avcwb cÖ_g a¨v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvb| Z‡e Avcwb †`L‡eb †h GB g‡bv‡hvM Lye GKUv w ’wZkxj nq bv Avi †ewk¶Y _v‡K bv| g‡bv‡hvM‡K w ’wZkxj I `xN© ’vqx Kivi Rb¨ wbwgË‡K evov‡Z n‡e Avcbvi|

GUv Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë GK ev y NÈv hver g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv



DwPZ| Gici Avcwb mv`v e„ËUv‡K GK, yB, wZb ev Pvi BwÂ evov‡bvi wm×všÍ wbb, hZUv Avcwb evov‡Z cvi‡eb e‡j g‡b K‡ib, ZZUv Avi wK| mdj nb wKbv †`Lyb| wKš‘ cÖ_‡g mxgv wba©viY bv K‡i wbwgË evov‡bvi †Póv Ki‡eb bv †hb| wbwgË evov‡bvi Av‡M Aek¨B GK, yB, wZb ev Pvi BwÂ K‡i GKUv mxgv w ’i Ki‡eb| mv`v e„ËUv evov‡bvi mg‡q nq‡Zv GwU Aw ’wZkxj n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| ZLb Avcwb Avevi Ômv`v, mv`vÕ e‡j g‡bv‡hvM †`‡eb w ’wZkxj Kivi Rb¨| Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM evo‡Z _vK‡j wbwgË Ggwb‡ZB w ’wZkxj I kvšÍ n‡q co‡e|

hLb cÖ_g ewa©Z wbwgË w ’wZkxj n‡q Avm‡e, ZLb Avevi K‡qK BwÂ evov‡bv DwPZ Avcbvi, A_©vr Avevi K‡qK BwÂ evov‡bvi msKí Kiæb| Gfv‡e Avcwb av‡c av‡c wbwgË‡K evov‡Z cvi‡eb, hZ¶Y bv GwU GK MR nq, Gici y MR K‡i, Gfv‡e cici evov‡Z _vKzb| Gfv‡e evov‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv Avcbvi `kw`‡K GwU Qwo‡q c‡o mxgvnxbfv‡e, †hw`‡K ZvKvb bv †Kb, Avcwb ïay †`L‡eb mv`v Avi mv`v| hZ¶Y ch©šÍ GK we› y iƒ‡ci Aw ÍZ¡ †`Lv hv‡e, evwn¨K ev Af¨šÍixY, ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ evov‡Z _vKzb| hw` Avcwb AZxZ R‡b¥ mv`v K…rmœ-fvebv K‡i _v‡Kb, GB ey×kvmb ev AZxZ †Kv‡bv ey‡×i kvmbvg‡j, A_©vr Avcbvi hw` mv`v K…rmœ cvigx _v‡K, Zvn‡j Avcbvi cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K evov‡Z n‡e bv, KviY †mLv‡b g‡bv‡hvM w`‡j †mwU AvcbvAvcwb `kw`‡K Qwo‡q co‡e| Dfq‡¶‡ÎB GLb Avcwb kvšÍfv‡e mv`v K…r‡mœi Dc‡i GKvMÖ g‡b g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLyb, Avi hLb GwU w ’wZkxj n‡q Avm‡e, ZLb Avcbvi gb‡K †mB mv`v K…r‡mœi GKUv RvqMvq †i‡L w`b, A‡bKUv †Kv‡bv Uzwc †hgb K‡i GKUv û‡Ki AvMvq †j‡M _v‡K, †mfv‡e| Avcbvi gb‡K †mLv‡b ivLyb Ges Ômv`v, mv`vÕ ej‡Z _vKzb|

hLb Avcbvi gbUv w ’i I kvšÍ n‡e, mv`v K…rmœI kvšÍ I w ’i n‡q Avm‡e Ges AZ¨šÍ mv`v, D¾¡j I cwi®‹vi n‡q DV‡e| GUvI cÖwZfvM-wbwgË, †hUv Av‡Mi mv`v K…r‡mœi cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K evov‡bvi d‡j Drcbœ n‡q‡Q|

Avcbv‡K Aek¨B fvebv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e, hZ¶Y bv †mB mv`v K…r‡mœi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë GK ev yB NÈv hver g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib ZZ¶Y| AZtci a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv Avcbvi g‡b Lye ¯úó, cwi®‹vi



I kw³kvjx n‡q aiv †`‡e| ZLb Avcwb cÖ_g a¨v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hv‡eb| cuvPwU a¨v‡bi A½ n‡”Q : 1. weZK© ( w eZ°) : gb‡K mv`v K…r‡mœi Dci cwiPvjbv Kiv I

†mLv‡b ivLv| 2. wePvi ( w ePvi ) : mv`v K…r‡mœi Dc‡i gb‡K a‡i ivLv| 3. cÖxwZ ( c xw Z) : mv`v K…rmœ‡K cQ›` Kiv| 4. myL ( myL ) : mv`v K…rmœ m¤ú‡K© myLx g‡bvfve| 5. GKvMÖZv ( G K¹ Zv) : mv`v K…r‡mœi Dc‡i g‡bi GKvMÖZv| a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î a¨vb ejv nq| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebvq

†hfv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, †mfv‡e cÖ_g mv`v K…rmœ-a¨v‡b cuvPwU `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ PP©v Kiæb; Avi wØZxq, Z…Zxq, Ges PZz_© a¨vb jvf Kiæb|

PviwU a¨vb‡K iƒcvePi-a¨vbI ejv nq, KviY G¸‡jv Avcbvi iƒcf‚wg‡Z Rb¥MÖn‡Yi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ GLv‡b Avgiv iƒcf‚wg‡Z Rb¥MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ a¨vb Kiv‡K DrmvwnZ Kwi bv, †m¸‡jv‡K we`k©b fvebvi wfwË wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivi Rb¨B GB a¨vb Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kwi|

hw` Avcwb evwn¨K K¼v‡ji mv`v‡K wfwË K‡i mv`v K…rmœ-fvebvq PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ †c‡q _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j evwn¨K Pzj‡K wb‡q ev`vgx, bxj ev Kv‡jv K…rmœI fvebv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| nj‡` K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb evwn¨K †g` ev cÖmªve wb‡q, Avi jvj K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb evwn¨K i³, BZ¨vw` wb‡q| Avcwb wb‡Ri kix‡ii †mB Ask¸‡jv wb‡qI fvebv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

hLb Avcwb G‡Z mdj n‡eb, ZLb dz‡ji is ev Ab¨vb¨ evwn¨K wRwb‡mi is wb‡qI fvebv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| mKj bxj I ev`vgx i‡Oi dzj¸‡jv Avcbv‡K bxj K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z ¯vMZ Rvbv‡”Q| mKj nj‡` i‡Oi dzj¸‡jv Avcbv‡K nj‡` K…rmœ-fvebv Kivi Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡”Q| mKj jvj jvj dzj¸‡jv Avcbv‡K †W‡K ej‡Q jvj K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z| mg Í mv`v mv`v dzj¸‡jv †W‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡”Q mv`v K…rmœ-fvebv Kivi Rb¨| Gfv‡e, GKRb `¶ fvebvKvix hv †`‡Lb Zv †_‡KB K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †mUv †nvK RxweZ ev g„Z, evwn¨K ev Af¨šÍixY|

cvwj MÖš’vejx Abymv‡i, ey× `kwU K…rmœ wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q PviwU eY© K…rmœ, Avi †mB mv‡_ AviI QqwU : c„w_ex, cvwb, Av¸b,



evZvm, AvKvk, Ges Av‡jvi K…rmœ| GLb Avwg GKUz e¨vL¨v Kie, Kx K‡i evwK QqwU K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z

nq|

c„w_ex K…rmœ c„w_ex K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K cÖ_‡g GK UzK‡iv mgZj f‚wg Lyu‡R wb‡Z n‡e hvi is n‡e mKv‡ji AvKv‡ki g‡Zv iw³g ev`vgx| G‡Z †Kv‡bv KvwV, cv_i, cvZv BZ¨vw` _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| Gici GKwU jvwV ev †Kv‡bv wKQz w`‡q †mB f‚wgi Dci †gvUvgywU GK dzU e¨v‡mi GKUv e„Ë AuvKzb| GB e„ËUvB Avcbvi a¨v‡bi welqe ‘, GKwU c„w_ex K…rmœ| Avcbvi G‡Z g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ Ôc„w_ex, c„w_exÕ e‡j| †PvL †Lvjv †i‡L wKQz¶Y †mUv‡Z g‡bv‡hvM w`b| Gic‡i †PvL eÜ K‡i GwU‡K Kíbv Kiæb| hw` GUv‡K Gfv‡e Kíbv Ki‡Z e¨_© nb, Z‡e Avbvcvb fvebvi PZz_© a¨vb A_ev mv`v K…r‡mœi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv DwPZ| Gic‡i a¨v‡bi Av‡jvq c„w_ex K…rmœ‡K †`Lyb| hLb Avcwb †Lvjv †Pv‡L †`L‡Z cvIqvi g‡Zv K‡i a¨v‡bi Av‡jvq †mUv‡K †`L‡eb, ZLb Avcwb †mLvb †_‡K Ab¨ †Kv_vI wM‡q fvebv PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

c„w_ex K…r‡mœi i‡Oi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ bq| c„w_ex avZzi KvwVb¨, KK©kZv cÖf…wZi cÖwZI g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ bq| †Kej c„w_ex aviYvq g‡bv‡hvM w`b| GB D`MÖn-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv GwU weï× I cwi®‹vi n‡q I‡V| †mwUB cÖwZfvM-wbwgË|

GB cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K GKev‡i GKUz GKUz K‡i `kw`‡K evov‡bv DwPZ, Ges PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ hvIqv DwPZ|

cvwb K…rmœ cvwb K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z †M‡j Avcbvi eënvi Kiv DwPZ GKwU cvwbi cvÎ, Mvgjv, A_ev weï×, cwi®‹vi cvwbi K‚c| cvwb aviYvi Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`b Ôcvwb, cvwbÕ e‡j Ges c„w_ex K…r‡mœi g‡Zv K‡i wbwgË



Drcbœ Kiæb|

Av¸b K…rmœ Av¸b K…rmœ-fvebvi Rb¨ Avcbvi eënvi Kiv DwPZ †Kv‡bv Av¸b, †gvgevwZ A_ev Av‡Mi †`Lv †Kv‡bv Av¸‡bi wkLv, hv Avcwb ¯§iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hw` Kíbvi †Pv‡L †`L‡Z e¨_© nb, Zvn‡j GKUv c ©v UvwO‡q †mLv‡b GK dzU gv‡ci GKUv wQ ª evbv‡Z cv‡ib| Gevi c ©vUv KvV A_ev Nv‡mi Av¸‡bi mvg‡b ewm‡q w`b, hv‡Z wQ ª w`‡q Avcwb †Kej Av¸‡bi wkLv¸‡jv †`L‡Z cvb|

†auvqv, Ges R¡jšÍ KvV ev Nv‡m gb †Ìqvi ìKvi †bB, Avcwb Av¸‡bi aviYvq gb w`b ÔAv¸b, Av¸bÕ e‡j Ges Dch©y³ wbq‡g wbwgË Drcbœ Kiæb|

evZvm K…rmœ evZvm K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z nq ¯ú‡k©i Abyf‚wZ, A_ev †`Lvi gva¨‡g| Rvbvjv ev ìRvi ga¨ w`‡q evZvm G‡m Avcbvi kixi ¯úk© Ki‡Q, †mB ¯ú‡k© Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ| A_ev Mv‡Qi cvZv ev Wvjcvjv evZv‡m bovPov Ki‡j Zv‡Z evZv‡mi aviYvq g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ ÔevZvm, evZvmÕ e‡j| Avcwb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv K…rmœ-fvebvq PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i a¨v‡bi Av‡jvi gva¨‡g evwn¨K bovPov¸‡jv †`‡L evZv‡mi wbwgË‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| D`MÖn-wbwgË n‡”Q fv‡Zi cvÎ †_‡K D‡V Avm‡Q Ggb Mig ev‡®úi g‡Zv| Z‡e cÖwZfvM-wbwgË MwZnxb| wbwgË‡K evovb Av‡Mi wbq‡gB|

Av‡jv K…rmœ Av‡jv K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q iæ‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q Ggb Av‡jvi iwk¥i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ| D`vniY¯iƒc, †Ìqv‡ji †Kv‡bv dvU‡ji ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jvKiwk¥ †g‡S‡Z co‡Q, A_ev Mv‡Qi cvZvi duvK w`‡q Av‡jvKiwk¥ gvwU‡Z co‡Q Ggb wKQz‡K| Avcwb Mv‡Qi Wvjcvjvi duvK w`‡qI Dc‡i AvKv‡ki Av‡jv‡K †`L‡Z cv‡ib| hw` †m¸‡jv Kíbv



Ki‡Z e¨_© nb, Zvn‡j GKUv †gvgevwZ ev cÖ xc GKUv gvwUi cv‡Îi g‡a¨ †i‡L w`‡q cvÎwU‡K Ggbfv‡e ivLyb †hb cv‡Îi †LvjvgyL w`‡q Av‡jv G‡m c‡o †`qv‡ji Dci| †`qv‡ji Dc‡i †mB Av‡jvi e„‡Ëi Dci g‡bv‡hvM w`b Av‡jvi aviYvq ÔAv‡jv, Av‡jvÕ e‡j| Avi Gfv‡e wbwgË Drcbœ Kiæb|

AvKvk K…rmœ AvKvk K…rmœ-fvebvq Avcbvi AvKvk †`Lv DwPZ ìRv, Rvbvjv ev Pvwei wQ‡ ªi ga¨ w`‡q| Zv Kíbv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j GKUv cvZjv †evW© ev c`©v wb‡q †mLv‡b AvU BwÂ †_‡K GK dz‡Ui GKUv wQ ª Kiæb| Gevi †evW©Uv DuPz K‡i aiæb †hb wQ ª w`‡q ïay AvKvk †`Lv hvq, MvQcvjv ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e ‘ bq| †mB e„‡Ëi g‡a¨Kvi AvKvkUv‡K AvKvk aviYvq ÔAvKvk, AvKvkÕ e‡j g‡bv‡hvM w`b Avi wbwgË Drcbœ Kiæb Av‡Mi c×wZ‡Z|

Pvi Aiƒc a¨vb `k K…r‡mœi cÖ‡Z¨KwU fvebv‡Z PviwU a¨vb jvf Ki‡j Gevi Avcwb PviwU Aiƒc-a¨vb jv‡fi Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡ib, †h¸‡jv‡K Ab¨ K_vq PviwU Aiƒc Ae ’vI ejv nq| G¸‡jv n‡jv :

1. Amxg AvKvk f‚wg ( A vKvk- A b šÍ- A vq Zb )| 2. Amxg †PZbvf‚wg ( w eÁvb - A b šÍ- A vq Zb )| 3. k~b¨Zv f‚wg ( A v w KÂb vq Zb )| 4. msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wg ( ˆb emsÁv- b vmsÁvq Zb )| Avcwb G¸‡jv‡K †h‡Kv‡bv K…r‡mœi gva¨‡g fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib,

†Kej AvKvk K…rmœ ev‡`|

Amxg AvKvk f‚wg (AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb) PviwU Aiƒc a¨vb fvebv Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbvi cÖ_‡g iƒ‡ci Amyweav¸‡jv



fvev DwPZ| Avcbvi evev-gvi ïµvYy I wW¤vYy wg‡j Avcbvi †h gvbe‡`n Drcbœ n‡q‡Q †mUv‡K ejv nq Drcbœ-†`n ( Ki R Kvh )| †h‡nZz Avcbvi GKUv Drcbœ-†`n Av‡Q, G‡Z K‡i Avcwb Qzwi, ek©v ev ¸wj ev Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv gviYv ¿ w`‡q Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡ib, Ges Avcbv‡K ¸wj Kiv hv‡e, cÖnvi Kiv hv‡e, wbh©vZb Kiv hv‡e| GB Drcbœ-†`n A‡bK †iv‡Mi wkKvi nq †hgb, †Pv‡Li †ivM, Kv‡bi †ivM, ü`‡ivM BZ¨vw`| AZGe Avcbvi cÖÁv‡Pv‡L we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ †h, †h‡nZz Avcbvi GKUv iƒcwbwg©Z Drcbœ-†`n Av‡Q, Avcwb †mRb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi ytLK‡ói m¤§yLxb n‡”Qb, Avi hw` Avcwb iƒc †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cv‡ib, ytLKó †_‡KI gyw³ wgj‡e|

hwÌ PZz_© iƒc-a¨vb ’‚j ˆ`wnK iƒc‡K AwZµg K‡i hvq, ZeyI GwU ZL‡bv iƒc‡K wfwË K‡i _v‡K| ZvB Avcbv‡K K…r‡mœi iƒc‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡e| GUv †f‡e wb‡q, K…rmœ iƒ‡ci cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Kvgbv bv †i‡L bqwU K…r‡mœi †h‡Kv‡bv K…rmœ-fvebvi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv DwPZ| D`vniY¯iƒc, Avwg GLv‡b c„w_ex K…rmœ wb‡q eje| c„w_ex K…rmœ-fvebvi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiæb| Gici G †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmyb Ges Gi Amyweav¸‡jv †f‡e †`Lyb : GwUi wfwË iƒc-AvwkÖZ, hv Avcwb Avi Kvgbv K‡ib bv; G‡Z Z…Zxq a¨v‡bi cÖxwZ Av‡Q KvQvKvwQ GKUv A¯w ÍKi kÎæ wn‡m‡e; Avi GwU PviwU Aiƒc a¨vb †_‡K ’‚j|

Ab¨vb¨ a¨vb¸‡jv‡Z Avcwb †hfv‡e PZz_© a¨v‡bi g‡bi ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi Amyweav¸‡jv wPšÍv Ki‡Zb, GLv‡b †mfv‡e wPšÍv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB, KviY G¸‡jv Aiƒc a¨v‡bI GKB|

PZz_© iƒc-a¨v‡bi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Kvgbv bv †i‡L GLb Gi †P‡q AviI kvšÍ cÖK…wZi Aiƒc a¨vb¸‡jvi K_vI Avcbvi fvev DwPZ|

Gevi Avcbvi wbwgË‡K evovb| c„w_ex K…rmœ‡K Ggbfv‡e evovb hv‡Z K‡i GwU mxgvnxb nq| A_ev hZ Lywk ZZ evwo‡q K…r‡mœi iƒc‡K AvKvk w`‡q e`‡j w`b, Avi †mwU hZUzKz RvqMv `Lj K‡i Av‡Q †mUv‡Z g‡bv‡hvM w`b AvKvk aviYvq ÔAvKvk, AvKvkÕ A_ev ÔAmxg AvKvk, Amxg AvKvkÕ e‡j| hv _vK‡e Zv n‡jv Amxg AvKvk, †h RvqMvUv Av‡M K…rmœ Øviv `Lj n‡q Ry‡o wQj|

Gfv‡e Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j c„w_ex K…rmœ-wbwg‡Ëi †Kv‡bv GKUv As‡ki RvqMvUv‡Z AvKvk aviYvq g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ Ges †mUv‡K Amxg



gnvwek¦ ch©šÍ evov‡bv DwPZ| Gi d‡j cy‡iv c„w_ex-K…rmœ-wbwgËwU Amxg AvKvk Øviv c~Y© n‡e|

GB Amxg AvKv‡ki wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv a¨vb jvf K‡ib| Gic‡i cuvPwU `¶Zvi PP©v Kiæb| GUv n‡”Q cÖ_g Aiƒc a¨vb, hv‡K ejv nq AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb|

Amxg †PZbvf‚wg (weÁvb-AbšÍ-AvqZb) wØZxq Aiƒc a¨vb‡K ejv nq weÁvb-AbšÍ-AvqZb ev Amxg †PZbvf‚wg| Gi welqe ‘ n‡”Q AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨vbwPË, hvi welqe ‘ wQj Amxg AvKvk|

Amxg †PZbvf‚wgi fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi fvev DwPZ Amxg AvKv‡ki Amyweav¸‡jvi K_v : Gi KvQvKvwQ Av‡Q PZz_© m~²-iƒc a¨vb, hv kvwšÍi cÖwZ GKUv ûgwK e‡U| Avi GwU Amxg †PZbvf‚wgi g‡Zv kvšÍI bq|

Amxg AvKv‡ki cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Kvgbv †i‡L Avcbvi AviI fvev DwPZ Amxg †PZbvf‚wgi AviI kvšÍ cÖK…wZi K_v| Gic‡i evi evi g‡bv‡hvM w`b †mB AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨vbwP‡Ë, hvi welqe ‘ wQj Amxg AvKvk, Avi ejyb ÔAmxg †PZbv, Amxg †PZbvÕ A_ev ïay Ô†PZbv, †PZbvÕ|

Amxg †PZbvi wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv a¨v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvb, Gic‡i cuvPwU `¶Zv AvqZ¡ Kiæb| GUvB n‡”Q wØZxq Aiƒc a¨vb, hv‡K ejv nq weÁvb-AbšÍ-AvqZb ev Amxg †PZbvf‚wg|

k~b¨f‚wg (AvwKÂbvqZb) Z…Zxq Aiƒc a¨vb‡K ejv nq k~b¨f‚wg| Gi welqe ‘ n‡”Q †PZbvi k~b¨Zv, †h †PZbvi welqe ‘ wQj Amxg AvKvk| k~b¨f‚wgi fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q Amxg-†PZbvf‚wgi Amyweav¸‡jv †f‡e †bIqv DwPZ Avcbvi : Gi Lye KvQvKvwQ Av‡Q Amxg AvKvk f‚wg hv‡K kÎæB ejv hvq, †Kbbv GwU k~b¨f‚wgi g‡Zv GZ kvšÍ bq|



Amxg †PZbvf‚wgi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Kvgbv bv †i‡L Avcbvi GLb k~b¨f‚wgi AviI AwaK kvšÍ cÖK…wZi K_v fvev DwPZ|

Gici †mB wP‡Ëi k~b¨Zvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`b, †h wP‡Ëi welqe¯‘ wQj Amxg AvKvk| y‡Uv a¨vbwPË i‡q‡Q : cÖ_gUv n‡”Q Amxg AvKvk f‚wgi a¨vbwPË (AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨vbwPË), Av‡iKUv n‡”Q Amxg †PZbvf‚wgi a¨vbwPË (weÁvb-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨vbwPË)| ywU wPË GK wPË¶‡Y Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv| hLb Amxg AvKvk f‚wgi wPË eZ©gvb, ZLb Ab¨ wPËwU Abycw ’Z _v‡K Ges Gi wecixZµ‡gI nq| AZGe Avcwb Aek¨B Amxg AvKvk f‚wgi wP‡Ëi Abycw ’wZ‡K welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e a‡i wb‡q g‡b g‡b ej‡Z _vKzb Ôk~b¨, k~b¨Õ A_ev ÔAbycw ’Z, Abycw ’ZÕ|

†mB wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb a¨v‡b bv †cuŠQv‡bv ch©šÍ| Gici cuvPwU `¶Zv AvqZ¡ K‡i wbb| GwUB Z…Zxq Aiƒc a¨vb, hv‡K ejv nq k~b¨f‚wg|

msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wg (ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb) PZz_© Aiƒc a¨vb‡K ejv nq msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wg| Gi welqe ‘ n‡”Q k~b¨f‚wgi wPË| GwU‡K msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wg ejv nq, KviY GB ch©v‡q msÁv nq Pig m~² ch©v‡qi|

msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wgi fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbv‡K k~b¨f‚wgi Amyweav¸‡jv †f‡e wb‡Z n‡e : k~b¨f‚wg n‡”Q Amxg †PZbvf‚wgi Lye KvQvKvwQ e‡j kvšÍZvi Rb¨ ûgwK ev kÎæ| Avi GwU msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wgi †P‡q Kg kvšÍ| Zvi †P‡qI eo K_v, msÁv wb‡RB GKwU †ivM, wel‡duvov, Ges gqjvi g‡Zv|

ZvB k~b¨f‚wgi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Kvgbv bv †i‡L Avcbvi GLb msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wgi AviI kvšÍ cÖK…wZi K_v fvev DwPZ| Gici k~b¨f‚wgi wP‡Ëi Dci evi evi g‡bv‡hvM w`b GB e‡j ÔkvšÍ, kvšÍÕ|

ÔkvšÍ, kvšÍÕ e‡j wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv a¨v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvb, Gi c‡i cuvPwU `¶Zv AvqZ¡ Kiæb| GwUB PZz_© Aiƒc a¨vb, hv‡K ejv nq msÁv-AmsÁvnxb f‚wg|



AvR‡K Avwg e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ Kxfv‡e `k K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z nq, Kxfv‡e PviwU iƒc a¨vb Ges PviwU Aiƒc a¨v‡bi gva¨‡g Aó mgvcwË jvf Ki‡Z nq| cieZ©x †`kbvq Avwg e¨vL¨v Kie Kxfv‡e ˆgÎx, KiæYv, gyw`Zv I D‡c¶vi PviwU eªþwenvi fvebv Ki‡Z nq|

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 2 cÖkœ 2.1 : b Zzb w k¶v_©xi v Kxfv‡ e g‡ b v‡ hvM I c ÖÁvi g‡ a¨ fvi m vg¨ eR vq i vL ‡ e? Kxfv‡ e Zvi v k¦v mc Ök¦v‡ mi a ¨v‡ b ( A vb vc vb ¯§ „w Z) c ÖÁvi PP©v Ki ‡ e? DËi 2.1 : Avgiv cÖ_g †`kbv‡ZB cÂ-Bw› ªq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

K‡iwQ| Z‡e Avwg GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z cvwi| bexb‡ì Rb¨ g‡bv‡hvM I cÖÁvi fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLvUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq| KviY, Zviv GL‡bv bZzb, Zv‡ì cÂ-Bw› ªq GL‡bv M‡o I‡V wb| a¨v‡bi ïiæ‡Z mvaviYZ g‡b †ek Aw ’iZv weivR K‡i| ZvB cÂ-Bw› ªq ZZUv mej I kw³kvjx nq bv| G¸‡jv hLb mej I kw³kvjx n‡q DV‡e, ZLbB †Kej Zv‡ì gv‡S fvimvg¨ Avbvi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`‡e| Z‡e ïiæi av‡cB hw` bexbiv fvimvg¨ ivL‡Z cv‡i, †Zv †mUv Aek¨B fv‡jv|

D`vniY¯iƒc, Avcbviv Avbvcvb¯§„wZ PP©v Ki‡Qb; Avbvcvb¯§„wZ n‡”Q k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZ m‡PZb _vKv| k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K RvbvUv n‡”Q cÖÁv

( c TTv)| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi wel‡q m‡PZb _vKvUv n‡”Q ¯§„wZ ( m w Z)| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi Dci g‡bi GKvMÖZv n‡”Q g‡bv‡hvM ( mgvw a )| k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e Rvbvi cÖ‡Póv n‡”Q cÖ‡Póv ( exw i h)| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebvi gva¨‡g a¨vb jvf Kiv hvq, GB wek¦vm _vKvUv n‡”Q kÖ×v|

bexb‡ì Aek¨B mej I kw³kvjx cÂ-Bw› ªq M‡o †Zvjvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebvq Zv‡ì wek¦vmUv Aek¨B my „p n‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K Rvbvi cÖ‡Póv Aek¨B kw³kvjx n‡Z n‡e| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZ Zv‡ì ¯§„wZ Aek¨B Zx¶è n‡Z n‡e| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZ Zv‡ì g‡bv‡hvM Aek¨B Zxeª n‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì Aek¨B cwi®‹vifv‡e k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K †`L‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì Aek¨B Zv‡ì cÂ-Bw› ªq‡K mej I kw³kvjx K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e, Avi †mBmv‡_ Zv‡ì gv‡S fvimvg¨



eRvq ivLvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv Bw›`ªq AwZwi³ nq, Zvn‡j Ab¨¸‡jv Zv‡ì KvR wVKg‡Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

D`vniY¯iƒc, hw` kÖ×v AZ¨waK cÖej I kw³kvjx nq, GwU Av‡eM ˆZwi K‡i| Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q †h k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi Dc‡i gvbwmK ms¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K a‡i ivLvi KvRUv, cÖ‡Póv †mwU cy‡ivcywi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; ¯§„wZ k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m cy‡ivcywi Av‡m bv; mgvwakw³I Mfxifv‡e k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv; Avi cÖÁv k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡i bv|

D`vniY¯iƒc, hLb exh© Z_v cÖ‡Póv AZ¨vwaK nq, GwU gb‡K AkvšÍ K‡i †Zv‡j| G‡Z K‡i Ab¨vb¨ Bw› ªq¸‡jvI Avevi ye©j n‡q c‡o, Zv‡ì KvR¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hLb ¯§„wZ ye©j nq, Avcwb wKQzB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv, KviY Avcwb †Zv k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mB g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvi‡Qb bv, k¦vmcÖk¦vmUv‡K †`Lvi g‡Zv cÖ‡Póv ej‡Z †M‡j †bB n‡q hv‡e, Avi kÖ×vUvI D‡V †h‡Z cv‡i|

Avcbviv GLb kg_ fvebv PP©v Ki‡Qb| kg_ fvebvq cÖej I kw³kvjx g‡bv‡hvM _vKv fv‡jv, wKš‘ AwZwi³ g‡bv‡hvM AjmZvi Rb¥ †`q| AjmZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ kw³¸‡jvI Lye ye©j n‡q c‡o, Avi Zv‡ì KvR¸‡jv wVKg‡Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

GB ch©v‡q cÖÁv nq †fuvZv ev wbK…ó| GwU †Kej ¯vfvweK k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡KB Rv‡b| ZvB hviv kg_ fvebv bZzb bZzb PP©v Ki‡Qb, Zv‡ì Rb¨ k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K cwi®‹vi RvbvUvB h‡_ó| hLb D`MÖn A_ev cÖwZfvM-wbwgË Avm‡e, cÖÁv ZLb †mB D`MÖn ev cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K Rvb‡Z _vK‡e| Gi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ †h mvaviY Ávb, †m¸‡jv †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri bq, †hgbwU Avcbviv me mgq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib ev mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hw` †Kv‡bv fvebvKvix k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi a¨vb‡K Lye †ewk mgv‡jvPbv K‡i, Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi Zvi cÖÁv AwZwi³ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Ab¨vb¨ Bw› ªq¸‡jv ye©j, d‡j †m¸‡jv Zv‡ì KvR wVKg‡Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|

ZvB, hwÌ GwU GL‡bv †Zgb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq, Zvi c‡iI cÂ-Bw› ª‡qi gv‡S mgZv ivLv GKRb bexb wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ fv‡jv| Kxfv‡e fvimvg¨ eRvq ivL‡Z nq? Avgv‡ì Aek¨B cÖej I kw³kvjx ¯§„wZ Ges cÖ‡Póv wb‡q k¦vmcÖk¦vm‡K Rvbvi Rb¨ PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e, „p wek¦vm wb‡q



k¦vmcÖk¦v‡m Zx¶è g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| cÖkœ 2.2 : PZz_ © a ¨vb j v‡ fi c ‡ i A vgi v †m vR v c Â¯‹Ü, Zv‡ ì

A w b Z¨, yt L I A w b Z¨ j ¶Y † `L ‡ Z Ges w b e©vY j vf Ki ‡ Z h vB b v †Kb ? w b e©vY j v‡ fi A v‡ M †`‡ n i ew Îkw U A sk, K¼ vj , m v `v K…rm œ , Pvi a vZ z, b vg, i ƒ c , cÖZxZ¨mgy rc v`- b xw Z, w e`k©b , G Z me j v‡ M †Kb ? DËi 2.2 : cÂ¯‹Ü Kx? cÂ¯‹Ü I bvgiƒ‡ci g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?

Avcbviv wK DËiUv Rv‡bb? wØZxq cÖ‡kœi DËi †Ìqvi Av‡M Avwg GKUz bvgiƒc Ges cÂ¯‹Ü‡K

e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z PvB| ey‡×i Awfag© Abymv‡i, PviwU cig ev ÍeZv ( c i gÌ) Av‡Q : wPË, ˆPZwmK, iƒc I wbe©vY|

wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z n‡j, A_©vr PZz_© cig ev ÍeZv‡K †`L‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì Aek¨B evèvwK wZbUvi g‡a¨Kvi AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fveUv †`L‡Z n‡e| 89 cÖKvi wPË Av‡Q, 52wU ˆPZwmK Av‡Q, 28 cÖKvi iƒc Av‡Q|

89 cÖKvi wPË‡K ejv nq weÁvb¯‹Ü| 52wU ˆPZwm‡Ki g‡a¨ †e`bv n‡”Q †e`bv¯‹Ü| msÁv n‡”Q msÁv¯‹Ü| Avi ev` evwK 50wU ˆPZwmK n‡”Q ms¯‹vi¯‹Ü| gv‡S gv‡S wPË I ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î bvg ejv nq| gv‡S gv‡S Zv‡ì PviwU ¯‹Üiƒ‡c †`Lv nq, h_v : †e`bv¯‹Ü, msÁv¯‹Ü, ms¯‹vi¯‹Ü Ges wPË¯‹Ü, †h¸‡jv GKmv‡_ bvg¯‹Ü bv‡g cwiwPZ| iƒc¯‹Ü n‡”Q 28 ai‡bi iƒc| wPË, ˆPZwmK I iƒc‡K GK‡Î ejv nq bvgiƒc| Zv‡ì gv‡Sg‡a¨ ejv nq cÂ¯‹Ü, h_v : iƒc, †e`bv, msÁv, ms¯‹vi I weÁvb| Zv‡ì KviYI wKš‘ GB bvgiƒc|

ey× cÂ¯‹Ü c×wZi gva¨‡g we`k©b PP©vi wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb wZb †kÖwYi †jvK‡K : hv‡ì Zx¶è cÖÁv Av‡Q, hv‡ì bv‡gi we`k©b Ávb cwi®‹vi bq Ges hviv msw¶ß Dcv‡q we`k©b PP©v Ki‡Z Pvb Zv‡ì|

GLb Avwg wØZxq cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z hve| †_iev`x g‡Z, y ai‡bi a¨v‡bi welq ( K¤§UVvb ) Av‡Q : c vw i n vw i h K¤§UVvb Ges meŸ ÌK-K¤§U Vvb| c vw i n vw i q K¤ §UVvb n‡”Q †Kv‡bv GK †kÖwYi e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ wbw ©ó I Dc‡hvMx a¨v‡bi welq| Zviv †mB welq‡K wfwË K‡i kg_-we`k©b fvebv K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K meŸ ÌK- K ¤§UVvb n‡”Q †mB mKj a¨v‡bi welq hv mKj †kÖwYi fvebvKvixiv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G¸‡jv n‡”Q PviwU Avi¶v fvebv; h_v : ˆgÎx-fvebv, ey×vby¯§„wZ, giYvby¯§„wZ Ges



Aïf-fvebv| AZGe, †h‡Kv‡bv fvebvKvix k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebv‡K Zvi c vw i n vw i h

K¤§U Vvb wn‡m‡e wb‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘, we`k©b PP©vi Av‡M Zv‡K Aek¨B PviwU i¶vKvix fvebvI Ki‡Z n‡e| GUv n‡”Q cÖvPxb c×wZ|

ˆgÎx-fvebvq a¨vb jvf Kivi Rb¨ fvebvKvix hw` Av‡MB mv`v K…rmœ-fvebvq PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ †h‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e fv‡jv nq| Gi GKUv D`vniY n‡”Q KiYxq ˆgÎx myÎ| GwU n‡”Q cuvPkZ wf¶z‡K wb‡q, hviv R½‡j wM‡qwQj fvebv Ki‡Z| Zviv `k K…rmœ-fvebv Ges Aó mgvcwË jvf K‡iwQj, PviwU Avi¶v fvebvq `¶ n‡q D‡VwQj Ges we`k©b a¨vb K‡iwQj D`q-e¨qÁvb ch©šÍ| hLb R½‡ji ’vbxq †èZviv AwZô n‡q Zv‡ì fq †`Lvj, ZLb Zviv ey‡×i Kv‡Q wd‡i †Mj| ey× Zv‡ì fvebvi welq Ges i¶vKvix gš¿ wn‡m‡e KiYxq ˆgÎx myÎ wkwL‡q w`‡jb| ˆgÎx-fvebv Kivi 11wU c×wZ Av‡Q, Avi GwU n‡”Q Zv‡ì Rb¨ hviv ˆgÎx-fvebvq a¨vb jvf K‡i‡Q, Ges wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii †jvKR‡bi g‡a¨ †f`v‡f‡ì mxgvUv †f‡O †d‡j‡Q| GMviwU cš’vi PP©v Kiv nq g‡b g‡b GB wPšÍv K‡i Ôm yw L ‡ b v e †L w g‡b v †n vš‘, meŸ mË v feš ‘ m yw L Z ZË v : mKj cÖvYx myLx I wbivc` †nvKÕ BZ¨vw`| Avi GUv‡K Aek¨B PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ| †mB cuvPkZ wf¶zi Rb¨ GUv Lye mnR wQj, KviY Zviv K…rmœ-fvebvq my`¶ wQj|

ˆgÎx-fvebv Kivi Rb¨ K…rmœ-fvebv GKwU Lye fv‡jv wfwË| Kxfv‡e? A½yËi wbKv‡q ey× wkwL‡q‡Qb †h, PviwU eY© K…r‡mœi g‡a¨ mv`v K…rmœUv †kÖô| mv`v K…rmœ fvebvKvixi gb‡K cwi®‹vi I D¾¡j K‡i †Zv‡j| ¯”Q I cÖkvšÍ gb n‡”Q me‡P‡q DrK…ó I kw³kvjx| hw` †Kv‡bv fvebvKvix ¯”Q, KjylZvnxb gb wb‡q ˆgÎx-fvebv PP©v K‡i, †m mvaviYZ GK emv‡ZB ˆgÎx-a¨vb jvf K‡i| ZvB hw` †KD PZz_© mv`v K…rmœ a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i, †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m ˆgÎx-fvebv K‡i, mdj nIqv ZLb Lye mnR nq|

mv`v K…r‡mœi PZz_© a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z n‡j fvebvKvixi cÖ_‡g K¼vj fvebv PP©v Kiv DwPZ Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e, KviY GUv mv`v K…rmœ-fvebvi KvRUv‡K Lye mnR K‡i †`q| AZGe, PZz_© Avbvcvb a¨v‡bi c‡i Avgiv mvaviYZ fvebvKvix‡ì †`‡ni ewÎkwU As‡ki fvebv †kLvB, K¼vj fvebv Ges mv`v K…rmœ-fvebv †kLvB| Avgv‡ì AwfÁZv



†_‡K †`‡LwQ, †ewki fvM fvebvKvix e‡j †h, PZz_© Avbvcvb a¨vb †_‡K PZz_© mv`v K…rmœ-a¨vb DËg, KviY GwU gb‡K AviI cwi®‹vi, AviI D¾¡j Ges AviI kvšÍ K‡i †Zv‡j, hv Ab¨vb¨ fvebvi welq‡K PP©v Ki‡ZI `viæY mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB Avgiv mvaviYZ ˆgÎx-fvebvi Av‡M mv`v K…rmœ-fvebv wkwL‡q _vwK|

GLv‡b Avwg bexb‡ì AviI GKUv mvaviY mgm¨v Zz‡j ai‡Z PvB| Avcbviv nq‡Zv ˆgÎx-fvebv PP©v K‡i‡Qb Av‡M| Avcbviv wK ˆgÎx a¨vb jvf K‡i‡Qb? ev Í‡e, hw` †Kv‡bv fvebvKvix Zvi GKB wj‡½i Kv‡ivi cÖwZ ˆgÎxi evZ©v cvVv‡Z Pvq, Zvi cÖ_‡g †mB e¨w³i nvwmgvLv gyL‡K fvebvi welq Kiv DwPZ, Avi Zvic‡i Zvi cÖwZ ˆgÎxi wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ Gfv‡e : ÔGB fv‡jv †jvKwU gvbwmK ytL n‡Z gy³ †nvKÕ BZ¨vw`| bexb wk¶v_©xi gb †_‡K †mB fv‡jv †jvKwUi nvwmgvLv gyL kxNªB nvwi‡q hvq| †m Avi ˆgÎx-fvebv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY, Zvi fvebvi welqwU †Zv nvwi‡q †M‡Q| Avi ZvB †m ˆgÎx-a¨vbI cvq bv, †Kv‡bv wKQzB cvq bv| hw` †m PZz_© mv`v K…rmœ-a¨vb eënvi K‡i, ZLb e¨vcviUv wfbœ| †m a¨vb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m hLb †mB nvwmgvLv gy‡Li Dci ˆgÎx-fvebv K‡i, ZLb †mB nvwmgvLv gyL wKš‘ wgwj‡q hvq bv| KviY, Av‡Mi a¨v‡bi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi kw³ GL‡bv i‡q †M‡Q Zvi| †m †mB QweUv‡Z Mfxifv‡e g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i, Avi †mB GK emv‡ZB Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw` †m µgvš‡q PP©v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi †jv‡Ki g‡a¨Kvi mxgvUv fvO‡Z m¶g nq, Zvn‡j †m GgbwK KiYxq ˆgÎx my‡Î ewY©Z GMviwU c×wZi PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi †mB mv‡_ c w Um w ¤¢ vg¹ bvgK cvwj MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z cuvPkZ AvUvk cÖKv‡i ˆgÎx Qwo‡q †ÌqvUvI PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡YB Avgiv ˆgÎx-fvebvi Av‡M mv`v K…rmœ-fvebvUv †kLvB|

Avcbviv nq‡Zv ey×¸Y-fvebv ( ey×vb y¯§„w Z) K‡i‡Qb| Avcbviv wK DcPvi a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb? ˆgÎx-fvebvq mdj e¨w³iv ey×¸‡Yi fvebvq GK emv‡ZB DcPvi a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| KviY, Zv‡ì Av‡Mi a¨v‡bi g‡bv‡hvM Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i| weiƒcZv-fvebvI ( A m yf) Lye mnR n‡q hvq| hw` fvebvKvix weiƒcZv-fvebvq cÖ_g a¨vb ch©šÍ PP©v K‡ib, Avi Zvi c‡i g„Zz¨-fvebv ( gi Y vby¯§„w Z) K‡ib, Zvn‡j wZwb GK emv‡ZB mvdj¨ †c‡Z m¶g n‡eb|



G Kvi‡YB Avgiv PviwU Avi¶v fvebvi Av‡M K…rmœ-fvebv †kLvB| Z‡e, hw` †Kv‡bv fvebvKvix mivmwi we`k©‡b †h‡Z Pvq, PviwU Avi¶v fvebv ev` w`‡q, †m Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| cÖkœ 2.3 : b vgi ƒ c ‡ K †`L vi c ‡ i †Kb cÖ‡ Z¨K‡ K c ÖZxZ ¨m gyrc v`-

b xw Zi c Ö_ g Ges c Âg c ×w Zi PP©v Ki ‡ Z n q ? DËi 2.3 : †_iev`x g‡Z, weïw×i mvZwU avc Av‡Q| Avwg GLv‡b

cÖ_g cuvPwU e¨vL¨v Kie| G¸‡jv n‡”Q : 1. kxjweïw×| 2. wPËweïw×| GwU n‡”Q DcPvi a¨vb Ges Aó mgvcwË jvf Kiv| 3. „wóweïw×| GwU n‡”Q bvgiƒc cwi‡”Q` Ávb| 4. K•Lv-DËiY-weïw× ev m‡›`n †_‡K weïw×| GwU n‡”Q cÖZ¨q-

cwiMÖn-Ávb| Ab¨ K_vq, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K †`Lv| 5. gvM©-AgvM©-Ávb`k©b-weïw×| GwU n‡”Q msgk©b Ávb Ges D`q-

wejq Ávb, hv †_‡K we`k©‡bi ïiæ| †Zv, we`k©‡bi ïiæi Av‡M PviwU weïw× Av‡Q| †Kb? we`k©b n‡”Q

AšÍ ©„wó| bvgiƒ‡ci AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv eySvi, Dcjwä Kivi g‡Zv AšÍ ©„wó| bvgiƒc‡K Rvbvi Av‡M Avgiv Kxfv‡e eySe †h Zviv AwbZ¨, ytLgq Ges AbvZ¥? Kxfv‡e Avgiv we`k©‡bi PP©v Kie? Kv‡RB, †Kej cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv Dcjwäi c‡i Avgiv we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Z cvie|

bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K ejv nq m„wó ev ms¯‹vi| G¸‡jv Drcbœ n‡qB wejxb n‡q hvq; GRb¨B Zviv AwbZ¨| Zviv me© v DrcwË I wej‡qi Aaxb; GRb¨B Zviv ytLgq| Zv‡ì AvZ¥ ev wbR ( A Ë) ej‡Z wKQz †bB, w ’wZkxj Ges aŸsm nq bv Ggb †Kv‡bv wKQz †bB, G Kvi‡YB Zviv AbvZ¥|

Gfv‡e AwbZ¨, ytLgq I AbvZ¥‡K eySvUv n‡”Q mwZ¨Kv‡ii we`k©b| ZvB we`k©‡bi Av‡M Avgiv fvebvKvix‡ì †kLvB bvg, iƒc Ges cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ| A_©K_vq Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, ÔA w b ” Pw š Í c ÂK&L ÜvÕ| Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q ÔcÂ¯‹Ü AwbZ¨Õ| Ab¨ K_vq, GB cÂ¯‹Ü n‡”Q bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv| AZGe, mwZ¨Kv‡ii we`k©b wbf©i K‡i cÂ¯‹Ü, Avi Zv‡ì KviY Ges d‡ji Dc‡i|

ey× Zuvi †kÖvZv‡ì ¯fve Abymv‡i cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ eySvi Rb¨



PviwU c×wZ wkwL‡q‡Qb| c w Um w ¤¢ vg ¹ MÖ‡š’ Av‡iKUv c×wZ Av‡Q| me wgwj‡q cuvPwU c×wZ i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g c×wZ n‡”Q cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv‡ì bxwZ‡K cÖ_g †_‡K GKvw`µ‡g eySv : ÔAwe¾ vc” P q v m •L viv, m •L vic” P q-vweTTvYs, weT TvYc” P q v b vgiƒcs... BZ¨vw`Õ| GB cÖ_g c×wZUv †_iev`x †eŠ×a‡g© Lye RbwcÖq, wKš‘ hv‡ì Awfag© Ávb †bB, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q GUvi PP©v Kiv Lye KwVb n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e fv‡jv Awfag© Ávb Av‡Q, Ggb fvebvKvixivI G‡Z A‡bK mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡ib|

cÂg c×wZwU mvwicyÎ f‡šÍi †kLv‡bv| GwU cvwj MÖš’ cwUm w ¤ ¢ vg‡ ¹ wj‡L ivLv n‡q‡Q, hv bexb‡ì Rb¨ mnR| G‡Z cÖ_‡g eyS‡Z nq †h AZx‡Zi cuvPwU KviY eZ©gv‡bi cuvPwU dj‡K Drcbœ K‡i‡Q, Avi eZ©gv‡bi cuvPwU KviY fwel¨‡Zi cuvPwU dj‡K Drcbœ Ki‡e| GwUB cÂg c×wZi g~jbxwZ| hw` Avcwb cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g GwU‡K Rvb‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcbvi GB avc ch©šÍ PP©v Kiv DwPZ|

cÂg c×wZwU h_vh_fv‡e PP©v Kivi c‡i cÖ_g c×wZwU PP©v Ki‡Z †ewk mgm¨v n‡e bv| G Kvi‡YB Avgiv cÖ_g c×wZi Av‡M cÂg c×wZ †kLvB| hviv mgq w`‡Z cv‡i, Ges AviI A‡bK `~i PP©v Ki‡Z Pvq, Zv‡ì Avgiv cuvPwU c×wZB †kLvB| wKš‘ ey× hwÌ Zvi †kÖvZv‡ì PwiÎ Abymv‡i cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv‡ì bxwZ wkwL‡q‡Qb PviwU c×wZ‡Z, †mLv‡b GKUv c×wZB wbe©vY jv‡fi Rb¨ h‡_ó| †h‡nZz cÖ_g c×wZwU †_iev`x †eŠ×a‡g© RbwcÖq, ZvB Avgiv cÂg Ges cÖ_g, Dfq c×wZB †kLvB|

GKw`b Avb›` f‡šÍ PviwU c×wZi me¸‡jv w`‡q cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ PP©v K‡i mÜ¨vq ey‡×i Kv‡Q nvwRi n‡q ej‡jb, Ôf‡šÍ, hwÌ cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ Lye Mfxi, Avgvi Kv‡Q GwU †mvRv|Õ ey× DËi w`‡jb : ÔG Z¯m P vb ›` , a ¤ § ¯m Ab by‡ eva v, Aàw U‡ ea v Gegqs cRvZ šÍv K zj KRvZv, Kzj vMwÉKRvZv, gyÄ ceŸ Rf‚Zv Acvqs ` y¹wZ s wewb cZs msm vis b vwZeË wZ|Õ Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q †h, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ e¨ZxZ, Ab y‡ eva -TvY Ges

cwU‡ ea -TvY w`‡q, †Kv‡bv e¨w³ msmviPµ †_‡K †e‡iv‡Z cv‡i bv, PviwU Acvq †_‡K cvjv‡Z cv‡i bv|

Ab y‡ eva -TvY n‡”Q bvgiƒc we‡køl‡Yi Ávb (b vgiƒ c-cwi‡ ” Q ` -TvY) Ges KviY I kZ©vejx Dcjwäi Ávb (c” P q- cwi¹n -TvY)| cw U‡ ea -TvY n‡”Q mKj we`k©b Ávb (wec ¯m b v-TvY)| Kv‡RB, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ ev` w`‡q †Kej Aby‡ eva -TvY Ges cwU‡ ea -TvY w`‡q GKRb wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ A_©K_v GUvI e‡j †h, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-



bxwZ bv Rvb‡j †KDB Rb¥Pµ †_‡K cvjv‡Z cv‡i bv, ¯‡cœI bq| � -------------------------------------------



[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ †`kbv 3 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

eªþwenvi fvebv I Avi¶v fvebv AvR‡K Avwg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z hve Kxfv‡e PviwU eªþwenvi fvebv Ges PviwU Avi¶v fvebv Ki‡Z nq| PviwU eªþwenvi fvebv n‡”Q : ˆgÎx, KiæYv, gyw`Zv (Lywkfve) I D‡c¶v-fvebv|

ˆgÎx-fvebv AcÖ‡gq ˆgÎx-fvebv Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi cÖ_‡g Rvbv DwPZ †h GwU wecixZ wj‡½i Kv‡iv cÖwZ Kiv DwPZ bq ( w j ½w emfvM), A_ev †Kv‡bv g„Z e¨w³i cÖwZ Kiv DwPZ bq ( Kvj KZc y¹j )|

ˆgÎx-fvebvi welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv wecixZ wj‡½i e¨w³‡K †bIqv DwPZ bq| KviY, G‡Z Lye m¤¢e Zvi cÖwZ Avcbvi †hŠb KvgbvB †R‡M DV‡e| Z‡e a¨vb jv‡fi c‡i `jMZfv‡e wecixZ wj‡½i e¨w³‡ì cÖwZ ˆgÎx †Ìqv hvq, D`vniY¯iƒc, ÔmKj †g‡qiv myLx †nvK|Õ

g„Z e¨w³i cÖwZ ˆgÎx †Ìqv KL‡bvB DwPZ bq, †Kbbv g„Z e¨w³‡K fvebvi welqe ‘ K‡i Avcwb KL‡bvB ˆgÎx-a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|

†h-mg Í e¨w³‡ì cÖwZ Avcbvi ˆgÎx cÖmvwiZ Kiv DwPZ, Zviv n‡”Q :

1. Avcwb wb‡R ( A Ë),



2. †Kv‡bv GK e¨w³, hv‡K Avcwb cQ›` K‡ib Ges m¤§vb K‡ib ( w c q ), 3. †Kv‡bv GK e¨w³, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n ( gÀË), 4. †Kv‡bv GK kÎæ ( †ei x)| hwÌ ïiæ‡Z Avcbvi ˆgÎx wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ †Kej wb‡Ri cÖwZ, Avi

hv‡K Avcwb cQ›` K‡ib I m¤§vb K‡ib Zvi cÖwZ| Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q, fvebvi ïiæ‡Z Avcbvi wb‡gœv³ e¨w³‡ì cÖwZ ˆgÎxwPšÍv Kiv DwPZ bq : †h e¨w³‡K Avcwb cQ›` K‡ib bv ( A wà q cy¹j ), †h e¨w³ Avcbvi Lye wcÖq ( A w Zw àq mn vq K), †h e¨w³i cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n ( gÀËc y¹j ), Ges †h e¨w³‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib (†ei xc y¹j )|

†h e¨w³‡K Avcwb cQ›` K‡ib bv, †m n‡”Q Ggb GKRb e¨w³, †h Avcbvi A_ev Avcwb hv‡ì cQ›` K‡ib Zv‡ì DcKvi nq, Ggb †Kv‡bv KvR K‡i bv| †h e¨w³‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib, †m n‡”Q Ggb GKRb e¨w³, †h Avcbvi A_ev Avcwb hv‡ì cQ›` K‡ib Zv‡ì ¶wZ nq Ggb KvR K‡i| ïiæ‡Z Zv‡ì cÖwZ ˆgÎx wPšÍv KivUv Lye KwVb, KviY †µva Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i| †h e¨w³i cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, ïiæi w`‡K Zvi cÖwZ ˆgÎx wPšÍv KivUvI KwVb nq| Avcbvi Lye wcÖq †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K wb‡q ˆgÎx-fvebv Ki‡j, Avcwb Zvi mv‡_ Lye †ewk Rwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi Rb¨ D‡ØM I Kó †c‡Z cv‡ib, GgbwK Zvi GKUv wKQz n‡q‡Q ïb‡j KvbœvI Avm‡Z cv‡i Avcbvi| ZvB fvebvi ïiæi w`‡K GB PviR‡bi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ bq| c‡i, GKevi hw` ˆgÎx-a¨vb jvf K‡ib, ZLb Avcwb Zv‡ì cÖwZ ˆgÎxwPšÍv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wb‡R‡K fvebvi welqe ‘ K‡i kZ eQi a‡i ˆgÎx-fvebv Ki‡jI Avcwb a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| GgbwK DcPvi a¨vbI bq| Zvn‡j wb‡R‡K w`‡q ˆgÎx-fvebv ïiæ Ki‡Z hvIqv †Kb? Gi KviY n‡”Q hLb Avcwb wb‡Ri cÖwZ ˆgÎxwPšÍv Ki‡eb, Avcwb Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ mv‡_ wb‡R‡KI wPb‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcwb †`L‡eb †h Avcwb †hgb myLx n‡Z Pvb, Kó †c‡Z Pvb bv, A‡bK eQi euvP‡Z Pvb, Ges gi‡Z Pvb bv, wVK †Zgwb Ab¨vbïvI mevB myLx n‡Z Pvq, Kó †c‡Z Pvq bv, A‡bK eQi euvP‡Z Pvq Ges gi‡Z Pvq bv|

Gfv‡e Avcwb Ggb GKwU gb M‡o Zzj‡Z m¶g n‡eb, †h gb Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx‡ì myL Ges mg„w× Kvgbv K‡i| ey‡×i fvlvq :



ÔmeŸ v w `m v A b yc w i M¤§ † PZm v, † b eÀMv w c q Zi gË b v K¡w P |

Ges w c ‡ q v c y_ y A Ë v c ‡ i ms, Z¯§v b w n s‡ m c i gËKv‡ gv|Õ

(msqyËwbKv‡qv 1.75) Ôgb w`‡q me©w`‡K Lyu‡RI †m KvD‡K cvq bv hv‡K †m wb‡Ri †P‡qI

†ewk fv‡jvev‡m| wVK GKBfv‡e, Pviw`‡Ki mKj cÖvYxivI Ab¨‡ì †P‡q wb‡R‡ìB †ewk fv‡jvev‡m| AZGe, †h wb‡Ri Kj¨vY Pvq, Zvi Ab¨‡ì ¶wZ Kiv DwPZ bq|Õ

ZvB, GB AwfbœZv eyS‡Z wM‡q Ges Avcbvi gb‡K †Kvgj I `qvjy Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbv‡K cÖ_‡g wb‡Ri cÖwZ ˆgÎxwPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi K_v¸‡jvi g‡Zv :

1. Avwg †hb wec` †_‡K gy³ _vwK ( A n s A ‡ e‡ i v †n vw g), 2. Avwg †hb gvbwmK Kó †_‡K gy³ _vwK ( A e¨vc ‡ ¾ v †n vw g), 3. Avwg †hb ˆ`wnK Kó †_‡K gy³ _vwK ( A b x‡ N v †n vw g), 4. Avwg †hb my ’ I myLx nB ( m yL x A Ë vb s c w i n i vw g)|

hw` Kv‡ivi gb †Kvgj, `qvjy, mge¨_x nq Ges Ab¨‡ì cÖwZ Zvi mngwg©Zv _v‡K, Zvn‡j Av‡iKR‡bi cÖwZ ˆgÎxwPšÍv M‡o †ZvjvUv Zvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv KwVb e¨vcvi n‡e bv| ZvB Avcbvi wb‡Ri cÖwZ ˆgÎxfveUv Av‡M cÖej I kw³kvjx K‡i M‡o †ZvjvUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| hLb Avcbvi gb †Kvgj, `qvjy, mge¨_x n‡e Ges Ab¨‡ì cÖwZ mngwg©Zv‡eva M‡o DV‡e, ZLb Avcwb Ab¨‡ì cÖwZ ˆgÎxwPšÍv Kiv ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Avcbvi cQ‡›ì Ges m¤§vwbZ e¨w³i cÖwZ ˆgÎxfve hw` Avcwb k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebvq A_ev mv`v K…rmœ-fvebvq PZz_© a¨vb AR©b K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avevi Zv‡Z g‡bvwb‡ek Kiv DwPZ Avcbvi hZ¶Y bv D¾¡j, `xwßgvb Av‡jv Avwef©‚Z nq| we‡kl K‡i mv`v K…r‡mœi PZz_© a¨v‡bi Av‡jvq ˆgÎx-fvebv Kiv mwZ¨B Lye mnR| KviY, PZz_© a¨v‡bi Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi d‡j gbUv Ggwb‡ZB †jvf, †µva, †gvn I



Ab¨vb¨ KjylZv¸‡jv †_‡K gy³ _v‡K| PZz_© a¨vb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m gbUv _v‡K bgbxq, Kv‡Ri †hvM¨, weï×, D¾¡j I `xwßgvb| Avi G Kvi‡YB, Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ Avcwb kw³kvjx I wbLyuZ ˆgÎxfve MVb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡eb|

ZvB, kw³kvjx I D¾¡j Av‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ Avcwb gbUv‡K wb‡Ri wj‡½i †Kv‡bv e¨w³i cÖwZ avweZ Kiæb hv‡K Avcwb cQ›` I m¤§vb K‡ib : n‡Z cv‡i †m Avcbvi ¸iæ ev wk¶K A_ev Avcbvi mv‡_i †Kv‡bv fvebvKvix| Avcwb †`L‡eb †h Av‡jv Qwo‡q Av‡Q Avcbvi Pviw`K Ry‡o, me©w`‡K| Avcwb hv‡KB cQ›` Ki‡eb, †mB e¨w³‡K †mB Av‡jvq †`L‡Z cv‡eb| Avcwb Zvi emv ev uvov‡bv Ae ’vi GKUv cÖwZg~wZ© wbb| †hUv‡K Avcwb me‡P‡q cQ›` K‡ib, Zvi †h fw½Uv Avcbv‡K me‡P‡q myLx K‡i †Zv‡j, †mB fw½i cÖwZK…wZ †e‡Q wbb| hLb Avcwb Zv‡K me‡P‡q myLx Ae ’vq †`‡L‡Qb ZLbKvi K_v g‡b K‡i †`Lyb, Avi †mB myLx gyn~‡Z©i cÖwZK…wZ †e‡Q wbb| †mB cÖwZK…wZ‡K Avcbvi mvg‡b GK MR ~‡i Avbyb| hLb Avcwb GB cÖwZK…wZ‡K Avcbvi mvg‡b cwi®‹vifv‡e †`L‡Z cv‡eb, ZLb wb‡Pi K_v¸‡jvi gva¨‡g ˆgÎxwPšÍv M‡o Zzjyb :

GB fv‡jv e¨w³wU wec` †_‡K gy³ _vKzK| ( A q s mà yw i ‡ m v A ‡ e‡i v †n vZz) |

GB fv‡jv e¨w³wU gvbwmK Kó †_‡K gy³ _vKzK| ( A q s mà yw i ‡ m v A e¨vc ‡ ¾ v †n vZz) |

GB fv‡jv e¨w³wU ˆ`wnK Kó †_‡K gy³ _vKzK| ( A q s mà yw i ‡ m v A b x‡ N v †n vZz) |

GB fv‡jv e¨w³wU my ’ I myLx _vKzK| ( A q s mà yw i ‡ m v myL x A Ë vb s c wi n i š‘) |

†mB e¨w³i cÖwZ GB K_v¸‡jvi gva¨‡g ˆgÎxfve Qwo‡q w`b wZb ev Pvievi| Gici GB K_v¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K Avcbvi Lye cQ‡›ì †Kv‡bv GKwU K_v‡K †e‡Q wbb| D`vniY¯iƒc, GB K_vUv aiv hvK, ÔGB fv‡jv e¨w³wU wec` †_‡K gy³ _vKzKÕ| Gevi †mB e¨w³i bZzb GKwU cÖwZg~wZ© Avbyb| GB D`vni‡Yi †¶‡Î †mwU n‡e wec` †_‡K gy³ Av‡Q Ggb



†Kv‡bv cÖwZg~wZ©| Gevi †mB cÖwZg~wZ©‡K j¶ K‡i †mB ˆgÎxfveUv‡K Qwo‡q w`b Avcbvi †e‡Q †bIqv K_vwU w`‡q| †hgb GB D`vni‡Yi †¶‡Î †mUv n‡e, ÔGB fv‡jv e¨w³wU wec` †_‡K gy³ _vKzK, GB fv‡jv e¨w³wU wec` †_‡K gy³ _vKzKÕ| evi evi Gfv‡e ˆgÎxfve Qwo‡q w`b hZ¶Y bv gb kvšÍ I welqe ‘‡Z myw ’Z bv nq, hZ¶Y bv Avcwb a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv‡K eyS‡Z bv cv‡ib, ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ| Gici, PP©v Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv wØZxq Ges Z…Zxq a¨v‡b †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡ib|

Dch©y³ PviwU K_vi Rb¨ Avcbvi cQ›`g‡Zv GKwU K‡i cÖwZK…wZ _vKv DwPZ| A_©vr hLb fve‡Qb, ÔGB fv‡jv e¨w³wU wec` †_‡K gy³ _vKzKÕ ZLb Avcbvi †mB e¨w³i wec` †_‡K gy³ GKwU cÖwZK…wZ g‡bi g‡a¨ Avbv DwPZ| hLb fve‡Qb ÔGB fv‡jv e¨w³wU gvbwmK Kó †_‡K gy³ _vKzKÕ ZLb †mB e¨w³i gvbwmK Kó †_‡K gy³ †Kv‡bv cÖwZK…wZ Avcbvi g‡bi g‡a¨ Avbv DwPZ| Gfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ K_v¸‡jvI a‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e Avcbvi wZbwU a¨vb AR©b Kiv DwPZ| Avi cÖ‡Z¨KwU a¨v‡bi †¶‡Î cuvPwU `¶Zv ( e m xfve) AvqZ¡ Ki‡Z fzj‡eb bv †hb|

hLb Avcbvi cQ‡›ì Ges m¤§vwbZ e¨w³‡K wb‡q mdj n‡eb, ZLb GKB wj‡½i Av‡iKRb e¨w³‡K wbb hv‡KI Avcwb cQ›` K‡ib Ges m¤§vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e GB †kÖwYi `kRb e¨w³‡K †e‡Q wbb, Avi ˆgÎxfve M‡o Zzjyb Zv‡ì cÖwZ GKRb GKRb K‡i, GKBfv‡e Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ|

Gici Avcbvi mgRvZxq wj‡½i `kRb e¨w³‡K wbb, hv‡ì cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, Avi Zv‡ì cÖwZ GKBfv‡e Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ ˆgÎxfve M‡o Zzjyb|

GLb Avcwb ˆgÎx-fvebvq my`¶ n‡q D‡V‡Qb, Avi Avcbvi mgRvZxq wj‡½i `kRb e¨w³i cÖwZ ˆgÎxfve Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib hv‡ì Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib| Avcwb hw` †evwam‡Ë¡i g‡Zv †Kv‡bv gnrcÖvY †jvK nb, †hgb †evwamË¡ hLb gnvKwc bv‡gi GK evbi ivRv wQ‡jb, †mB mgq Zv‡K ¶wZ Ki‡jI wZwb †mB e¨w³‡K N„Yv Ki‡Zb bv, Ges Avcwb hw` mwZ¨ mwZ¨B KvD‡K N„YvI K‡ib bv, AeÁvI K‡ib bv, Zvn‡j GB †kÖwY‡Z †djvi Rb¨ KvD‡K †LuvRvi ìKvi †bB| hv‡ì N„Yv ev AeÁv Kivi g‡Zv †jvK Av‡Q, †Kej ZvivB GB †kÖwYi †jvKR‡bi cÖwZ ˆgÎxfve M‡o Zzj‡eb|



Gfv‡e ˆgÎxfv‡ei PP©v K‡i, cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwYi †jvKR‡bi †¶‡Î Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ fvebv K‡i, GK †kÖwY †_‡K Av‡iK †kÖwY‡Z AMÖmi n‡q, me‡P‡q mnR †_‡K me‡P‡q KwVb †kÖwY‡Z hvIqvi gva¨‡g Avcbvi gb‡K µgvš‡q AviI †Kvgj, `qvjy Ges bgbxq Kiæb, hZ¶Y bv Avcwb B‡”Qg‡Zv a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib GB Pvi †kÖwYi †h †Kv‡bv †kÖwYi †jvKRb‡K w`‡q, hv‡ì Avcwb m¤§vb K‡ib, hviv Avcbvi wcÖq, hv‡ì cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, Avi hv‡ì Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib|

†f`v‡f‡ì mxgv †f‡O †djv (mxgvm‡¤¢ ) Gfv‡e ˆgÎx-fvebv PP©v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avcwb †`L‡eb †h Avcwb hv‡ì cQ›` I m¤§vb K‡ib, Avi hviv Avcbvi Lye wcÖq, GB Dfq †kÖwYi †jvK‡ì cÖwZ Avcbvi ˆgÎxfve mgvb n‡q †M‡Q, GLb Avcwb Zv‡ì GKB †kÖwY‡Z †dj‡Z cv‡ib| ZLb Avcbvi Kv‡Q _vK‡e †Kej Pvi †kÖwYi †jvK :

1. Avcwb wb‡R, 2. hv‡ì Avcwb cQ›` K‡ib, 3. hv‡ì cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, 4. hv‡ì Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib|

GB Pvi †kÖwYi †jvK‡ì cÖwZ Avcbvi ˆgÎxfv‡ei PP©v K‡i †h‡Z n‡e, hZ¶Y bv mgZv bv Av‡m Ges †Kv‡bv we‡f` ev êlg¨nxb nq| hwÌ wb‡R‡K fvebvi welqe ‘ K‡i Avcwb ˆgÎxa¨vb cv‡eb bv, ZeyI GB Pvi †kÖwYi g‡a¨Kvi mxgv †f‡O †djvi Rb¨ Avcbvi wb‡R‡KI G‡Z AšÍf©z³ Ki‡Z n‡e|

GUv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbv‡K cÖ_‡g k¦vmcÖk¦vm ev mv`v K…r‡mœi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e| kw³kvjx I D¾¡j Av‡jvq Gevi Avcwb GK wgwbU ev wb‡`bc‡¶ K‡qK †m‡KÛ n‡jI wb‡Ri cÖwZ ˆgÎx w`b| Gi c‡i hv‡K Avcwb cQ›` K‡ib, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n Avi hv‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib, Gfv‡e GK GK K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wb‡q ˆgÎx-fvebv Kiæb Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ| Gevi Avevi wb‡R‡K ˆgÎx w`b Aí mg‡qi Rb¨, wKš‘ Ab¨ wZb †kÖwYi Rb¨ Gevi Aek¨B wfbœ e¨w³‡ì wb‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Dch©y³ PviwU K_vi cÖ‡Z¨KwU K_v w`‡q, †hgb : ÔGB fv‡jv e¨w³wU



wec` †_‡K gy³ _vKzKÕ BZ¨vw` w`‡q G‡Kev‡i Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ ˆgÎx w`‡Z fzj‡eb bv †hb|

Gfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨Kev‡i Avcbvi GB wZb †kÖwYi †jvK‡ì e`‡j †bIqv DwPZ : hv‡K Avcwb cQ›` K‡ib, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, Avi hv‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib| Gfv‡e evi evi Kiæb| wfbœ wfbœ PviR‡bi `j wb‡q A‡bKevi PP©v Kiæb hv‡Z K‡i Avcbvi gb evavnxbfv‡e ˆgÎx‡Z cøvweZ nq, we‡kl †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ QvovB| hLb Avcwb evQwePvi bv K‡iB †h Kv‡iv cÖwZ ˆgÎx-a¨vb Drcbœ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, ZLbB Avcwb †mB †f`v‡f‡ì Ômxgv fvO‡ZÕ ( m xg vm‡ ¤¢ ) m¶g n‡eb|

wewfbœ †kÖwYi gv‡S mxgvUv †f‡O †d‡j GLb Avcwb ˆgÎx-fvebv‡K AviI A‡bK ~i cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb †mB c×wZ Øviv, †h c×wZwU mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ wkwL‡q‡Qb, Avi c w Um w ¤¢ vg‡ ¹ †hwU‡K wj‡L ivLv n‡q‡Q|

evBkwU †kÖwY cwUmw¤¢ vg‡¹i c×wZ‡Z evBkwU †kÖwY‡Z ˆgÎx we Í…Z Kivi K_v Av‡Q : cuvPwU Awbw ©ó †kÖwY ( A ‡ b vw a ‡m v- d i Y v), mvZwU wbw ©ó †kÖwY ( Iw a ‡ m v-d i Y v), Ges `kwU w`Kwb‡ ©kK †kÖwY ( w `m v- d i Y v)|

cuvPwU Awbw ©ó †kÖwY n‡”Q :

1. mKj Rxe ( m‡ eŸ mË v) 2. mKj cÖvYx ( m‡ eŸ c vY v) 3. mKj m„wó ( m‡ eŸ f‚Zv) 4. mKj †jvKRb ( m‡ eŸ cy¹j v) 5. mKj e¨w³ ( m‡ eŸ A Ëfvec w i q vc bœv)

mvZwU wbw ©ó †kÖwY n‡”Q :

1. mKj bvix ( m‡ eŸ B w Ì‡ q v) 2. mKj cyiæl ( m‡ eŸ cyw i m v) 3. mKj Avh© ( m‡ eŸ A w i q v) 4. mKj Abvh© ( m‡ eŸ A b w iq v)



5. mKj †èZv ( m‡ eŸ †èv) 6. mKj gvbyl ( m‡ eŸ gb y¯m v) 7. mKj BZi cÖvYx ( m‡ eŸ w ew b c vw ZKv)

`kwU w`Kwb‡ ©kK †kÖwY n‡”Q :

1. c~e© w`‡K ( c yi w Ìgvq w `m vq ) 2. cwðg w`‡K ( c w ” Qgvq w `m vq ) 3. DËi w`‡K ( DËi vq w `m vq ) 4. `w¶Y w`‡K ( `w KL Y vq w `m v q ) 5. `w¶Y-c~e© w`‡K ( c ~i w Ìgvq A b yw `m vq ) 6. DËi-cwðg w`‡K ( c w ” Qgvq A b yw `m vq ) 7. DËi-c~e© w`‡K ( DËi vq A b yw `m vq ) 8. `w¶Y-cwðg w`‡K ( `w KL Y vq A byw `m vq ) 9. wb‡P ( †n w UVgvq w `m vq ) 10. Dc‡i ( Dc w i gvq w `m vq )

Awbw ©ó Ges wbw ©ó †kÖwY GB c×wZ‡Z ˆgÎx-fvebv Ki‡Z n‡j Av‡Mi g‡ZvB mv`v K…r‡mœi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv DwPZ| Gici ˆgÎx we Ívi Kiv DwPZ wb‡Ri cÖwZ, hv‡K Avcwb m¤§vb K‡ib ev wcÖq e¨w³, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, Ges hv‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib, hZ¶Y bv Avcbvi Avi Ab¨‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mxgvbv _v‡K| Gici †mB D¾¡j I `xwßgvb Av‡jv‡Z Avcbvi Pvicv‡k hZ ~i m¤¢e, Avcbvi wewìs ev wenv‡ii Av‡kcv‡k hZ Rxe Av‡Q mevB‡K †`Lyb| Zv‡ì cwi®‹vifv‡e †`L‡Z †c‡j Gevi evQwePvinxbfv‡e cuvPwU Awbw ©ó †kÖwY Ges †e‡Q †e‡Q mvZwU †kÖwY‡Z, †gvU ev‡iv cÖKv‡i ˆgÎxfve we Í…Z Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwY‡Z ˆgÎxfve Qwo‡q †Ìqv DwPZ wb‡gœv³ Pvifv‡e :

1. Zviv wec` †_‡K gy³ _vKzK, 2. Zviv gvbwmK Kó †_‡K gy³ _vKzK, 3. Zviv ˆ`wnK Kó †_‡K gy³ _vKzK, 4. Zviv my ’ I myLx †nvK|



ÔZvivÕ ej‡Z GLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î G‡KK †kÖwY‡K eySv‡”Q, mKj Rxe, mKj †èZv BZ¨vw`|

Gfv‡e Avcwb ˆgÎx we Í…Z Ki‡eb me©‡gvU AvUPwjøk cÖKv‡i [7+5 = 12 × 4 = 48]|

cÖ‡Z¨Kevi ˆgÎxfve we Ív‡ii mgq cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwYi Rxe¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM I a¨v‡bi Av‡jvq cwi®‹vi „k¨gvb nIqv DwPZ| D`vniY¯iƒc, hLb Avcwb mKj bvixi cÖwZ ˆgÎxfve we¯Í…Z Ki‡eb, ZLb ev ÍweKB a¨v‡bi Av‡jvq Avcbvi wbw ©ó GjvKvi g‡a¨Kvi mg Í bvix‡K cwi¯‹vi †`Lv DwPZ| Avcbvi †mB wbw ©ó GjvKvi g‡a¨Kvi mKj cyiæl, †èZv, BZi cÖvYx, BZ¨vw` mevB‡K Avm‡jB †`L‡Z cvIqv DwPZ| cÖ‡Z¨Kevi we Ív‡ii mg‡q Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z n‡e, cieZ©x we Ív‡i hvIqvi Av‡M| Gfv‡e Avcbvi PP©v Kiv DwPZ hZ¶Y bv AvUPwjøk cÖKv‡ii me¸‡jv‡ZB Avcwb my`¶ nb|

my`¶ n‡j Gevi Avcbvi wbw ©ó GjvKvi MwÐ AviI cÖmvwiZ Kiv DwPZ hv‡Z µgvš‡q AšÍf©z³ nq Avcbvi cy‡iv wenvi, cy‡iv MÖvg, cy‡iv kni, cy‡iv cÖ‡`k, cy‡iv †`k, cy‡iv wek¦, cy‡iv †mŠiRMr, cy‡iv Qvqvc_, Ges cy‡iv Amxg gnvwek¦| cÖ‡Z¨KwU m¤úÖmvwiZ GjvKvq AvUPwjøkwU Dcv‡q Avcbvi ˆgÎx-fvebvi PP©v Kiv DwPZ Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ|

ˆgÎxi Ggb m¤ú~Y© we Ív‡i `¶ n‡q DV‡j Gevi Avcwb `kwU w`Kwb‡ ©kK †kÖwY‡Z AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡ib| `k w`Kwb‡ ©kK †kÖwY `k w`Kwb‡ ©kK †kÖwY‡Z ˆgÎx-fvebv Kiv n‡”Q `k w`‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU w`‡K Dch©y³ AvUPwjøkwU Dcv‡q ˆgÎxfve M‡o †Zvjv| Gfv‡e (10×48 =480) Pvik AvwkwU Dcv‡q ˆgÎxfvebv Ki‡Z nq| G¸‡jvi mv‡_ c~‡e©v³ AvUPwjøkwU we Ív‡ii Dcvq †hvM Ki‡j ˆgÎxfvebvi we Ív‡ii Dcvq uvovq (480+48 = 528) cuvPkZ AvUvkwU|

w`Kwb‡ ©kK †kÖwYi ˆgÎxfvebv Kivi Rb¨ cy‡iv gnvwe‡k¦ Avcbvi c~e©w`‡Ki mKj Rxe¸‡jv‡K †`L‡Z cvIqv DwPZ, Avi Zv‡ì cÖwZ AvUPwjøk cÖKv‡i ˆgÎxfve we Ívi Kiv DwPZ| Gi c‡i wVK GKBfv‡e cwðg I Ab¨vb¨ mKj w`‡K Kiv DwPZ|



Gfv‡e cuvPkZ AvUvk cÖKv‡i ˆgÎxfve we Ív‡i my`¶ n‡q DV‡j Avcwb ˆgÎx-fvebvi GMviwU mydj cvIqvi AwfÁZv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, hv ey× A½yËiwbKv‡q e‡j‡Qb|

Ôwf¶zMY, hLb ˆgÎx Øviv cwic~Y© Ggb gy³g‡bi PP©v Kiv nq, M‡o †Zvjv nq, evi evi Abykxjb Kiv nq, GwU‡K gva¨g wn‡m‡e †bIqv nq, wfwË wn‡m‡e †bIqv nq, my „pfv‡e cÖwZwôZ Kiv nq, mymsnZ Kiv nq, h_vh_fv‡e AvqZ¡ Kiv nq, ZLb GMviwU myd‡ji Avkv Kiv hvq| †mB GMviwU mydj Kx Kx? †m ¯w Í‡Z Nygvq; ¯w Í‡Z Rv‡M; yt¯cœ †`‡L bv; gvbyl‡ì wcÖq nq; Agvbyl‡ìI wcÖq nq; †èZviv Zv‡K i¶v K‡i; Av¸b, wel Ges A ¿ Zv‡K ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; Zvi gb mn‡R GKvMÖ nq; Zvi Mv‡qi is D¾¡j nq; g„Zzï mg‡qI Zvi ¯§„wZ jyß nq bv; hw` †m D”PZi Ávb jvf bv K‡i, Z‡e g„Zzï c‡i †m eªþ‡jv‡K Rb¥ †bq|Õ

KiæYv fvebv Dch©y³ wbq‡g GKevi ˆgÎx-fvebv Ki‡Z cvi‡j Gic‡i AcÖ‡gq KiæYvi fvebv Kiv Lye GKUv KwVb n‡e bv| KiæYv-fvebv Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi cÖ_‡g mgRvZxq wj‡½i RxweZ GK e¨w³‡K †e‡Q †bIqv DwPZ †h Lye K‡ó Av‡Q| Zvi K‡ói K_v †f‡e †f‡e Zvi Rb¨ Avcbvi KiæYv RvMv‡bv DwPZ|

Gici Avcwb mv`v K…r‡mœi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiæb, †mB a¨v‡bi D¾¡j I `xwßgvb Av‡jv eënvi K‡i †mB e¨w³‡K †`Lyb Ges ˆgÎx a¨vb Kiæb| †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m †mB y ©kvMÖ Í e¨w³i cÖwZ KiæYv M‡o Zzjyb GB wPšÍv K‡i, ÔGB e¨w³wU Kó †_‡K gyw³ cvKÕ ( A q s mà yw i ‡ m v

yKL v gy”P Zz)| Ggb A‡bKevi Kiæb, evi evi Kiæb, hZ¶Y bv cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq a¨vb jvf K‡ib, Ges cÖ‡Z¨K a¨v‡b cuvP cÖKvi `¶Zv AR©b K‡i wbb| Gici Avcbvi KiæYvi PP©v Kiv DwPZ n‡e ˆgÎx-fvebvq †hgbwU K‡i‡Qb wVK †mfv‡e, A_©vr Avcbvi cQ‡›ì e¨w³i cÖwZ, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, Avi hv‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib; cÖ‡Z¨K‡K G‡Kev‡i Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ, hZ¶Y bv Avcwb Zv‡ì gv‡S †f`v‡f‡ì mxgvUv †f‡O †dj‡Z cv‡ib|



hviv AvcvZ „wó‡Z †Kv‡bv K‡ó †bB e‡j g‡b nq, Zv‡ì cÖwZ KiæYvfve M‡o Zzj‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ †h, mKj Abvh©iv GB Rb¥P‡µ †Nvivi mgq †h-mKj Lvivc KvR K‡i‡Q, †m¸‡jvi dj †fvM Ki‡Z eva¨, Avi ZvB GKmgq bv GKmgq Pvwi Acv‡q Zv‡ì Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡eB| AwaKš‘, cÖ‡Z¨KwU Rxe KiæYvi cvÎ, †Kbbv Zviv †Zv Avi e„× nIqv, Amy ’Zv Ges g„Zzï Kó †_‡K gy³ bq|

Gfv‡e wPšÍv K‡i ˆgÎx-fvebvi g‡Zv GLv‡bI Avcbv‡K KiæYv we Ívi Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Ri cÖwZ, hv‡K Avcwb m¤§vb K‡ib A_ev wcÖq, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, Ges hv‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib, mevB‡K G‡K G‡K Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ, hZ¶Y bv Avcbvi I Ab¨‡ì gv‡S mxgvUv †f‡O †dj‡Z cv‡ib|

Gici Avcbvi KiæYv-fvebv Kiv DwPZ ˆgÎx-fvebvq †`Lv‡bv wbq‡g, GKk ewÎkwU Dcv‡q, †h¸‡jv n‡”Q : cuvPwU Awbw ©ó †kÖwY, mvZwU wbw ©ó †kÖwY, Ges GKkZ wekwU w`Kwb‡ ©kK †kÖwY [5+7+ (10×12=) 120 = 132]|

gyw`Zv-fvebv AcÖ‡gq gyw`Zv ev Lywki fvebv Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g mgRvZxq wj‡½i GK e¨w³‡K Avcbvi †e‡Q †bIqv DwPZ †h myLx, hv‡K †`L‡jB Avcwb myLx nb Ges hv‡K Avcwb Lye cQ›` K‡ib I eÜyfvevcbœ|

Gici mv`v K…r‡mœi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiæb| hLb Av‡jv D¾¡j I cwi®‹vi n‡e, †mB Av‡jv w`‡q D³ e¨w³‡K †`Lyb Ges ˆgÎx-a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiæb| G †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmyb, Ges KiæYv a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiæb| G †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m †mB myLx e¨w³wUi cÖwZ Lywki fvebv Kiæb GB wPšÍv K‡i : ÔGB fv‡jv †jvKwU Zvi mg„w× †_‡K wew”Qbœ bv †nvKÕ, ( A q s mà yw i ‡ m v q _ vj × m ¤úw Ë‡ Zv gv w eM” Q Zz| ) G‡Kev‡i Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ|

Gici Lywki fve M‡o Zzjyb hv‡K Avcwb m¤§vb K‡ib ev †h Avcbvi wcÖq, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n Ges hv‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib Zv‡ì wb‡q| Avevi wb‡Ri cÖwZ Lywki fve we Ívi Kiæb, Gici Avcwb m¤§vb K‡ib ev wcÖq Ggb e¨w³, Avcwb wb¯ú„n _v‡Kb Ggb e¨w³ Ges N„Yv K‡ib Ggb



e¨w³i cÖwZ Lywki fve we Ívi Kiæb Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ, hZ¶Y bv Avcbvi I Zv‡ì gv‡S mxgv fvO‡Z cv‡ib| Ae‡k‡l GB Amxg gnvwe‡k¦i mKj Rx‡ei cÖwZ Lywki fve we Ívi Kiæb GKkZ ewÎkwU Dcv‡q| D‡c¶v-fvebv AcÖ‡gq D‡c¶v-fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi cÖ_‡g mv`v K…r‡mœi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv DwPZ| Gici mgwj‡½i †Kv‡bv e¨w³, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, Zv‡K wb‡q ˆgÎx, KiæYv, Ges gyw`Zv-fvebv Kiv DwPZ Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ| Gici Z…Zxq a¨vb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m †mB wZbwU AcÖ‡gq-fvebvi Amyweav¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ : cÖ_gUv n‡”Q †mœn-fv‡jvevmvi Lye KvQvKvwQ, wØZxqUv cQ›` Ges AcQ‡›ì KvQvKvwQ, Avi Z…ZxqUv Djøvm I Avb‡›ì KvQvKvwQ| Gici fveyb, D‡c¶vi PZz_© a¨vb A‡bK kvšÍ| Gici †h e¨w³i cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n Zvi cÖwZ D‡c¶v-fve M‡o †Zvjv DwPZ GB wPšÍv K‡i : ÔGB fv‡jv †jvKwU Zvi wbR K‡g©i DËivwaKvix|Õ ( A q s mà yw i ‡ m v K¤§m &m‡ Kv)

ˆgÎx, KiæYv I gyw`Zvi Z…Zxq a¨v‡bi mvnv‡h¨ GLb D‡c¶vi PZz_© a¨vb †c‡Z Lye †ewk¶Y jvMvi K_v bq| Gici D‡c¶v-fvebv Kiæb Avcbvi m¤§vwbZ A_ev wcÖq †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K wb‡q, †h e¨w³i cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n, Avi hv‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib| Gici Avevi wb‡R‡K wb‡q D‡c¶v-fvebv Kiæb, Avevi †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hv‡K Avcwb m¤§vb K‡ib A_ev †h Avcbvi cQ‡›ì, hvi cÖwZ Avcwb wb¯ú„n Ges hv‡K Avcwb N„Yv K‡ib, G‡Kev‡i Z…Zxq a¨vb ch©šÍ, hZ¶Y bv Avcbvi wb‡Ri g‡a¨ mxgvUv †f‡O †dj‡Z cv‡ib| Ae‡k‡l GB Amxg gnvwe‡k¦i mKj RxeM‡Yi cÖwZ D‡c¶v fve M‡o Zzjyb GKk ewÎkwU Dcv‡q| G‡Z K‡i PviwU AcÖ‡gq fvebv m¤ú~Y© n‡jv|

PvwiwU Avi¶v fvebv ˆgÎx, ey×¸Y, weiƒcZv ev Aïf Ges g„Zz¨—GB PviwU wel‡qi fvebv‡K ejv nq PvwiwU Avi¶v fvebv| Gi KviY n‡”Q, G¸‡jv GKRb fvebvKvix‡K wewfbœ wec` †_‡K i¶v K‡i| G Kvi‡YB, we`k©b fvebvq



hvIqvi Av‡M G¸‡jv †kLv Lye Kv‡Ri| Avwg BwZg‡a¨B e‡jwQ Kxfv‡e ˆgÎx-fvebv Ki‡Z nq, ZvB GLb Avwg eje Kxfv‡e evwK wZbwU Avi¶v fvebv Ki‡Z nq| ïiæ KiwQ ey×¸Y-fvebv w`‡q|

GB fvebvi welqe ‘ M‡o †Zvjv hvq ey‡×i bqwU ¸Y¸‡jv wb‡q Kiv GKwU K_vi gva¨‡g, hv my‡Ë cÖvqB †`Lv hvq :

ÔB w Zw c †m v fM ev A i n s m ¤§vm ¤y‡ ×v w e¾ vPi Y - m ¤ú‡ b œv m yM‡ Z v †j vKw e ~ A b yË‡ i v c yw i m`¤§m vi w _ mÌv †ègb y¯m vb s ey‡ ×v fM ev w Z|Õ

GUv‡K Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq : wZwb ab¨, whwb mKj KjylZv‡K aŸsm K‡i‡Qb Ges GKRb cÖksmv‡hvM¨ e¨w³ ( A i n s), whwb wb‡R wb‡RB cig Ávb jvf K‡i‡Qb ( m ¤§vm ¤y‡ ×v), whwb Áv‡b Ges ˆbwZK AvPi‡Y wbLyuZ ( w e¾ vPi Y m ¤ú‡ b œv), whwb DcKvix Ges mZ¨, Ggb K_vB e‡jb

( m yM‡ Zv), whwb wek¦eªþvÐ m¤‡Ü Rv‡bb ( †j vKw e ~), †hme e¨w³ †cvl gvbvi †hvM¨, Zv‡ì †cvl gvbv‡bv‡Z wZwb AZzjbxq ( A byË‡ i v

c yw i m`¤§m vi w _ ), †èZv I gvbe‡ì wk¶K ( mÌv †ègb y¯ m vb s), wZwb GKRb Av‡jvwKZ e¨w³ ( ey‡ ×v), wZwb Zvi Av‡Mi mrKg© ‡jvi d‡ji me‡P‡q †mŠfvMëvb AwaKvix ( fMev)|

Avwg GLv‡b e¨vL¨v Kie, fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q Kxfv‡e ey‡×i cÖ_g ¸YUv ÔA i n sÕ eënvi Ki‡Z nq| w eï w ×gvM©g‡Z, cvwj ÔA i n sÕ k‡ãi cuvPwU msÁv Av‡Q :

†h‡nZz wZwb m¤ú~Y©fv‡e, wbt‡k‡l, mKj KjylZv I Af¨vmMZ †SuvK¸‡jv‡K ~ixf‚Z K‡i‡Qb, Avi †h-Kvi‡Y †m¸‡jv †_‡K wb‡R‡K ~‡i mwi‡q †dj‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb, ZvB ey× GKRb cÖkswmZ e¨w³ :

A i n s| †h‡nZz wZwb mKj KjylZv‡K An©Ë¡gv‡M©i Zievwi w`‡q †K‡U wQbœ

K‡i †d‡j‡Qb, ZvB ey× GKRb cÖkswmZ e¨w³ : A i n s| †h‡nZz wZwb cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi P‡µi AÁvbZv I Z…òv †_‡K

ïiæ K‡i mKj kjvKv¸‡jv †f‡O †d‡j‡Qb, aŸsm K‡i‡Qb, ZvB ey× GKRb cÖkswmZ e¨w³ : A i n s|

†h‡nZz wZwb mshg, a¨vb I cÖÁvq AZzjbxq, ZvB eªþviv, †èZviv Ges †jv‡Kiv mevB ey×‡K m‡e©v”P kÖ×v K‡ib| ZvB ey× GKRb cÖkswmZ e¨w³ : A i n s|

†h‡nZz wZwb wbR©‡b ev †KD bv †`L‡jI †Kv‡bv cvc KvR K‡ib bv



ˆ`wnKfv‡e, K_vq ev g‡b g‡b, ZvB ey× GKRb cÖkswmZ e¨w³ : A i n s| GB fvebv Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi GB cuvPwU msÁv‡K Ggbfv‡e gyL¯’

Kiv DwPZ †hb MoMo K‡i Ave„wË Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gici mv`v K…r‡mœi A_ev k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiæb|

hLb Av‡jv D¾¡j I cwi®‹vi n‡q DV‡e, ZLb GB Av‡jvq GKUv ey‡×i g~wZ©‡K Kíbv Kiæb †hUv‡K Avcwb g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib, cQ›` K‡ib Ges m¤§vb K‡ib| hLb GwU cwi®‹vi n‡e, GwU‡K mwZ¨Kv‡ii ey× wn‡m‡e †`Lyb Ges G‡Z Ggb aviYv K‡iB g‡bv‡hvM w`b|

hw` Avcwb AZx‡Z †Kv‡bv ey‡×i mv‡_ †`Lv cvIqvi g‡Zv †mŠfvMëvb nb, Zvn‡j Zvi cÖwZg~wZ© Avwef©‚Z n‡Z cv‡i| hw` Ggb nq, Zvn‡j Avcbvi ïay ey‡×i cÖwZg~wZ©Uv bq, Zvi ¸Y¸‡jvi cÖwZI g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ| hw` Avmj ey‡×i cÖwZg~wZ© bv Av‡m, Zvn‡j Avcbvi Kíbv Kiv †mB g~wZ©Uv‡KB Avmj ey× e‡j †`Lyb Ges Zvi ¸Y¸‡jv fveyb| Avcwb A i n s-Gi †h msÁvUv‡K cQ›` nq †mwU‡K †e‡Q wbb, Zvi A_©‡K fvebvi welqe ‘ K‡i evi evi fveyb : ÔA i n s, A i n sÕ|

hLb Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM evo‡e Ges kw³kvjx n‡q DV‡e, ey‡×i g~wZ©Uv DavI n‡q hv‡e| Avcwb ïay †mB †e‡Q †bIqv ¸YUv‡Z g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLyb| †mB ¸YUv‡Z g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv Avwef©‚Z nq, hwÌ GB welqUv wb‡q fvebv K‡i Avcwb †Kej DcPvi-a¨vb ( Dc Pvi - Svb ) †c‡Z cv‡ib| Avcwb Ab¨vb¨ ¸Y¸‡jv wb‡qI fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cuvPwU `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

weiƒcZv fvebv (Amyf) g„Z‡`‡ni cÖwZ weiƒcZv fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi mv`v K…rmœ A_ev k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebvq PZz_© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv DwPZ| hLb Av‡jv D¾¡j I ¯úó n‡e, GwU‡K w`‡q wb‡Ri wj‡½i †Kv‡bv e¨w³i me‡P‡q exfrm †Kv‡bv g„Z‡`n‡K Kíbv Kiæb, †hwU Avcwb Av‡M †`‡L‡Qb| Av‡jvUv‡K eënvi K‡i Av‡M ev Í‡e †hfv‡e †`‡L‡Qb, GL‡bv wVK †mfv‡e †`Lyb| hLb GwU cwi®‹vi n‡e, GwU‡K h_vm¤¢e wekÖx I N„Y¨ K‡i Zzjyb| G‡Z g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q g‡b g‡b ejyb : ÔwekÖx, wekÖxÕ ( c w UK‚j , c w UK‚j )|



g„Z‡`nwUi exfrmZvi welqwU‡Z g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv D`MÖn-wbwgË (cÖv_wgK Qwe) cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë cwiYZ bv nq (QwewUi cÖwZ”Qwe)|

D`MÖn-wbwgË n‡”Q g„Z‡`nwUi Qwe, Avcwb AZx‡Z GwU‡K †hgbUv †`‡L‡Qb, N„Y¨, fqsKi I AvZ¼RbK iƒ‡c| wKš‘ cÖwZfvM-wbwgË †`L‡Z eo eo nvZ-cvIqvjv GKwU gvby‡li g‡Zv †h fi‡cU †L‡q ï‡q Av‡Q|

GB wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv cÖ_g a¨vb jvf K‡ib| Gevi cuvPwU `¶Zv AvqZ¡ Kiæb|

g„Zz¨-fvebv (giYvby¯§„wZ) gn vm w Zc UVvb m yË Ges w em yw ×g¹ A UVK_ v g‡Z, Avcwb ¯§iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ggb Av‡M †`Lv g„Z‡`n wb‡qI g„Zz¨-fvebv Kiv hvq| AZGe, Avcbv‡K cÖ_‡g g„Z‡`‡ni weiƒcZv fvebvi cÖ_g a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i, †mB evwn¨K g„Z‡`n‡K welqe ‘ K‡i fveyb : ÔAvgvi GB †`nI gi‡Yi ¯fvem¤úbœ| cÖK…Zc‡¶ GwUI wVK GB g„Z‡`‡ni g‡Zv n‡q hv‡e| GwU Ggb nIqvUv Gov‡Z cvi‡e bv|Õ wb‡Ri giYkxjZvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM I ¯§„wZ †i‡L Avcwb †`L‡eb †h GK ai‡bi ms‡eM Drcbœ n‡”Q| Ggb Áv‡b Lye m¤¢eZ Avcwb wb‡Ri †`n‡KI GKwU weiƒc g„Z‡`n wn‡m‡e †`L‡eb| wb‡Ri †`‡ni †mB QweUv cÖvYnxb Dcjwä K‡i Avcbvi Gevi wb‡Pi wPšÍv¸‡jv Kiv DwPZ :

1. Avgvi giY wbwðZ, Rxeb AwbZ¨ ( gi Y s †g a ye s, R xw eZs † g A a yes), 2. Avwg wbwðZ gviv hve ( gi Y s †g fw e¯ m w Z), 3. Avgvi Rxeb g„Zzï ga¨ w`‡q †kl n‡e ( gi Y c w i ‡ q vmvb s †g

R xw eZs), 4. giY, giY ( gi Y s, gi Y s)| †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv K_v‡K †e‡Q wbb Ges †h‡Kv‡bv fvlv‡Z g‡b g‡b

ejyb| wb‡Ri g„Z‡`‡ni g‡a¨ cÖv‡Yi Abycw ’wZi QweUvi Dci g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv Drcbœ nq, hwÌ GB fvebvi welqe ‘ Øviv Avcwb †Kej DcPvi a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|



mvigg© ˆgÎx, ey×¸Yvby¯§iY, weiƒcZv Ges g„Zz¨—GB PviwU wel‡qi fvebv‡K ejv nq Pvwi Avi¶v fvebv| KviY, G¸‡jv fvebvKvix‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi wec` †_‡K wbivc` iv‡L|

A½yËi wbKv‡qi †gwNqmy‡Ë ejv n‡q‡Q : Ô†hŠb Kvgbvi cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ weiƒcZv Z_v Aïf fvebv Kiv DwPZ;

†µva cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ ˆgÎx-fvebv Kiv DwPZ; AevšÍi wPšÍv¸‡jv‡K †S‡o †djvi Rb¨ k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebv (Avbvcvb¯§„wZ fvebv) Kiv DwPZ|Õ

GB myË g‡Z, †hŠbevmbv ~i Kivi Rb¨ †kÖô A ¿ n‡”Q weiƒcZv fvebv| hw` Avcwb GKwU g„Z‡`n fvebvi welq wn‡m‡e †bb, GwU‡K exfrmiƒ‡c †`‡Lb, GwU‡K ejv nq ÔcÖvYnxb †`‡ni weiƒcZvÕ

( A w eTTvb K- A m yf)| RxweZ †`‡ni ewÎkwU Ask‡K weiƒc wn‡m‡e †`Lv, †hgbUv ejv n‡q‡Q A½yËi wbKv‡qi wMwigvb›` my‡Ë, GUv‡K ejv nq ÔRxweZ †`‡ni weiƒcZvÕ ( m w eTTvb K- A m yf)| GB Dfq iƒ‡ci weiƒcZv-fvebv Z_v Aïf-fvebv n‡”Q †hŠb AvKv•ÿv ~i Kivi A ¿|

†µva ~i Kivi †kÖô A ¿ n‡”Q ˆgÎx-fvebv M‡o †Zvjv| Avi AevšÍi wPšÍv-fvebv¸‡jv ~i Kivi me‡P‡q Kvh©Kix A ¿ n‡”Q k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebv Z_v Avbvcvb¯§„wZ fvebv|

Zv QvovI, hLb a¨vb Ges kÖ×v (wek¦vm) ye©j n‡q c‡o, gbUv wbim nq, ZLb d‡g© (¯iƒ‡c) †divi †kÖô A ¿ n‡”Q ey×¸Y-fvebv (ey×vby¯§„wZ fvebv)| hLb Riæwi fveUv (D`¨gx fveUv) ye©j n‡q c‡o, Avi a¨vb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avcwb wei³, ZLb ûuk wdwi‡q Avbvi me‡P‡q fv‡jv A¯¿ n‡”Q g„Zz¨-fvebv| AvR Avwg e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ Kxfv‡e Pvwi eªþwenvi fvebv Ges Pvwi Avi¶v fvebv Ki‡Z nq| c‡ii †`kbvq Avwg e¨vL¨v Kie, Kxfv‡e we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Z nq, hv ïiæ Kie Pvi avZz-fvebv w`‡q Ges wewfbœ cÖKvi iƒ‡ci we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g|

GB †`kbvUv †kl Kivi Av‡M Avwg kg_ Ges we`k©b fvebvi g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK©Uv‡K GKUz e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z PvB|

mshy³ wbKv‡qi LÜ-e‡M©i mgvwa my‡Ë ey× e‡j‡Qb, Ôwf¶zMY, †Zvgv‡ì fvebv Kiv DwPZ| wf¶zMY, †h wf¶z GKvMÖwPË, †m ag© ‡jv‡K



†hUv †hgb Zv‡K wVK †mfv‡eB Rv‡b| †m Kx Rv‡b? iƒ‡ci DrcwË Ges wejxb n‡q hvIqv‡K †m Rv‡b; †e`bv, msÁv, ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi DrcwË I Zv‡ì wejxb n‡q hvIqv‡K Rv‡b; weÁv‡bi DrcwË I Zvi wejxb n‡q hvIqv‡K Rv‡b|Õ

AZGe, †h wf¶z GKvMÖwPË, †m cÂ¯‹Ü I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K Rv‡b, Zv‡ì DrcwË I wejxb n‡q hvIqv‡K Rv‡b| †m cwi®‹vifv‡e †`‡L †h KviY¸‡jvi DrcwËi Kvi‡YB cÂ¯‹‡Üi Avwef©ve nq, Avi Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jvi m¤ú~Y© †_‡g hvIqvi Kvi‡Y cÂ¯‹‡Üi Avwef©veI †_‡g hvq|

cÖ_g yw`b Ges AvR‡K Avwg †h kg‡_i Av‡jvPbv Kijvg Zv kw³kvjx a¨vb Drcbœ K‡i| a¨v‡bi †mB Av‡jvB Avcbv‡K we`k©‡bi Rb¨ cigv_© bvgiƒc‡K †`Lv‡e| Ggb Mfxi, cÖej I kw³kvjx g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Avcwb bvg I iƒ‡ci AwbZ¨, ytLgq I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e †`L‡Z cv‡eb| Ggb cwi®‹vifv‡e †`L‡Z cvivUv GKwU `viæY myweav, hv Av‡m kg_ †_‡K|

kg_ Avcbv‡K wekÖv‡gi GKwU RvqMv K‡i †`q| we`k©‡b A‡bK wKQz eyS‡Z nq, Avi G‡Z K¬vwšÍ P‡j Avm‡Z cv‡i| ZLb Avcwb †mB kg_ a¨vb¸‡jvi †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv‡Z A‡bK¶Y a‡i _vK‡Z cv‡ib| G‡Z Avcbvi gb wekÖvg cvq Avi m‡ZR n‡q I‡V, Gici Avcwb Avevi we`k©‡b wd‡i †h‡Z cv‡ib| hLbB K¬vwšÍ Avm‡e Avcwb Avevi wekÖv‡gi Rb¨ kg_ a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Avwg hLb cieZ©x †`kbv¸‡jv‡Z we`k©b e¨vL¨v Kie, ZLb Avcbvi kg‡_i GB myweav¸‡jv ¯§iY Kiv DwPZ|

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 3 cÖkœ 3.1 : k¦vmc Ök¦v‡ mi fv eb vq c w i Kg©- w b w gË, D`MÖn - w b w gË Ge s c Öw ZfvM- w b w gË A v‡ Q| GL v‡ b c w i Kg©- w b w gË Kx? cw i Kg©- w b wgË w K me mgq a ymi ? c w i Kg©- w b w gË I D`MÖn - w b w g‡ Ëi g‡ a ¨ c v_©K¨ Kx? DËi 3.1 : k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi fvebvq wZb ai‡bi wbwgË, wZb ai‡bi a¨vb

Ges wZb ai‡bi fvebv nq| wZb ai‡bi wbwgË n‡”Q : cwiKg©-wbwgË, D`MÖn-wbwgË Ges cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| wZb ai‡bi a¨vb n‡”Q cÖ ‘wZ a¨vb



(cwiKg©-mgvwa) hv‡K gv‡S gv‡S ejv nq ¶wYK a¨vb (LwYK-mgvwa), DcPvi a¨vb (DcPvi-mgvwa), Ges Ac©Yv a¨vb (Ac©Yv-mgvwa)| wZb ai‡bi fvebv n‡”Q cwiKg© fvebv, DcPvi fvebv Ges Ac©Yv fvebv|

cwiKg© a¨v‡bi welqe ‘ cwiKg©-wbwgË n‡Z cv‡i, D`MÖn-wbwgË n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi gv‡Sg‡a¨ cÖwZfvM-wbwgËI n‡Z cv‡i| cwiKg© fvebv Avi cwiKg© a¨vb GKB|

mwZ¨Kv‡ii DcPvi a¨vb Ges mwZ¨Kv‡ii DcPvi fvebv n‡”Q Ac©Yv a¨v‡bi Lye KvQvKvwQ, G Kvi‡YB GUv‡K ejv nq ÔDcPvi ev mwbœK‡UÕ| wKš‘ Ac©Yv-a¨v‡bi Av‡M gv‡S gv‡S cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K wfwË K‡i †h Mfxi I kw³kvjx a¨vb nq, †mUv‡K iƒcKxq A‡_© ÔDcPvi a¨vbÕ ev ÔDcPvi fvebvÕ ejv nq| hLb cwiKg© a¨vb ev ¶wY‡Ki a¨vb cy‡ivcywi M‡o I‡V, GwU ZLb DcPvi a¨v‡bi w`‡K avweZ K‡i| Avevi hLb DcPvi a¨vb cy‡ivcywi M‡o I‡V, GwU Ac©Yv a¨v‡bi w`‡K avweZ K‡i|

Avgiv BwZg‡a¨B Av‡Mi †`kbv¸‡jv‡Z wbwg‡Ëi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| wZb ai‡bi wbwgË Av‡Q : cwiKg©-wbwgË, D`MÖn-wbwgË Ges cÖwZfvM-wbwgË|

(1) cwiKg©-wbwgË : ¯vfvweK k¦vmcÖk¦vm GKwU wbwgË| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi ¯úk©we› yI GKwU wbwgË| GLv‡b wbwgË n‡”Q fvebvi welqe ‘| A_©K_v D‡jøL K‡i †h, bv‡Ki WMv-wbwgË (bvwmKv-wbwgË) Ges Dc‡ii †VuvU wbwgË (gyL-wbwgË) n‡”Q bexb‡ì Rb¨ cwiKg©-wbwgË| hLb g‡bv‡hvM GKUz kw³kvjx nq, bv‡Ki Av‡kcv‡k mvaviYZ GKwU aymi †auvqvi g‡Zv †`Lv hvq| GB aymi †auvqvUv‡KI cwiKg©-wbwgË ejv nq| a¨vbUv‡K ejv nq cwiKg© a¨vb, Avi fvebvUv‡KI ejv nq cwiKg© fvebv| GB avc ch©šÍ mKj fvebv Ges mKj a¨vb n‡”Q cwiKg© a¨vb| GB av‡c wbwgË †Kej aymi †auvqv bq, Ab¨vb¨ i‡OiI n‡Z cv‡i|

(2) D`MÖn-wbwgË : hLb Av‡Mi g‡bv‡hvM mej I kw³kvjx nq, aymi †auvqv mvaviYZ mv`vq cwiYZ nq, mv`v Zz‡jvi g‡Zv| wKš‘ GwU †h‡Kv‡bv i‡Oi n‡Z cv‡i, hv mvaviYZ Dcjwäi wfbœZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| hLb Dcjwä e`‡j hvq, wbwg‡Ëi is Ges AvKviI e`jv‡Z cv‡i| hw` is Ges AvKvi Lye †ewk e`jvq, Zvn‡j g‡bv‡hvM wb‡P bvg‡Z _v‡K| KviY, fvebvKvixi Dcjwä e`jv‡”Q| hLbB GwU e`jv‡”Q, Zvi welqe¯‘I e`‡j hv‡”Q Avi †m wfbœ GKwU welqe ‘ cv‡”Q



a¨v‡bi Rb¨| ZvB wbwg‡Ëi is Ges AvKvi‡K fvebvKvixi AMÖvn¨ Kiv DwPZ| Zvi ïay Avbvcvb-wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ|

D`MÖn-wbwgË wb‡q a¨vb‡KI cwiKg© a¨vb ejv nq, Avi fvebv‡K ejv nq cwiKg© fvebv|

(3) cÖwZfvM-wbwgË : hLb g‡bv‡hvM AviI my „p Ges AviI kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V, ZLb D`MÖn-wbwgË cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë e`‡j hvq| mvaviY cÖwZfvM-wbwgË nq cwi®‹vi, D¾¡j I `xwßgvb, mKv‡ji ïKZvivi g‡Zv| G‡¶‡ÎI Dcjwä e`jv‡j wbwgË e`jv‡Z cv‡i| hLb g‡bv‡hvM cÖej I kw³kvjx nq, ZLb fvebvKvix hw` Pvb wbwgË `xN© †nvK, GwU `xN© n‡e; †QvU n‡Z PvB‡j †QvU n‡e; hw` iæwei g‡Zv jvj Pvb, †Zv GwU iæwei g‡Zv jvj n‡q hv‡e| Gi KviY n‡”Q fvebvKvixi Dcjwä e`jv‡”Q| w eï w ×gvM©g‡Z, Ggb Kiv DwPZ bq| KviY, Zvn‡j g‡bv‡hvM Mfxi n‡jI Zv Av‡ Í Av‡ Í Kg‡Z _vK‡e| KviY, wfbœ wfbœ Dcjwä n‡e, ZvB wfbœwfbœ welqe ‘ Avm‡e| GRb¨B fvebvKvixi Zvi wbwgË wb‡q †Ljv Kiv DwPZ bq| hw` wZwb †Ljv K‡ib †Zv a¨vb cv‡eb bv|

cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi ïiæi avcUv‡KI cwiKg© a¨vb ejv nq| fvebvUv‡KI ejv nq cwiKg© fvebv| wKš‘ a¨v‡bi G‡Kev‡i KvQvKvwQ n‡j G‡ì ZLb ejv nq DcPvi a¨vb Ges DcPvi fvebv| hLb Mfxi GKvMÖZv Av‡m, ZLb wbwgË ZL‡bv cÖwZfvM-wbwgË, wKš‘ a¨vb GLb Ac©Yv a¨vb Ges fvebv ZLb Ac©Yv fvebv| cÖkœ 3.2 : Dc Pvi a ¨vb I A c ©Y v a ¨v‡ b i g‡ a ¨ c v_ ©K¨ Kx? DËi 3.2 : hLb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË Avwef©‚Z nq, g‡bv‡hvM ZLb

kw³kvjx| wKš‘ GB ch©v‡q, hv n‡”Q DcPvi a¨v‡bi avc, ZLb a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv cwic~Y©fv‡e MwVZ nq bv, fev½ g‡bi Ae ’v (Rxe‡bi PvwjKvkw³g~jK †PZbv) ZL‡bv N‡U; fvebvKvix fev‡½i g‡a¨ c‡o hvq| fvebvKvix e‡j †h, mewKQz †_‡g †M‡Q A_ev †m fve‡Z cv‡i GwUB wbe©vY| Avi e‡j, ÔAvwg †Zv Av‡M wKQzB RvbZvg bv|Õ hw` †m Gfv‡e PP©v Ki‡Z _v‡K, Zvn‡j †m AviI `xN© mgq a‡i fev‡½ _vK‡Z cv‡i|

†h‡Kv‡bv PP©vq, †mwU fv‡jv †nvK ev g›` †nvK, †KD hw` evi evi †Póv K‡i, †m GKmgq Zvi D‡Ï‡k¨ mdj n‡e| ÔPP©vq mvdj¨ Av‡m|Õ



G‡¶‡ÎI hw` †m evi evi GKBfv‡e †Póv K‡i, Zvn‡j fev‡½ `xN© mgq a‡i _vK‡Z cv‡i| †m †Kb e‡j †h, †m wKQzB Rv‡b bv? KviY, fev‡½i welqe ‘ n‡”Q Gi Av‡Mi R‡b¥i g„Zzï KvQvKvwQ mgq| †mB welqe ‘wU Kg©I n‡Z cv‡i, Kg©wbwgËI n‡Z cv‡i, A_ev MwZwbwgËI n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ fvebvKvix †mUv‡K †`L‡Z cvq bv| KviY, †m GL‡bv cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| hw` Zviv GKevi cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K Dcjwä K‡i, ZLb Zviv †`‡L †h fev½ G¸‡jvi †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv‡K welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e wb‡q‡Q|

hw` fvebvKvix g‡b K‡i †h GwU wbe©vY, Zvn‡j aviYvwU wbe©v‡Yi c‡_ wekvj GKwU cv_‡ii g‡Zv cÖwZeÜK n‡q uvovq| hw` †m GB wekvj Ôcv_iÕwU bv mivq, Zvn‡j †m wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Ggb aviYv nq †Kb? A‡bK fvebvKvix fv‡e †h GKRb wkl¨ ( m veK) ey‡×i wk¶v †`qv bvgiƒc‡K Rvb‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Zviv fv‡e bv †h, ey‡×i †kLv‡bv bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡j h‡_ó Mfxi g‡bv‡hvM M‡o †Zvjv ìKvi| ZvB Zv‡ì a¨vb ye©j nq, fev½ g‡bi Ae ’vI nq, KviY a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv ZLb Lye ye©j nq| Zviv `xN©¶Y a‡i g‡bv‡hvM ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| hw` †KD B”QvK…Zfv‡e fev‡½ c‡o hvIqvUv PP©v K‡i, †m Zvi j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv‡e, wKš‘ GwU wbe©vY bq| wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì Aek¨B mß weïw×i avç‡jv †c‡iv‡Z n‡e G‡K G‡K| cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv bv †R‡b †KD wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

ZvB, hLb Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË Avwef©‚Z nq, fvebvKvixi gb fev‡½ co‡Z cv‡i, KviY a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv ZL‡bv kw³kvjx nq wb| GwU wVK GKwU †QvU wkïi g‡Zv †h GZ ye©j †h GL‡bv wb‡R wb‡R uvov‡Z cv‡i bv, †m evi evi c‡o hvq| GKBfv‡e DcPvi a¨v‡bi av‡c a¨v‡bi A½¸‡jv cwic~Y©fv‡e MwVZ nq bv, Avi †KD †KD fev‡½ c‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, GwU wKš‘ wbe©vY bq|

fev‡½ covUv Gov‡bvi Rb¨, Avi a¨vb‡K AviI my „p Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi ìKvi cÂ-Bw› ª‡qi mnvqZv : kÖ×v ( m×v), exh© ( exw i q ), ¯§„wZ

( m w Z), mgvwa Z_v g‡bv‡hvM ( mgvw a ), Ges cÖÁv ( c TTv)| G¸‡jv Avcbvi gb‡K †V‡j mvg‡b wb‡q hvq Ges cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi Dc‡i GKvMÖ K‡i iv‡L| gb‡K cÖwZfvM-wbwgË Rvbvi Kv‡R evi evi cÖ‡Póvi ìKvi nq, ¯§„wZi ìKvi nq GwU‡K fz‡j bv hvIqvi Rb¨, Ges Rvbvi



Rb¨ ìKvi nq cÖÁvi| Ac©Yv-a¨v‡bi av‡c, a¨vb A½¸‡jv cy‡ivcywi myMwVZ| GKRb mej I

kw³kvjx †jvK †hgb mvivw`b uvwo‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i, wVK †mfv‡e GKRb fvebvKvixI cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K welqe ‘ K‡i Ac©Yv a¨v‡b gMœ _vK‡Z cv‡i `xN©¶Y a‡i, fev‡½ bv c‡o|

cy‡ivcywi Ges Awew”Qbœ wbweóZv _vK‡Z cv‡i GK, yB, wZb NÈv ev AviI †ewk mgq a‡i| †mB mgq †m GKwU kãI †kv‡b bv| Zvi gb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv welqe ‘i w`‡K hvq bv| cÖwZfvM-wbwgË ev‡` †m Avi wKQzB Rv‡b bv ZLb| cÖkœ 3.3 : †Kvb †Kvb A e ’vq , A _ ev †Kvb a v‡ c A vgi v eySe †h Gw U

Dc Pvi a ¨v‡ b i A _ ev A c©Y v a ¨v‡ b i ? DËi 3.3 : hw` A‡bKevi fev½ Ae ’v nq a¨v‡bi mgq, Zvn‡j ejv

hvq †h GwU DcPvi a¨vb| wKš‘ wbwgË Aek¨B cÖwZfvM-wbwgË n‡Z n‡e| hw` †KD `xN© mgq a‡i c~Y© wbweóZvq _vK‡Z cv‡i, †Kv‡bviƒc e¨vNvZ QvovB, welqe ‘I cÖwZfvM-wbwgË, ZLbB †Kej ejv hvq †h GwU Ac©Yv a¨vb, Ac©Yv fvebv|

fvebvKvix Kxfv‡e Rv‡b †h Zvi gb fev‡½ c‡o hv‡”Q? hLb †m †Lqvj K‡i †h cÖvqB †m cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi cÖwZ Ag‡bv‡hvMx n‡q co‡Q, †m ZLb Rv‡b †h fev½ Ae ’v NU‡Q| Zvi gb Aek¨ GKUz ¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi e`‡j Ab¨ welqe ‘I fve‡Z cv‡i| GgbUv wKš‘ Ac©Yv a¨v‡b N‡U bv| Ac©Yv a¨v‡b †Kv‡bv e¨vNvZ Qvov c~Y© wbweóZvq _vKv hvq| cÖkœ 3.4 : Pvi w U a ¨v‡ b i cÖ‡ Z¨Kw U‡ ZB w K Dc Pvi a ¨vb Ges A c ©Y v

a ¨vb A v‡ Q? †m¸‡ j vi êw kó ¨¸‡ j v Kx Kx? DËi 3.4 : Avbvcvb a¨vb¸‡jvi K_v aiv hvK Zvn‡j| GB

a¨vb¸‡jvi welqe ‘ n‡”Q cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Í‡i cÖ_‡g Av‡Q DcPvi a¨vb, Gi c‡i Ac©Yv a¨vb| DfqB wKš‘ cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K Zv‡ì welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e †bq| ZvB G‡Z ïaygvÎ a¨v‡bi ÍiUvB wfbœ|

cÖ_g, wØZxq Ges Z…Zxq DcPvi a¨v‡b cuvPwU a¨vb A½ Av‡Q| wKš‘ PZz_© DcPvi a¨v‡b †mLv‡b myL ( m yL ) †bB, †Kej Av‡Q weZK© ( w eZ°), wePvi ( w ePvi ), D‡c¶v ( D‡ c K L v) Ges GKvMÖZv ( G K¹ Zv)| hwÌ Zviv GKB wbwgË‡K welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e †bq, cÖ‡Z¨KwU DcPvi a¨v‡b Zviv AviI



kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V| a¨vbv½¸‡jv cÖ_g DcPvi a¨v‡b ˆ`wnK †e`bv‡K ( Kvw q K - yKL -

†e`b v) †P‡c iv‡L, wØZxqUv‡Z gvbwmK Kó‡K ( †`vgb ¯m- †e `b v) †P‡c iv‡L, Z…ZxqwU‡Z ˆ`wnK my‡Li Abyf‚wZ‡K ( Kvw q K- m yL - †e `b v), Ges PZz_©wU‡Z gvbwmK Avb›` ev myL‡K ( †m vgb ¯m- †e`b v) †P‡c iv‡L| GB av‡c k¦vmcÖk¦vm me‡P‡q m~², cÖvq †_‡g hvIqvi g‡Zv| PZz_© Ac©Yv a¨v‡b k¦vmcÖk¦vm m¤ú~Y© †_‡g hvq|

Avgiv Ac©Yv a¨vb¸‡jv‡K a¨vbv½¸‡jv †`‡LI fvM Ki‡Z cvwi| cÖ_g Ac©Yv a¨v‡b cuvPwU a¨vbv½ _v‡K : weZK©, wePvi, cÖxwZ, myL Ges GKvMÖZv| wØZxqUv‡Z _v‡K wZbwU : cÖxwZ, myL Ges GKvMÖZv| Z…ZxqUv‡Z ywU : myL Ges GKvMÖZv| PZz_©wU‡ZI ywU : D‡c¶v Ges GKvMÖZv| a¨vbv½¸‡jv †`‡L Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, ÔGwU cÖ_g Ac©Yv a¨vbÕ Ges ÔGwU wØZxq Ac©Yv a¨vbÕ BZ¨vw`| GLv‡bI g‡bv‡hvM †e‡o hvq av‡c av‡c| PZz_© a¨v‡b g‡bv‡hvM _v‡K m‡e©v”P| Kxfv‡e m‡e©v”P nq? Avcwb wb‡RB †`Lyb bv| A‡bK fvebvKvix Z_¨ †`b †h PZz_© a¨vb n‡”Q †kÖô Ges me‡P‡q kvšÍ| cÖkœ 3.5 : †Kvb †Kvb A e¯ ’vq GKR b fveb vKvi x A c ©Y v a ¨v b †_ ‡ K

Dc Pvi a ¨v‡ b c ‡ o hvq ? †Kvb †Kvb A e ’vq GKR b f veb vKvi x Dc Pv i a ¨vb †_ ‡ K A c©Y v a ¨vb j vf Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? DËi 3.5 : hw` fvebvKvix Zvi a¨vb‡K m¤§vb bv K‡i, cÖwZfvM-

wbwgË‡K m¤§vb bv K‡i Ab¨vb¨ welq wb‡q †g‡Z _v‡K, ZLb A‡bK bxeiY ( b xei Y ) Drcbœ n‡e| †hŠb AvKv•ÿv Ges N„Yvi wPšÍv Drcbœ n‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q AbwfÁ Z_v Ah_vh_ g‡bv‡hvM ( A ‡ q vwb ‡ m v gb w mKvi )| GB welq¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM‡K Kwg‡q †`q, KviY ïf Ges Aïf ¸Y¸‡jv me mgq wecixZ| hLb ïf ¸Y¸‡jv mej I kw³kvjx, ZLb Aïf ¸Y¸‡jv A‡bK ~‡i _v‡K| Avi hLb AbwfÁ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Aïf ¸Y¸‡jv cÖej I kw³kvjx nq, ZLb ïf ¸Y¸‡jv A‡bK ~‡i _v‡K| ïf I Aïf ag© ‡jv GK wPË¶‡Y A_ev wPšÍvi cÖwµqvq GKB mv‡_ Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv|

GLv‡b Avwg GKUz e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z PvB weP¶Y Z_v h_vh_ g‡bv‡hvM ( †q vw b ‡ m v- gb w mKvi ) Ges AweP¶Y Z_v Ah_vh_ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ( A ‡ q vw b‡ m v- gb w mKvi ) e¨vcv‡i| hLb fvebvKvix k¦vmcÖk¦vm fvebv



Abykxjb K‡ib, Ges ¯vfvweK k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM ’vcb K‡ib, †mwU n‡”Q weP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM| hLb D`MÖn-wbwgË A_ev cÖwZfvM-wbwgË Avwef©‚Z nq, Ges fvebvKvix Zvi g‡bv‡hvM †`b wbwg‡Ë, ZL‡bv GwU weP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM| hw` wZwb we`k©b fvebvq †`‡Lb : ÔGwU iƒcÕ, ÔGwU bvgÕ, ÔGwU KviYÕ, ÔGwU Zvi djÕ, ÔGwU AwbZ¨Õ, ÔGwU ytLÕ, A_ev ÔGwU AbvZ¥Õ, Zvi g‡bv‡hvMI ZLb weP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM| wKš‘ hw` wZwb †`‡Lb : ÔGwU cyiæl, bvix, cyÎ, Kb¨v, evev, gv, †èZv, eªþv, cï BZ¨vw`Õ; ÔGwU †mvbv, UvKv, BZ¨vw`Õ Zvn‡j Zvi g‡bv‡hvM n‡”Q AweP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM| †mvRv K_vq, Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, weP¶Y g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y A‡bK ïf ¸Y Drcbœ nq, Ges AweP¶Y g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y A‡bK Aïf ¸Y Drcbœ nq| hw` Avcbvi fvebv PP©vi mgq AweP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM Av‡m, Zvn‡j Zvi wc‡Q wc‡Q wbwðZ Avm‡e bxeiY Ges †K¬k¸‡jv| †m¸‡jv Aïfag©| GB Aïf ag© ‡jv g‡bv‡hvM‡K Kwg‡q †`q, A_ev Av‡Mi Ae ’vq wb‡q hvq Ges †k‡l c_ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wePz¨Z K‡i †`q|

hw` Avcwb fvebvi welqe ‘‡Z weP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM †`b, evi evi, Zvn‡j ïf ag© ‡jv Drcbœ nq Ges e„w× cvq| D`vniY¯iƒc, a¨v‡bi ïf ag© ‡jv n‡”Q GB ïf ag© ‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| ZvB, Avcwb hw` wbwg‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM †`b, †hgb Avbvcv‡bi cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë, evi evi, Zvn‡j GwU ïf g‡bv‡hvM| hw` Avcwb c~Y© kw³‡Z ïf g‡bv‡hvM e„w× K‡ib, Zvn‡jB Avcwb DcPvi a¨vb †_‡K Ac©Yv a¨vb jvf Ki‡eb| cÖkœ 3.6 : hL b GKR b gvbyl g‡ i hvq , ZL b A Zx‡ Zi ï f ev A ï f

K‡ g©i Kvi ‡ Y GKw U Kg©w b w gË A vm‡ Z c v‡ i | a ¨v‡ b I gv‡ Sg‡a ¨ Ggb n q , hL b A Zx‡ Zi N Ub v¸‡ j v, †h¸‡ j v fveb vKvi x fz‡ j B †M‡ Q, †m¸‡ j v P‡ j A v‡ m| y‡ Uv N Ub v w K G KB ? DËi 3.6 : wKQzUv wgj _vK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Zv †Kej we‡kl we‡kl

†¶‡Î| AZx‡Z hvi g„Zz¨ Lye ªæZ N‡U‡Q, Zvi Kg©wbwgË DrcwËi mv‡_ Gi wKQzUv wgj _vK‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ 3.7 : a ¨v‡ b i mgq w Îk e Q‡ i i I A v‡ Mi N Ub vi Q w e †f‡ m I‡ V,

hv fveb vKvi x fz‡ j B w M‡ q w Qj | Gw U w K ¯ §„w Zi A fv‡ e n q , h v i d ‡ j gb w el q e ‘ †_ ‡ K ~‡ i m‡ i hvq ? DËi 3.7 : n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e GwU g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ( gb w mKvi ) Kvi‡YI



n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK fvebvKvixB g‡bv‡hv‡Mi wel‡q Rv‡b bv| bv‡gi Dci fvebv Ki‡j Z‡eB Zviv GwU eyS‡Z cv‡i| wPšÍv-cÖwµqv Lye ªæZ N‡U, ZvB Zviv ey‡S bv †h GB Qwe¸‡jv Avm‡j g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡YB n‡”Q| ey‡×i Awfag©g‡Z, †Kv‡bv ag©B KviY Qvov, wb‡R wb‡R DrcwË nq bv| KviY mg Í m„wóB kZ©vaxb| cÖkœ 3.8 : g„Zzï mg‡ q hw ` †Kv‡ b v e¨w ³ i kw ³ kvj x ¯§„w Z _ v‡ K,

ZL b †m w K A Zx‡ Zi Kzkj ev A Kzkj K‡ g©i Kg©w b w gË Drc w Ë n Iq v †_ ‡ K †i va Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? DËi 3.8 : cÖej, kw³kvjx ¯§„wZ Ggb wbwg‡Ëi DrcwË‡K †iva

Ki‡Z cv‡i; Z‡e K_v n‡”Q, cÖej I kw³kvjx ¯§„wZ Kx? hw` fvebvKvix a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges m¤ú~Y© a¨v‡b wbgMœ _v‡K g„Zzï mgq ch©šÍ, ZLb Avcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib †h †mB a¨vb cÖej I kw³kvjx| †mB ai‡bi ¯§„wZ AKzkj-wbwgË A_ev Kvg-myMwZ f‚wgi Kzkj-wbwgË DrcwË nIqv †_‡K †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU †Kej a¨v‡bi welqe ‘‡K MÖnY K‡i, †hgb D`vniY¯iƒc Avbvcvb ev mv`v K…r‡mœi cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K|

Av‡iK ai‡bi cÖej I kw³kvjx ¯§„wZ n‡”Q we`k©b-Ávbmswkøó ¯§„wZ| hw` fvebvKvixi we`k©b-Ávb nq ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb, ZLb Zvi ¯§„wZ nq cÖej I kw³kvjx Avi fvebvKvixi wbwgË ZLb nq Kzkj-wbwgË| Ggb ¯§„wZ AKzkj-wbwgË¸‡jv Avwef©‚Z nIqv †_‡K †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mB mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ Kzkj-wbwgË¸‡jv‡KI we`k©b-wbwg‡Ëi ’v‡b RvqMv K‡i †bIqv‡K †ivaK‡i| we`k©b-wbwgË n‡”Q †Kv‡bv †e‡Q †bIqv ms¯‹v‡ii AwbZ¨, ytLgq I AbvZ¥ ¯fve| †m GB we`k©b Ávb‡K giYvmbœ-RebwP‡Ëi welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e wb‡q gviv †h‡Z cv‡i| GUv †è-cÖwZmwÜi Rb¥ †`q, d‡j †m Zr¶Yvr †èZv wn‡m‡e Rb¥ †bq|

G ai‡bi fvebvKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ K‡iB A½yËi wbKv‡qi PZz®‹ wbcv‡Zi †mvZbyMZ my‡Ë ey× e‡j‡Qb :

Ô†m v gyUV¯m w Z Kvj s Kzi æ gv‡ b v A TTZi s †` ew b Kvq s Dc c ¾ w Z| Z¯m Z Ì m yw L b a ¤§c `v c øew š Í| `‡ Üv w f KL ‡ e m Zzà v‡ `v, A _ †m v m‡ Ë v w L à s‡ q e w e‡ mmMvgx †n vw Z|Õ

Ôwf¶zMY, hw` †Kv‡bv mvaviY †jvK g„ZzëiY K‡i, †m †Kv‡bv GKUv †è‡jv‡K Rb¥ †bq, †hLv‡b mg Í ms¯‹vi¸‡jv Zvi g‡b †f‡m I‡V| Zvi nq‡Zv ag©‡K wb‡q fve‡Z ev we`k©b Ki‡Z †ìx nq, wKš‘ †m wbe©vY jvf



K‡i Lye ªæZ|Õ †Kb ms¯‹vi¸‡jv Zvi g‡b cwi®‹vifv‡e †f‡m I‡V? KviY AZx‡Zi g„Zz¨Kvjxb †PZbv I Zvi cieZ©x †èR‡b¥i fev½, y‡UvB GKB welqe ‘ MÖnY K‡i, G‡¶‡Î †mB welqe ‘ n‡”Q ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytLgq I AbvZ¥ ¯fve| ZvB M„nKZ©v A_©vr fev½ BwZg‡a¨B we`k©b welqe ‘‡K †R‡b †d‡j‡Q| GB myËg‡Z, we`k©b-ÁvbmgwšZ kw³kvjx ¯§„wZ Aïf wPý¸‡jvi Avwef©ve‡K †iva K‡i, mv‡_ mv‡_ ïf wPý¸‡jv‡KI we`k©b wP‡ýi RvqMv `Lj Ki‡Z †`q bv| ZvB Avcbvi g„Zz¨ nIqvi Av‡M G ai‡bi ¯§„wZ RvMv‡bvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ|

Gi GKUv D`vniY n‡”Q m°c Tn m yË, †hLv‡b wZbRb wf¶z m¤‡Ü ejv n‡q‡Q hviv kg_ I we`k©b PP©v K‡iwQj| Zv‡ì AvPvi eënvi wQj gvwR©Z Ges Zv‡ì a¨vbI wQj fv‡jv, wKš‘ Zv‡ì gb Szu‡K wQj bvix MÜe© Rxe‡bi cÖwZ| GB MÜe©iv n‡”Q ¯‡M©i wkíx I bZ©Kxi `j| hLb Zviv g‡i †Mj, Zviv MÜe© wn‡m‡e Rb¥ wbj| Zviv Lye my›ì I †PvL auvav‡bv MÜe© †g‡q wn‡m‡e Rb¥MÖnY Kij, hv‡ì †`L‡Z †lvokx Kb¨v e‡j g‡b n‡Zv| Zv‡ì wf¶zRxe‡bi mg‡q GK gwnjv wQj| GB wZbRb wf¶z Zvi evwo‡Z cÖwZw`b wcÛPvi‡Y †hZ, Avi Zv‡K ag© wk¶v w`Z| gwnjvwU †mªvZvcbœ n‡qwQj Ges g„Zzï c‡i †èivR k‡µi cyÎ †MvcK wn‡m‡e Rb¥ wbj| wZbRb MÜe© †g‡q k‡µi cy‡Îi Rb¨ bvPj, MvBj| †MvcK †`Lj †h Zviv LyeB my›ìx GesZv‡ì †PvL Sjmv‡bv iƒc| †m fve‡jv : 'Zviv LyeB my›ìx Ges †PvL auvav‡bv iƒ‡ci AwaKvix| †Kvb K‡g©i d‡j Ggb n‡q‡Q Zviv?' †m †`Lj †h MZR‡b¥ †m hLb gwnjv wQj, Zviv wQj wZbRb wf¶z| †m RvbZ Zv‡ì mshg, a¨vb I cÖÁv LyeB D”P Í‡ii| ZvB †m Zv‡ì c~e©R‡b¥i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`j| †m ejj, ÔhLb †Zvgiv ey‡×i wk¶v¸‡jv ï‡bwQ‡j Avi ag© PP©v K‡iwQ‡j, ZLb †Zvgv‡ì †PvL †Kv_vq wQj, Avi Kvb¸‡jv †Kvb w`‡K wQj?Õ

yRb MÜe© Zv‡ì AZxZ R‡b¥i K_v ¯§iY Kij Ges jw¾Z n‡jv| Zviv kg_ Ges we`k©b Avi¤¢ Kij, kxNªB AbvMvgxgvM©dj jvf Kij Ges †mLv‡bB gviv †Mj| †mLvb †_‡K Zviv my×vevm eªþ‡jv‡K Rb¥ wbj, Avi †mLv‡bB An©Ë¡ jvf Kij| Z…Zxq wf¶zwU j¾v †cj bv, †m MÜe©B †_‡K †Mj|

ZvB, Rxeb exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †Kv‡bv ìKvi †bB| G ai‡bi ¯§„wZB †kÖô exgv|



cÖkœ 3.9 : Pvi a vZz- fveb v P P©v Ki ‡ Z w M‡ q Ges ev‡ i vw U j ¶Y ‡ K eyS‡ Z w M‡ q ï i æ †_‡ KB w K µgvš ‡ q hvIq vi ì Kvi A v‡ Q; †hg b : Kvw Vb ¨, KK© kZv, fvi x Z¡ GB µ‡ g? b vw K †h‡ Kv‡ b v GKw U j ¶ Y †e‡ Q w b ‡ q fveb v ï i æ Ki v hvq ? DËi 3.9 : cÖ_‡g †h j¶YwU eyS‡Z mywe‡a nq, †mwU w`‡qB Avgiv

ïiæ Ki‡Z cvwi| wKš‘ hLb Avgiv mg Í j¶Y¸‡jv‡K mn‡R I cwi®‹vi K‡i eyS‡Z cvie, ZLb Avgv‡ì Aek¨B ey‡×i †`qv µg AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e : gvwU-¯fve ( c Vexa vZz), cvwb-¯fve ( A v‡ c va vZz), AwMœ-¯fve ( † Z‡ R va vZz), Ges evqy-¯fve ( ev‡ q va vZz)| KviY, GB µgwU cÖej I kw³kvjx g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Rb¥ †`q| hLb Avgiv Kjvç‡jv †`wL, Avi †m¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z mn‡R GB PviwU avZz‡K mbv³ Ki‡Z cvwi, ZLb µgUv GZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq| hv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv n‡”Q Zv‡ì GKmv‡_ wPb‡Z cviv|

†Kb? Kjvç‡jvi Avqy®‹vj Lye Aí| Zv‡ì Avqy GK †m‡K‡Ûi kZ‡KvwU fv‡Mi GK fv‡MiI Kg mgq n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB GKwU Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ PviwU avZz‡K †`L‡Z wM‡q †mLv‡b ÔgvwU, cvwb, Av¸b, evqyÕ Gfv‡e Ave„wËi mgq cvIqv hvq bv| ZvB Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Zv‡ì hyMcr †`L‡Z n‡e, Avevi µgvš‡qI| cÖkœ 3.10 : Pvi a vZz- fveb vi gva ¨‡ g GKR b e ¨w ³ Zvi ki x‡ i Pvi w U

a vZzi fvi m vg¨ A vb ‡ Z c v‡ i | gv‡ Sg‡ a ¨ †`‡ n i Pvi Dc v `vb f vi m vg¨n xb n ‡ j †KD †KD A m y ’ n q | hL b †Kv‡ b v GKR b A m y ’, †m w K Zvi A m y ’Zv ~i Ki vi R b ¨ kw ³ kvj x ¯§„w Z w b ‡ q Pvi a vZz- fveb v PP©v Ki ‡ Z c vi ‡ e? DËi 3.10 : A‡bK ai‡bi Amy ’Zv Av‡Q| wKQz wKQz AmyL Av‡Q hv

AZxZ K‡g©i Kvi‡Y nq, †hgb ey‡×i wc‡Vi e¨_v| wKQz wKQz AmyL n‡”Q avZzi fvimvg¨nxbZvi Kvi‡Y| AZxZ K‡g©i Kvi‡Y Drcbœ AmyL Pvi avZzi fvimvg¨ K‡iI Av‡ivM¨ nq bv| wKš‘ wKQz wKQz AmyL, †h¸‡jv avZzi fvimvg¨nxbZvi Kvi‡Y nq, †m¸‡jv P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i hLb fvebvKvix Pvi avZzi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ Av‡bb|

AviI AmyL Av‡Q †h¸‡jv Lv`¨, ZvcgvÎv ev FZz ( DZz) A_ev g‡bi ( w PË) Kvi‡Y nq| hw` gvbwmK Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv AmyL nq, Zvn‡j gbUv‡K fv‡jv Ki‡Z cvi‡j AmyLI fv‡jv n‡Z cv‡i| hw` ZvcgvÎv ev †ZRavZzi Kvi‡Y AmyL †`Lv †`q, †hgb K¨vÝvi, g¨v‡jwiqv BZ¨vw`;



†m¸‡jv †Kej Ilya †me‡bi Øviv fv‡jv nq| Abychy³ Lvev‡ii gva¨‡g m„ó Amy‡Li †ejvqI †mB GKB K_v| cÖkœ 3.11 : PZz_ © a ¨vb j vf Ges A Ávb Zv ( A w e¾ v) wb g©‚‡ j i A v‡ M,

L vi vc A f¨v‡ mi Kvi ‡ Y A ‡ bK A ï f w Pš Ívi D`q n q | D `vn i Y ¯i ƒ c , A vgv‡ ì ˆ`b w › `b R xe‡ b A vg i v R vw b †h gv‡ S gv‡ SB A v gv‡ ì g‡ b †j vf I N „Y vi D`q n q | †m¸‡ j v ~i Ki vi R b ¨ w K A vgi v w ei ƒ c Zv-fveb v ( A m yf) , A _ ev ˆgÎ x- fv eb v eën vi Ki e? b vw K †m¸‡ j v‡ K A MÖvn ¨ K‡ i A vgv‡ ì fv eb vi w el q e ‘‡ Z g‡ b v‡ hvM †è , G es Zv‡ ì A vc b vA vc wb P‡ j †h‡ Z †è? DËi 3.11 : Lvivc K‡g©i myß KviY n‡”Q AÁvbZv| Avi KvQvKvwQ

KviY n‡”Q AweP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM| AweP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| hw` Avcwb AweP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM‡K weP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q cv‡ë w`‡Z cv‡ib, †jvf I N„Yv wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ m‡i hv‡e, A_ev weP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM hw` Lye cÖej I kw³kvjx nq, †m¸‡jv GgbwK wPiZ‡iI P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv BwZg‡a¨ weP¶Y I AweP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM wb‡q Av‡Mi cÖ‡kœ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ|

Avcwb weiƒcZv-fvebv A_ev ˆgÎx-fvebv eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib †m¸‡jv ~i Kivi Rb¨| GB fvebv¸‡jvI weP¶Y g‡bv‡hvM| we`k©b n‡”Q KjylZv¸‡jv ~i Kivi Rb¨ †kÖô A ¿| we`k©b †kÖô weP¶Y g‡bv‡hvMI e‡U| cÖkœ 3.12 : fev½ Kxfv‡ e Kv g‡ j vK ev B w › ªq MÖvn ¨ R M‡ Z, i ƒ c ‡ j vK

ev m ~²- e ‘i R M‡ Z, A i ƒ c ‡ j vK ev e ‘n xb R M‡ Z G es †j v‡ KvËi R M‡ Z KvR K‡ i ? †mq v` w K `q v K‡ i D`vn i Y w `‡ q GKUz e¨vL ¨v Ki ‡ eb ? DËi 3.12 : cÖ_g wZbwU RM‡Z fev‡½i KvR GKB| A_©vr GwU

DrcwË nq, hv‡Z GKwU Rxe‡bi wPË¶Y¸‡jv bv _v‡g| KviY GB Rxe‡bi KviY †h Kg©, †mB Kg© GL‡bv wbt‡kl nqwb| fev‡½i welqe¯‘ †Kv‡bv GKwU Kg©I n‡Z cv‡i, Kg©wbwgË n‡Z cv‡i A_ev MwZwbwgËI n‡Z cv‡i| iƒc‡jvK Ges Aiƒc‡jv‡Ki †¶‡Î fev‡½i welqe ‘iƒ‡c mvaviYZ †Kej Kg© A_ev Kg©wbwgË¸‡jv _v‡K, †Kv‡bv MwZ-wbwgË _v‡K bv| D`vniY¯iƒc, GKR‡bi fev‡½i welqe ‘ hw` nq K¨vwqKw_I wenvi, Ab¨w`‡K Av‡iKR‡bi fev‡½i welqe ‘ n‡Z cv‡i †kv‡qWvMb wenvi| hLb Avgiv Ô†jv‡KvËi RMrÕ ewj, GLv‡b ÔRMrÕ kãUv †Kej iƒcK gvÎ| cÖK…Zc‡¶ GUv †Kv‡bv RvqMvB bq| Ô†jv‡KvËi RMrÕ ej‡Z



Avgiv eywS †Kej PviwU gvM©, PviwU dj, Ges wbe©vY‡K, †Kv‡bv RvqMv‡K bq|

PviwU gvM© I PviwU djwPË¸‡jv fev½wPË bq| wbe©v‡Y †Kv‡bv bvgiƒc †bB weavq †mLv‡bI †Kv‡bv fev½ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| iƒcvePi-wecvK-a¨v‡b fev‡½i welqe ‘ n‡”Q Avbvcvb a¨v‡bi g‡ZvB Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| weÁvb-AbšÍ-AvqZ‡bi AiƒcvePi-wecvK-a¨v‡bi fev‡½i welqe ‘ n‡”Q AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨vbwPË| GwU Kg©| Gi †Kv‡bv MwZwbwgË †bB| cÖkœ 3.13 : †j Š w KK I †j v‡ Kv Ëi a ¨vb ¸‡ j vi g‡ a ¨ c v_©K¨ Kx ? DËi 3.13 : †jŠwKK a¨vb n‡”Q PviwU iƒcvePi-a¨vb Ges PviwU

AiƒcvePi a¨vb, A_©vr Aó mgvcwË| †jv‡KvËi a¨vb¸‡jv n‡”Q gvM©dj Áv‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó a¨v‡bi A½| hLb Avcwb ms¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K, D`vniY¯iƒc, †jŠwKK iƒcvePi cÖ_g a¨vb‡K AwbZ¨, ytLgq I AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e Dcjwä Ki‡eb, Ges ZLb hw` Avcwb wbe©vY‡K †`‡Lb, Avcbvi gvM©Ávb ZLb cÖ_g a¨vb| GwU GKwU †jv‡KvËi a¨vb|

†Kb? mvaviY iƒcvePi cÖ_g a¨v‡b, we`k©‡bi welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e cuvPwU a¨vbv½ wQj : weZK©, wePvi, cÖxwZ, myL I GKvMÖZv| †jv‡KvËi a¨v‡bI †mB GKB cuvPwU a¨vbv½| GLv‡b cv_©K¨ †Kej gvM© I d‡ji| †mB gvM© I dj n‡”Q cÖ_g a¨v‡bi gvM© Ges cÖ_g a¨v‡bi dj| Ab¨vb¨ a¨vb¸‡jvI GKBfv‡e gvM© I d‡ji welqe ‘ n‡Z cv‡i| �

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Kxfv‡e iƒc‡K †`L‡eb AvR Avwg e¨vL¨v Kie Kxfv‡e we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Z nq| ïiæ Kie Pvwi avZz fvebv I wewfbœ cÖKvi iƒ‡ci we‡kølY w`‡q| we`k©b fvebvi y‡Uv c_ Av‡Q| cÖ_g c_wU n‡”Q †Kv‡bv GKwU kg_ fvebvq, †hgb- Avbvcvb¯§„wZ‡Z PZz_© a¨vb jvf K‡i, Gici we`k©‡b bvgv| Av‡iKUv n‡”Q Pvi avZz fvebvq DcPvi a¨vb jvf K‡i we`k©b ïiæ Kiv| Dfq c‡_B wKš‘ fvebvKvix‡K we`k©‡bi Av‡M Pvi avZz fvebv Ki‡Z nq| Avwg gvqvbgv‡i Avgvi fvebv †K› ª ‡jv‡Z y‡Uv c×wZ‡ZB fvebv †kLvB|

Pvi avZz fvebv cvwj MÖš’ ‡jv‡Z yfv‡e PviavZz fvebv Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q : ms‡¶‡c Ges we ÍvwiZfv‡e| msw¶ßUv n‡”Q hv‡ì Zx¶è cÖÁv Av‡Q Zv‡ì Rb¨, Avi we ÍvwiZUv n‡”Q hv‡ì msw¶ß Dcv‡q eyS‡Z mgm¨v, Zv‡ì Rb¨| ey× gnvmwZcUVvb my‡Î e‡j‡Qb :

Òwf¶z Zvi GB kixi‡K †`‡L, †h Ae ’vq GUv‡K ivLv †nvK bv †Kb, †mUv‡Z we`¨gvb avZzcyÄ‡K †`‡L Gfv‡e : ÔGB kix‡i Av‡Q c„w_exavZz, AvcavZz, †ZRavZz Ges evqyavZz|ÕÓ



weïw×gv‡M© †mUv AviI we Í…Z e¨vL¨v Kiv Av‡Q : ÔcÖ_gZ, Zx¶è cÖÁvevb e¨w³, †h GB fvebv Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvi †Kv‡bv

wbR©b ’v‡b hvIqv DwPZ| Gici Zvi GB m¤ú~Y© †`‡ni cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ Ges ms‡¶‡c Gfv‡e avZz¸‡jv‡K wP‡b †bIqv DwPZ, ÔGB †`‡ni hv wKQz KwVb ev KK©k, †m¸‡jv c„w_ex avZz| hv wKQz cÖengvb ev Rwo‡q Av‡Q, †m¸‡jv AvcavZz| hv wKQz cvK‡Q ev DËß, †m¸‡jv †ZRavZz| hv wKQz †Vj‡Q ev a‡i ivL‡Q, †m¸‡jv evqyavZz|Õ Zvi GUv‡Z c~Y© g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ, evi evi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv DwPZ GB e‡j, Ôc„w_exavZz, AvcavZz, †ZRavZz, evqyavZz|Õ A_©vr Zvi GB †`n‡K †`Lv DwPZ mvgvb¨ avZzmgwó wn‡m‡e, AvZ¥vnxb wn‡m‡e, †Kv‡bv mË¡ wn‡m‡e bq| Gfv‡e cÖ‡Póv Ki‡j AwP‡iB a¨vb Drcbœ n‡e, hv cÖÁv Øviv AviI cwicyó nq, †Kbbv cÖÁv Zvi Áv‡bi Av‡jvq avZz¸‡jvi †kÖwYweb¨vm‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i| GB a¨vb ïay DcPvi a¨vb ch©šÍ| Ac©Yv a¨vb ch©šÍ GwU †cuŠQvq bv|

Ab¨fv‡e, ’wei mvwicyÎ KZ©…K †`‡ni PviwU As‡ki K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Pvwi gnvavZz‡Z †Kv‡bv mË¡ †bB GUv †`Lv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Gfv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔhLb †Kv‡bv k~b¨ ’vb nvo, mœvqy, gvsm I Pvgov Øviv Ave× nq, ZLb †mwU‡K iƒc ejv nq|Õ Avi G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K Áv‡bi gva¨‡g Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv DwPZ, Avi Dch©y³ wbq‡g G‡ì Rvbv DwPZ : ÔGB †`‡n hv wKQz KwVb...| Õ

cv-AK fvebv †K‡› ª †hfv‡e †kLv‡bv nq, †mfv‡e mviv †`‡ni PviwU avZzi ev‡ivwU ¯fve‡K †R‡b wbb : c„w_exavZz : KvwVb¨, KK©kZv, fvixZ¡, †KvgjZv, gm„YZv, jNyZ¡| AvcavZz : cÖevn, msmw³| †ZRavZz : Zvc, ˆkZ¨| evqyavZz : aviKZ¡, Pvc| GB fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbv‡K Aek¨B GB ev‡ivwU ¯fv‡ei

cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K Kx K‡i †`L‡Z nq Zv wkL‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ bexb wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖ_‡g †mB ¯fve¸‡jv‡K †kLv‡bv nq †h¸‡jv †`Lv mnR| KwVb¸‡jv c‡i †kLv‡bv nq| †m¸‡jv mvaviYZ wb‡Pi µgvbymv‡i nq : Pvc, KvwVb¨, KK©kZv, fvixZ¡, aviKZ¡, jNyZ¡, Zvc, ˆkZ¨, cÖevn, msmw³| cÖ‡Z¨K ¯fve‡K cÖ_‡g Aek¨B †`‡ni †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv As‡k



wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Gici mviv †`n Ry‡o wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e| 1. Pvc‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡j, cÖ_‡g ¯ú‡k©i gva¨‡g m‡PZb †nvb|

Avcwb hLb k¦vm †bb I wbtk¦vm †d‡jb, †mB mg‡q gv_vi †K‡› ª ¯ú‡k©i Abyf‚wZ‡K, Pv‡ci Abyf‚wZ‡K †Lqvj Kiæb| hLb Avcwb GUv Abyfe Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, Gi Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`b hZ¶Y bv GwU Avcbvi g‡b cwi®‹vi n‡q aiv †`q| Gi c‡i gv_v †_‡K g‡bv‡hvM wb‡q hvb †`‡ni Ab¨ †Kv‡bv As‡k, hv gv_vi KvQvKvwQ| †mLv‡bI Pv‡ci Abyf‚wZ‡K †Lqvj Kiæb| Gfv‡e Avcwb Pvc‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb cÖ_‡g gv_vq, Gic‡i Nv‡o, a‡o, nv‡Z, cv‡q I cv‡qi cvZvq| Gfv‡e evi evi PP©v Kiæb, A‡bKevi PP©v Kiæb, hZ¶Y bv †`‡ni †hLv‡bB Avcwb g‡bv‡hvM †`b bv †Kb, mn‡RB Pvc‡K †`L‡Z cvb|

hw` gv_vi †K› ª ’‡j k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi Pvc‡K Dcjwä Kiv mnR bv nq, Zvn‡j hLb eyK dzj‡e, ZLb PvcUv‡K Abyfe Kivi †Póv Kiæb| A_ev k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi mg‡q †c‡Ui evov-Kgv‡K Abyfe Kivi †Póv Kiæb| hw` †mUvI cwi®‹vi Abyfe Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib, Zvn‡j bvwoi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kivi †Póv Kiæb, A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Dcv‡q mn‡R Abyfe Kiv hvq Ggb Pvc‡K Rvbvi †Póv Kiæb| †hLv‡bB bovPov Av‡Q, †mLv‡bB Pvc Av‡Q| Avcwb †hLvb †_‡KB ïiæ K‡ib bv †Kb, Aek¨B ax‡i ax‡i Avcbv‡K GUv ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z K‡i mviv †`‡ni gv_v †_‡K cv ch©šÍ meLv‡b Pvc‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKQz wKQz RvqMvq GwU mn‡RB eySv hv‡e| Ab¨vb¨ RvqMv¸‡jv‡Z PvcUv _vK‡e m~²fv‡e, wKš‘ GwU mviv †`n Ry‡o we`¨gvb _vK‡eB|

2. hLb Avcwb Pvc‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, ZLb KvwVb¨‡K LyuR‡Z _vKzb| ïiæ Kiæb uv‡Zi KvwVb¨‡K Abyfe Kivi ga¨ w`‡q| k³ K‡i Kvgo w`b ycvwU uv‡Zi g‡a¨| Abyfe Kiæb Zviv †Kgb KwVb I k³| hLb Avcwb GwU Abyfe Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, Gevi mviv †`‡ni gv_v †_‡K cv ch©šÍ Ggb KvwVb¨ Lyu‡R cvIqvi †Póv Kiæb, †hfv‡e Pvc‡K Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb, wVK †mB GKB c×wZ‡Z| Z‡e B‡”QK…Zfv‡e †`n‡K k³ Kivi †Póv Ki‡eb bv|

mviv †`n Ry‡o KvwVb¨‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z m¶g n‡j Gevi Avevi Pvc‡K LyuRyb mviv †`‡n| GKevi Pvc, GKevi KvwVb¨, Gfv‡e cvjvµ‡g PP©v Kiæb evi evi| gv_v †_‡K cv ch©šÍ Pvc‡K Dcjwä Kiæb, Gici



Dcjwä Kiæb KvwVb¨‡K| A‡bKevi Ggbfv‡e PP©v Kiæb hZ¶Y bv Avcwb wb‡Ri Dci mš‘ó nb †h Gevi Avcwb cvi‡eb|

3. Gevi †`Lyb KK©kZv‡K| Avcbvi wRnŸv‡K uv‡Zi Dci Nlyb, A_ev nvZ w`‡q Pvgovi Dc‡i Nlyb Ges KK©kZv‡K Dcjwä Kiæb| Gevi Av‡Mi g‡ZvB µgvš‡q mviv †`‡n KK©kZv‡K Lyu‡R wbb| hw` KK©kZv‡K Abyfe Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib, Zvn‡j Avevi Pvc I KvwVb¨‡K Abyfe Kivi †Póv Kiæb| Gevi nq‡Zv Zv‡ì mv‡_ KK©kZv‡KI Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †mUv n‡j Gevi Pvc, KvwVb¨ Ges KK©kZv‡K Avevi GKwU GKwU K‡i Dcjwä Kivi †Póv Kiæb evi evi, cvjvµ‡g, mviv †`n Ry‡o, hZ¶Y bv Avcwb mš‘ó nb|

4. Gevi fvixZ¡‡K LyuRyb| Avcbvi †Kv‡j GK nvZ‡K Av‡iK nv‡Zi Dci ivLyb| Dc‡ii nv‡Zi IRb‡K (fvixZ¡‡K) Abyfe Kivi †Póv Kiæb| Zv bv n‡j mvg‡b Szu‡K gv_vi fvixZ¡‡K Abyfe Kivi †Póv Kiæb| Av‡Mi wbq‡gB mviv †`‡n fvixZ¡‡K Lyu‡R wbb| Gevi cvjvµ‡g PviwU ¯fve : Pvc, KvwVb¨, KK©kZv Ges fvixZ¡‡K mviv †`‡n Dcjwä Kiæb hZ¶Y bv mš‘ó nb|

5. Gevi aviKZ¡‡K LyuRyb| Avcbvi wcV‡K wkw_j K‡i w`b, G‡Z K‡i Avcbvi kixi mvg‡b SzuK‡e| Gevi GUv‡K †mvRv Kiæb, Ges wcVUv‡K Lvov ivLyb| †h kw³ Avcbvi kixi‡K Lvov iv‡L †mUvB n‡”Q aviKZ¡| Gfv‡e Av‡Mi wbq‡gB mviv †`‡n aviKZ¡‡K Lyu‡R wbb| hw` GwU cwi®‹vi Dcjwä bv nq, GwU‡K KvwV‡bï mv‡_ Lyu‡R †bqvi †Póv Kiæb, ZLb GwU‡K Lyu‡R †bIqv mnR n‡e| Gevi aviKZ¡‡K mn‡R Lyu‡R †c‡j Av‡Mi g‡ZvB mviv †`‡n Pvc, KvwVb¨, KK©kZv, fvixZ¡ I aviKZ¡‡K Dcjwä Kiæb|

6. Dch©y³ cuvPwU ¯fve‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡j Gevi Avcbvi wRnŸv‡K †Vuv‡Ui †fZ‡ii w`‡K †P‡c aiæb, †Vuv‡Ui †KvgjZv‡K Abyfe Kiæb| Gevi Avcbvi †`n‡K wkw_j K‡i w`b Ges Av‡Mi wbq‡gB mviv †`n Ry‡o †KvgjZv‡K Lyu‡R wbb| Gevi GKwU GKwU K‡i Pvc, KvwVb¨, KK©kZv, fvixZ¡, aviKZ¡ I †KvgjZv‡K mviv †`‡n Dcjwä Kiæb|

7. Gevi Avcbvi †VuvU¸‡jv‡K GKUz wfwR‡q wbb Ges wRnŸv‡K †Vuv‡Ui GKcvk †_‡K Av‡iK cv‡k nvjKv K‡i wb‡q hvb Ges †Vuv‡Ui gm„YZv‡K Dcjwä Kiæb| Gfv‡e mviv †`‡n †KvgjZv Dcjwäi PP©v



Kiæb| Gici GB mvZwU ¯fve‡K G‡K G‡K Dcjwä Kiæb mviv †`‡n| 8. Gic‡i GKwU AvOzj Dc‡i wb‡P bvwP‡q †`Lyb Ges Gi jNyZ¡‡K

(nvjKv fve) Dcjwä Kiæb| Gfv‡e PP©v Kiæb hZ¶Y bv mviv †`‡n jNyZ¡‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gevi AvUwU ¯fve‡K mviv †`‡n Lyu‡R wbb|

9. Gevi mviv †`‡n Zvc (DòZv) Lyu‡R wbb| GwU Lyu‡R †bIqv mvaviYZ Lye †mvRv|

10. Gevi k¦vm †bIqvi mgq GwU hLb bv‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i, ZLb k¦v‡mi kxZjZv‡K Abyfe Kiæb| Gevi mviv †`‡n GwU‡K Lyu‡R wbb| Gfv‡e Avcwb GLb `kwU ¯fve‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ªóe¨ : Dc‡ii `kwU ¯fve‡K mivmwi ¯ú‡k©i gva¨‡g Abyfe Kiv hvq, wKš‘ me©‡kl ywU ¯fve, cÖevn Ges msmw³—G¸‡jv‡K `kwU ¯fve †_‡K Abygvb Kiv nq| G Kvi‡YB G¸‡jv‡K me‡k‡l †kLv‡bv nq|

11. msmw³‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡j †Lqvj Kiæb Kxfv‡e Pvgov, gvsm I mœvqy w`‡q GB †`n GKmv‡_ Ry‡o Av‡Q| †ejy‡bi g‡a¨ ivLv cvwbi g‡ZvB Pvgovi g‡a¨ i³¸‡jv Qwo‡q Av‡Q| msmw³ Qvov GB †`n UzK‡iv UzK‡iv n‡q Qwo‡q coZ| gva¨vKl©Y kw³ hv †`n‡K c„w_ex‡Z AvU‡K iv‡L, ZvI msmw³| hw` Zv‡ZI cwi®‹vi eySv bv hvq, Zvn‡j Av‡Mi `kwU ¯fve‡K evi evi GKwU GKwU K‡i mviv †`‡n Dcjwä Kiæb| hLb G‡Z my`¶ n‡q DV‡eb, ZLb †`L‡eb †h msmw³i ¸YUvI Avcbvi Kv‡Q cwi®‹vi n‡q dz‡U DV‡e| ZL‡bv msmw³ cwi®‹vi bv eyS‡j ïay Pvc Ges KvwVb¨‡K evi evi †`Lyb| ZLb Avcbvi Abyfe Kiv DwPZ †hb cy‡iv †`nUv iwki g‡Zv cvKv‡bv| GB Abyf‚wZ‡K msmw³ wn‡m‡e ey‡S wbb Avi GwU‡KI Ab¨vb¨ ¯fve¸‡jvi g‡ZvB PP©v Kiæb|

12. cÖevn‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡j gy‡Li g‡a¨ jvjvi cÖevn‡K Dcjwä Kiæb, wkivi g‡a¨ i‡³i cÖevn‡K Dcjwä Kiæb, dzmdz‡mi g‡a¨ evZv‡mi cÖevn‡K Dcjwä Kiæb, mviv †`‡n Zv‡ci cÖevn‡K Dcjwä Kiæb| Zv‡ZI cwi®‹vi bv n‡j kxZjZv, Zvc A_ev Pv‡ci mv‡_ Gi Dcw ’wZ Lyu‡R wbb| Zv‡Z nq‡Zv Avcwb cÖevn‡K Lyu‡R cv‡eb| hLb Avcwb GB ev‡ivwU ¯fve‡K mviv †`‡n cwi®‹vi Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, gv_v †_‡K cv ch©šÍ, ZLb GKB µ‡g Zv‡ì evi evi †`Lv DwPZ| Avcwb Gfv‡e wb‡Ri Kv‡R mš‘ó n‡j Gevi Dch©y³ µg‡K bZzb K‡i



mvRvb : KvwVb¨, KK©kZv, fvixZ¡, †KvgjZv, gm„YZv, jNyZ¡, cÖevn, msmw³, Zvc, kxZjZv, aviKZ¡ Ges Pvc| GB µ‡g cÖ‡Z¨K ¯fve‡K gv_v †_‡K cv ch©šÍ GKevi GKevi K‡i Dcjwä Kivi †Póv Kiæb| Avcbvi Gfv‡e PP©v Kiv DwPZ hZ¶Y bv †gvUvgywU ªæZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib, AšÍZc‡¶ wgwb‡U wZb ivDÛ K‡i PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Gfv‡e PP©v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv fvebvKvixi K‡qKwU avZz fvimvg¨nxb n‡q co‡e, wKQz avZz gvÎvwZwi³ I Amn¨ n‡q DV‡e| we‡kl K‡i KvwVb¨, Zvc I Pvc Lye gvÎvwZwi³ n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| hw` Ggb nq, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì wecixZ ¸Yvejxi Dci g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ, Avi Gfv‡e fvebvi PP©v Pvwj‡q hvIqv DwPZ| G‡Z K‡i avZz¸‡jv Avevi fvimv‡g¨ wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡YB ev‡ivUv ¯fve¸‡jv‡K †kLv‡bv n‡q‡Q cÖ_‡g| hLb avZz¸‡jv fvimv‡g¨ _v‡K, ZLb a¨vb jvf Kiv mnR nq|

wecixZv_©K ¸Y¸‡jv n‡”Q : KvwVb¨ Ges †KvgjZv, KK©kZv Ges gm„YZv, fvixZ¡ Ges jNyZ¡, cÖevn Ges msmw³, Zvc Ges kxZjZv, aviKZ¡ Ges Pvc|

hw` †Kv‡bv ¯fve AwZwi³ nq, GwU‡K Gi wecixZ ¸Y Øviv fvimv‡g¨ wb‡q Avmyb| D`vniY¯iƒc, hw` cÖevn gvÎvwZwi³ nq, Zvn‡j msmw³‡Z †ewk K‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`b, A_ev hw` aviKZ¡ AwZwi³ nq, Zvn‡j Pv‡c †ewk K‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`b| Aewkó¸‡jvI GKBfv‡e fvimv‡g¨ Avbv hvq|

mviv †`‡n ev‡ivwU ¯fv‡ei Dcjwä‡Z my`¶ n‡q DV‡j, †mB ¯fve¸‡jv hLb cwi®‹vi n‡q DV‡e, ZLb Avcbvi GK cjK †`L‡jB Dcjwä Kiv DwPZ †h cÖ_g QqwU GK‡Î c„w_exavZz, c‡ii ywU GK‡Î AvcavZz, c‡ii ywU GK‡Î †ZRavZz Ges †k‡li ywU GK‡Î evqyavZz| Gfv‡e Avcbvi c„w_ex, Avc, †ZR Ges evqyavZz‡K Dcjwä Kivi PP©v Kiv DwPZ hZ¶Y bv gbUv kvšÍ nq I a¨vb jvf nq| Gfv‡e Avcbvi PP©v Kiv DwPZ evi evi, kZ evi, nvRvi evi, GgbwK j¶ evi ch©šÍ|

G ch©v‡q GKwU fv‡jv c×wZ n‡”Q GKev‡i cy‡iv †`‡ni Dci †PvL eywj‡q wb‡q PviwU avZz‡KB Dcjwä KivUv PP©v Kiv| gbUv‡K kvšÍ I GKvMÖ Kivi Rb¨ GLb Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv †`‡ni GK Ask †_‡K Av‡iK As‡k hvIqvi ìKvi †bB| Zvi e`‡j mviv †`‡ni Dci GK cjK „wó



eywj‡q wbb| me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq Kuva eivei wcQb †_‡K †`L‡j| Avevi gv_vi Dci †_‡KI „wó ivLv hvq, Z‡e G‡Z wKQz wKQz fvebvKvixi g‡a¨ Pvc ev‡o Ges avZzi fvimvg¨ webó n‡Z cv‡i|

wemyw×g‡¹i wUKvq AviI `k Dcv‡q fvebvi PP©v Ki‡Z e‡j : µgvš‡q, Lye ªæZ bq, Lye ax‡i bq, g‡bi wew¶ßZv ~i K‡i, aviYv AwZµg K‡i, hv cwi®‹vi bq †mwU‡K ev` w`‡q, ¯fve¸‡jv‡K Dcjwä K‡i, Ges AwawPË myË, AbyËimxwZfe myË I †evÀ½ myË Abymv‡i fvebv K‡i| 1. µgvš‡q ( A b ycyeŸ ‡ Zv) : ey‡×i †`qv µ‡g c„w_ex, Avc, †ZR I

evqy| 2. Lye ªæZ bq ( b vw Zm xN‡ Zv) : Zv bv n‡j PviwU avZz cwi®‹vi †`Lv

hv‡e bv| 3. Lye ax‡i bq ( b vw Zm wb K‡ Zv) : Zv bv n‡j Avcwb †klB Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb bv| 4. g‡bi wew¶ßZv ~i K‡i ( we‡ KL c c w Uevn b ‡ Zv) : gbUv‡K †Kej

fvebvi welqe ‘—PviavZz‡Z ivLyb, Gi evB‡i Ny‡i †eov‡Z †`‡eb bv| 5. aviYvi AwZµg K‡i ( c TTw Ëmgw Z°gb ‡ Zv) : †Kej g‡b g‡b

Ôc„w_ex, Avc, †ZR, evqyÕ ej‡jB n‡e bv, Zviv †h ev Íe m‡Zï cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i : KvwVb¨, KK©kZv, fvixZ¡, †KvgjZv, gm„YZv, jNyZ¡, cÖevn, msmw³, Zvc, kxZjZv, aviKZ¡ I Pvc‡K eySvq, ZvI †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| 6. hv cwi®‹vi bq †mwU ev` w`‡q ( A b yc UVvb gyÂb ‡ Zv) : ev‡ivwU

¯fv‡ei me¸‡jv‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡j, †h¸‡jv cwi®‹vi bq, †m¸‡jv‡K mvgwqKfv‡e ev` w`‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ Zv‡Z hw` avZzi fvimvg¨nxbZvi Kvi‡Y e¨_v ev Pvc Abyf‚Z nq, Zvn‡j ev` †`‡eb bv| Zv Qvov, Avcbv‡K PviwU avZzi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi Rb¨ Kgc‡¶ GKwU ¯fve‡K ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kej wZbwU, ywU ev GKwU avZz wb‡q KvR n‡e bv| me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq ev‡ivwU ¯fv‡ei me¸‡jvB hw` cwi®‹vi nq Ges †Kv‡bvwUB hv‡Z ev` bv hvq| 7. ¯fve wePvi Kiv ( j KL Y ‡ Zv) : hLb fvebv ïiæ Ki‡eb, Avi

cÖ‡Z¨K avZzi ¯fve¸‡jv ZL‡bv cwi®‹vi n‡q I‡V wb, ZLb Avcwb Zv‡ì KvR¸‡jvi Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e g‡bv‡hvM Mfxi



n‡jB †Kej ¯vfvweK j¶Y¸‡jvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ, †hgb : c„w_exavZzi KvwVb¨Zv I KK©kZv; cvwbavZzi cÖevn I msmw³; †ZRavZzi Zvc I kxZjZv Ges evqyavZzi aviKZ¡| G ch©v‡q Avcwb †Kej avZzB †`L‡eb, †m¸‡jv‡K †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev AvZ¥v wn‡m‡e †`L‡eb bv|

8-9-10. wUKvq AviI ejv n‡q‡Q, (8) AwawPË myË, (9) AbyËimxwZfve myË, Ges (10) †evÀ½myË Abymv‡i fvebv Kivi Rb¨| GB wZbwU my‡Ë ey× cÂ-Bw› ªq; h_v : kÖ×v, exh©, ¯§„wZ, mgvwa Ges cÖÁv‡K fvimv‡g¨ Avbvi Dc‡`k w`‡q‡Qb| †mB mv‡_ cig Ávb jv‡fi mvZwU êwkó¨; h_v : ¯§„wZ, ag©wePvi (NUbvejxi cÖK…Z KviY AbymÜvb), exh© (cÖ‡Póv), cÖxwZ, cÖkvwšÍ, mgvwa (g‡bv‡hvM) Ges D‡c¶v|

Pvi avZzi fvebvq AMÖmi n‡q Avcwb hLb cÖv_wgK a¨v‡b (DcPvi-mgvwa) DcbxZ n‡eb, ZLb Avcwb wfbœ ai‡bi Av‡jv †`L‡Z cv‡eb| wKQz wKQz fvebvKvixi Kv‡Q GB Av‡jv †hb †auvqvi g‡Zv aymi n‡q Av‡m| GB aymi Av‡jvq Pvi avZz‡K †`L‡Z †`L‡Z GwU AviI mv`v wkgyj Zzjvi g‡Zv n‡q DV‡e| Gici GwU n‡q hv‡e D¾¡j mv`v, G‡Kev‡i †g‡Ni g‡Zv, Avi Avcbvi mviv †`n GKwU mv`v g~wZ© wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡e| GB mv`v iƒ‡c Pvi avZz‡K †`L‡Z _vKzb Ges GwU †Kv‡bv eid ev Kv‡Pi L‡Ði g‡Zv ¯”Q n‡q DV‡e|

GB ¯”Q iƒc n‡”Q cuvPwU cÖmv`-avZz, hv‡K ejv nq cuvPwU Ô¯”Q-avZzÕ| G¸‡jv n‡”Q : †`n, †PvL, Kvb, bvK Ges wRnŸv cÖmv`-avZz| G¸‡jv‡K ¯”Qiƒ‡c †`Lv hvq, KviY Avcwb GL‡bv wZb ai‡bi wbweoZv ( N b ), h_v : weivgnxbZvi wbweoZv, `‡ji wbweoZv Ges Kv‡Ri wbweoZv‡K Rv‡bb bv|

†mB ¯”Q iƒ‡c PviwU avZz‡K †`L‡Z †`L‡Z GKmgq GwU wSKwgK K‡i DV‡e Ges Av‡jv Qov‡e| GB Av‡jv‡Z Kgc‡¶ Ava NÈv g‡bv‡hvM ivL‡Z cvi‡j Avcwb DcPvi a¨v‡b †cuŠQv‡eb| †mB Av‡jvq ¯”Q iƒ‡ci g‡a¨ AvKvk-avZz‡K †`Lyb, Gi g‡a¨Kvi †QvU †QvU duvK LyuRyb| Avcwb †`L‡eb †h †mB ¯”Q iƒcwU †QvU †QvU KYvq wef³ n‡q †M‡Q, †h¸‡jv‡K iƒcKjvc ejv nq| GB avcUv‡K ejv nq wPËweïw×| GB av‡c †cuŠ‡Q Gevi Avcwb iƒcKjvç‡jv‡K we‡kølY K‡i „wóweïw×i Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡ib| we`k©b fvebvi ïiæ GLvb †_‡KB|

Kxfv‡e we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Z nq Zv e¨vL¨v Kivi Av‡M Avwg weï×-



we`k©b fvebvKvixi DcPvi a¨vb Ges kg_ fvebvKvixi Ac©Yv a¨v‡bi eënvwiK myweav¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© GKUz ej‡Z PvB| we`k©b fvebvq A‡bK wKQz eyS‡Z nq, ZvB K¬vwšÍ Av‡m| Ggb n‡j GKUz wekÖvg †bIqv fv‡jv| ga¨g wbKv‡qi †ØavweZ° my‡Ëi A_©K_vq GKwU iƒcK Mí Av‡Q †hLv‡b e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, Kxfv‡e a¨v‡b wekÖvg wb‡Z nq| †Kv‡bv GK hy‡×i mgq gv‡S gv‡S †hv×viv K¬vwšÍ Abyfe K‡i| kÎæiv nq‡Zv kw³kvjx n‡Z cv‡i| gv_vi Dci Suv‡K Suv‡K Zxi Qz‡U Avm‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †hv×viv Zv‡ì ~‡M© AvkÖq †bq| ~‡M©i g‡a¨ Zviv kÎæi Zx‡ii nvZ †_‡K gy³, Avi wbwð‡šÍ wekÖvg wb‡Z cv‡i| hLb Zviv kw³ wd‡i cvq, Zviv Avevi ~M© †Q‡o hy×‡¶‡Î wd‡i hvq| kg_ a¨vb n‡”Q ~‡M©i g‡Zv, †hLv‡b we`k©b fvebvi mgq wekÖvg †bIqv hvq| weï× we`k©b fvebvKvixiv, hviv †Kv‡bv kg_ a¨vb jvf K‡ib wb, Ges mivmwi Pvi avZz fvebv ïiæ K‡i‡Qb, ZvivI Pvi avZz fvebvi DcPvi a¨vb‡K ~‡M©i g‡Zv wekÖvg †bIqvi RvqMv wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Dfq †¶‡ÎB fvebvKvix wekÖvg wb‡q m‡ZR n‡q Avevi we`k©‡bi hy× †¶‡Î wdi‡Z cv‡ib| wekÖvg †bIqvi RvqMv _vKvUv Lye myweav †`q|

GLb Avwg e¨vL¨v Kie Kxfv‡e we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Z nq| ïiæ KiwQ iƒcKjvç‡jv we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g|

iƒcKjvc we‡kølY iƒcKjvç‡jv yfv‡M wef³ : ¯”Q iƒcKjvc Ges A¯”Q iƒcKjvc| †h-mg Í iƒcKjvç‡jv‡Z cuvPwU cÖmv`-avZziƒ‡ci †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU we`¨gvb _v‡K, †m¸‡jv ¯”Q iƒcKjvc nq| evèvwK¸‡jv A¯”Q|

Avcbv‡K cÖ_‡g ¯”Q Ges A¯”Q iƒcKjvç‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z Pvi avZz : c„w_ex, Avc, †ZR I evqyavZz‡K wPb‡Z n‡e| Avcwb †`L‡eb iƒcKjvç‡jv Lye, Lye ªæZ Drcbœ nq Ges wejxb n‡q hvq| Avcwb Zv‡ì we‡kølY Ki‡ZI cvi‡eb bv, KviY Avcwb GL‡bv Zv‡ì ¶z ª KYv wn‡m‡e †`L‡Qb, Zv‡ì AvKv‡ii wn‡me Ki‡Qb| †h‡nZz Avcwb GL‡bv wZb ai‡bi wbweoZvi ga¨ w`‡q †`L‡Z †k‡Lb wb, †h¸‡jv n‡”Q : weivgnxbZvi wbweoZv ( m š Íw Z- N b ), `‡ji wbweoZv ( mg~n - N b ) Ges



Kv‡Ri wbweoZv ( w K” P- N b )| Avcwb GL‡bv aviYvi ( c TTw Ë) RM‡Z AvU‡K Av‡Qb, cigv_© ev ÍeZvq ( c i gÌ) GL‡bv †cuŠQvb wb|

KviY, Avcwb GL‡bv †kÖwY Ges AvKv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †`‡Lb wb, GL‡bv KYv, ¶z ª ¶z ª e ‘i `jv i‡q †M‡Q Ae‡kl wn‡m‡e| hw` Avcwb Avi AMÖmi bv nb, Ges iƒcKjvç‡jvi DrcwË I wejq wb‡q Mfxifv‡e wPšÍv K‡i we`k©b fvebvi †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avcwb ZLb aviYvi Dci we`k©b fvebv Kivi †Póv Ki‡Qb gvÎ| AZGe, iƒcKjvç‡jv‡K AviI we‡kølY Ki‡Z n‡e, hZ¶Y bv avZz¸‡jv‡K GK GKUv iƒcKjv‡ci g‡a¨ †`L‡Z cvb| GwU n‡”Q cigv_© ev ÍeZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q hvIqvi Rb¨|

hw` GKwU Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ PviwU avZz‡K †`L‡Z bv cvb, KviY Zviv Lye, Lye ªæZ Drcbœ nq Avi wejxb n‡q hvq, Zvn‡j DrcwË I wejq‡K AMÖvn¨ Kiæb| Avcwb hvi mv‡_ †`Lv n‡Z Pvb bv, wKš‘ NUbvµ‡g †`Lv n‡q †M‡Q, ZLb Avcwb †hfv‡e Zv‡K bv †`Lvi fvb K‡ib, ev †Lqvj bv Kivi fvb K‡ib, wVK †mfv‡e DrcwË I wejq‡K AMÖvn¨ Kiæb| †Kej GKwU gvÎ iƒcKjv‡ci g‡a¨ PviwU avZzi Dci g‡bv‡hvM w`b| Avcbvi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi kw³ Zv‡ì DrcwË-wejq‡K AMÖvn¨ Ki‡Z Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| ZeyI Avcwb hw` mdj bv nb, ZLb mviv †`‡ni c„w_exavZzi Dci GKevi g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Gici GKwU gvÎ Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ Avevi c„w_exavZz‡K †`Lyb| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g mviv †`‡n Ges Kjvç‡jv‡Z c„w_exavZzi Dci g‡bv‡hvM w`b| AvcavZz, †ZRavZz, evqyavZzi RbÏ wVK GKBfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM w`b| Gfv‡e Avcwb Pvwi avZz‡K ¯”Q I A¯”Q Dfq iƒcKjv‡c †`L‡Z cv‡eb|

hLb Avcwb G‡Z mdj n‡eb ZLb QqwU AvqZb; h_v : P¶z-AvqZb, KY©-AvqZb, NªvY-AvqZb, wRnŸv-AvqZb, Kvq-AvqZb Ges gb-AvqZ‡bi ¯”Q I A¯”Q iƒcKjvç‡jvi Pvi avZz¸‡jv cvjvµ‡g †`Lyb|

GKwU iƒcKjvc Kgc‡¶ AvU ai‡bi iƒ‡ci mgwó : c„w_ex, Avc, †ZR, evqy, eY©, MÜ, im Ges IR| AZGe Qq AvqZ‡bi ¯”Q I A¯”Q iƒcKjvç‡jv‡Z Pvwi avZz‡K wP‡b †bIqvi c‡i evèvwK avZz; h_v : eY©, MÜ, im I IR avZz‡KI wP‡b †bIqv DwPZ Avcbvi|

eY©‡K mKj iƒcKjv‡c cvIqv hv‡e| GwU n‡”Q „wói welqe¯‘



( i ƒ c vi ¤§Y )| GwU‡K mn‡RB †Pbv hvq| MÜ‡KI mKj iƒcKjv‡c cvIqv hvq| ïiæ‡Z Avcbvi bv‡Ki cÖmv`-

avZz Ges fev½wPË‡K †Pbv DwPZ| cÖ_gZ, bv‡Ki cÖmv`-avZz‡K Lyu‡R †bIqvi Rb¨ bv‡Ki g‡a¨Kvi Pvwi avZz‡K †`Lyb| bv‡Ki g‡a¨ mswkøó iƒcKjvç‡jvi g‡a¨ Aek¨B bv‡Ki cÖmv`-avZz‡K †`L‡Z cv‡eb Avcwb| hw` Avcwb Qq AvqZ‡bi ¯”Q I A¯”Q Kjvç‡jvi Pvwi avZz‡K mdjfv‡e wPb‡Z mdj nb, Avcwb ZLb g‡bvØv‡ii †mB D¾¡j I `xwßgvb fev½wPË‡K mn‡RB wPb‡Z m¶g n‡eb| GwU Aew ’Z ü`‡q, Avi wbf©i K‡i ü`qe ‘i Dc‡i, hv ü`q-`kK-Kjvc bv‡gi A¯”Q Kjvc Øviv MwVZ|

Gfv‡e bv‡Ki cÖmv`-avZz Ges fev½wPË‡K mn‡RB wP‡b wb‡q Gevi iƒcKjv‡ci MÜ‡K wPb‡Z AMÖmi †nvb| MÜ‡K NªvYweÁvb A_ev g‡bvweÁvb w`‡qI †Pbv hvq| bv‡Ki cÖmv`-avZzi Dci NªvYweÁvb Drcbœ nq| fev½wPË, hv ü`qe ‘i iƒ‡ci Dci wbf©ikxj, Zvi Øviv AvKwl©Z n‡q g‡bvweÁvb Drcbœ nq| GRb¨B iƒcKjv‡ci MÜ‡K †`Lvi B‡”Q n‡j Zvi aviK I evnK cÖmv`-avZz¸‡jv‡K Av‡M Aek¨B wPb‡Z n‡e|

im‡KI mKj iƒcKjv‡c cvIqv hvq| wRnŸvi cÖmv`-avZz Ges fev½wPË‡K wP‡b wb‡q iƒcKjv‡ci im‡K wP‡b wbb| Avcwb wRnŸvi Dc‡i jvjvi ¯v`‡K †`‡L wb‡Z cv‡ib| M‡Üi g‡ZvB, im‡KI wRnŸv ev gbwPË w`‡q Rvbv hvq, Z‡e Zvi Av‡M Zv‡ì aviK avZz¸‡jv‡K Aek¨B Av‡M Rvb‡Z n‡e|

Awfa‡g©i GKwU A_©K_v Ôm‡ ¤§vn w e‡ b vw `b xÕ‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q : Ôm‡ eŸ vw c c ‡ b m c ‡ f‡ `vg‡ b vØ vw i KR ve‡ b‡ q e j fw Z|Õ G‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q †h iƒcKjv‡ci eY©, MÜ Ges im‡K gbwPË w`‡qB †Pbv hvq| g‡bv‡hvM kw³kvjx nIqvi Av‡M Avcwb Kxfv‡e gbwP‡Ëi Øviv im I MÜ‡K †Pbv hvq, Zv †kLvi Rb¨ NªvY I wRnŸvweÁvb‡K eënvi K‡ib| g‡bv‡hvM cÖej I kw³kvjx n‡j Avcwb ïaygvÎ gbwP‡Ëi gva¨‡gB iƒcKjv‡ci im I MÜ‡K wPb‡Z cvi‡eb|

IR‡K mKj iƒcKjv‡c cvIqv hvq| GwU Pvi ai‡bi : Kg©-IR, wPË-IR, FZz-IR Ges Avnvi-IR| †h‡Kv‡bv iƒcKjv‡ci g‡a¨ †`Lyb, †mLv‡b Avcwb IR‡K †`L‡Z cv‡eb, hv †_‡K iƒcKjvç‡jv‡K eû ¸‡Y †e‡o †h‡Z †`Lv hvq|



iƒcKjv‡ci †gŠwjK AvU ai‡bi iƒc‡K wP‡b wb‡q Gevi Avcwb we‡kl we‡kl iƒcKjv‡c _vKv Aewkó iƒç‡jv‡K †Pbvi †Póv Kiæb|

RxweZ-iƒc n‡”Q †mB iƒc hv Kg© Øviv Drcbœ iƒ‡ci (Kg©R iƒ‡ci) Rxeb‡K aviY K‡i| GwU‡K wPË, FZz A_ev Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ iƒcKjv‡ci g‡a¨ cvIqv hv‡e bv| GwU‡K cvIqv hv‡e †Kej Kg© Øviv Drcbœ iƒcKjvç‡jv‡Z, A_©vr ¯”Q iƒcKjvç‡jv‡Z| †mB ¯”Q iƒcKjvç‡jv‡K Avcbvi †Pbvi K_v| Gevi †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ RxweZ-iƒc‡K LyuRyb| RxweZ-iƒc Ab¨vb¨ iƒç‡jvi Rxeb‡K aviY K‡i †Kej wb‡Ri Kjv‡c, Ab¨vb¨ Kjvç‡jv‡Z bq|

¯”Q iƒcKjv‡c RxweZ-iƒc‡K wP‡b wb‡q Gevi GwU‡K A¯”Q iƒc Kjv‡ci g‡aÏ †Pbvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ| Avgv‡ì †`‡n wZb ai‡bi A¯”Q iƒcKjvc i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv‡Z RxweZ-iƒc i‡q‡Q| GK ai‡bi iƒcKjvc n‡”Q ü`q-`kK-Kjvc †h¸‡jv‡K †Kej ü`wc‡ÐB cvIqv hvq| Ab¨ ywU iƒcKjvc n‡”Q fve-`kK-Kjvc Ges RxweZ-beK-Kjvc, †h¸‡jv‡K mviv †`‡n cvIqv hvq| ZvB ü`wc‡Ði Av‡kcv‡ki †Kv‡bv A¯”Q iƒcKjv‡c hw` Avcwb RxweZ-iƒc‡K †`‡Lb, Zvn‡j eyS‡eb †h GwU Aek¨B GKwU fve-`kK-Kjvc A_ev RxweZ-beK-Kjvc| G¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡i †Pbvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K wPb‡Z n‡e wj½-wba©viK-iƒc‡K (fveiƒc‡K)|

wj½-wba©viK-iƒc ev fveiƒc‡K mviv †`‡n, QqwU AvqZ‡bi me¸‡jvi A¯”Q Kjv‡c cvIqv hvq| ¯”Q Ges A¯”Q Kjv‡c RxweZ-iƒc‡K Lyu‡R cvIqvi c‡i Gevi †h A¯”Q Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ RxweZ-iƒc‡K Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb Zv‡Z fveiƒc‡K †`Lvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ| hw` †mLv‡b fveiƒc _v‡K, Zvn‡j KjvcwU n‡”Q fve-`kK-Kjvc Ges GwU RxweZ-beK-Kjvc bq| cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ _v‡K †Kej cyiæl-fveiƒc Ges bvixi g‡a¨ _v‡K †Kej bvix-fveiƒc| cyiæl-fveiƒc n‡”Q †mB ¸Y hvi Øviv Avcwb Rv‡bb, ÔGwU GKRb cyiælÕ| bvix-fveiƒc n‡”Q †mB ¸Y hvi Øviv Avcwb Rv‡bb, ÔGwU GKRb bvixÕ| hLb Avcwb fveiƒc‡K wPb‡Z m¶g n‡eb, †mwU‡K Qq AvqZ‡bi meLv‡b LyuRyb—†PvL, Kvb, bvK, wRnŸv, Kvq I g‡b|

ü`qe¯‘-iƒc n‡”Q †mB iƒc hv g‡bi Øv‡i Drcbœ mKj wPË‡K aviY K‡i| Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q cuvPwU Bw› ªq-Øvi : †PvL, Kvb, bvK, wRnŸv I



KvqØv‡i Drcbœ wPË¸‡jv ev‡`| ü`qe¯‘-iƒc‡K wPb‡Z n‡j fev½wP‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM ’vcb Kiæb| Gici

†mB iƒcKjvç‡jv‡K †`Lyb †h¸‡jv fev½wPË‡K aviY K‡i| Avcwb GB iƒcKjvç‡jv‡K fev½wP‡Ëi wb‡Pi As‡k Lyu‡R cv‡eb| G¸‡jv A¯”Q ü`q-`kK-Kjvc|

¯”Q avZziƒ‡ci we‡kølY Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L K‡qK ai‡bi iƒcKjvc Av‡Q, A‡bKUv Pv‡ji ¸‡ov Ges M‡gi ¸‡ov GKmv‡_ wg‡k _vKvi g‡Zv| †Pv‡L y ai‡bi cÖmv`-avZz GK‡Î wg‡k Av‡Q, P¶z-cÖmv`-avZz Ges Kvq-cÖmv`-avZz| A_©vr P¶z-`kK-Kjvc Ges Kvq-`kK-Kjvc wgwkÖZ n‡q Av‡Q| Kvq-`kK-Kjv‡c Av‡Q Kvq-cÖmv`-avZz, hv QqwU AvqZ‡bi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q Av‡Q| †m¸‡jv wgwkÖZ n‡q Av‡Q †Pv‡Li g‡a¨ P¶z-`kK-Kjv‡ci mv‡_, Kv‡bi g‡a¨ †kÖvÎ-`kK-Kjv‡ci mv‡_, bv‡Ki g‡a¨ NªvY-`kK-Kjv‡ci mv‡_, wRnŸvi g‡a¨ wRnŸv-`kK-Kjv‡ci mv‡_, ü`wc‡Ði g‡a¨ ü`q-`kK-Kjv‡ci mv‡_| fveiƒc Kjvç‡jvI QqwU AvqZ‡bi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q Av‡Q, Avi wgwkÖZ n‡q Av‡Q ¯”Q Kjvç‡jvi mv‡_| GwU †`Lvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K cuvP ai‡bi ¯”Q Kjv‡ci iƒc‡K Av‡M we‡kølY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G¸‡jv n‡”Q : 1. P¶z-cÖmv`-avZz ( PKL y- c m v`) : GwU e‡Y©i cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj,

†hLv‡b Kvq-cÖmv`-avZz n‡”Q ¯ú‡k©i cÖwZ, A_©vr †Quvqv hvq Ggb e ‘i cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj| GB cv_©KÜvB Avcbv‡K Rvwb‡q †`q †KvbUv Kx‡mi| cÖ_‡g †Pv‡Li PviwU avZz‡K †`Lyb, Ges GKwU ¯”Q iƒcKjvc‡K †`Lyb| Gici †PvL †_‡K wKQz ~‡i †Kv‡bv GKwU iƒcKjv‡ci eY©wU †`Lyb| hw` †mB eY©wU cÖmv`-avZz‡K AvNvZ K‡i, GwU GKwU P¶z-cÖmv`-avZz, Avi †h iƒcKjv‡c GwU Av‡Q, †mwU n‡”Q GKwU P¶z-`kK-Kjvc| eY©wU Ggb bv Ki‡j †mwU P¶z-cÖmv`-avZz bq| †mwU GKwU Kvq-cÖmv`-avZz gvÎ| KviY, †Pv‡L †Kej y ai‡biB cÖmv`-avZz Av‡Q| 2. Kvq-cÖmv`-avZz ( Kvq - c m v`) : GwU ¯úk©‡hvM¨ (KvqMÖvn¨) e ‘i

cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj, †h¸‡jv n‡”Q c„w_ex, †ZR I evqyavZz| GKwU ¯”Q iƒcKjvc †`Lyb| Gici KvQvKvwQ †Kv‡bv iƒcKjv‡ci c„w_ex, †ZR ev



evqyavZz‡K †`Lyb| hw` wZbwU avZzi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU avZz cÖmv`-avZz‡K AvNvZ K‡i, Zvn‡j GwU Kvq-cÖmv`-avZz Ges †h iƒc-Kjv‡c GwU Av‡Q †mwU GKwU Kvq-`kK-Kjvc| †Pv‡Li †¶‡Î †hgbUv K‡i‡Qb, wVK GKBfv‡e Kvb, bvK, wRnŸv, †`n Ges ü`wc‡Ði g‡a¨ Kvq-`kK-Kjvç‡jv‡K †`Lyb| 3. †kÖvÎ-cÖmv`-avZz ( †m v Z- c m v`) : GwU k‡ãi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj|

Kv‡bi PviwU avZz‡K †`Lyb Ges GKwU ¯”Q iƒcKjvc‡K †`Lyb| Gici †Kv‡bv kã ïbyb| hw` GwU cÖmv`-avZzi Dci AvNvZ K‡i, Zvn‡j GwU GKwU †kÖvÎ-cÖmv`-avZz| †h iƒcKjv‡c GwU we`¨gvb, †mB iƒcKjvc‡K ejv nq †kÖvÎ-`kK-Kjvc| Gi c‡i Kvq-`kK-Kjvc‡K †`LvUv Dc‡i DwjøwLZ †Pv‡Li g‡Zv| 4. NªvY-cÖmv`-avZz ( N vY - c m v`) : GwU M‡Üi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj|

bv‡Ki g‡a¨ PviwU avZz‡K †`Lyb Ges GKwU ¯”Q iƒcKjvc‡K †`Lyb| Gic‡i KvQvKvwQ †Kv‡bv iƒcKjv‡ci MÜ wbb| hw` GwU ¯”Q avZz‡Z AvNvZ K‡i, Zvn‡j GwU GKwU NªvY-cÖmv`-avZz, Avi †h iƒcKjv‡c GwU we`¨gvb †mwU n‡”Q NªvY-`kK-Kjvc| 5. wRnŸv-cÖmv`-avZz ( w R nŸ v- cm v`) : GwU ¯v‡ì cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj|

wRnŸvi g‡a¨ PviwU avZz‡K †`Lyb Ges †Kv‡bv cÖmv`-avZz‡K †`Lyb| Gici KvQvKvwQ †Kv‡bv iƒcKjv‡ci ¯v` wbb| hw` GwU cÖmv`-avZzi Dci AvNvZ K‡i, Zvn‡j GwU GKwU wRnŸv-cÖmv`-avZz, Avi †h iƒcKjv‡c GwU we`¨gvb, †mwU GKwU wRnŸv-`kK-Kjvc|

Kvq-`kK-Kjvc Ges fve-`kK-Kjvc‡K QqwU AvqZ‡bi me¸‡jv‡Z cvIqv hvq Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ’v‡b Aek¨B Zv‡ì cvjvµ‡g †`L‡Z n‡e|

†Pv‡Li g‡a¨ Pzqvwjøk cÖKvi iƒc Avcwb hw` P¶z-iƒc‡K we‡kølY K‡ib, Zvn‡j Zv‡Z QqwU iƒc Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ Pzqvwjøk ai‡bi iƒc‡K Lyu‡R cv‡eb| GB QqwU iƒc Kjvc n‡”Q :

1. P¶z-`kK-Kjvc, hv e‡Y©i cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj, ¯”Q Ges Kg© Øviv Drcbœ|

2. Kvq-`kK-Kjvc, hv ¯úk©‡hvM¨ e ‘i (c„w_ex, †ZR Ges Avc



avZzi) cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj, ¯”Q Ges Kg© Øviv Drcbœ| 3. fve-`kK-Kjvc, hv A¯”Q Ges Kg© Øviv Drcbœ| 4. wPË Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjvc| 5. FZz Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjvc| 6. Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjvc| Avwg Av‡MB e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ Kxfv‡e cÖ_g wZbwU iƒcKjvc‡K †`L‡Z

nq| †k‡li wZbwU Kjv‡c Av‡Q AvU ai‡bi iƒc| Zv‡ì GKgvÎ cv_©K¨ n‡”Q Zv‡ì Dr‡m : wP‡Ë, FZz‡Z A_ev Avnv‡i| ZvB Avwg GLb D`vniY †è Kxfv‡e ey‡S wb‡Z nq †KvbUv wPË Øviv Drcbœ, †KvbUv FZz Øviv Drcbœ Ges †KvbUv Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ|

wPË Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (wPËR-iƒc) gb-AvqZ‡bi iƒ‡ci Dci wbf©ikxj mKj wPË¸‡jv, †h¸‡jv mviv Rxeb a‡i Drcbœ nq, †m¸‡jv wPË Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i| GK GKwU wPË eû msL¨K IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i hv mviv †`‡n Qwo‡q c‡o|

fev½wP‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡j Avcwb †`L‡eb †h gb-AvqZb iƒ‡ci Dci wbf©ikxj A‡bK wPË Aweivg iƒcKjvc Drcbœ K‡i| hw` GUv cwi®‹vi bv nq, Zvn‡j fev½wP‡Ë g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Avcbvi GKwU AvOzj‡K bvPvb| Avcwb †`L‡eb †h cÖPzi iƒcKjvc Drcbœ n‡”Q| KviY, gbwU AvOzjwU‡K bvov‡Z Pvq| Avcwb AviI †`L‡eb †h †m¸‡jv mviv QqwU AvqZ‡b Qwo‡q co‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q IR-AóK-Kjvc, †h¸‡jv A¯”Q Ges wPË Øviv Drcbœ|

FZz Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (FZzR-iƒc) †ZRavZz‡K ejv nq ZvcgvÎv ev FZz| GwU‡K mKj iƒcKjv‡c cvIqv hvq| GwU ªæZ FZz Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjv‡ci cÖ_g cÖRb¥ Drcbœ K‡i| GB Drcbœ Kjvç‡jv‡ZI †ZRavZz _v‡K, †hwU FZz Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjv‡ci wØZxq cÖRb¥ Drcbœ K‡i| Kg© Øviv Drcbœ Kjv‡ci



g‡a¨Kvi †ZRavZz, †hgb P¶z-`kK-Kjvc GKBfv‡e Pvi ev cuvP cÖRb¥ FZz Øviv Drcbœ Kjv‡ci Rb¥ †`q| GwU †Kej N‡U hLb ZvcgvÎv Zvi w ’wZkxj Ae ’vq ( w Vw ZKvj ) †cuŠ‡Q hvq| GwU iƒ‡ci wbqg †h, †Kej w ’wZkxj Ae ’vq Avm‡j Z‡eB GwU kw³kvjx nq|

(ms‡¶‡c : Kg©R=> cÖ_g FZzR => 2q => 3q => 4_© => 5g)

Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ iƒc (AvnviR-iƒc) †`‡ni PviwU Ask, h_v : nRg bv nIqv Lv`¨, gj, cyuR Ges cÖmªve, G¸‡jv‡Z †Kej _v‡K ZvcgvÎv (DZz) Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjvç‡jv| Kg©R-nRgx-Zv‡ci Drcbœ nq RxweZ-beK-Kjv‡ci †ZRavZz Øviv| GB †ZRavZzi mnvqZvq IR-AóK-Kjv‡ci IR ci ci A‡bK cÖRb¥ IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ Kjvc (AvnviR-Kjvc), Ges G¸‡jv QqwU AvqZ‡b Qwo‡q _v‡K| GK w`‡bi Avnvi AvnviR IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i m‡e©v”P mvZ w`b ch©šÍ| Kg©R-nRgx-Zv‡ci mnvqZvq GK w`‡b Kiv Avnvi m‡e©v”P mvZ w`b ch©šÍ Kg©R, wPËR, FZzR, Ges Gi cieZ©x AvnviR Kjvç‡jvi IR‡K m‡ZR ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

GB e¨vcvi¸‡jv †`L‡Z n‡j LvIqvi mgq hLb AvnviR Kjvç‡jv gyL †_‡K Mjv, cvK ’jx Ges Aš¿ w`‡q mviv †`‡n Qwo‡q co‡Q, ZLb fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| gyL, Mjv, cvK ’jx I A‡š¿i g‡a¨ bZzb Avnvi Kiv Lv‡`¨ PviwU avZz‡K †`Lyb Ges †mLv‡bi iƒcKjvç‡jv‡K †`Lyb| Gfv‡e †`L‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv †`L‡Z cvb †h iƒcKjv‡ci IR bZzb iƒcKjvc Drcbœ Ki‡Q, †h¸‡jv mviv †`‡n Qwo‡q co‡Q|

weKí c×wZ wn‡m‡e, LvIqvi c‡iI Avcwb Gme wRwbm †`L‡Z cv‡ib| cvK ’jx A_ev A‡š¿ bZzb LvIqv Lv`¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Pvwi avZz‡K †`Lyb| †`L‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡eb †h Kg© Øviv Drcbœ nRgx Zv‡ci mnvqZvq Lv‡`ï iƒcKjv‡ci IR bZzb iƒcKjvc Drcbœ Ki‡Q, †h¸‡jv mviv †`‡n Qwo‡q co‡Q| †`Lyb †h GB Kjvç‡jv A¯”Q, G¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kiæb, Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kjv‡c AvU ai‡bi iƒc‡K †`Lyb|

GB Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK Kjvç‡jv‡K mviv kix‡i Qwo‡q



co‡Z †`Lyb Ges †`Lyb †m¸‡jv †Pv‡L †cuŠ‡Q hv‡”Q| †Pv‡Li g‡a¨Kvi †mB Kjvç‡jvi g‡a¨ AvU ai‡bi iƒc‡K †`Lyb| †`Lyb †h †mB Kjvç‡jvi IR n‡”Q Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ IR (AvnviR-IR)| hLb GB Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ IR P¶z-`kK-Kjv‡ci I‡Ri mv‡_ wgwjZ nq, GwU P¶z-`kK-Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ Kg© Øviv Drcbœ IR‡K Pvi ev cuvP cÖRb¥ iƒcKjvc Drcbœ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GB cÖR‡b¥i msL¨v¸‡jv wbf©i K‡i Kg© Øviv Drcbœ IR Ges Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ I‡Ri mnvqZv kw³i Dc‡i| Avevi, GB Pvi ev cuvP cÖR‡b¥i iƒcKjvç‡jv‡Z _v‡K †ZRavZz ev ZvcgvÎv, hv Zvi w ’wZkxj Ae ’vq Av‡Q, hv A‡bK cÖRb¥ FZzR IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i| GLv‡b †mUvI †`Lvi †Póv Kiæb|

G QvovI †`Lvi †Póv Kiæb †h AvnviR I‡Ri mnvqZvq Kvq-`kK-Kjv‡ci IR Ges fve-Kjv‡ci IR Pvi ev cuvPwU cÖR‡b¥i AvnviR IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ Ki‡Q| †mB A‡bK¸‡jv cÖR‡b¥I †ZRavZz ev ZvcgvÎv A‡bK A‡bK FZzR IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i|

†Pv‡Li cÖ‡Z¨KwU wPË Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjv‡c IR _v‡K| AvnviR I‡Ri mnvqZvq GB wPËR IR yB ev wZb cÖR‡b¥i AvnviR IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨Kvi †ZRavZzI A‡bK cÖRb¥ ZvcgvÎv Øviv Drcbœ IR-AóK-Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i|

wPË kg_wPË †nvK, we`k©bwPË †nvK, gvM©wPË †nvK ev djwPË †nvK, GwU †`‡ni g‡a¨ A‡bK cÖRb¥ a‡i wPËR IR-AóK-Kjv‡ci Rb¥ †`q| GB Kjvç‡jvi g‡a¨Kvi †ZRavZz †`‡ni †fZ‡i I evB‡i FZzR IR-AóK-Kjv‡ci Rb¥ †`q| Av‡jv n‡”Q †mB wPËR I FZzR Kjvç‡jvi eY©iƒ‡ci J¾¡j¨|

P¶z-AvqZ‡b †hfv‡e iƒc‡K †`‡L‡Qb †mfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ cuvPwU AvqZ‡bI mKj ai‡bi iƒc‡K †`Lv DwPZ|

mvivsk AvR‡K Avwg Lye msw¶ß K‡i eywS‡q w`jvg Kxfv‡e iƒcKjvc we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq| ev Í‡e PP©v Ki‡Z †M‡j AviI A‡bK wKQz Ki‡Z nq, hv ejvi mgq GLv‡b †bB| D`vniY¯iƒc, we Í…Z c×wZ‡Z we‡kølY, hv‡K Avgiv ewj †`‡ni weqvwjøkwU As‡ki we‡kølY, †mLv‡b Av‡Q : evBkwU



c„w_exavZzi Ask, ev‡ivwU AvcavZzi Ask, PviwU †ZRavZzi Ask Ges QqwU evqyavZzi Ask| †m¸‡jv ga¨g wbKv‡qi avZzwef½ my‡Ë D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw` Avcwb †m¸‡jv PP©v Ki‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv `¶ ¸iæi Kv‡Q hvIqv DwPZ| µgvš‡q PP©vi gva¨‡g Avcwb ax‡i ax‡i PviwU Kvi‡Y Drcbœ Kjvç‡jv, h_v : Kg©R, wPËR, FZzR Ges AvnviR Kjvç‡jv‡K †`L‡Z `¶ n‡q DV‡eb| ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z †M‡j :

1. iƒcKjvç‡jv †`L‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K Pvi avZz, h_v : c„w_ex, Avc, †ZR I evqyavZz‡K wP‡b wb‡q fvebvi PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e DcPvi a¨vb ch©šÍ|

2. hLb Avcwb iƒcKjvç‡jv‡K †`L‡Z cv‡eb, ZLb †m¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kiæb hv‡Z GK GKwU Kjv‡ci g‡a¨Kvi mKj iƒç‡jv‡K †`L‡Z cvb| D`vniY¯iƒc, GKwU Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ c„w_ex, Avc, †ZR, evqy, eY©, MÜ, IR, RxweZ-iƒc Ges P¶z-cÖmv`-avZz‡K †`Lyb|

3. msw¶ß c×wZ‡Z GKwU gvÎ AvqZ‡b mKj cÖKvi iƒc‡K †`Lyb| Gici me¸‡jv AvqZ‡b †`Lyb| we Í…Z c×wZ‡Z †`‡ni weqvwjøkwU As‡ki me¸‡jv‡Z mKj cÖKvi iƒc‡K †`Lyb| GLv‡bB iƒc‡K †`Lvi Dc‡i Avgvi e³e¨ †kl n‡jv| cieZ©x †`kbvq Avwg e¨vL¨v Kie Kxfv‡e gb‡K †`L‡Z nq|

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 4 cÖkœ 4.1 : A vh©‰g‡ Îq †evw a mË ¡mn mKj †evw a mË ¡ w K m va vi Y †j vK ( c„_ KR b ) ? hw ` A vh©‰g‡ Îq †evw a mË ¡ A vgv‡ ì g‡ ZvB m va vi Y †j vK n b , Zvn ‡ j hL b w Zwb ˆg‡ Îq ey× n Iq vi Rb ¨ † b ‡ g A vm‡ eb , ZL b ey×

n Iq vi R b ¨ A vgv‡ ì I Zvi gv‡ S Kx Kx c v_ ©K¨ w e `¨gvb _ vK‡ e? DËi 4.1 : cv_©K¨ n‡”Q Zuvi cvigx c~Y© n‡q‡Q, †hgb Avgv‡ì

kvK¨gywb ey× hLb wm×v_© †evwamË¡ wQ‡jb, Zuvi g‡Zv| Ggb †evwamË¡iv A‡bK Rb¥ a‡i Zuv‡ì cvigx c~Y© K‡i Avm‡Qb, †hgb `vb cvigx, kxj cvigx, ˆgÎx cvigx Ges cÖÁv cvigx| hwÌ Zviv Bw› ªqmyL Dc‡fvM K‡ib, Zv‡ì cwicK¡ cvigx¸‡jv Zv‡ì msmvi Z¨v‡Mi c‡_ †V‡j †`q| cÖ‡Z¨K †evwamË¡ †kl Rxe‡b we‡q K‡ib, Ges GKwU cyÎ mšÍvb jvf



K‡ib, GwU cÖK…wZi wbqg| Avwg ˆg‡Îq †evwam‡Ë¡i ¿x Ges cy‡Îi bvg fz‡j †MwQ| †_iev`x wÎwcUK Abymv‡i, ey×mn †Kv‡bv An©r cwiwbe©v‡Yi c‡i Avi Rb¥vb bv| cwiwbe©vY n‡”Q Zvi cybR©‡b¥i P‡µi mgvwß| Zviv Avi †Kv_vI Rb¥ jvf Ki‡eb bv|

Avgv‡ì kvK¨gywb ey‡×i K_vB aiæb bv, Zuvi †kl Rxe‡b, ey×Z¡ jv‡fi Av‡M wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb mvaviY †jvK, c„_KRb| Kxfv‡e? †lvj eQi eq‡m wZwb ivRcyÎ nb Ges ivRKb¨v h‡kvaiv‡K we‡q K‡ib| wZwb Bw› ªqmyL Dc‡fvM K‡ib †Zi eQ‡iiI †ewk mgq a‡i| Zvi ev‡g cuvP k Ges Wv‡b cuvP k †èx wQj bv, wKš‘ Zv‡K wN‡i wQj nvRvi Rb ivRKb¨v| GwUB Kvgm yL w j øKvq vb y‡ q v‡ Mv—Bw› ªqmyL Dc‡fvM ev Bw› ªqmy‡L gMœ nIqv|

Bw› ªqmyL cwiZ¨v‡Mi c‡i wZwb Diæ‡ejvi Ai‡Y¨ AvZ¥wbMÖng~jK A‡bK Zcm¨v K‡ib| Qq eQ‡ii e¨_© PP©v †k‡l wZwb GwU‡K Z¨vM K‡ib Ges ga¨c_ Aej¤b K‡ib, Avi AwP‡iB ey×Z¡ jvf K‡ib| ey×Z¡ jv‡fi c‡i Zuvi cÖ_g †`kbv, a ¤§P°c eË b m y‡ Ë wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib :

Ô...Kv‡ gm y Kvgm yL w j øKvq vb y‡ q v‡ Mv n x‡ b v, M‡ ¤ §v, c y_ y¾ w b ‡ K v, A b w i ‡ q v, A b Ìmsw n ‡ Zv|Õ Bw› ªqmyL Dc‡fvM n‡”Q nxb, MÖvg¨ †jvK‡ì KvR, mvaviY †jvK‡ì KvR| GwU Av‡jvwKZ gnvb †jvK‡ì KvR bq, Avh©‡ì KvR bq| GB Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g gvM©, dj I wbe©v‡Yi †Kv‡bv wKQzB cvIqv hvq bv|

ZvB Zvi cÖ_g †`kbvq ey× †NvlYv K‡ib †h, †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³, †m hw` Bw› ªqmyL †fvM K‡i, Zvn‡j †m GKRb mvaviY †jvK ev c„_KRb| †evwamË¡ Ae ’vq wZwb ivRcÖvmv‡` h‡kvaivi mv‡_ Bw› ªqmyL Dc‡fvM K‡iwQ‡jb| †m mgq wZwbI GKRb mvaviY c„_KRb wQ‡jb| KviY, Bw› ªqmyL Dc‡fvM KivUv c„_KR‡bi KvR|

GwU †Kej Avgv‡ì †evwam‡Ë¡i †¶‡ÎB bq, cÖ‡Z¨K †evwam‡Ë¡i Rb¨B Lv‡U| GLv‡bI eZ©gvb †kÖvZv‡ì gv‡S nq‡Zv A‡bK †evwamË¡ Av‡Qb| Avcbv‡ì GwU Lye g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ : GB †evwamË¡iv wK mvaviY †jvK bvwK gnvb †jvK ( A w i q )? Avgvi g‡b nq Gi DËi Avcbv‡ì Rvbv Av‡Q| cÖkœ 4.2 : fveb v †Kv‡ m ©i c ‡ i †Kv‡ b v fveb vKvi x w K gvM© d j j vf

Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? hw ` b v c v‡ i , Zvn ‡ j †Kb c v‡ i b v?



DËi 4.2 : †m jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU Zuvi cvigxi Dci wbf©i K‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc, evwnq-`viæwPwi‡qi K_v aiæb| wZwb Kvk¨c ey‡×i kvm‡b kg_-we`k©b fvebv K‡i ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb cÖvq wek nvRvi eQi a‡i fvebv K‡iwQ‡jb; wKš‘ †Kv‡bv gvM© I djÁvb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| KviY, wZwb c ygyËi ey‡×i KvQ †_‡K GKwU mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf K‡iwQ‡jb †h wZwb w¶cÖvwfÁ ev me‡P‡q ªæZ An©Ë¡ jvfKvix n‡eb †MŠZg ey‡×i kvm‡b| GKBfv‡e, †MŠZg ey‡×i kvm‡b †hme kÖveK cÖwZmw¤¢`v Ávb (we‡kølYvZ¥K Ávb) jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, ZvivI AZxZ ey×‡ì kvm‡b ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ PP©v K‡iwQ‡jb| GwUB cÖK…wZi wbqg| PviwU cÖwZmw¤¢ v Ávb n‡”Q : 1. A_©-cÖwZmw¤¢ v Ávb ( A ‡ _ ©i w e‡ køl Y vZ¥ K Ávb ) : Kg©dj m¤úwK©Z

we`k©b Ávb, hv n‡”Q ytL Avh©mZ¨| 2. ag©-cÖwZmw¤¢ v Ávb ( a ‡ g©i w e‡ køl Y vZ¥K Ávb ) : KviY ev †nZz

m¤úwK©Z we`k©b Ávb, hv n‡”Q yt‡Li KviY Avh©mZ¨| 3. wbiæwË-cÖwZmw¤¢ v Ávb ( fvl vi w e‡ køl Y vZ¥ K Ávb ) : fvlvi

e¨vKiY, we‡kl K‡i cvwj e¨vKiY m¤‡Ü Ávb| 4. cÖwZfvY-cÖwZmw¤¢ v Ávb ( w ew fb œ c ÖKvi Áv‡ b i w e‡køl Y vZ¥ K

Ávb ) : we`k©b Ávb hv‡Z K‡i Dch©y³ wZbwU Ávb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq| GB cÖwZmw¤¢ v Ávb jv‡fi cuvPwU KviY Av‡Q : 1. AwaMg ( A R©b ) : GwU n‡”Q An©Ë¡gvM©dj jvf A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv

gvM©dj jvf Kiv| 2. cwiqwË (w Î w c UK kv‡ ¿ `¶ Zv) : ag©xq kv ¿ Aa¨qb Kiv| 3. kÖeY ( †kvb v) : a‡g©i e¨vL¨v g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i Ges kÖ×vi mv‡_

†kvbv| 4. cÖwZcÖkœ ( A b ymÜvb ) : g~j wÎwcUK I A_©K_v¸‡jvi RwUj

cwi‡”Q`¸‡jv m¤‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Kiv| 5. c~e©‡hvM ( A Zx‡ Zi c Ö‡ Pó v) : AZxZ ey×‡ì kvm‡b kg_-we`k©b

fvebv K‡i ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ jvf Kiv| hviv AZxZ ey×‡ì KvQ †_‡K mywbw ©ó †Kv‡bv fwel¨ØvYx cvb wb,

A_P GB kvm‡b fvebv K‡iI wbe©vY jvf K‡ib wb, Gi KviY n‡”Q Zv‡ì cvigx GL‡bv cwic~Y© nq wb| GUvI m¤¢e †h Zviv Avm‡jB GKwU



mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx †c‡q‡Qb, A_ev g‡b g‡b GKUv AvKv•ÿv K‡i‡Qb †h fwel¨r Avh©‰g‡Îq ey‡×i kvm‡b Zviv msmviPµ †_‡K gy³ n‡eb| D`vniY¯iƒc, h‡kvaivi cwiwbe©v‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ yB nvRvi wf¶zYxI cwiwbe©vY jvf K‡iwQj GKB w`‡b| `xc¼i ey‡×i mg‡q Zviv g‡b g‡b AvKv•ÿv K‡iwQj †h kvK¨gywb ey‡×i mg‡q GB msmviPµ †_‡K gy³ n‡e| G Kvi‡Y Zviv msmviP‡µ Ny‡iwQj `xc¼i ey‡×i mgq †_‡K kvK¨gywb ey‡×i mgq ch©šÍ| Zviv †Kv‡bv mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf K‡iwb, †Kej AvKv•ÿv K‡iwQj gvÎ| cÖkœ 4.3 : †Kv‡ b v fveb vKvi x fveb v †Kvm © mgvß Ki j , w Kš ‘ gvM©d j

j vf Ki j b v| Zv‡ Z hw ` Z v i a ¨vb kw ³ K‡ g hvq , w e`k ©b - Áv b I w K Kg‡ e? Zvi w K A c v‡ q R b ¥ † b Iq vi m ¤¢veb v A v‡ Q? DËi 4.3 : Kg‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e GgbUv Lye KgB N‡U| hw` †m `xN©

mgq a‡i fvebv PP©v bv K‡i, Zvi kg_-we`k©b ax‡i ax‡i ye©j n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e K‡g©i kw³ wKš‘ myß Ae ’vq †_‡K hvq|

G wel‡q GKwU NUbv Av‡Q| kÖxj¼vq †Kv‡bv GKUv Dcj‡¶ lvURb wf¶z Ges kÖvgY wg‡j †Kv_vI hvw”Qj| c‡_ GKRb Dcvm‡Ki mv‡_ Zv‡ì †`Lv n‡jv, †h Kqjv Ges Ava‡cvov R¡vjvwb KvV wb‡q hvw”Qj| wKQz wKQz kÖgY GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi mv‡_ nvwmVvÆv KiwQj GB e‡j, ÔG n‡”Q †Zvgvi evevÕ, ÔGwU n‡”Q †Zvgvi PvPvÕ BZ¨vw`| G‡Z DcvmKwUi †gRvR Lvivc n‡q †Mj| †m Kqjv I R¡vjvwb Kv‡Vi †evSv bvwg‡q †i‡L gnv‡_‡iv‡K e›`bv Kij Zv‡K wKQz¶Y _vgv‡bvi Rb¨| Gici †m ejj, Ôf‡šÍ, Avcwb g‡b K‡ib Avcbviv wf¶z n‡q‡Qb †Kej Avcbv‡ì ise‡ ¿i Rb¨B| Avcbvi h‡_ó kg_ I we`k©b Ávb †bB| AvwgI GKmgq wf¶z wQjvg| Avgvi wQj cÖej a¨vbkw³ Ges cÖPÐ A‡jŠwKK kw³|Õ

Gi c‡i †m GKwU MvQ †`wL‡q w`‡q ejj, ÔGB Mv‡Qi wb‡P e‡m Avwg P› ª-m~h©‡K wb‡Ri nvZ w`‡q ai‡Z cviZvg| Avwg P› ª-m~h©‡K w`‡q Avgvi cv gvwjk KivZvg| wKš‘ kg_-we`k©‡bi Kzkjag© ‡jv‡K Ae‡njv Kivi Kvi‡Y ( c gv`) Avgvi a¨vbkw³ K‡g †Mj| †K¬k¸‡jv (g‡bi KjylZv) Avgvi gb‡K fvivµvšÍ K‡i Zzjj| ZvB GLb Avwg GB KvR Kwi| Avgv‡K D`vniY wn‡m‡e †`Lyb, Avi KLbB kg_-we`k©‡bi Kzkjag©‡K Ae‡njv ( c gv`) Ki‡eb bv| `qv K‡i Avgvi g‡Zv nIqvi



†Póv Ki‡eb bv|Õ ZLb †mB wf¶z‡ì g‡a¨ ms‡eM Drcbœ n‡jv| †mLv‡b uvwo‡qB Zviv

kg_-we`k©b fvebv K‡i An©Ë¡ jvf Kij| Kv‡RB kg_-we`k©b nq‡Zv mvgwqKfv‡e Kg‡Z cv‡i cÖgvèkZ| wKš‘ Kg©kw³ †_‡K hvq, webó nq bv|

msmviP‡µ wZbwU MwZc_ a‡i GKRb e¨w³ wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| (Avwg GLv‡b c‡”PK ey×‡ì wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie bv|) wZbwU MwZc_ n‡”Q : (1) †evwamË¡‡ì MwZc_, (2) AMÖkÖveK I gnvkÖveK‡ì MwZc_, Ges (3) mvaviY kÖveK‡ì MwZc_|

(1) Avgv‡ì †evwamË¡ `xc¼i ey‡×i mg‡q Aó mgvcwË (AvUwU a¨vb Íi) Ges cÂvwfÁv (cuvP cÖKvi A‡jŠwKK kw³) jvfx wQ‡jb| G QvovI wZwb ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ we`k©b Ávb PP©v K‡iwQ‡jb| †mB mgq wZwb hw` mwZ¨B wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z PvB‡Zb, Zvn‡j `xc¼i ey‡×i KvQ †_‡K Pvi Avh©m‡Zï GKwU †QvÆ Mv_v ï‡bB ªæZ An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ wZwb †Kej wbe©vYB jvf Ki‡Z Pvb wb, wZwb fwel¨‡Z GKRb ey× nIqvi AvKv•ÿv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges `xc¼i ey× †_‡K Ggb GKwU mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYxI jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|

Pvi AmsL¨ Ges GKj¶ Kí a‡i, †mB `xc¼i ey‡×i mgq †_‡K Kvk¨c ey‡×i mgq ch©šÍ, Avgv‡ì †evwamË¡ bqevi Ab¨vb¨ ey×‡ì wbK‡U wf¶z n‡qwQ‡jb| wf¶z wn‡m‡e Zvi wk¶vi g‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨Kev‡i AšÍf©z³ wQj wb‡gœv³ mvZwU AbykxjbixwZ :

1. wÎwcUK kv ¿ Ave„wËi gva¨‡g Aa¨qb Kiv, 2. Pvwi cwiïw× kx‡j weï× _vKv, 3. †ZiwU ayZv½ Abykxjb Kiv, 4. me mgq AviwY¨K ayZv½avix nIqv, 5. Aó mgvcwËjvfx nIqv, 6. cÂ AwfÁvjvfx nIqv, 7. ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ we`k©b fvebv Kiv| †evwamË¡‡ì GwUB ixwZ| me©ÁZv Ávb jv‡fi Rb¨ GB cvigx¸‡jv

Aek¨B c~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ Zvi cvigx c~Y© nIqvi Av‡M, A_©vr †mB ey× nIqvi fwel¨ØvYxi mgq †_‡K ivRKzgvi wm×v_© wn‡m‡e R‡b¥i AvM ch©šÍ Avgv‡ì †evwamË¡‡K gv‡S gv‡S wZh©K Kz‡j (cïcvwLi RMr) Rb¥



wb‡Z n‡q‡Q AZx‡Zi AKzkj K‡g©i Kvi‡Y| wf¶z wn‡m‡e Rxeb KvUv‡bv Ges cïcvwL wn‡m‡e Rxeb KvUv‡bv, y‡Uvi g‡a¨ eû ~i eëavb| wKš‘ GwUB †evwam‡Ë¡i MwZc_|

(2) K‡qKRb cÖavb An©r kÖveK, †hgb mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ I gnv‡gv¹jøvb f‡šÍ, ZvivI mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx †c‡qwQ‡jb| Zviv †c‡qwQ‡jb A‡bvg`k©x ey‡×i KvQ †_‡K| wKš‘ ZLb †_‡K Avgv‡ì ey‡×i mgq ch©šÍ ZvivI gv‡S gv‡S cïcvwLi RM‡Z Rb¥ wb‡q‡Qb AKzkj K‡g©i Kvi‡Y, gv‡S gv‡S Avgv‡ì †evwam‡Ë¡i mv‡_I GK‡Î Rb¥ wb‡q‡Qb| Avgv‡ì ey‡×i mg‡q Zviv Pvwi cÖwZmw¤¢`vcÖvß An©r n‡q‡Qb| G ai‡bi An©r‡ì Aek¨B kg_-we`k©b fvebvq ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ `¶ n‡Z nq AZxZ ey×‡ì kvmbvg‡j| GwUB cÖK…wZi wbqg| wKš‘ hwÌ Zviv A‡bK AZxZ R‡b¥ kg_-we`k©b fvebv K‡iwQ‡jb, gv‡Sg‡a¨ Avgv‡ì †evwam‡Ë¡i mv‡_ Zv‡ìI cïcvwLi RM‡Z Rb¥ wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| GwU n‡”Q AMÖkÖveK I gnvkÖve‡Ki MwZc_|

(3) mvaviY kÖve‡Kiv, Zviv hw` cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c kg_-we`k©b fvebvi PP©v K‡ib G‡Kev‡i cÖZ¨q-cwiMÖn-Ávb (†nZz-cÖZ¨q m¤‡Ü Ávb) ch©šÍ, A_ev D`q-e¨qÁvb ch©šÍ, A_ev ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ, ZLb Zviv g„Zzï c‡i Avi Acv‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib bv, hwÌ Zviv G Rxe‡b gvM©dj jvf bvI Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv Aek¨ ¯‡M© Rb¥ wb‡Z cv‡ib, †hgb : kÖgY †ècy‡Îi K_v aiv hvq|

kÖgY †ècyÎ wQj GKRb wf¶z †h kg_-we`k©b fvebv K‡iwQj Lye AvšÍwiKZvi mv‡_| †m fvebv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z gviv †Mj Ges †è‡jv‡K Rb¥ wbj| †m RvbZ bv †h †m gviv †M‡Q, ZvB †m †è‡jv‡KI Zvi †ècÖvmv‡` a¨vb Ki‡Z jvMj| Zvi cÖvmv‡ì †èxiv eyS‡Z cvij †h †m wbðqB c~e©R‡b¥ wf¶z wQj| ZvB Zviv Zvi mvg‡b GKwU Avqbv †i‡L w`j Ges kã Kij| kã ï‡b †m †PvL Ly‡j ZvKvj I Avqbvq Zvi †Pnviv †`Lj| †m Lye nZvk n‡jv, †Kbbv †m †èZv n‡Z Pvq wb, †m †P‡qwQj †Kej wbe©vY|

ZvB †m Zr¶Yvr ey‡×i Kv‡Q †Mj ag©‡`kbv ïb‡Z| ey× ZLb Pvi Avh©mZ¨ m¤úwK©Z †`kbv w`w”Q‡jb| †`kbv †kvbvi c‡i †m †mªvZvcwË gvM©dj jvf Kij| A_©K_vq Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q : Ô... j ×¯m v‡ m v

j ×c w Z‡ UVv w b q ZMw Z‡ Kv P‚j ‡ m vZvc ‡ bœv b vg †n vw Z |Õ †m nuvd †Q‡o



euvPj| KviY, †m Gevi GKwU wbivc` ’vb Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Q, Zvi GLb wbwðZ myMwZ| ZvB Zv‡K ejv nq P‚j-†mªvZvcbœ|

hviv gvbe RM‡Z _vKvi mg‡q P‚j †mªvZvcbœ nq Zv‡ì †¶‡Î PviwU wRwbm NU‡Z cv‡i| ey× †mvZvbyMZ my‡Ë e‡j‡Qb †mB PviwUi K_v :

1. †è‡jv‡K Rb¥ wb‡jI ag©‡K fvevi mv‡_ mv‡_ we`k©b Ávb Zvi Kv‡Q cwi®‹vi n‡q I‡V Ges †m ªæZ wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|

2. hw` †m we`k©b Ávb wb‡q ag©‡K wPšÍv K‡iI wbe©vY bv cvq, Zvn‡j Fw×gvb †Kv‡bv wf¶z †è‡jv‡K G‡m ag©‡`kbv Ki‡j †mB †`kbv †kvbvi mgq †m wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|

3. hw` wf¶z †_‡K †`kbv †kvbvi my‡hvM bv †g‡j, Z‡e ag©Kw_K †ècyÎ †hgb mbrKzgvi eªþv BZ¨vw`‡ì KvQ †_‡K ag© †kvbvi my‡hvM †c‡j †mB †`kbv ï‡b †m wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|

4. hw` ag©Kw_K †ècyÎ‡ì KvQ †_‡KI ag©‡`kbv †kvbvi my‡hvM bv nq, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv Zvi eÜy‡ì mv‡_ †`Lv n‡Z cv‡i hviv AZx‡Z †Kv‡bv ey‡×i kvm‡b Zvi mv_x wf¶z wQj| D`vniY¯iƒc, †mB eÜyiv Zv‡K ej‡Z cv‡i : ÔAv‡i †`v Í, a‡g©i GwU ev IwU †Zvgvi ¯§iY nq wK, †h¸‡jv Avgiv gvbe RM‡Z wf¶z n‡q _vKvi mgq PP©v K‡iwQjvg?Õ †m ZLb ag©‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z cv‡i, Avi hw` we`k©b PP©v K‡i Z‡e Lye ªæZ wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|

ZvB mvaviY kÖveK n‡j hw` †m GB Rxe‡b gvM©dj bv cvq, ZeyI wbwðZ †m fwel¨‡Z wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

g„Zzï mg‡q fvebvKvixi we`k©b ev kg_ nq‡Zv kw³kvjx bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ kg_-we`k©‡bi kw³kvjx Kzkj K‡g©i Kvi‡Y GKwU fv‡jv wbwgË g‡bvØv‡i Avwef©‚Z nq| †mB fv‡jv wbwgË‡K welqe ‘ K‡i g„Zz¨ n‡Z cv‡i, Avi Kzkj K‡g©i Kvi‡Y wbwðZ †m GKwU fv‡jv RvqMvq Rb¥ †b‡e Ges †mLv‡b †m wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

Z‡e hw` †m giYvmbœ RebwPË ch©šÍ we`k©b PP©v K‡i _v‡K, Zvn‡j †m n‡e †mvZvbyMZ my‡Ë DwjøwLZ cÖ_g `‡ji e¨w³| Zv bv n‡j, Avwg †hgbUv e‡jwQ, †m n‡Z cv‡i †mvZvbyMZ my‡Ë DwjøwLZ wØZxq, Z…Zxq A_ev PZz_© `‡ji e¨w³| cÖkœ 4.4 : † Kv‡ b v fveb v Kvi x fveb v † Kvm © †kl K‡ i I w b e© vY j vf

Ki j b v, †m w K a g©w ’w Z- Ávb ( N Ub v- c i ¤úi v Ávb) j vf Ki‡ Z c vi ‡ e?



hw ` c v‡ i , † Zv †m Uv w K A vevi K‡ g †h‡ Z c v‡ i ? DËi 4.4 : nu¨v, †m cv‡i| Ôc ~‡ eŸ †L v mymxgv a ¤§w UVw ZTv Y s c ” Q v

w b eŸ v‡ b TvY sÕ, A_©vr ag©w ’wZÁvb Av‡m cÖ_‡g, wbe©vY‡K welqe ‘ K‡i gvM©Ávb Av‡m Gi c‡i| GwU wQj mymx‡gi cÖwZ ey‡×i wb‡ ©k| mymxg wQj GKRb cwieªvRK (feNy‡i mbœ vmx), †h ag©‡K ÔPzwiÕ K‡i wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ wf¶z n‡qwQj| wKš‘, ey× †`‡LwQ‡jb †h †m K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ wbe©vY jvf Ki‡e, ZvB wZwb Zv‡K wf¶zms‡N MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|

mymxg ï‡bwQj †h A‡bK An©r wf¶z ey‡×i Kv‡Q G‡m Zv‡ì An©‡Ë¡i K_v Rvwb‡q‡Q| mymxg Zv‡ì wR‡Ám K‡i‡Q Zviv Aó mgvcwË Ges cÂ AwfÁv †c‡q‡Q wK bv| Zviv DËi w`‡qwQj, ÔbvÕ|

Ô†Zvgv‡ì hw` Aó mgvcwË bv _v‡K, cÂ AwfÁv bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j Kxfv‡e †Zvgiv An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡j?Õ

Zviv DËi w`‡qwQj, Ôc TTvw egyËv †L v gq s A vey‡ m v m ymx g| Õ A_©vr eÜy mymxg, Avgiv †K¬kgy³ Ges ï×-we`k©‡bi c_ ( my×- w ec ¯m b v-

q vw b K) a‡i An©Ë¡ jvf K‡iwQ| †m GwU eySj bv, ZvB †m ey×‡K GKB cÖkœ wR‡Ám Kij| ey× ej‡jb, Ôc y‡ eŸ †L v m ymxgv a ¤§w UVw Z TvY s c ” Q v w b eŸ v‡ b TvY sÕ, A_©vr NUbv-ci¤úiv Ávb Av‡m cÖ_‡g, wbe©vY‡K welqe¯‘ K‡i gvM©Ávb Av‡m Gi c‡i|

Gi gv‡b Kx? gvM©Ávb †Kv‡bv Aó mgvcwË Ges cÂ AwfÁvi dj bq, GwU n‡”Q we`k©b Áv‡bi dj| ZvB gvM©Ávb Av‡m †Kej we`k©b Áv‡bi c‡iB| Aó mgvcwË Ges cÂ AwfÁvi c‡i bq| GB mymxg my‡Ë mKj we`k©b Ávb¸‡jv‡K NUbv-ci¤úiv Ávb wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| NUbv-ci¤úiv Ávb n‡”Q mg Í ms¯‹vi a‡g©i AwbZ¨, ytLgq Ges AbvZ¥ ¯fv‡ei we`k©b Ávb, †hLv‡b ms¯‹vi ag©¸‡jv n‡”Q bvg, iƒc Ges Zv‡ì †nZzmg~n| Gfv‡eB NUbv-ci¤úiv Ávb cÖ_‡g Av‡m, Gi c‡i wbe©vY‡K welqe ‘ K‡i gvM©Ávb Av‡m|

Gi c‡i ey× wÎcwieZ©-a‡g©i Dci ag©‡`kbv w`‡jb, hv A‡bKUv AbvZ¥j¶Y my‡Ëi g‡Zv| †`kbv †k‡l mymxg An©Ë¡ jvf Kij, hwÌ †m Aó mgvcwË ev cÂ AwfÁv jvf K‡i wb| †mI ï×-we`k©K n‡q †Mj| ZLb †m cwi®‹vifv‡e ey‡×i †`kbv eyS‡Z cvij|

hw` fvebvKvix GB NUbv-ci¤úiv Ávb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j hwÌ †m GB Rxe‡b wbe©vYjvf Ki‡Z cv‡i wb, Zvi we`k©b Ávb Kg‡e



bv| Zvi myß we`k©b Kg©kw³ GL‡bv kw³kvjx| hw` †m mvaviY kÖveK nq, Zvn‡j AvMvgx R‡b¥B †m wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ 4.5 : Dc Pvi a ¨vb w b ‡ q I w K †j v‡ KvËi A e ’vq Dc b xZ n Iq v

hvq ? DËi 4.5 : nu¨v, cviv hvq| DcPvi a¨v‡bI D¾¡j, `xwßgvb Av‡jv

Av‡Q| †mB Av‡jvq GKRb e¨w³ Kjvç‡jv‡K †`L‡Z cv‡i, cigv_© iƒc‡K †`L‡Z cv‡i, cigv_© bvg‡K †`L‡Z cv‡i, Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡KI Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gici †m av‡c av‡c we`k©b fvebvi c‡_ AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ 4.6 : †Kej ¶w Y K mgvw a w `‡ q I w K †e`b vb y¯ §„w Z fveb vi gva ¨‡ g

†j v‡ KvËi A e ’v j vf Ki v hvq ? DËi 4.6 : GLv‡b Avgv‡ì ¶wYK mgvwa Kx Zv eySv cÖ‡qvRb| `y

ai‡bi ¶wYK mgvwa Av‡Q : kg_ fvebvi ¶wYK mgvwa Ges we`k©b fvebvi ¶wYK mgvwa| kg_ fvebvq wZb ai‡bi mgvwa Av‡Q : ¶wYK mgvwa (GK ai‡bi cwiKg© mgvwa), DcPvi mgvwa (Ac©Yv mgvwai c~e©avc ev cÖ‡ekKvjxb mgvwa) Ges Ac©Yv mgvwa (Ac©Yv mgvwa)| ¶wYK mgvwa ej‡Z we‡kl K‡i eySv‡bv nq †mB mgvwa‡K hv cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K Zvi welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e †bq, †hgb, Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| GwU n‡”Q DcPvi mgvwai Av‡Mi mgvwa| GwU n‡”Q kg_hvbxi ( mg_ - q vwb K) Rb¨|

ï×-we`k©b hvbxi Rb¨ Ab¨ GK ai‡bi ¶wYK mgvwa i‡q‡Q| GKRb ï×-we`k©bhvbx mPivPi Pvi avZz fvebv w`‡q ïiæ K‡ib DcPvi mgvwa A_ev ¶wYK mgvwa jv‡fi Rb¨, Ges Kjvc I Kjv‡ci ga¨Kvi PviwU avZz‡K †`Lvi Rb¨| w em yw ×g¹ GwU‡K DcPvi mgvwa e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i| wKš‘ wemyw×g‡¹i UxKv e‡j †h GwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii DcPvi mgvwa bq, GwU‡K DcPvi mgvwa ejvUv iƒcKxq K_vevZ©v gvÎ| KviY, mwZ¨Kv‡ii DcPvi mgvwa n‡”Q Ac©Yv mgvwai Lye KvQvKvwQ|

hw` †Kv‡bv fvebvKvix Pvi avZz fvebv PP©v K‡i, Zvn‡j †m a¨vb jvf Ki‡e bv, KviY cÖ‡Z¨K Kjv‡c Pvi avZz‡K †`LvUv LyeB KwVb| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c cÖ‡Z¨K Kjv‡ci Pvi avZzi Dci g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY Kjvç‡jv Drcbœ nIqvgvÎB wejxb n‡q hvq| ZvB †Kv‡bv e¨w³B Mfxifv‡e g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖ‡Z¨K Kjv‡ci Pvi avZz n‡”Q cigv_© iƒc| GwU Mfxi Ges wbM~p, Ges h‡_ó g‡bv‡hvM bv



_vK‡j †m¸‡jv‡K mn‡R cwi®‹vifv‡e †`Lv hvq bv| G Kvi‡Y DcPvi mgvwa, †hLv‡b welqe ‘ n‡”Q cÖ‡Z¨K Kjv‡ci Pvi avZz, †mwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii DcPvi mgvwa bq| GwU Avm‡j ¶wYK mgvwa| we`k©‡bI ¶wYK mgvwa Av‡Q| wemyw×g‡¹i Avbvcvb fvebvi cwi‡”Q‡` Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| hLb †Kv‡bv cÖ_g a¨vbjvfx kg_hvbx e¨w³ we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Z Pvq, †m cÖ_g a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i| GwU n‡”Q kg_| Gici †m G †_‡K †ewi‡q Av‡m, Ges cÖ_g a¨v‡bi †PŠwÎkwU ˆPZwmK‡K †`‡L, Gici GB a¨vbRvZ ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi ( Svb - a ¤§) D`q-e¨q ¯fve †`Lvi gva¨‡g †m¸‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytLgq Ges AbvZ¥‡K †`‡L| †m wØZxq Ges Ab¨vb¨ a¨vb¸‡jv‡ZI GKBfv‡e PP©v K‡i|

†m¸‡jv †`Lvi mg‡q ZL‡bv mgvwa we`¨gvb _v‡K| †m †mB a¨vbRvZ ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytL I AwbZ¨ ¯fv‡ei cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`q| Zvi †mB mgvwa †mB mg‡q Mfxi Ges e¨vcK| †mwU Ab¨ †Kv‡bv welqe ‘i w`‡K avweZ nq bv| GwU n‡”Q ¶wYK mgvwa, KviY mgvwai welqe ‘I ¶wYK; DrcwË nIqvgvÎB wejxb n‡q hvq|

GKBfv‡e, hLb fvebvKvix we`k©b PP©v Ki‡Z wM‡q cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytLgq I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K †`‡Lb, ZLb mvaviYZ Zvi gb welqe ‘i evB‡i hvq bv| Zvi gb ZLb †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv ¯fv‡e Wz‡e _v‡K| GwU‡KI ¶wYK mgvwa ejv nq| GLv‡b Avcbvi †R‡b ivLv DwPZ †h we`k©‡bi ¶wYK mgvwa n‡”Q cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c †`Lv| cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv bv †`L‡j Kxfv‡e †mUv we`k©‡bi ¶wYK mgvwa n‡e? GwU Am¤¢e| AZGe, fvebvKvix hw` †Kv‡bv kg_ a¨vb QvovB cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡cI cwi®‹vifv‡e †`‡L, Zvn‡j Aek¨B kg_ fvebv Kivi Zvi ìKvi †bB| wKš‘ hw` †m cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K bv †`‡L, Zvn‡j Zvi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU kg_ fvebv Kiv DwPZ, hv‡Z K‡i h‡_ó mgvwa jvf K‡i †m¸‡jv †`L‡Z mg_© nq|

LÜ-mshy³ Ges mZ¨-mshy³‡Z ey× e‡j‡Qb, Ômgvw a s w fKL ‡ e fv‡ e_ , mgvw n ‡ Zv w fK&L y q _ vf‚Zs c R vb vw Z|Õ A_©vr wf¶zMY, †Zvgv‡ì mgvwa M‡o †Zvjv DwPZ| mgvwa h‡_ó cwigv‡Y M‡o DV‡j †Zvgiv cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K h_vh_fv‡e †`L‡Z mg_© n‡e|



Zvn‡j Avcwb cÂ¯‹Ü I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv †`L‡Z mg_© n‡eb| Avcwb Zv‡ì AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve †`L‡Z mg_© n‡eb| Avcwb An©Ë¡gv‡M© I cwiwbe©v‡Yi mgq Zv‡ì wb‡iva †`L‡Z mg_© n‡eb|

ZvB cÂ¯‹Ü, Zv‡ì KviY Ges Zv‡ì wb‡iva‡K Rvb‡Z n‡j mgvwai PP©v Kiv DwPZ| GKBfv‡e Pvwi Avh©mZ¨‡K Rvb‡Z n‡jI mgvwa Af¨vm Kiv DwPZ| †mUvB mZ¨-mshy‡³ ejv n‡q‡Q|

hw` fvebvKvix †Kej †e`bv¸‡jv †`L‡Z Pvq, Zvn‡j Zvi wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vKv DwPZ : Ôm eŸ s w fKL ‡ e A b w fR vb s

A c w i - R vb s A w ei vR q s A àRn s A f‡ eŸ v yKL KL q vq ... ( †c ) ... meŸ Â †L v w fKL ‡ e A w fR vb s c w i R vb s w ei vR q s c R n s f‡ eŸ v y K L KL q vq |Õ A_©vr wf¶zMY, hw` †Kv‡bv wf¶z mKj bvg, iƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv m¤‡Ü wZb ai‡bi cwiÁv (c~Y© Dcjwä) Øviv bv Rv‡b, Zvn‡j †m wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GwU n‡”Q mshy³wbKv‡qi lovqZb-e‡M©i

A c w i R vbb myË †_‡K| GKBfv‡e, mZ¨-e‡M©i K‚UvMvi m y‡ Ë ejv n‡q‡Q †h Pvwi Avh©mZ¨‡K

we`k©b Ávb I gvM©Ávb w`‡q bv Rvb‡j msmvi ytL AwZµg Kiv hvq bv| ZvB hw` fvebvKvix wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvi Aek¨B mKj bvg, iƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K wZb cÖKvi cwiÁv Øviv Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡e|

wZb cÖKvi cwiÁv Kx Kx? †m¸‡jv n‡”Q : 1. ÁvZ-cwiÁv (ÁvZ wn‡m‡e cwic~Y© Dcjwä) : GwU n‡”Q bvgiƒc

cwi‡”Q` Ávb (bvgiƒc we‡kølYvZ¥K Ávb) Ges cÖZ¨q-cwiMÖn Ávb (†nZz-cÖZ¨q †`Lvi Ávb)| G¸‡jv n‡”Q we`k©b Ávb hv w`‡q mKj cigv_© bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq| 2. ZxiY-cwiÁv (AbymÜv‡bi Øviv cwic~Y© Dcjwä) : GwU n‡”Q

msgk©b Ávb (Dcjwäi Ávb) Ges D`q-e¨q Ávb| GB ywU we`k©b Ávb cwi®‹vifv‡e cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytL I AwbZ¨ ¯fve‡K ey‡S †bq| 3. cÖnvb-cwiÁv (cwiZ¨v‡Mi Øviv cwic~Y© Dcjwä) : GwU n‡”Q f½-

Ávb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i gvM©Ávb ch©šÍ D”P Í‡ii we`k©b Ávb¸‡jv| AcwiRvbb myÎ Ges K‚UvMvi m~‡Îi wk¶v LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| AZGe,

†Kv‡bv fvebvKvix hw` †e`bvby`k©b w`‡q we`k©b fvebv ïiæ Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvn‡j Zv‡K wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jv ¯§iY Ki‡Z n‡e : Zvi Aek¨B cigv_©



iƒc‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e; †Kej †e`bv‡K wPb‡jB n‡e bv| Zvi Aek¨B AviI wPb‡Z n‡e QqØv‡ii wPËexw_¸‡jvi (wPšÍvi cÖwµqv) †e`bv m¤úwK©Z ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K|

†Kb? KviY, ey× e‡j‡Qb, †h‡Kv‡bv wf¶z hw` mKj bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K wZb cÖKvi cwiÁv Øviv bv Rv‡b, †m wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe, fvebvKvixi c‡¶ †Kej †e`bv Abyfe KivB h‡_ó bq, †hgb : cigv_© bvgiƒc‡K cy•Lvbycy•Lfv‡e bv wP‡b †Kej ytL‡e`bv‡K †PbvUv h‡_ó bq| GLv‡b Ôh‡_ó bqÕ gv‡b n‡”Q †m wbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| cÖkœ 4.7 : ey × gn vb A n ©r w Q‡ j b | Zvi m v‡ _ m v‡ _ Zu vi w kl ï v, †hgb

m vw i cyÎ f‡ š Í Ges gn v‡ gv ¹j øvb f‡ š Í, Zv‡ ì c v_ ©K¨ †Kv_ vq ? Zu vi vI † Z v A n ©r w Q‡ j b | DËi 4.7 : ey‡×i An©‡Ë¡i gvM© me mgq me©ÁZv Áv‡bi mv‡_

m¤úK©hy³, wKš‘ Zuvi wkl¨‡ì An©‡Ë¡i gvM© †Zv Zv bq| A_©vr, AMÖkÖveK-†evwa, gnvkÖveK-†evwa ev mvaviY kÖveK-†evwa, G¸‡jv gv‡S gv‡S Pvi cÖwZmw¤¢ v Ávb (we‡kølY Ávb), Qq AwfÁv (QqwU mivmwi Ávb) Ges gv‡S gv‡S wÎwe`¨v, A_ev gv‡S gv‡S ï× An©Ë¡gv‡M©i mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ me©ÁZv Áv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ bq| D`vniY¯iƒc, mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ Ges gnv‡gv¹jøvb f‡šÍi An©‡Ë¡i gvM© me©ÁZv Áv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ wQj bv| Ab¨w`‡K ey‡×i An©Ë¡gvM© †Kej me©ÁZv Áv‡bi mv‡_B m¤úK©hy³ wQj bv, Zv Ab¨vb¨ Ávb Ges Ab¨vb¨ ey×¸Yvejxi mv‡_I m¤úK©hy³ wQj|

Av‡iKUv welq n‡”Q †h, ey×MY cvigx c~Y© nIqvi Kvi‡Y gvM©, dj I me©ÁZv Ávb jvf K‡ib wb‡R wb‡RB, †Kv‡bv ¸iæ Qvov| wKš‘ GKRb wkl¨ †Kej ey×, A_ev Zvi †Kv‡bv wkl¨ †_‡K Pvwi Avh©mZ¨ m¤úwK©Z ag©‡`kbv ï‡b Z‡eB gvM©dj jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv †m¸‡jv ¸iæ Qvov wb‡R wb‡R fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| GB n‡”Q cv_©K¨| cÖkœ 4.8 : A šÍi - fe ev A š Íe©Z©x R xeb Kx? DËi 4.8 : †_iev`x wÎwcUK Abymv‡i AšÍi-fe ev gaëZ©x Rxeb

ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wRwbm †bB| Pz¨wZwPË (g„Zzï †kl gyn~‡Z©i wPË) I cÖwZmwÜ wP‡Ëi ga¨Lv‡b †Kv‡bv wPË¶Y †bB, A_ev Ggb wKQz †bB †hUv‡K gaëZ©x Rxeb ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ g„Zzï c‡i †è‡jv‡K Rb¥



wb‡j Zvi Pz¨wZwPË I †è‡jv‡K cÖwZmwÜwP‡Ëi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wPË¶Y ev gaëZ©x Rxe‡bi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv wKQz _vK‡e bv| hLbB g„Zz¨ N‡U, ZLbB †è-cÖwZmwÜwP‡Ëi Rb¥ nq| GKBfv‡e hw` †KD g„Zzï c‡i bi‡K †cuŠQvq, Zvi Pz¨wZwPË I bi‡Ki cÖwZmwÜwP‡Ëi g‡a¨ gaëZ©x Rxeb ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQz _vK‡e bv| †m g„Zzï c‡i mivmwi bi‡KB hv‡e|

gaëZ©x Rxe‡bi aviYvUv Av‡m mvaviYZ hLb †KD g‡i hvq, wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ †cÖZ‡jv‡K Rb¥ †bq Ges Avevi gvbyl wn‡m‡e Rb¥MÖnY K‡i| Zviv nq‡Zv Zv‡ì †cÖZ‡jv‡Ki RxebUv‡K gaëZ©x Rxe‡bi g‡Zv g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ GwU cÖK…Zc‡¶ gaëZ©x Rxe‡bi g‡Zv wKQz bq| Avm‡j hv N‡U Zv n‡jv : gvbeR‡b¥i Pz¨wZwP‡Ëi c‡i †cÖZ‡jv‡Ki cÖwZmwÜ wPË Av‡m| †cÖZ‡jv‡Ki Pz¨wZwP‡Ëi c‡i Avevi gvbeR‡b¥i cÖwZmwÜwPË Av‡m| †jvKwU Zvi AKzkjK‡g©i Kvi‡Y †Kej mvgvb¨ mg‡qi Rb¨ †cÖZ‡jv‡K ytL †fvM K‡iwQj| hLb Zvi AKzkjK‡g©i Kg©kw³ dzwi‡q Avmj, ZLb KzkjK‡g©i cwicK¡Zvi Kvi‡Y †m Avevi gvbeR‡b¥i cÖwZmwÜwPË MÖnY Kij|

†cÖZ‡jv‡Ki Ggb msw¶ß Rxeb‡K †KD †KD gaëZ©x Rxeb e‡j fzj K‡i, KviY Zviv msmviP‡µi ev ÍeZv‡K †`‡L bv A_ev cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K †`‡L bv| hw` Zviv we`k©b Ávb w`‡q cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K †`LZ, Zvn‡j Ggb wg_¨v wek¦vm D‡e †hZ| ZvB Avwg civgk© †è †h Avcbviv Avcbv‡ì wbR wbR we`k©b Ávb w`‡q cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K `k©b Kiæb| ZLb Avcbvi gb †_‡K gaëZ©x Rxeb-welqK cÖkœ DavI n‡q hv‡e| cÖkœ 4.9 : A vb vc vb ¯§„w Z I Pv i a vZz fveb vi c ×w Z w K GKB ? †Kb

A vgv‡ ì A vb vc vb ¯§„w Zi c ‡ i B †Kej Pvi a vZz fveb v P P©v Ki ‡ Z n q ? DËi 4.9 : bv, c×wZ¸‡jv GK bq| hw` Avcwb we`k©b PP©v Ki‡Z

Pvb, Avcbv‡K Aek¨B cÖ_‡g bvgiƒc‡K wPb‡Z n‡e| wØZxqZ, Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K wPb‡Z n‡e| iƒc‡K wPb‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Pvi avZz fvebv Ki‡Z n‡e| we`k©‡b y ai‡bi fvebv Av‡Q : iƒcvby`k©b fvebv Ges bvgvby`k©b fvebv|

ey× hLb iƒcvby`k©b fvebv wk¶v w`‡Zb, wZwb me mgq Pvi avZz fvebv wk¶v w`‡Zb, ms‡¶‡c A_ev we ÍvwiZfv‡e| ZvB, Avcwb hw` iƒc‡K wPb‡Z Pvb, Avcbv‡K Aek¨B ey‡×i wb‡ ©k Abymv‡i fvebv Ki‡Z



n‡e| Pvi avZz fvebv me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq Avbvcvb fvebvi PZz_© a¨v‡bi Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mnvqZvq, KviY GwU Avgv‡ì cigv_© iƒc, cigv_© bvg I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e †`L‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

wKš‘ Avcwb hw` Avbvcvb fvebvi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv kg_ fvebv Ki‡Z bv Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcwb mivmwi Pvi avZz fvebv PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| Avgiv †mwU wb‡q Av‡Mi cÖ‡kœ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| cÖkœ 4.10 : †mq v` w K fveb vi mgq †`L v A v‡ j vi e¨vc v‡ i

w eÁvb m ¤§Zfv‡ e GKUz e¨vL ¨v Ki ‡ Z c vi ‡ eb , w cøR ? DËi 4.10 : fvebvi mgq †`Lv Av‡jv Kx? cÖ‡Z¨KwU wPË, hv

ü`qev¯‘i Dci wbf©i K‡i Drcbœ nq, Zv wPËR-iƒc (wPË Øviv Drcbœ iƒc) Drcbœ K‡i, †h¸‡jv‡K ejv nq Kjvc| GKwU wPË A‡bK¸‡jv wPËR Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i| ü`qev ‘-wbf©i wPË¸‡jv, kg_-fvebvi wPË¸‡jv Ges we`k©b-fvebvi wPË¸‡jv LyeB cÖej I kw³kvjx| Zviv A‡bK A‡bK Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i| †mB Kjvç‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j Avgiv AvU cÖKvi iƒc †`L‡Z cvB| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q : c„w_exavZz, AvcavZz, †ZRavZz, evqyavZz, eY©, MÜ, im Ges IR| eY©iƒcwU n‡”Q D¾¡j| hw` kg_ Ges we`k©b fvebvi wPË¸‡jv kw³kvjx nq, eY©I D¾¡j nq| †h‡nZz Kjvç‡jv GKB mv‡_ Ges µgvš‡q Drcbœ nq, GK Kjv‡ci eY© Ges Av‡iKwU Kjv‡ci eY© Lye KvQvKvwQ GK‡Î Drcbœ nq, A‡bKUv ê z¨wZK ev‡j¦i g‡a¨ †hgbUv nq, hvi Kvi‡Y Av‡jvi DrcwË nq|

Avevi, kg_ Ges we`k©b-fvebv wPË¸‡jv Øviv Drcbœ Kjvç‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z _v‡K †ZRavZz, †mwUI A‡bK bZzb Kjvc Drcbœ K‡i| G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq FZzR iƒc (ZvcgvÎv Øviv Drcbœ iƒc), KviY Zviv †ZRavZz Øviv m„ó, Avi GB †ZRavZz n‡”Q FZz ev ZvcgvÎv| GwU †Kej Af¨šÍixYfv‡e N‡U bv, evwn¨Kfv‡eI N‡U| hLb Avgiv GB Kjvç‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kwi, ZLb †mLv‡b †mB GKB AvU cÖKvi iƒc _v‡K : c„w_exavZz, AvcavZz, †ZRavZz, evqyavZz, eY©, MÜ, im Ges IR| GLv‡bI eY© Av‡Q| kg_ Ges we`k©b-fvebvi wPË¸‡jvi kw³i Kvi‡Y †mB eY©I D¾¡j nq| ZvB GKwU e‡Y©i D¾¡jZv Ges Av‡iKwU e‡Y©i D¾¡jZv Lye KvQvKvwQ mg‡q GK‡Î Drcbœ nq, ê z¨wZK ev‡j¦i g‡a¨ Av‡jvi DrcwË nIqvi g‡Zv|

wPËR iƒc Ges FZzR iƒ‡ci Av‡jv GKmv‡_ Avwef©‚Z nq| wPËR



eY©iƒc †Kej Af¨šÍixYfv‡e Drcbœ nq, wKš‘ FZzR eY©iƒc Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K Dfqfv‡e Drcbœ nq Ges PZzw ©‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| kg_ I we`k©b fvebv-wPË¸‡jvi kw³i Dc‡i wbf©i K‡i GB Av‡jv cy‡iv Pµevj‡KI Av‡jvwKZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, A_ev ZviI †ewk ~i †h‡Z cv‡i| GKRb ey‡×i bvgiƒc cwi‡”Q` Ávb †h Av‡jv Drcbœ K‡i, Zv‡Z `k nvRvi Pµevj (gnvwek¦) Av‡jvwKZ nq| Abyiæ× f‡šÍi wè¨P¶z-wPËRvZ Av‡jv GK nvRvi Pµevj‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡iwQj| Ab¨vb¨ kÖveK‡ì we`k©b ÁvbRvZ Av‡jv Zv‡ì kg_ Ges we`k©b fvebv-wPË¸‡jvi kw³i Dc‡i wbf©i K‡i GK †hvRb, yB †hvRb BZ¨vw` ~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| mvaviYZ A‡bK fvebvKvix hLb D`q-e¨q Áv‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvq, Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h GB Av‡jv n‡”Q GK¸”Q Kjvc gvÎ| kg_ fvebvi mgq Zviv ZL‡bv eyS‡Z cv‡i bv †h GB Av‡jv n‡”Q Kjv‡ci ¸”Q, KviY Kjvç‡jv Lye m~²| †Kej kg_ fvebv Kivi mg‡q Kjvç‡jv‡K eySv Ges †`Lv mnR bq| hw` Avcwb wbwðZfv‡e Rvb‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcbvi D`q-e¨qÁvb AR©‡bi †Póv Kiv DwPZ| †mUvB n‡”Q fvebvi mgq †`Lv Av‡jv‡K eySvi me‡P‡q êÁvwbK c×wZ| cÖkœ 4.11 : hvi v †`‡ n i ew Îkw U A s‡ ki fveb v K‡ i ‡ Q Z vi v w K

A b ¨R ‡ b i †fZ‡ i i A sk¸‡ j vI †PvL †L vj v †i ‡ L †`L ‡ Z c v‡ i? DËi 4.11 : GwU A‡bK wKQzi Dci wbf©i K‡i| bexbiv †PvL †Lvjv

†i‡L †Kej evB‡ii Ask¸‡jv †`L‡Z cv‡i| Zviv †fZ‡ii Ask¸‡jv †`L‡Z cv‡i †Kej Zv‡ì we`k©b ÁvbP¶z w`‡q| hw` Avcwb GwU‡K weÁvbm¤§Zfv‡e Rvb‡Z Pvb, `qv K‡i wb‡Ri we`k©b Ávb w`‡q †`Lvi †Póv Kiæb|

GK gnv‡_‡iv Aek¨ Zvi Av‡Mi PP©vi Kvi‡Y †PvL †Lvjv †i‡LB †fZ‡ii K¼vj †`L‡Z cvi‡Zb| GB gnv‡_‡iv wQ‡jb gnvwZl¨ f‡šÍ, whwb wQ‡jb K¼vj fvebvq my`¶| gnvwZl¨ f‡šÍ me mgq weiƒcZv-fvebv wn‡m‡e Af¨šÍixY K¼vj-fvebv K‡i cÖ_g a¨vb PP©v K‡i Gici we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Zb| wZwb bvgiƒc, Zv‡ì KviY, Zv‡ì AwbZ¨, ytL I AwbZ¨ ¯fve‡K Rvb‡Zb| GwU wQj Zvi mPivPi fvebvPP©vi c×wZ|

GKw`b wZwb wcÛcv‡Z †M‡jb, Abyivavcyi †_‡K gnvMÖvg bv‡gi GK MÖv‡g| c‡_ wZwb GK gwnjv‡K †`L‡jb †h †Rv‡i †Rv‡i †n‡m †n‡m Zvi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi †Póv KiwQj| kã ï‡b wZwb hLb Zvi w`‡K



ZvKv‡jb, wZwb †`L‡jb †Kej Zvi uvZ, Ges wZwb G¸‡jv‡K Zvi fvebvi welqe ‘ Ki‡jb| Zvi me mg‡qi fvebvi Kvi‡Y wZwb Zv‡K †`L‡jb GKwU K¼vj wn‡m‡e, gwnjv wn‡m‡e bq| wZwb †Kej †`L‡jb GKwU K¼vj‡K| Gici wZwb wb‡Ri K¼v‡ji Dci g‡bv‡hvM w`‡jb, cÖ_g a¨vb jvf Ki‡jb Ges ªæZ we`k©b fvebv Ki‡jb| wZwb †mB iv Ívi Dc‡i uvwo‡q An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡jb|

gwnjvwU Zvi ¯vgxi mv‡_ SMov K‡i cvwj‡q Zvi ev‡ci evwo hvw”Qj| Zvi ¯vgx Zv‡K AbymiY K‡i gnvwZl¨ f‡šÍi gy‡LvgywL n‡jv| †m Zv‡K wR‡Ám Kij, Ôf‡šÍ, Avcwb wK †Kv‡bv gwnjv‡K GB c‡_ †h‡Z †`‡L‡Qb?Õ gnv‡_‡iv DËi w`‡jb, Ô†n `vqK, Avwg cyiæl ev gwnjv †Kv‡bvUvB †`wL wb, Avwg †Kej GKwU K¼vj‡K GB c_ w`‡q †h‡Z †`‡LwQ|Õ GB MíwU Av‡Q wemyw×g‡¹i kxj Aa¨v‡q|

GwU n‡”Q GKwU D`vniY, Kxfv‡e GKRb wf¶z, †h gnvwZl¨ f‡šÍi g‡Zv K¼vj fvebv K‡i‡Q cwic~Y©fv‡e, †m Zvi †PvL †Lvjv †i‡LB Av‡iKR‡bi K¼vj‡K †`L‡Z cv‡i| �

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[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ †`kbv 5 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Kxfv‡e Avcwb bvg‡K †`L‡eb MZ †`kbv‡Z Avwg e¨vL¨v K‡iwQjvg Kxfv‡e Pvi avZz fvebv Ki‡Z nq, Ges Kxfv‡e iƒcKjvc bvgK iƒ‡ci KYv¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq| GB †`kbvq Avwg GKUz e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z PvB Kxfv‡e bvg-Kg© ’vb fvebv Ki‡Z nq, hv n‡”Q we`k©b fvebvi cieZ©x avc|

ïiæ‡Z bvg‡K eySvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Awfa‡g©i †gŠwjK wKQz K_v ms‡¶‡c e¨vL¨v Kiv hvK|

Awfa‡g© ejv n‡q‡Q, gb MwVZ nq GKwU wPË—hv welq‡K Rv‡b Ges Zvi mn‡hvMx ˆPZwmK¸‡jv, †h¸‡jv wP‡Ëi mv‡_ Drcbœ nq, †m¸‡jv wb‡q| Ggb ˆPZwm‡Ki msL¨v evqvbœwU, D`vniY¯iƒc, ¯úk©, †e`bv, msÁv (Dcjwä), †PZbv (†SuvK), GKvMÖZv, Rxwe‡Zw› ªq Ges gb¯‹vi (g‡bv‡hvM)|

me©‡gvU EbbeŸB cÖKvi wPË Av‡Q †h¸‡jv‡K fvM Kiv hvq Kzkj, AKzkj A_ev Ae¨vK…Z Z_v Awbw ©óiƒ‡c; Zv‡ì Ae ’v‡bi RMr †f‡` KvgvePi (Bw› ªqMÖvn¨ RMr), iƒcvePi (m~² iƒcf‚wg) Ges AiƒcvePi (Aiƒcf‚wg), A_ev †jv‡KvËi wn‡m‡e| Avgiv Aek¨ †Kej y ai‡bi †gŠwjK wPË wb‡q eje, exw_wPË (wPšÍvi cÖwµqvq AšÍf©z³ wPË¸‡jv) Ges exw_gy³ wPË (wPšÍv-cÖwµqvi evB‡ii wPË¸‡jv), †hgb : cÖwZmwÜwPË, fev½wPË I Pz¨wZwPË|



Qq ai‡bi wPËexw_ ev wPšÍvi cÖwµqv Av‡Q| cÖ_g cuvPwU n‡”Q P¶zØvi, KY©Øvi, NªvYØvi, wRnŸvØvi, Ges KvqØv‡ii wPËexw_ hv‡ì welqe ‘ ‡jv n‡”Q h_vµ‡g „k¨gvb iƒc, kã, MÜ, ¯v` I ¯úk©| G¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î ejv nq cÂØviexw_| lô exw_wU n‡”Q g‡bvØviexw_| cÖ‡Z¨KwU exw_‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi wP‡Ëi GKwU avivevwnK µg _v‡K| †h‡Kv‡bv exw_‡Z wPË¸‡jv Zv‡ì ¯vfvweK avivevwnK µ‡g Drcbœ nq wPË-wbqg Abymv‡i| Avcwb hw` bvg‡K †`L‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B †mB ¯vfvweK µ‡g wPË¸‡jv hLb Drcbœ nq, ZLb Zv‡ì wPb‡Z n‡e| †mUv Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B cÖ_‡g Avbvcvb ¯§„wZi fvebvq A_ev Pvi-avZz fvebvq a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` Avcwb ï× we`k©b fvebvKvix nb, Z‡e Avcbv‡K Aek¨B iƒc-Kg© ’vb fvebv †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kej ZLbB Avcbvi bvg-Kg© ’vb fvebv Kivi †Póvq bvgv DwPZ|

bvg‡K †`L‡Z nq PviwU av‡c| †h¸‡jv †`L‡Z n‡e, †m¸‡jv n‡”Q : 1. Af¨šÍixYfv‡e Drcbœ nIqv mKj ai‡bi wPË‡K wPb‡Z n‡e| 2. mKj ai‡bi wP‡Ë cÖ‡Z¨KwU ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K wPb‡Z n‡e| 3. wP‡Ëi avivevwnK DrcwËi µg A_©vr QqØv‡i N‡U hvIqv

wPËexw_¸‡jv‡K wPb‡Z n‡e| 4. evwn¨K bvg‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e|

a¨vb-wPËexw_ aiv hvK, Avcwb Avbvcvb¯§„wZi gva¨‡g a¨vb jvf K‡i‡Qb| Zvn‡j bvg‡K Rvbvi Rb¨ ïiæ Kivi me‡P‡q fv‡jv RvqMv n‡”Q †mB a¨v‡bi wPË I ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K Rvbv|

Gi ywU KviY Av‡Q| cÖ_g KviY n‡”Q, a¨vb M‡o †Zvjvi mgq Avcwb cuvPwU a¨vbv½‡K wP‡b‡Qb, Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K †Pbvi e¨vcv‡i BwZg‡a¨B Avcbvi wKQzUv AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq KviYUv n‡”Q, a¨vb-RebwPË ci ci A‡bKevi DrcwË nq, ZvB †mwU‡K †Pbv mnR| GwU n‡”Q KvgvePi-exw_i wecixZ, †hLv‡b RebwPË N‡U †Kej mvZevi, Gi ci ciB bZzb GKwU wPËexw_ ïiæ nq|



AZGe, Avbvcvb¯§„wZi cÖ_g a¨v‡b wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Kiæb| G †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m fev½ ev g‡bvØvi Ges Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K GKmv‡_ †`Lyb| hLb fev‡½ wbwgË nvwRi n‡e, cuvPwU a¨vbv½‡K wP‡b wbb| 1. weZK© ( w eZ°) : gb‡K welqe ‘‡Z Z_v Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë

cwiPvjbv Kiv I †mLv‡b ’vcb Kiv| 2. wePvi ( w ePvi ) : gb‡K welqe ‘‡Z Z_v Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ë

a‡i ivLv| 3. cÖxwZ ( A vb › `) : Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K wb‡q GKai‡bi

Avb‡›ì fve| 4. myL : Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K wb‡q myLx fve| 5. GKvMÖZv : Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwg‡Ëi Dc‡i GKvMÖZv| PP©v Ki‡Z _vKzb, hZ¶Y bv cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖ_g a¨vb-RebwP‡Ëi mKj

a¨vbv½¸‡jv‡K GKev‡iB wP‡b wb‡Z cv‡ib| Gici Ab¨vb¨ ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡KI †`Lyb| ïiæ Kiæb weÁvb, ¯úk© A_ev †e`bv—†hwU me‡P‡q mn‡R a‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib †mUv‡K w`‡q| Aewkó ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡KI GKwU GKwU K‡i †hvM K‡i †`‡L wbb : cÖ_gev‡i GK †kÖwYi, wØZxqev‡i yB †kÖwYi, Z…Zxqev‡i wZb †kÖwYi wPË wgwj‡q, BZ¨vw`| hZ¶Y bv cÖ_g-a¨v‡bi Reb-wP‡Ëi †PŠwÎk cÖKvi ˆPZwm‡Ki me¸‡jv‡K †`L‡Z bv cvb, ZZ¶Y PP©v K‡i hvb|

Gic‡i g‡bvØvi-exw_i cÖ‡Z¨KwU wP‡Ëi mKj ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K †`‡L wbb cÖ_g a¨v‡bi gva¨‡g|

cÖ_g a¨v‡bi g‡bvØvi-exw_‡Z Qq ai‡bi wPË _v‡K| cÖ_gwU n‡”Q g‡bvØviveZ©b wPË (g‡bi ìRv-AwfgyLx wPË), hv‡Z ev‡ivwU ˆPZwmK _v‡K| evwK cuvP cÖKvi wP‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z †PŠwÎkwU K‡i ˆPZwmK Drcbœ nq, h_v : cwiKg© (cwiKg© wPË), DcPvi (DcPvi wPË), Aby‡jvg (Abyiƒc wPË), Ges me‡k‡l weivgnxb µ‡g Drcbœ nq a¨vb-RebwPË¸‡jv|

G¸‡jv‡K †`L‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B cÖ_g a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e, †hgb Avbvcvb fvebvi cÖ_g a¨v‡b| †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m fev½ I Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË‡K GK‡Î †`L‡Z n‡e| hLb fev‡½



wbwgË Avwef©‚Z n‡e, ZLb g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_‡K †`Lyb| cÖ_g a¨v‡bi g‡bvØviexw_i cÖ‡Z¨KwU wPË‡K Zv‡ì ev‡ivwU ev †PŠwÎk †kÖwYi ˆPZwmK¸‡jvmn †`‡L wbb|

mKj bvg ( b vg) ev mKj †PŠwÎk cÖKv‡ii ˆPZwmK¸‡jvi mvaviY êwkó¨ n‡”Q †h, Zviv me mgq welqe ‘i cÖwZ bwgZ I mswkøó _v‡K| Avcwb mKj bv‡gi GB mvaviY êwkó¨‡K Dcjwä Kiæb| †mB mv‡_ wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZz_© Avbvcvb a¨v‡bi bvg‡KI Avcbvi †Pbv Ges we‡kølY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Zv QvovI Ab¨vb¨ †hme fvebvq Avcwb a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, †hgb Aïf, mv`v K…rmœ, ˆgÎx BZ¨vw` fvebvq cÖvß a¨v‡bi bvg‡KI †Pbv Ges we‡kølY Kiv ìKvi|

Z‡e Avcwb hw` †Kej Pvi avZz fvebvq DcPvi a¨vb jvf K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j bv‡gi we‡kølY Aek¨B †mLvb †_‡K ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| a¨vb jvf bv Ki‡j Avcwb †Kv‡bv a¨vbwP‡Ëi bvg‡K wPb‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †m‡¶‡Î Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Pvi avZz fvebvi DcPvi a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b Avcbvi †`‡ni ¯”Q iƒcwU wSKwgK K‡i Av‡jv Qovq| †mLv‡b wKQz¶Y wekÖvg wb‡q Gevi we`k©‡bi w`‡K gb w`b m‡ZR I cwi®‹vi gb wb‡q Ges †mB a¨v‡bi bvg‡K †`‡L wbb| Av‡Mi mKj kg_ fvebvi DcPvi A_ev Ac©Yv mgvwai wPËexw_¸‡jv †`‡L wb‡q Gevi Avcwb KvgvePiexw_i wewfbœ ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ AMÖmi †nvb|

KvgvePi-exw_

†hvwbk Ges A‡hvwbk gb¯‹vi KvgvePi-wPËexw_ n‡”Q nq Kzkj A_ev AKzkj| GwU wbf©i K‡i †hvwbk gb¯‹vi (`¶ g‡bv‡hvM) Ges A‡hvwbk gb¯‹v‡ii (A`¶ g‡bv‡hvM) Dc‡i| †Kv‡bv KvgvePi wPË Kzkj wK AKzkj Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q gb¯‹vi ev g‡bv‡hvM| hw` Avcwb †Kv‡bv welqe ‘i w`‡K ZvKvb Ges GwU‡K iƒc, bvg, KviY A_ev dj, AwbZ¨, ytL, AbvZ¥, A_ev Aïf wn‡m‡e Rv‡bb, ZLb Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM n‡”Q †hvwbk gb¯‹vi ev `¶ g‡bv‡hvM| Reb wPË ZLb Kzkj-RebwPË nq|



hw` Avcwb †Kv‡bv welqe ‘i w`‡K ZvKvb Ges GwU‡K aviYv (concept) wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb, †hgb cyiæl, bvix, mË¡, †mvbv, iƒcv, A_ev wbZ¨, myL, A_ev AvZ¥ ev wbR wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb, ZLb Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM n‡”Q A‡hvwbk gb¯‹vi ev A`¶ g‡bv‡hvM| RebwPË ZLb AKzkj-RebwPË nq|

wKQz e¨wZµg Av‡Q Aek¨, †hLv‡b aviYvi mv‡_ mswkøó †Kv‡bv RebwPË (impulsion consciousness) Kzkj-RebwPË n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc, ˆgÎx-fvebvi mg‡q Ges `vb Kivi mg‡q| wPËexw_¸‡jv eyS‡j Avcwb cv_©KÜv ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_ KvgvePi-wPËexw_‡K †`L‡Z n‡j Avcbvi ïiæ Kiv DwPZ g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_ w`‡q| KviY, †mLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi wP‡Ëi msL¨v wKQzUv Kg|

KvgvePi Kzkj g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_i mv‡_ mswkøó bvg‡K wPb‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K cÖ_‡g g‡bvØviUv wP‡b wb‡Z n‡e Ges P¶z-cÖmv`-avZz‡K †`L‡Z n‡e| hLb GwU g‡bvØv‡i Avwef©‚Z n‡e, ZLb GKwU wPËexw_i DrcwË n‡e|

KvgvePi Kzkj g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_‡Z wZb ai‡bi wPË _v‡K| cÖ_‡g _v‡K ev‡ivwU ˆPZwmKmn g‡bvØviveZ©b wPË, Gic‡i _v‡K †PŠwÎk, †ZwÎk A_ev ewÎkwU ˆPZwmKhy³ mvZwU RebwPË, Gic‡i _v‡K ywU Z`vj¤b-wPË †h¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi mv‡_ †PŠwÎkwU, †ZwÎkwU, ewÎkwU, ev‡ivwU, A_ev GMviwU ˆPZwmK _v‡K|

Avcbvi †mB g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_i wPË¸‡jvi ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K evi evi `k©b Kiv DwPZ| a¨vb-g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_‡Z †hgbUv K‡i‡Qb, †mfv‡eB ˆPZwmK †`Lv ïiæ Kiæb weÁvb, †e`bv A_ev ¯úk© w`‡q| GKev‡i GKwU GKwU K‡i ˆPZwmK †hvM Kiæb| cÖ_‡g GK †kÖwYi ˆPZwmK, Gi c‡i yB †kÖwYi, Gic‡i wZb †kÖwYi, Gfv‡e| hZ¶Y bv Avcwb KvgvePi Kzkj g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_i cÖ‡Z¨KwU wP‡Ëi †PŠwÎk, †ZwÎk, A_ev ewÎk cÖKv‡ii ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K †`L‡Z mg_© nb ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ PP©v Kiæb|

iƒc-Kg© ’vb fvebvi mg‡q Avcwb †h mwZ¨Kv‡ii AvVvi cÖKvi iƒc Ges `k cÖKvi K…wÎg iƒc‡K cix¶v K‡i‡Qb, G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU iƒc‡K



†`LvgvÎ †h mKj g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_ Drcbœ nq, †mB wPËexw_¸‡jv‡KI Avcbvi Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb|

cÂØvi-wPËexw_ g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_‡K Rvbv †kl n‡j Gevi Avcbvi cÂØvi-wPËexw_¸‡jv‡K Rvb‡Z AMÖmi nIqv DwPZ| ïiæ Kiæb P¶zØvi-wPËexw_ w`‡q| P¶zØvi-wPËexw_i cÖ‡Z¨KwU wP‡Ëi ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡j Avcwb cÖ_‡g †`Lyb P¶zØvi, Gic‡i g‡bvØvi, Gic‡i y‡Uv‡K GKB mv‡_ †`Lyb|

Gevi Dfq Øv‡ii mwbœK‡U †Kv‡bv GK¸”Q Kjv‡ci e‡Y©i Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM ’vcb Kiæb| GB ch©v‡q Avcwb cÖ_‡g GKwU P¶zØvi-wPËexw_ Ges c‡i GKwU g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_‡K Drcbœ n‡Z †`L‡eb, y‡UviB welqe ‘ GKB|

P¶zØvi-wPËexw_‡Z mvZ cÖKvi wPË µgvš‡q Drcbœ nq| h_v : 1. GMviwU ˆPZwmK mnKv‡i cÂØviveZ©b wPË, 2. AvUwU ˆPZwmKmn P¶zweÁvb, 3. GMviwU ˆPZwmKmn m¤úÖZx”Q wPË (MÖnYKvix wPË—receiving

consciousness),

4. GMvi A_ev ev‡ivwU ˆPZwmK wb‡q mšÍxiY wPË (AbymÜvbx wPË—investigatingconsciousness),

5. ev‡ivwU ˆPZwmKmn eë¯’vcb wPË (wba©viK wPË—determining

consciousness ), 6. †PŠwÎk, †ZwÎk, A_ev ewÎkwU ˆPZwmKmn mvZwU RebwPË

(Zvob wPË—impulsion consciousness),

7. †PŠwÎk, †ZwÎk, ewÎk, ev‡iv, A_ev GMviwU ˆPZwmKmn ywU Z`vj¤b wPË (wbeÜb wPË—registration consciousness)|

Gic‡i fev½ wPË¸‡jv µgvš‡q Drcbœ nq Ges Zvi c‡i g‡bvØvi exw_i wZb cÖKvi wPË¸‡jv Av‡Mi D³ µ‡g : g‡bvØviveZ©b, mvZwU Reb Ges ywU Z`vj¤b wPË Drcbœ nq|

Dch©y³ ywU aviv †`‡L wb‡q Gevi mKj ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K †`Lyb| ïiæ



Kiæb weÁvb, ¯úk© A_ev †e`bv w`‡q| GKev‡i GKUv K‡i †hvM Kiæb hZ¶Y bv cÖ‡Z¨K wP‡Ëi mKj ˆPZwmK¸‡jv †`L‡Z cvb|

Gici Ab¨vb¨ PviwU Øvi—KY©, NªvY, wRnŸv Ges KvqØv‡ii wPËexw_¸‡jvI †`‡L wbb|

GB ch©v‡q Avcwb KzkjwPË¸‡jvi mv‡_ mswkøó bvg‡K †`Lvi `¶Zv AR©b K‡i †dj‡eb| GLb AKzkj wPË¸‡jvi mv‡_ mswkøó bvg‡K †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb| GwU Ki‡Z n‡j Avcwb Kzkj wPË¸‡jvi Rb¨ †h welqe¯‘ wb‡q‡Qb, †mwU‡KB wbb, Z‡e Gevi A‡hvwbk gb¯‹vi ¯’vcb Kiæb| GwU we ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v K‡i ejvi mgq GLb †bB, Z‡e Avwg Avkv Kwi GLv‡b †Ìqv D`vniY¸‡jv Avcbvi Af¨šÍixY iƒc‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ Kx Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv eySvi Rb¨ h‡_ó n‡e|

me‡k‡l, Avcwb GZ¶Y ch©šÍ bvg †`Lvi wZbwU ch©vq m¤ú~Y© K‡i‡Qb Avi µgvš‡q †`‡L wb‡q‡Qb :

1. Af¨šÍixYfv‡e †hme wPË Drcbœ nq, †mme wPË‡K| 2. mKj cÖKvi wP‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨KwU ˆPZwmK‡K| 3. QqØv‡i Drcbœ wPËexw_¸‡jv‡K|

evwn¨K bvg‡K †`Lv PZz_© av‡c GLb evB‡ii bvg‡K †`Lvi cvjv| ïiæ Kiæb Af¨šÍixY Pvi avZz‡K †`Lvi ga¨ w`‡q| Gici evwn¨K avZz¸‡jv‡K †`Lyb, Avcwb †h Kvco c‡i Av‡Qb, †mB Kvc‡oi g‡a¨| Avcwb †`L‡eb †h Avcbvi Kvco‡Pvco Kjv‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kjv‡ci AvU cÖKvi iƒc‡K Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡eb| G¸‡jv n‡”Q FZzR IR-AóK-Kjvc Ges G¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨KwU evwn¨K Kjv‡ci †ZRavZz †_‡K Drcbœ nq|

Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K iƒc‡K Gfv‡e cvjvµ‡g wZb ev Pvievi †`Lyb, Gic‡i a¨v‡bi Av‡jvq Av‡iKUz ~‡ii wRwbm †`Lyb, †hgb N‡ii †g‡S| †mLv‡bI Avcwb cÖ‡Z¨K Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ AvU cÖKvi iƒc †`L‡Z cv‡eb Ges evwn¨K I Af¨šÍixY iƒc‡K G‡¶‡ÎI cvjvµ‡g wZb-Pvievi †`Lyb|

Av‡ Í Av‡ Í Avcbvi iƒc †`Lvi mxgv evwo‡q wb‡Z _vKzb †h wewìs‡q ev evwo‡Z Avcwb e‡m Av‡Qb †mwU, Zvi Av‡kcv‡k, MvQcvjvmn BZ¨vw`, hZ¶Y bv Avcwb mKj evwn¨K wbR©xe iƒc‡K †`L‡Z cvb|



Avcwb wbR©xe e ‘ ‡jvi gv‡S ¯”Q iƒcI †`L‡Z cv‡eb| G¸‡jv n‡”Q MvQcvjv, wewìs cÖf…wZi g‡a¨ _vKv †cvKvgvKo Ges Ab¨vb¨ †QvULvU cÖvYx|

Gevi Avcwb mRxe mË¡‡ì evwn¨K iƒc‡K †`L‡Z AMÖmi †nvb, Ab¨vb¨ RxweZ cÖvYx‡ì iƒc‡K †`L‡Z GwM‡q hvb|

Gfv‡e Avcwb †Kej Zv‡ì iƒc‡K †`L‡Qb, †Kv‡bv cyiæl, gwnjv, e¨w³ ev †Kv‡bv mË¡ wn‡m‡e †`L‡Qb bv| †Kej iƒc‡KB †`L‡Qb| GK bR‡iB mKj evwn¨K iƒc‡K †`‡L wbb, Gici Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K wewfbœ cÖKvi iƒc‡K †`‡L wbb|

GwU Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi †`Lv DwPZ †Pv‡Li QqwU †gŠwjK ai‡bi Kjvc, h_v : P¶z-`kK, Kvq-`kK, fve-`kK Ges wZbwU IR-AóK-Kjvc, Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K Dfq cÖKv‡i| Av‡M †hfv‡e iƒc‡K †`‡L‡Qb, †mfv‡eB Pzqvbœ cÖKvi iƒc‡K †`‡L wbb, Z‡e GLb Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K Dfq cÖKv‡i| Aewkó cuvPwU AvqZb, Aewkó wewfbœ iƒc‡KI GKBfv‡e †`Lyb| iƒc‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †`‡L wb‡q Gevi Avcwb bvg‡K Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e †`L‡Z AMÖmi †nvb|

Af¨šÍixY bvg‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ Avcwb Avevi g‡bvØvi Ges cÂØvi-wPËexw_ w`‡q ïiæ Kiæb| Zv‡ì mKj Kzkj I AKzkj ˆPZwmK¸‡jv‡K †`Lyb|

evwn¨K bvg‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ Avcwb Gevi Ab¨ GKR‡bi †PvL Ges g‡bvØvi‡K †`Lyb| hLb GB Dfq Øv‡ii KvQvKvwQ †Kv‡bv GK¸”Q Kjv‡ci eY© DfqØv‡i Avwef©‚Z nq, ZLb Zv‡ì DfqØv‡ii wPËexw_¸‡jv‡K †`Lyb| evi evi Gfv‡e Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e †`Lyb| Ab¨vb¨ PviwU Øv‡iI GKBfv‡e †`Lyb|

hw` Avcwb a¨vbjvfx nb, Zvn‡j evwn¨K g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_i a¨vbwPË¸‡jvI Avcbvi Rvbv DwPZ|

Gfv‡e Av‡ Í Av‡ Í Avcbvi †`Lvi cwiwa‡K evovb, hZ¶Y bv Amxg gnvwek¦ Ry‡o mKj iƒc‡K Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡ib| Gfv‡e bvg‡KI †`Lv DwPZ Avcbvi hZ¶Y bv Amxg gnvwek¦ Ry‡o mKj bvg‡K †`L‡Z cvb| Gic‡i G‡ì Dfq‡K GK‡Î Amxg gnvwek¦ Ry‡o †`‡L †bIqv DwPZ|

me‡k‡l, Avcwb †mB mKj bvgiƒc‡K cÖÁv w`‡q wePvi Kiæb, †`Lyb GB Amxg gnvwek¦ Ry‡o †Kv‡bv mË¡ †bB, cyiæl †bB, gwnjv †bB, Av‡Q



†Kej bvg Avi iƒc| GLv‡bB bvg-Kg© ’vb fvebvi mgvwß| Avcbvi fvebvi GB av‡c †cuŠ‡Q Avcwb BwZg‡a¨B mgvwa jvf

Ki‡eb, GB mgvwai mvnv‡h¨ Amxg gnvwe‡k¦i AvUvk cÖKvi iƒc Ges †Zàvbœ cÖKvi bvg‡K †`‡L †dj‡eb| Avgvi cieZ©x †`kbv n‡e we`k©‡bi cieZ©x avc cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ wel‡q| cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 5 cÖkœ 5.1 : A ó m gvc w Ë j v‡ fi d ‡ j b vgi ƒ c c w i ‡ ” Q` Ávb j vf Ki v m ¤ ¢e n q Ges Zv‡ ì m ~² D`q - w ej ‡ q i e¨vc vi Uv †`L v m ¤¢e n q , G‡ Z K‡ i Zv‡ ì c Öw Z w ei ƒ c fv‡ ei D`q n q Ges gvM©Ávb j vf n q | G¸‡ j v ev‡ `

A ó mgvc w Ëi w K A b ¨vb ¨ myd j A v‡ Q? DËi 5.1 : a¨vb jvf Kivi cuvPwU mydj Av‡Q : 1. „óag© myLwenvi (GLv‡bB Ges GLbB my‡L evm Kiv) : GB

BnR‡b¥B a¨vbmyL Dc‡fvM Kiv| GwU we‡kl K‡i ï×-we`k©bhvbx An©r‡ì †ejvq cÖ‡hvR¨| wf¶zi KZ©e¨ n‡”Q wÎwcUK wk¶v Kiv (cwiqwË), we`k©b fvebv PP©v Kiv Ges Pvi gvM© I Pvi dj jvf Kiv| ï×-we`k©bhvbx An©rMY †m¸‡jv BwZg‡a¨B K‡i †d‡j‡Qb, Zv‡ì Avi †Kv‡bv KZ©e¨ Aewkó †bB| Zviv a¨vb-mgvwai PP©v K‡ib †Kej GB R‡b¥ a¨vbmyL Dc‡fv‡Mi Rb¨, Avi †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y bq| GwU mgvwai cÖ_g mydj| 2. we`k©bRvZ mydj : we`k©b Áv‡bi Rb¨ a¨vb-mgvwa GKwU eo

mnvq| Gi mvnv‡h¨ GKRb e¨w³ cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e †`L‡Z cv‡i, Ges Zv‡ì AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU n‡”Q mgvwai wØZxq mydj| 3. A‡jŠwKK kw³ : hw` †KD mvaviY A‡jŠwKK kw³¸‡jv‡Z `¶Zv

AR©b Ki‡Z Pvq, †hgb—AZxZ Rb¥¸‡jv‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z cviv, wè¨P¶z, wè¨KY© Ges Ab¨vb¨ wewfbœ A‡jŠwKK kw³, †hgb—k~‡b¨ Iov, cvwbi Dc‡i nuvUv BZ¨vw`, Zvn‡j Zv‡K Aek¨B `k K…rmœ-fvebv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †PŠÏ cÖKv‡i Aó mgvcwË AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU n‡”Q mgvwai Z…Zxq mydj| 4. wbw ©ó MwZ : hw` †KD g„Zzï c‡i eªþ‡jv‡K Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvq,



Zvn‡j Zv‡K Aek¨B `k K…rmœ, Avbvcvb¯§„wZ, ˆgÎx-fvebv cÖf…wZ‡Z mgvwa jvf Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, eªþ‡jv‡K Rb¥ wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j mgvwa‡K Aek¨B g„Zzï AvM gyn~Z© ch©šÍ ejer _vK‡Z n‡e| GwU n‡”Q mgvwai PZz_© mydj| 5. wb‡ivamgvcwË : wb‡ivamgvcwË jvf| GwU n‡”Q mvgwqKfv‡e

wPË, ˆPZwmK Ges wPËR-iƒ‡ci wb‡iva Kiv| ÔmvgwqKÕ ej‡Z GKR‡bi Awaôv‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i GKw`b †_‡K mvZ w`b ch©šÍ mgq‡K eySvq|

†Kej AbvMvgx Ges An©rMY wb‡ivamgvcwË jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Nygv‡bvi mgqUv ev‡` Ab¨vb¨ mg‡q AbvMvgx I An©‡Ziv KL‡bvB bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jvi D`q-wejq A_ev ïaygvÎ wejxb n‡q hvIqvUv †`Lv _vgvb bv| Zv‡ì GB D`q-wejq †`Lvi KvR mviv w`b, mviv ivZ, w`‡bi ci w`b, iv‡Zi ci ivZ, eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i P‡j| Gfv‡e †`L‡Z †`L‡Z gv‡S gv‡S Zviv cy‡iv e¨vcviUv‡Z GK ai‡bi K¬vwšÍ Abyfe K‡ib, Zv‡ì †gvngyw³ N‡U, Zviv Avi GB wej‡qi NUbv ( f½-

a ¤§) †`L‡Z B‡”Q K‡ib bv| wKš‘ Zv‡ì cwiwbe©v‡Yi mgq nq wb ZL‡bv, KviY Zv‡ì Avqy®‹vj GL‡bv †kl nq wb| ZvB GB weiw³Ki wRwbmwU †`Lv _vgv‡Z Zviv wb‡ivamgvcwË‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib|

†Kb Zv‡ì Ggb D`q-wej‡qi NUbv¸‡jv †`Lv _v‡g bv? Zviv Zv‡ì a¨vbv½¸‡jvi wecix‡Z †h cÖwZeÜKZv ev bxeiY¸‡jv we`¨gvb, †m¸‡jv‡K aŸsm K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì mgvwa GLb m‡e©vrK…ó ch©v‡q| GKvMÖ gb cigv_© ag© ‡jv‡K h_vh_fv‡e †`‡L, ZvB GwU me mgq h_vh_ cigv_© bvgiƒc‡K †`‡L, †hwU n‡”Q Avm‡j Ôwej‡qi NUbvÕ| hLb †KD wb‡ivamgvcwË‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i, aiv hvK †m mvZ w`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q, †m ZLb Avi GB mvZ w`‡bi g‡a¨ GB wej‡qi NUbv¸‡jv‡K †`‡L bv, KviY Zvi wPË-ˆPZwmK¸‡jv, †h¸‡jv GB wej‡qi NUbv¸‡jv‡K RvbZ, †m¸‡jv GLb wbiæ×, mvgwqKfv‡e †_‡g Av‡Q|

wb‡ivamgvcwË‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡j Zv‡K Aek¨B cÖ_g a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e, GwU †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m cÖ_g a¨v‡bi ms¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K AwbZ¨, ytL I AwbZ¨ wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e µgvš‡q Zv‡K wØZxq Aiƒc a¨vb, weÁvb-AbšÍ-AvqZb ch©šÍ †h‡Z n‡e| Gi c‡i Zv‡ì Aek¨B Z…Zxq Aiƒc a¨vb, AvwKÂbvqZb a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e| G †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m Zv‡K PviwU Awaôvb Ki‡Z n‡e :



1. wb‡ivamgvcwË †_‡K GKwU wbw ©ó mgq c‡i, †hgb- mvZ w`b c‡i †ewi‡q Avmvi Awaôvb Kiv|

2. ey× PvB‡j wb‡ivamgvcwË †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi Awaôvb Kiv| 3. msN PvB‡j wb‡ivamgvcwË †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi Awaôvb Kiv| 4. cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ¸‡jv hv‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQz Øviv webó bv nq,

†hgb—Av¸b BZ¨vw` Øviv hv‡Z webó bv nq, Ggb Awaôvb Kiv| Gi c‡i †m ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i, hv n‡”Q PZz_©

Aiƒc a¨vb| †mB a¨vb jv‡fi †Kej GK A_ev yB wPË¶Y ev‡`B †m wbw ©ó mg‡qi Rb¨, †hgb—mvZ w`‡bi Rb¨ wb‡ivamgvcwË‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| mgvcwË‡Z _vKvKvjxb †m wKQzB †`‡L bv| KviY, Zvi mKj wPË-ˆPZwmK¸‡jv †_‡g †M‡Q| GwUB mgvcwËi cÂg mydj|

Aó mgvcwËi mgvwa bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K †`L‡Z mnvqK nq, GUv †hgb mZ¨, †Zgwb GB Aó mgvcwËI Avm‡j GB Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ bvg gvÎ| ZvB, hw` fvebvKvix bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K, Aó mgvcwËmn me¸‡jv‡K AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥iƒ‡c †`‡Lb Ges ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡ib, ZLb wZwb Zvi a¨vb ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi `k©b‡K Aó mgvcwËi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU‡Z ivL‡Z cv‡ib| GwU n‡”Q kg_ I we`k©b‡K wb‡q †Rvqvj euvav, †hb y‡Uv ej` wg‡j GKwU Mvwo‡K Uvb‡Q| GwU n‡”Q gvM©, dj I wbe©vY jv‡fi Ab¨Zg mnvq| cÖkœ 5.2 : w b e©vY j v‡ fi me‡ P ‡ q mn R I ªæ Z c š ’v †Kvb w U? A w b Z¨,

yt L I A b vZ¥‡ K c ‡ o c ‡ o eySv, b vw K mgvw a i gva ¨‡ g ci gv_ © a g©‡ K Dc j w ä Ki v? DËi 5.2 : AwbZ¨Zv Kx? AwbZ¨Zv n‡”Q cÂ¯‹Ü| GB msÁv A‡bK

A_©K_vq D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q| hw` fvebvKvix cÂ¯‹Ü‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e †`‡Lb, wZwb AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G‡Z †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| wKš‘ cÂ¯‹Ü bv †`‡L wZwb wK AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb? hw` cÂ¯‹Ü bv †`‡LB wZwb †mB †Póv K‡ib, Zvi we`k©b ZLb †Kej we`k©b Ave„wË gvÎ n‡e, mwZ¨Kv‡ii we`k©b n‡e bv| †Kej mwZ¨Kv‡ii we`k©bB gvM©dj Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

GB cÂ¯‹Ü Kx? iƒc¯‹Ü, †e`bv¯‹Ü, msÁv¯‹Ü, ms¯‹vi¯‹Ü Ges weÁvb¯‹Ü| iƒc¯‹Ü n‡”Q AvUvk cÖKvi iƒc| †e`bv, msÁv Ges



ms¯‹vi¯‹Ü n‡”Q evqvbœ cÖKvi ˆPZwmK| weÁvb¯‹Ü n‡”Q EbbeŸB cÖKvi wPË| AvUvk cÖKvi iƒc‡K ejv nq ÔiƒcÕ Ges evqvbœ cÖKvi ˆPZwmK I EbbeŸB cÖKvi wPË‡K ejv nq ÔbvgÕ| AZGe cÂ¯‹Ü Ges bvgiƒc GKB wRwbm|

G¸‡jv meB cigv_© bvgiƒc| hw` fvebvKvix †mB cigv_© bvgiƒc‡K †`‡Lb, Zvn‡j wZwb †mB bvgiƒ‡ci AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥‡K †`Lvi PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ hw` wZwb cigv_© bvgiƒc‡K bv †`‡Lb, Kxfv‡e wZwb we`k©b PP©v Ki‡eb, KviY we`k©b Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq welqB n‡”Q bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv| GwUB mwZ¨Kv‡ii we`k©b| GKgvÎ mwZ¨Kv‡ii we`k©bB gvM©dj Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

gn vm w Zc UVvb m y‡ Î ey× wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb †h wbe©vY jv‡fi †Kej GKUvB c_, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv c_ †bB| Kx †mB c_? ey× cÖ_‡g mgvwai PP©v Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb, KviY GKwU GKvMÖ gb cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K †`Lvi ¶gZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e GKwU GKvMÖ gb cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K †`Lvi ¶gZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ †KvbwU me‡P‡q mnR c_ n‡e, Avgiv Zv ej‡Z cvwi bv| ªæZ wbe©vY jvf KivUv cvigxi Dc‡i wbf©i K‡i|

D`vniY¯iƒc, mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ An©Ë¡gvM©dj jvf Kivi Rb¨ y mßvn a‡i K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡iwQ‡jb, †hLv‡b gnv‡gv¹jøvb f‡šÍ An©Ë¡gvM©dj jvf Kivi Rb¨ cwikÖg K‡iwQ‡jb gvÎ GK mßvn| Avevi evwnq `viæwPwiq An©Ë¡gvM©dj jvf K‡iwQ‡jb LyeB msw¶ß GKwU †`kbv ï‡b,

Ôw `‡ UV w ÙVgË s...Õ, A_©vr †`L‡j †Kej †`LwQ e‡jB Rvb‡e...| †h MwZ‡Z Zviv An©Ë¡jvf K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Zv‡ì cvigxi Kvi‡YB| mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ I gnv‡gv¹jøvb f‡šÍ Zv‡ì cvigxc~Y© K‡iwQ‡jb GK AmsL¨ Ges GK j¶ Kí a‡i, †hLv‡b evwnq `viæwPwiq Zvi cvigx c~Y© K‡i AvmwQ‡jb cÖvq GK j¶ Kí a‡i| mvwicyÎ I gnv‡gv¹jøvb f‡šÍi An©Ë¡gvM©-mswkøó wQj AMÖkÖveK-†evwaÁv‡bi mv‡_, †hLv‡b evwnq `viæwPwi‡qi An©Ë¡gvM©-mswkøó wQj †Kej gnvkÖveK-†evwaÁv‡bi mv‡_| AMÖkÖveK-†evwaÁvb gnvkÖveK-†evwaÁvb †_‡K D”PZi| Zviv †h MwZ‡Z An©Ë¡ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Zv‡ì AvKv•ÿvi Dc‡i wbf©i K‡i wb| KviY, wbe©vY jv‡fi GKwUB c_|



cÖkœ 5.3 : msm vi P‡ µi †Kv‡ b v ï i æ ev †kl †b B | mË¡‡ ì msL ¨vI A m xg, A ZGe hvi v A Zx‡ Z A vgv‡ ì gv w Q‡ j b , Zv‡ ì msL ¨vI A m xg| mKj mË ¡B G Kmgq A vgv‡ ì gv w Q‡ j b Ggb a vi Y v w b ‡ q Kxfv‡ e A vgi v ˆgÎ x- fveb v Ki ‡ Z c vw i ? mK j mË ¡B A vgv‡ ì gv w Q‡ j b Ggb a vi Y v w b ‡ q w K ˆgÎ x- a ¨vb j vf Ki v m ¤¢e? DËi 5.3 : ˆgÎx-fvebv AZxZ I fwel¨‡Zi mv‡_ mswkøó bq| GwUi

KvR n‡”Q †Kej eZ©gvb‡K wb‡q| ZvB Avgiv hw` g„Z‡ì ˆgÎx w`B, Avgiv Zv‡Z a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvie bv| msmviP‡µ Avgv‡ì evev A_ev gv nq wb, Ggb †Kv‡bv mË¡ bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ ˆgÎx-fvebv msmviP‡µi mv‡_ mswkøó bq| Ki Y xq ˆgÎ x m y‡ Ë ey× e‡j‡Qb, ÔgvZv h_ v w b q scyËgvq ymv GKc yËgb yi ‡ K L ; Gew ¤ú meŸ f‚‡ Zm y, gvb ms fve‡ q A c w i gvY sÕ| Gi gv‡b n‡”Q †h, †Kv‡bv gv †hgb Zvi GKgvÎ cy‡Îi Rb¨ RxebI w`‡Z cv‡ib, †mfv‡eB GKRb wf¶zi mKj cÖvYxi cÖwZ ˆgÎx we Ívi Kiv DwPZ| GwU ey‡×i wb‡ ©k| †Kej eZ©gv‡bi †Kv‡bv welqB ˆgÎx-a¨vb Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i, AZxZ wKsev fwel¨‡Zi welq †mwU cv‡i bv| G Avgv‡ì gv wQj, G Avgv‡ì evev wQj—Gfv‡e a‡i †bIqvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB| hw` Avgiv GB wPšÍvi gva¨‡g ˆgÎx we Ívi Kwi, ÔGB e¨w³ my ’ I myLx †nvKÕ—GwUB a¨vb Drcbœ Ki‡e| †Kej cyÎ nIqvi ev gv nIqvi aviYv a¨v‡b DcbxZ Kiv‡Z cvi‡e bv| cÖkœ 5.4 : ( wb ‡ Pi meKw U cÖkœ GKw U DË‡ i i gva ¨‡ g R eve †Ìq v

n ‡ q ‡ Q|) 1. ey‡ ×i mgq Kv‡ j w K †Kv‡b v †evw a mË¡ w Q‡ j b ? _ vK‡ j wZw b w K

†Kv‡ b v gvM©d j j vf K‡ i w Q‡ j b b vw K †Kej m va vi Y †j vK ev c „_ KR b B w Q‡ j b ?

2. †Kv‡ b v A vh©c y`Mj †Kb †evw a mË ¡ n ‡ Z c v‡ i b v? 3. †Kv‡ b v kÖveK w K †evw a mË ¡ n Iq vi R b ¨ Zvi kÖveKZ¡ e `j v‡ Z

c v‡ i ? b v c vi ‡ j †Kb c v‡ i b v? 4. †mq v‡ ì w b ‡ ©kb v A b ymi Y K‡ i †h †K D †m ªv Zvc w ËgvM©d j j vf

Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i | w Kš ‘ †KD hw ` † evw a mË ¡gv‡ M©i Kvgb vq Ges † ev w a mË ¡gv‡ M©i A w a ô v‡ bi Kvi ‡ Y †mªvZvc w ËgvM©d j j vf Ki ‡ Z b v Pvq , †m wK Zv †e‡ Q w b ‡ Z c v‡ i ? DËi 5.4 : †Kv‡bv gvM©dj jvf Kivi AvM ch©šÍ †h †KD Zvi wm×všÍ

e`jv‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e gvM©dj jvf Kivi ci Avi †KD Zvi wm×všÍ



cvëv‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY, ey× A‡bK m~‡Î D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h gvM© jvf Ki‡j †m cÖK…wZi wbq‡gi ( m ¤ §Z- a ¤§) g‡a¨ c‡o hvq| GB wbqg e‡j : †mªvZvcwËgvM© †mªvZvcwËd‡ji Rb¥ †`q| Gi c‡i †m mK…`vMvgx av‡c †h‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ mvaviY c„_KR‡bi av‡c wdi‡Z cv‡i bv| mK…`vMvgxiv AbvMvgx av‡c †h‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ †mªvZvcwË ev c„_KR‡bi av‡c wdi‡Z cv‡i bv| AbvMvgxiv An©‡Ë¡i av‡c †h‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ mK…`vMvgx, †mªvZvcwË ev c„_KR‡bi av‡c wdi‡Z cv‡i bv| GKRb An©r g„Zz¨ n‡j cwiwbe©vY jvf K‡i, †m Avi †Kv‡bv nxb Avh© av‡c, c„_KRb av‡c A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv av‡c wdi‡Z cv‡i bv| An©Ë¡ n‡”Q mgvwß| GwU GKwU cÖK…wZi wbqg ( m ¤§Z- a ¤§)| An©Ë¡‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i ey× A‡bKevi e‡j‡Qb, ÔA q gw š Ígv R vw Z b w Ì`w b cyb e&f‡ evw ZÕ—GwUB †kl Rb¥, Avi †Kv‡bv cybR©b¥ †bB|

Gi gv‡b n‡”Q †h gvM©dj jv‡fi c‡i †m Avi Zvi wm×všÍ cvëv‡Z cv‡i bv, Ges †evwamË¡ nIqvi wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i bv|

Zv Qvov, †h †KD ey× A_ev †Kv‡bv An©‡Zi KvQ †_‡K mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx †c‡j †m Avi Zvi wm×všÍ‡K cvëv‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ Zvi Av‡M cv‡i| weïw×gv‡M© GKwU D`vniY Av‡Q †hLv‡b GK gnv‡_‡iv Zvi wm×všÍ‡K cvwë‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Pvi ¯§„wZ fvebvq my`¶ wQ‡jb, kg_-we`k©b fvebv K‡iwQ‡jb ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ, KL‡bvB ¯§„wZnxb n‡q KvwqK ev evPwbK Kg© m¤úv`b K‡ib wb| Zvi g„Zzï KvQvKvwQ mg‡q cÖPzi †jv‡Ki mgvMg n‡qwQj| KviY, †jvKRb †f‡ewQj †h wZwb cwiwbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb, wKš‘ wZwb wQ‡jb ZL‡bv GKRb c„_KRb| Zvi wklïv Zv‡K Rvbvj †h A‡bK †jvK R‡ov n‡q‡Q| KviY, Zviv †f‡e‡Q wZwb cwiwbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb| ZvB gnv‡_‡iv ej‡jb, ÔI Av”Qv, Avwg †Zv Avh©‰g‡Îq ey×‡K †`L‡Z †P‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ cÖPzi †jvKRb G‡m‡Q hLb, ZLb Avgv‡K GKUz a¨vb Ki‡Z `vI|Õ wZwb we`k©b fvebvq em‡jb| GLb †h‡nZz wZwb wm×všÍ cvwë‡q‡Qb, ZvB wZwb kxNªB An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡jb|

ey‡×i mg‡q Avh©‰g‡Îq †evwamË¡ ev‡` Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †evwam‡Ë¡i cÖwZ mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ggb D‡jøL †bB| Avh©‰g‡Îq †evwamË¡ wQ‡jb AwRZ bv‡gi GKRb wf¶z| Avh©‰g‡Îq ey× KLb Drcbœ n‡eb, ZvI wÎwcU‡K D‡jøL †bB, ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvie bv ey‡×i mg‡q



KZRb †evwamË¡ wQ‡jb| cÖkœ 5.5 : w egyw ³ gv M© I †evw a mË ¡gvM© w K G KB m v‡ _ PP©v K i v hvq ?

Ki v †M‡ j , †m B c ×w ZUv Kx? DËi 5.5 : wegyw³ gv‡b n‡”Q †K¬k¸‡jv †_‡K gyw³, A_ev msmviPµ

†_‡K gyw³| ZvB hLb GKRb †evwamË¡ ey× nb, wZwb cwiwbe©v‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ msmviPµ †_‡K gy³ nb| hw` Avcwb An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡Z Pvb Ges Zv‡Z mdj nb, ZLb kÖveK wn‡m‡e AvcwbI cwiwbe©v‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ msmviPµ †_‡K gy³ n‡eb|

AZGe GKRb e¨w³ GKBmv‡_ ey× I kÖveK n‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡K Aek¨B †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv c_ †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ An©Ë¡ jv‡fi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zviv Df‡qB msmviPµ †_‡K gy³ nb| An©Ë¡gvM© jvf Kivi c_B n‡”Q wegyw³gvM©| cÖkœ 5.6 : GB fveb v c ×w Z w K ï ay w egyw ³ gv‡ M©i R b ¨, b vwK Gw U

†evw a mË ¡gv‡ M©i R b Ï c Ö‡ hvR ¨? DËi 5.6 : GwU Df‡qi Rb¨| Av‡Mi GKwU †`kbvq Avwg e‡jwQ †h

kvK¨gywb ey× AZxZ R‡b¥ bqevi wf¶z n‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi bqwU R‡b¥ wZwb †hme wbq‡gi Abykxjb K‡iwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB wZwb wÎwk¶vi PP©v KiwQ‡jb : kxjwk¶v, mgvwawk¶v Ges cÖÁvwk¶v| †evwamË¡ Aó mgvcwË, cÂ AwfÁv Ges ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb|

GLb Avcbviv kx‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i kg_-we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Qb| hLb Avcbviv GB wZbwU wk¶vi PP©v Ki‡eb ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ, Avcwb ZLb y‡Uv c‡_i †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib| hw` Avcwb wegyw³ Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcwb wbe©v‡Y hvIqvUv †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib| Avi hw` Avcwb †evwamË¡ n‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcwb †evwamË¡gvM© †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib| †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| cÖkœ 5.7 : G KR b A n ©‡ Zi mKj Kz kj I A Kz kj K g©B w K

c w i w b e©v‡ Y i A v‡ M d j †Ìq vi R b ¨ c w i c K¡ n q ? DËi 5.7 : me¸‡jv bq| wKQz fv‡jv Ges Lvivc Kg© cwicK¡ n‡j

Zviv Zv‡ì dj w`‡Z cv‡i| hw` †m¸‡jv cwicK¡ bv nq, Zvn‡j dj w`‡Z cv‡i bv, eis A‡nvwm K‡g© (wbõj K‡g©) cwiYZ nq| D`vniY¯iƒc, gnv‡gv¹jøvb f‡šÍi AZxZ R‡b¥i GKwU AKzkj Kg© Zvi



cwiwbe©v‡Yi wVK Av‡M Zvi dj w`‡qwQj| AZxZ GK R‡b¥ wZwb Zvi AÜ wcZvgvZv‡K nZ¨vi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| †mB AKzkj K‡g©i Kvi‡Y Zv‡K bi‡K A‡bK nvRvi eQi a‡i ytL †c‡Z n‡qwQj| biK †_‡K Qvov †c‡qI cÖvq yBkZ Rb¥ a‡i Zv‡K wbnZ n‡Z n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwU R‡b¥ Zvi gv_v PzY©wePzY© n‡q wM‡qwQj| Zvi †kl R‡b¥I gv_vmn Zvi kix‡ii me nvo‡Mvo PzY©wePzY© n‡q wM‡qwQj| †Kb? KviY, AKzkj Kg© cwicK¡ n‡q dj w`‡qwQj| AKzkj Ges Kzkj Kg© cwicK¡ bv n‡j †Kv‡bv dj w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv ZLb bv‡g gvÎ Kg© nq| cÖkœ 5.8 : ey×Z¡ j v‡ fi c ‡i ey× w K m w Z¨B e‡ j w Q‡ jb , ÔmKj

m‡ Ë ¡i B Z_ vM‡ Zi c ÖÁv Ges A b ¨vb ¨ ¸Y vej x A v‡ Q? Õ DËi 5.8 : GLv‡b Avcwb ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h kvK¨gywb ey× ey×Z¡ jvf

K‡iwQ‡jb| Avcbvi Gevi we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ, mKj m‡Ë¡i g‡a¨ Z_vM‡Zi ¸Yvejx we`¨gvb wKbv, we‡kl K‡i Avcbvi wb‡Ri g‡a¨| Z_vM‡Zi †Kv‡bv ¸Y wK Avcbvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q? cÖkœ 5.9 : A n ©‡ Zi w b ‡R i cÂ¯‹‡ Üi c Öw Z †h k~b ¨Zv‡ eva , †m Uv w K

evB ‡ i i R oe ‘ ‡ j vi k~b ¨Zvi g‡ Zv GKB ? w b e©vY w K k~b ¨ Zvq c Ö‡ ek Ki vi g‡ Zv GKB ? DËi 5.9 : wb‡Ri cÂ¯‹‡Üi cÖwZ †h k~b¨Zv‡eva, Zv evB‡ii Ro

e ‘ ‡jvi k~b¨Zv‡ev‡ai g‡ZvB GKB| wbe©vY‡K k~b¨Zv bvg †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Zvi gv‡M©i Kvi‡Y| hLb fvebvKvix mKj ms¯‹vi ag©‡K AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb Ges †mB mgq wZwb wbe©vY‡K cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib, ZLb Zvi gvM©Ávb‡K ejv nq k~b¨Zv-we‡gv¶| gvM©‡K †hfv‡e k~b¨Zv-we‡gv¶ ejv nq, wVK †mfv‡e gv‡M©i welqe ‘ wbe©vY‡KI ejv nq k~b¨Zv| GLv‡b k~b¨Zv-we‡gv¶ n‡”Q ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi AbvZ¥ ¯fve †`‡L †K¬k¸‡jv †_‡K gy³ nIqv| cÖkœ 5.10 : mKj m ~Î¸‡ j v w K †Kej ey×B e‡ j ‡ Q b ? DËi 5.10 : wÎwcU‡Ki †ewki fvM m~Î ey‡×i wk¶v †Ìqv| K‡qKwU

m~Î Av‡Q mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ, gnvKv”Pvqb f‡šÍ Ges Avb›` f‡šÍi wk¶v †Ìqv| wKš‘ kÖveK‡ì ejv m~Î¸‡jvi A_© ‡jvI ey‡×i wk¶v¸‡jv‡KB e‡j †`q| GwU we‡klfv‡e †`Lv hvq K‡qKwU m~‡Î †hLv‡b ey× mvayev‡ì mv‡_ †mB m~Î¸‡jvi Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Qb| D`vniY¯iƒc, ga¨gwbKv‡qi gnvKv”Pvqb f‡ÏKiË m~Î (gnvKv”Pvqb Ges GKwU †mŠfvM¨gq ivZ)|



cÖkœ 5.11 : fveb vi mgq A vgiv † Zv A vi ey×‡ K †`L ‡ Z c vB b v, ZvB A vgi v w K A ‡ j Š w KK kw ³ i gva ¨‡ g Zv‡ K †`‡ L Zvi m v‡ _ a g©v ‡ j vPb v Ki ‡ Z c vw i ?

DËi 5.11 : bv, Avcwb †mUv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| A‡jŠwKK kw³¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡”Q AZxZ Rb¥¸‡jv ¯§iY Ki‡Z cviv| hw` fvebvKvix GB A‡jŠwKK kw³ AR©b K‡i _v‡Kb, Ges AZxZ R‡b¥ †Kv‡bv ey‡×i mv¶vr jvf K‡ib, Zvn‡j wZwb †Kej †mB AZxZ AwfÁZvB †`L‡eb, †Kv‡bv bZzb AwfÁZv †`L‡eb bv| hw` ag© Av‡jvPbv K‡ib, †Zv †Kej cy‡iv‡bv cÖkœ Ges DËiB n‡e, bZzb cÖ‡kœvËi n‡e bv| GwU n‡”Q AZxZ Rb¥¸‡jv ¯§iY Kivi A‡jŠwKK kw³| �

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[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ †`kbv 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ MZ †`kbvq Avwg e¨vL¨v K‡iwQjvg Kxfv‡e bvg‡K †`L‡Z nq Ges Zvi Av‡Mi †`kbvq Avwg e¨vL¨v K‡iwQjvg Kxfv‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi iƒc‡K †`L‡Z nq| Avwg †hfv‡e e‡jwQ, †mfv‡e hw` Avcwb bvgiƒc‡K †`L‡Z mg_© nb, Zvn‡j bvgiƒ‡ci KviY¸‡jv‡KI †`L‡Z mg_© n‡eb| Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K †`Lv| cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ n‡”Q Kxfv‡e KviY Ges Zvi dj¸‡jv AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨r Ry‡o KvR K‡i †mB Kvh©KviY-bxwZ|

cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K eySvi Rb¨ ey× Zvi †kÖvZv‡ì ¯fve‡f‡` PviwU c×wZ wkwL‡q‡Qb| cÂg Av‡iKwU c×wZ Av‡Q †hwU wkwL‡q‡Qb mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ, Ges GwU c w Um w ¤¢ vg‡ ¹ wj‡L ivLv n‡q‡Q| me¸‡jv c×wZ e¨vL¨v Kiv mg‡qi e¨vcvi, ZvB Avwg †Kej ywU c×wZi K_v e¨vL¨v Kie, †h¸‡jv Avwg mPivPi fvebvKvix‡ì wkwL‡q _vwK| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q mvwicyÎ f‡šÍi cÂg c×wZ, Ges ey‡×i †kLv‡bv cÖ_g c×wZ, hv Av‡Q mshy³wbKv‡qi wb`vb e‡M©, Ges `xN©wbKv‡qi gn vw b `vb m y‡ Î|

Dfq c×wZ‡ZB AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi1 cÂ¯‹Ü‡K †`L‡Z 1. AZxZ Rb¥ ¯§iY Kivi A‡jŠwKK kw³i gva¨‡g Avcwb †`L‡Z cvi‡eb : 1) †jv‡KvËi ag©, Pvi gvM© I Pvi djwPË; 2) cÂ¯‹Ü; 3) esk, †Pnviv, Lv`¨, Avb›`, †e`bv BZ¨vw`; 4) bvg, RvwZ BZ¨vw`| cv-AK †mqv` f‡šÍ GLv‡b †mB



nq, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KvbUv KviY Ges †KvbUv dj Zv †`L‡Z nq| hLb Avcwb Gfv‡e †`L‡Z m¶g n‡eb, ZLb m~Î I A_©K_vq DwjøwLZ Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ‡ZI cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K †`L‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi wZb e„Ë (wÎeZ©) cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi ev‡ivwU ms‡hvM ev †Rvov wZbwU e„Ë MVb K‡i : 1. †K¬ke„Ë :

—Awe`¨v —Z…òv —Dcv`vb ev Avmw³

2. Kg©e„Ë : —ms¯‹vi —Kg©fe

3. wecvKe„Ë : —weÁvb —bvgiƒc —lovqZb —¯úk© —†e`bv

(†mqv` e‡jb †h ÔRb¥, Riv Ges g„Zz¨Õ n‡”Q ÔweÁvb, bvgiƒc, lovqZb, ¯úk© I †e`bvÕ| ) KjylZvi e„Ë ev †K¬ke„Ë n‡”Q Kg©e„‡Ëi KviY| Avi Kg©e„‡Ëi Kvi‡Y m„wó nq wecvKe„Ë| cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ n‡”Q GB µg‡K †`Lv| Gi ïiæ nq AZxZ‡K †`Lvi gva¨‡g|

AZxZ‡K †`Lv AZxZ‡K †`L‡Z n‡j Avcwb cÖ_‡g cÖ xc R¡vwj‡q, dzj w`‡q A_ev AvMievwZ w`‡q †eŠ× gw›`‡i c~Rv Kiæb, A_ev †Kv‡bv ey×Qwe ev g~wZ©i A‡jŠwKK kw³i K_v e‡jbwb| wZwb we`k©bkw³i K_v e‡j‡Qb hv w`‡q Avcwb cÂ¯‹Ü‡K †`L‡Z cv‡eb|



mvg‡b c~Rv Kiæb| G mgq Avcwb †hfv‡e cybt Rb¥v‡Z B”Qv K‡ib, †hgb aiæb wf¶z n‡Z B”Qv Ki‡j, A_ev wf¶zYx, cyiæl, bvix A_ev †èZv n‡Z B‡”Q Ki‡j †mUv cÖv_©bv Kiv DwPZ|

Gi c‡i fvebvq emyb, mgvwa ’ †nvb Ges Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K bvgiƒc‡K `k©b Kiæb| GwU LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KviY, evwn¨K bvgiƒc‡K bv †`L‡j AZx‡Zi bvgiƒc‡K †`L‡Z cvIqv KwVb n‡e| Gi KviY n‡”Q, evwn¨K bvgiƒc‡K †`Lv A‡bKUv AZx‡Zi bvgiƒc‡K †`Lvi g‡Zv|

Gevi Avcwb hLb gw›`‡i ev ey×g~wZ©i mvg‡b c~Rv K‡i‡Qb, †mB mgqKvi bvgiƒc‡K †`Lv DwPZ, †hb Zviv evwn¨K welqe ‘| GwU Kivi mg‡q c~Rvi mgqKvi GKwU cÖwZg~wZ© Avwef©‚Z n‡e| †mB cÖwZg~wZ©i PviavZz‡K Avcbvi `k©b Kiv DwPZ|

hLb cÖwZg~wZ©Uvi Kjvç‡jv †`L‡Z cv‡eb, lovqZ‡bi mKj cÖKvi iƒc‡K †`Lyb, we‡kl K‡i g‡bvØv‡ii Pzqvbœ cÖKvi iƒc‡K| Zv‡Z Avcwb fev½wPË¸‡jv‡K †`L‡Z m¶g n‡eb Ges g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_¸‡jv‡KI wPb‡Z cvi‡eb| †mB g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_¸‡jv‡K GKvw`µ‡g Ges wecixZµ‡g †`Lv DwPZ Avcbvi| †mLv‡b †K¬k e„‡Ëi g‡bvØvi-wPËexw_‡K LyuRyb wekwU ˆPZwmKmn| Zvi mv‡_ LyuRyb Kg©e„‡Ëi g‡bvØviexw_‡K †PŠwÎkwU ˆPZwmKmn|

Avwg GKwU ev Íe D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨vcviwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z PvB| †mB c~Rvi K_vB aiv hvK, †hLv‡b ey×g~wZ©i mvg‡b evwZ R¡vwj‡q, dzj w`‡q A_ev AvMievwZ w`‡q c~Rv K‡i wf¶z wn‡m‡e Rb¥ †bIqvi cÖv_©bv Kiv n‡”Q|

G‡¶‡Î AÁvbZv n‡”Q weåvšÍfv‡e wPšÍv Kiv †h Ôwf¶zÕ n‡”Q GKwU cigv_© iƒc| Z…òv n‡”Q wf¶zRxe‡bi Rb¨ Kvgbv Ges AvKv•ÿv Kiv, Ges wf¶zRxe‡bi cÖwZ Avmw³ _vKv| GB wZbwU, AÁvbZv, Z…òv Ges Avmw³, G¸‡jv‡K †mB wP‡Ë Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e, KviY †m¸‡jv †K¬ke„Ë‡K m¤ú~Y© K‡i|

hw` wf¶z n‡q Rb¥ †bIqvi cÖv_©bv bv K‡i Avcwb gwnjv n‡q Rb¥ †bIqvi cÖv_©bv K‡ib, †m‡¶‡Î AÁvbZv n‡”Q GwU fvev †h ÔgwnjvÕ GKwU cigv_© iƒc; Z…òv n‡”Q gwnjvRxe‡bi cÖwZ Kvgbv I AvKv•ÿv; Avmw³ n‡”Q gwnjvRxe‡bi cÖwZ Avm³ _vKv|

GB D`vniY¸‡jv‡Z ms¯‹vi n‡”Q c~Rvi Kzkj †PZbv¸‡jv Ges Kg©



n‡”Q Zv‡ì Kg©kw³| GB ms¯‹vi I Kg© Dfq‡KB Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e †mB wPË¸‡jv‡Z †h¸‡jv cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi Kg©e„Ë‡K m¤ú~Y© K‡i|

mv¤úÖwZK AZx‡Zi †K¬ke„Ë I Kg©e„‡Ëi bvgiƒc‡K †`L‡Z m¶g n‡j Gevi GKUz wcQ‡b wM‡q †mB c~Rvi wKQz¶Y Av‡Mi mg‡qi bvgiƒc‡K GKBfv‡e †`Lyb| Gici †mB mg‡qi Av‡iKUz wcQ‡b hvb, ZLbKvi bvgiƒc‡K †`Lyb| Gfv‡e GKw`b Av‡Mi, GK mßvn Av‡Mi, GK gvm Av‡Mi, GK eQi Av‡Mi, y eQi Av‡Mi, wZb eQi Av‡Mi, Gfv‡e µgvš‡q AviI Av‡Mi bvgiƒç‡jv‡K †`Lyb| Ae‡k‡l GKmgq Avcwb cÖwZmwÜwP‡Ëi (cybR©b¥ MÖnYKvix wPË) mgqKvi bvgiƒc‡K †`L‡Z mg_© n‡eb hv gvZ…M‡f© GB Rxe‡bi m~Pbv K‡iwQj|

gvZ…M‡f© R‡b¥i KviY LyuR‡Z wM‡q Avcwb AviI wcQ‡b wd‡i hvb, †`Lyb AZxZ R‡b¥i giYvmbœKv‡ji bvgiƒc‡K, A_ev giYvmbœ-Reb wP‡Ëi welqe ‘‡K|

giYvmbœ-Re‡bi welqe ‘ wZb ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i : 1. Kg© : AZx‡Zi †Kv‡bv fv‡jv ev Lvivc Kv‡Ri wPšÍv, †hgb, c~Rv| 2. Kg©wbwgË : D`vniY¯iƒc c~Rvi mv‡_ mswkøó †eŠ× gw›ì, wf¶z,

dzj A_ev Avcwb †h DcKiY w`‡q c~Rv K‡iwQ‡jb †m¸‡jvi wbwgË (Qwe)| 3. MwZwbwgË : Avcwb †hLv‡b Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡eb †mB RvqMvi wbwgË|

gvbeRb¥ MÖn‡Yi RvqMv n‡”Q fwel¨r gv‡qi Mf©, hv mvaviYZ jvj Kv‡c©‡Ui g‡Zv †`Lvq| hw` Avcwb giYvmbœKv‡ji bvgiƒc‡K †`‡Lb, Avcwb †mB mv‡_

†`L‡eb giYvmbœ-Re‡bi welqe ‘‡K| †mUv nq Kg©, A_ev Kg©wbwgË, A_ev MwZwbwgË| GB welqe ‘ Avwef©‚Z nq Kg©kw³i Kvi‡Y, hv cÖwZmwÜwP‡Ëi Rb¥ †`q| hLb Avcwb GwU †`L‡eb, Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avcwb ZLbKvi †mB ms¯‹vi¸‡jv Ges Kg©‡KI †`L‡Z mg_© n‡eb hv‡ì dj wn‡m‡e GB R‡b¥i cÂ¯‹Ü Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi c~e©eZ©x †h AÁvbZv, Z…òv I Avmw³ †m¸‡jv‡KI †`L‡Z cv‡eb| Gici Avcbvi †mB Kg©e„Ë I †K¬ke„‡Ëi Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹vi¸‡jv‡KI †`Lv



DwPZ| ev Íe D`vniY welqwU‡K AviI fv‡jv K‡i eySvi myweav‡_© Avwg GKwU D`vniY †è hv GKRb gwnjv fvebvKvix †`L‡Z mg_© n‡qwQj| hLb †m Zvi giYvmbœKv‡ji bvgiƒc‡K †`Lj, †m Zvi Kg©‡K †`Lj †hLv‡b GKRb gwnjv GKRb †eŠ× wf¶z‡K djg~j `vb Ki‡Q| Gici Pvi avZz-fvebv w`‡q ïiæ K‡i †m †mB gwnjvi bvgiƒc‡K we‡kølY Kij, Ges †`Lj †h gwnjvwU Avm‡j Lye Mwie Ges Awkw¶Z GK MÖvgevmx, †h Zvi Mwie Ae ’vi K_v wPšÍv K‡iwQj Ges wf¶zwU‡K `vb w`‡q cÖv_©bv K‡iwQj †hb fwel¨r R‡b¥ †Kv‡bv eo kn‡ii wkw¶Z gwnjvi Rxeb jvf K‡i|

G‡¶‡Î AÁvbZv n‡”Q weåvšÍfv‡e wPšÍv Kiv †h Ô†Kv‡bv eo kn‡ii wkw¶Z gwnjvÕ n‡”Q cigv_© iƒc, †mB wkw¶Z gwnjvi Rxeb‡K Kvgbv I AvKv•ÿv Kiv n‡”Q Z…òv, †mB wkw¶Z gwnjvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ †h Avmw³, ZvB Avmw³ ev Dcv`vb| †eŠ× wf¶z‡K djg~j `vb Kivi Kzkj †PZbv¸‡jv n‡”Q ms¯‹vicyÄ, Avi Kg©wU n‡”Q ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi Kg©kw³|

GB Rxe‡b gwnjv fvebvKvixwU n‡”Q gvqvbgv‡ii eo GKwU kn‡ii wkw¶Z GK gwnjv| †m Zvi mg¨K „wó w`‡q mivmwi †`L‡Z †c‡qwQj Kxfv‡e Zvi AZxZ R‡b¥i dj`v‡bi Kg©kw³ GB R‡b¥i cÂ¯‹Ü‡K Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|

Gfv‡e KviY Ges djvdj‡K †`Lvi ¶gZv‡K ejv nq cÖZ¨q-cwiMÖn-Ávb (KviY Ges Dcv`vb¸‡jv †`Lvi Ávb)|

Gevi GKwU wfbœ D`vniY †è| GK †jvK †`Lj †h giYvmbœ RebwP‡Ëi mg‡q PviwU cÖwZ‡hvMx Kg© nvwRi n‡q‡Q| GKwU n‡”Q wÎwcUK wk¶v †Ìqv, Av‡iKwU n‡”Q ag©wk¶v †Ìqv (ag©‡`kbv Kiv), Av‡iKwU n‡”Q fvebv Kiv, Ges me‡k‡l Av‡iKwU n‡”Q fvebv wk¶v †Ìqv| †m hLb AbymÜvb Kij †h PviwU K‡g©i g‡a¨ †KvbwU Zvi GB R‡b¥i cÂ¯‹Ü‡K Drcbœ K‡i‡Q, †m †`Lj †h GwU n‡”Q fvebvi PP©v| †m AviI AbymÜvb Kij, †Kvb fvebv PP©v K‡i‡Q| †m †`Lj †h GwU n‡”Q we`k©b fvebv, bvgiƒ‡ci g‡a¨ wZbwU ¯fve—AwbZ¨, ytL Ges AbvZ¥‡K †`Lv| AviI AbymÜvb K‡i †m †`Lj †h cÖ‡Z¨Kevi fvebvq emvi Av‡M I c‡i †m cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Q gvbeR‡b¥ †hb cyiæl n‡q Rb¥vq,



wf¶z nq Ges ey‡×i wk¶v¸‡jv‡K Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q †`q| G‡¶‡Î AÁvbZv n‡”Q weåvšÍfv‡e wPšÍv Kiv †h ÔGKRb †jvKÕ,

ÔGKRb wf¶zÕ A_ev ÔGKRb wf¶z †h ey‡×i wk¶v¸‡jv cÖPvi Ki‡QÕ n‡”Q GKwU cigv_© iƒc| Z…òv n‡”Q GwUi cÖwZ Kvgbv I AvKv•ÿv Ges Dcv`vb n‡”Q Gi cÖwZ „p Avmw³| ms¯‹vi¸‡jv n‡”Q we`k©b fvebvi KvR¸‡jv Ges Kg© n‡”Q †mB ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi Kg©kw³|

hLb Avcwb Gfv‡e Avcbvi wVK Av‡Mi Rb¥‡K †`L‡Z mg_© n‡eb, Ges AZx‡Zi cuvPwU KviY, h_v : AÁvbZv, Z…òv, Avmw³, ms¯‹vi I Kg© Ges eZ©gvb R‡b¥ Zv‡ì dj¯iƒc cÖwZmwÜwPË, bvgiƒc, lovqZb, ¯úk© I †e`bv‡K †`L‡Z mg_© n‡eb, ZLb GKBfv‡e wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_©, µgvš‡q hZ Rb¥ cv‡ib, ZZ Rb¥‡K †`Lvi cÖ‡qvRb| AZxZ A_ev fwel¨‡Zi †Kv‡bv R‡b¥ hw` eªþ‡jv‡K DrcwË †`L‡Z cvb, Zvn‡j Avcwb gvbeRM‡Zi Ges †è‡jv‡Ki lovqZ‡bi e`‡j †mLv‡b †Kej †`L‡eb wÎ-AvqZb, h_v : KY©, P¶z Ges gb‡K|

fwel¨r‡K †`Lv AZxZ R‡b¥i KviY I djvdj¸‡jv †`‡L †`‡L GB we`k©b Áv‡bi kw³Uv my „p n‡q DV‡j Gevi Avcwb GKBfv‡e fwel¨‡Zi Rb¥¸‡jvi KviY Ges djvdj¸‡jvI †`L‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcwb †h fwel¨r‡K †`L‡eb, †hwU GL‡bv cv‡ë †h‡Z cv‡i, †mwU n‡”Q AZxZ I eZ©gvb KviY¸‡jvi mgwó, hvi GKUv KviY n‡”Q GB fvebv, †hwU Avcwb Ki‡Qb| fwel¨r‡K †`L‡Z n‡j ïiæ Kiæb eZ©gvb bvgiƒc‡K †`Lvi ga¨ w`‡q| Gevi fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K AMÖmi †nvb hZ¶Y bv GB Rxe‡b g„Zzï Av‡Mi gyn~‡Z© †cuŠQvb| GB R‡b¥i †Kv‡bv wbw ©ó K‡g©i Kg©kw³i Kvi‡Y Gici Kg©, A_ev Kg©wbwgË, A_ev MwZwbwgË Avm‡e| ZLb Avcwb fwel¨r R‡b¥i cÖwZmwÜi mgq Drcbœ bvgiƒc‡K †`L‡Z cv‡eb|

Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Gfv‡e fwel¨r Rb¥¸‡jv‡K †`‡L †h‡Z n‡e hZ¶Y bv †Kv‡bv R‡b¥ AÁvbZv wbt‡k‡l ~ixf‚Z nq| GwU nq An©Ë¡gvM© jv‡fi d‡j, A_©vr Avcbvi wb‡Ri An©Ë¡ jvf Kivi Kvi‡Y| Gici Avcbvi AviI fwel¨‡Z hvIqv DwPZ hZ¶Y bv cÂ¯‹Ü, bvgiƒc wbt‡k‡l wejyß nq, A_©vr An©Ë¡ Rxe‡bi †k‡l Avcbvi wb‡Ri cwiwbe©vY ch©šÍ| Gfv‡e



Avcwb fwel¨r‡K †`‡L †dj‡eb Ges NUbvejxi (a¤§) wb‡iva‡K †`L‡eb|

AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi cÂ¯‹Ü‡K Ges Zv‡ì Kvh©KviY m¤Ü‡K Gfv‡e †`LvUv‡K Avwg ewj cÂg c×wZ| cÂg c×wZ †kl K‡i Gevi Avcwb wkL‡Z cvi‡eb cÖ_g c×wZUv, hv ey× KZ©…K †`wkZ|

cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ †`Lvi cÖ_g c×wZUv wZbwU Rb¥ a‡i we Í…Z, Ges G‡Z AMÖmi n‡Z nq mvg‡bi w`‡K| GwU ïiæ nq AZxZ R‡b¥i mgqKvjxb KviY¸‡jv w`‡q, A_©vr AZxZ R‡b¥i AÁvbZv I ms¯‹vi| G¸‡jv eZ©gvb R‡b¥i dj, h_v : cÖwZmwÜwPË, bvgiƒc, lovqZb, ¯úk© I †e`bvi KviY nq| Gici GB Rxe‡bi mgqKvjxb KviY¸‡jv, h_v : Z…òv, Dcv`vb Ges fe (nIqv), G¸‡jv fwel¨r R‡b¥i dj, h_v : Rb¥, Riv, g„Zz¨, Ges mKj ai‡bi yt‡Li KviY nq|

Avcbv‡K LyuR‡Z n‡e †K¬ke„‡Ëi AÁvbZv, Z…òv I Dcv`vb‡K| G¸‡jv Kxfv‡e Kg©e„‡Ëi KviY nq, †mUvI Avcbvi †`L‡Z n‡e| Kg©e„‡Ëi Kg©kw³ Kxfv‡e Mf©ve ’vi cÂ¯‹‡Üi KviY nq †mUvI †`L‡Z n‡e|

cÂg I cÖ_g c×wZ‡Z Kxfv‡e cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K †`Lv hvq, Zvi msw¶ß eY©bv GLv‡b †kl n‡jv| †Kv‡bv †hvM¨ ¸iæi mv‡_ fvebv PP©v K‡i Avcbviv AviI we ÍvwiZ wkL‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 6 cÖkœ 6.1 : †Kv‡ b v fveb vKvi x A vb vc vb fveb vi mg‡ q hw ` w bw gË b v †`‡ L , Zvn ‡ j kvi xw i K I gvb w mK †Kvb †Kvb w el q ¸‡ j vi cÖw Z m ZK© n Iq v

ì Kvi hv‡ Z K‡ i †m Db œw Z Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i Ges a ¨vb j vf K i ‡ Z c v‡ i ? A b ¨ K_ vq , w b w gË c vIq vi Rb ¨ Kx Kx c ~e©k Z© j v‡ M? DËi 6.1 : me ai‡bi fvebvq cÖwZwbqZ PP©v KivUv Riæwi|

Avbvcvb fvebvq cÖ‡Z¨KwU Bh©vc‡_, †`‡ni cÖ‡Z¨K fw½‡Z k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZ m‡PZb _vKv DwPZ Ges †mwU Kiv DwPZ kÖ×vi mv‡_| nuvUvi mgq, uvov‡bvi mgq, A_ev e‡m _vKvi mgq k¦vmcÖk¦vm wfbœ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv welqe ‘ wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡eb bv; A_©vr Avcwb †Kej k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi cÖwZ



bRi ivL‡eb| wPšÍv KivUv eÜ Kivi †Póv Kiæb, K_v ejv eÜ Kivi †Póv Kiæb| hw` Gfv‡e Aweivg †Póv K‡ib, Zvn‡j Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM ax‡i ax‡i Mfxi n‡e| †Kej Mfxi, cÖej I kw³kvjx g‡bv‡hvMB wbwgË Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wbwgË Qvov, we‡kl K‡i cÖwZfvM-wbwgË Qvov, †KD a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY Avbvcvb a¨v‡bi welqe ‘ ev Avj¤b n‡”Q Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| cÖkœ 6.2 : em vi fw ½ w K b exb fveb vKvi x‡ ì g‡ b v‡ hv‡ Mi ¶g Zv Ge s

a ¨v‡ b cÖ‡ e‡ ki ¶gZv‡ K c Öfvw eZ K‡ i ? A ‡ b K fveb vKvi x A v ‡ Q hvi v †Q vÆ †Kv‡ b v Uz‡ j e‡ m a ¨vb K‡ i | Zvi v w K a ¨v‡ b c Ö‡ ek Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? DËi 6.2 : e‡m fvebv KivUvB bexb‡ì Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv| hv‡ì

Avbvcvb fvebvq h‡_ó cvigx Av‡Q, Zviv †h †Kv‡bv Bh©vc‡_B a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKRb my`¶ fvebvKvixI †h‡Kv‡bv Bh©vc‡_ a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Zviv Uzj ev †Pqv‡i e‡m a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i|

mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ Ges myf‚wZ f‡šÍ Gi fv‡jv D`vniY| mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ wb‡ivamgvcwË‡Z my`¶ wQ‡jb| wcÛPvi‡Yi Rb¨ MÖv‡g wM‡q wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K evwo‡Z `vb MÖn‡Yi Av‡M me mgq wb‡ivamgvcwË‡Z mgvwa ’ n‡Zb| †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m Z‡eB wZwb †mB `vb MÖnY Ki‡Zb| GwUB wQj Zvi ¯fve|

myf‚wZ f‡šÍ wQ‡jb ˆgÎx-fvebvq my`¶| wZwbI cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i `vb MÖn‡Yi Av‡M ˆgÎx-a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zb| ˆgÎx-a¨vb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m wZwb `vb MÖnY Ki‡Zb| Zviv †Kb GwU Ki‡Zb? Zviv PvB‡Zb †hb `vZv Zvi `v‡bi m‡e©v”P myweav cvq| Zviv Rvb‡Zb †h, GwU Ki‡j `vZvi g‡b Acwi‡gq Ges DrK…ó KzkjKg©RvZ †PZbv mwÂZ n‡e| `vZv‡ì cÖwZ Zv‡ì GgbB ˆgÎxfve wQj| Gfv‡e Zviv uvov‡bv Ae ’v‡ZB mgvcwË‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z mg_© wQ‡jb| cÖkœ 6.3 : PZz_ © A vb vc vb a ¨v‡ b i w el q e ‘ Kx? hw ` †mL v‡ b †Kv‡ b v

k¦vmc Ök¦vm b v _ v‡ K, Zvn ‡ j w b w gË A v‡ m Kxfv‡ e? DËi 6.3 : k¦vmcÖk¦vm bv _vK‡jI PZz_© Avbvcvb a¨v‡b ZL‡bv

cÖwZfvM-wbwgË _v‡K| †mB Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË Drcbœ n‡qwQj ¯vfvweK k¦vmcÖk¦vm †_‡K| G Kvi‡Y welqe ‘ ZL‡bv k¦vmcÖk¦vm _v‡K| GwU c w Um w ¤¢ vg ¹ A _ ©K_ v Ges w eï w ×gvM© UxKv‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|



cÖkœ 6.4 : † KD w K A vb vc vb fveb v †_ ‡ K mi vm w i A i ƒ c a ¨v‡ b c Ö‡ ek Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? A _ ev ˆgÎ x- fveb v Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? DËi 6.4 : PZz_© Avbvcvb a¨vb †_‡K mivmwi Aiƒc a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv

hvq bv| †Kb? Aiƒc a¨vb¸‡jv, we‡kl K‡i AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨vb jvf Kiv nq K…rmœ‡K mwi‡q †djvi gva¨‡g| K…rmœ welq‡K bv mwi‡q AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨vb jvf Kiv hvq bv| K…rmœ welqe ‘‡K mwi‡q †d‡j Ges AvKv‡ki Dc‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡j Z‡eB AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨vb Drcbœ n‡e| hLb fvebvKvix AvKvk †`L‡e, ZLb Zv‡K Aek¨B †mUv‡K ax‡i ax‡i evov‡Z n‡e| hLb GwU mKj w`‡K we Í…Z n‡q Qwo‡q co‡e, ZLb K…rmœ e ‘ A „k¨ n‡q hv‡e| GB AvKvk‡K Aek¨B Amxg gnvwek¦ ch©šÍ evov‡Z n‡e| GwUB AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨v‡bi welqe ‘, hv Gic‡i weÁvb-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨v‡bi welqe ‘ n‡q uvovq| AvKvk-AbšÍ-AvqZb a¨v‡bi Abycw ’wZB AvwKÂbvqZb a¨v‡bi welqe ‘| GB AvwKÂbvqZb a¨vb me‡k‡l ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb a¨v‡bi welqe ‘ nq| AZGe PviwU Aiƒc a¨v‡bi wfwË n‡”Q †Kv‡bv GKwU PZz_© K…rmœ a¨vb Ges Gi welqe ‘| K…rmœ‡K bv mwi‡q †KD Aiƒc a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB fvebvKvix hw` Avbvcvb fvebvq PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ hvq, Ges Aiƒc a¨v‡b †h‡Z Pvq, Zvn‡j Zvi cÖ_‡g `k K…rmœ-fvebv Kiv DwPZ PZz_© a¨vb ch©šÍ| Gi ciB †Kej †m Aiƒc a¨v‡b †h‡Z cv‡i|

hw` †KD PZz_© Avbvcvb a¨v‡bi c‡i ˆgÎx-fvebv Ki‡Z Pvq, †m Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| Zv‡K Aek¨B PZz_© Avbvcvb a¨v‡bi Av‡jvq Zvi ˆgÎxi welqe ‘ e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z n‡e| a¨v‡bi Av‡jv cÖej bv n‡j G‡Z GKUz mgm¨v nq| wKš‘ †mUv e¨wZµg| hw` PZz_© K…rmœ a¨vb, we‡kl K‡i PZz_© mv`v K…rmœ a¨vb K‡i Gici ˆgÎx-fvebv K‡i, Zvn‡j †m ZvovZvwo mdj n‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡YB Avgiv ˆgÎx-fvebvi Av‡M mv`v K…rmœ-fvebv wk¶v w`B| cÖkœ 6.5 : Kxfv‡ e †Kv‡ b v GKR b w b a©vi Y K‡ i KL b gi‡e, A _©vr

w b ‡ R i g„Zzï mgq Uv Kxfv‡ e † e ‡ Q † b q ? DËi 6.5 : hw` Avcwb Avbvcvb fvebv PP©v K‡i _v‡Kb An©Ë¡gvM©

ch©šÍ, Zvn‡j Avcwb GK`g wbLyuZfv‡e Avcbvi cwiwbe©v‡Yi mgqUv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| weïw×gv‡M© GK gnv‡_‡ivi K_v D‡jøL Av‡Q whwb nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z cwiwbe©vY jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖ_‡g wZwb Zvi Psµg‡Yi



c‡_ GKUv `vM Uvb‡jb, Gi ci Zvi mZx_© fvebvKvix‡ì ej‡jb †h GB `v‡M †cuŠQ‡j wZwb cwiwbe©vY jvf Ki‡eb| wZwb †hgbUv e‡jwQ‡jb †mfv‡eB cwiwbe©vwcZ n‡qwQ‡jb| hviv An©r bq, hw` Zviv cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ, ev AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi ga¨Kvi Kvh©KviY m¤Üxq bxwZi PP©v K‡i, Zvn‡jI Zviv Zv‡ì Avqy®‹vj Rvb‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Dch©y³ gnv‡_‡ivi g‡Zv GZ wbLyuZfv‡e bq| Zviv mwVK mgqUv Rv‡b bv, KLb g„Zz¨ n‡e Zvi GKUv mgqmxgv Rvb‡Z cv‡i gvÎ|

wKš‘, Zviv g‡i Ges cwiwbe©vY jvf K‡i Kg©wbq‡g, Zv‡ì Avcb B”Qv Abymv‡i bq| mvwicyÎ f‡šÍi GKwU D`vb Av‡Q :

Ôb vw fb › `vw g R xw eZs b vw fb › `vwg gi Y s; Kvj Â c w UKY L vw g, w b w eŸ ms fZ‡ Kv h_ v|Õ—Avwg Rxeb‡KI fv‡jvevwm bv, giY‡KI fv‡jvevwm bv| †Kej cwibe©v‡Yi mg‡qi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kwi, wVK †hb †Kv‡bv miKvwi PvKzwiRxex Zvi †eZ‡bi mg‡qi A‡c¶vq _v‡K|Õ

B‡”Q K‡i g‡i hvIqv‡K ejv nq ÔB”Qvg„Zz¨Õ (AwagywË-giY)| GwU mvaviYZ †Kej cwic~Y© †evwamË¡‡ì †ejvq nq| Zviv †Kb B”Qvg„Zz¨ eiY K‡i? hLb Zviv †è‡jv‡K Rb¥MÖnY K‡i, †mLv‡b Zv‡ì cvigx c~Y© Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K bv, Zviv †mLv‡b mgq bó Ki‡Z Pvq bv, ZvB gv‡S gv‡S Zviv givi wm×všÍ †bq Ges gvbeRM‡Z Rb¥ †bq Zv‡ì cvigx c~Y© Kivi Rb¨| cÖkœ 6.6 : hw ` A vgi v † Kv‡ b v GKw `b yN© Ub vq gvi v hvB , †h gb a i æ b

w egvb yN©Ub vq , A vg v‡ ì gb ‡ K w K ZL b †m B mg‡ q i R b ¨ Z¨v M Ki v m ¤¢e hv‡ Z kvi xw i K e¨_ v A b yf‚ Z b v n q ? Kx fv‡ e m ¤¢e? a ¨ vb kw ³ i Dc i w b f©i K‡ i ZL b w K †KD w b f©‡ q _ vK‡ Z c v‡ i Ges w egyw ³ j vf Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? †Kvb gvÎ vi mgvw a GL v‡b c Ö‡ q vR b? DËi 6.6 : mgvwai gvÎv ej‡Z GLv‡b jvM‡e A‡jŠwKK kw³ †c‡Z

†h mgvwa jv‡M Zv| Gme A‡jŠwKK kw³ Øviv Avcwb wec` †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cvi‡eb, wKš‘ AKzkj Kg© cwicK¡ n‡q dj †Ìqvi mgq n‡j ZLb Avi cvi‡eb bv|

gnv‡gv¹jøvb f‡šÍi e¨vcviUv Avcbvi ¯§iY Kiv DwPZ| wZwb wQ‡jb A‡jŠwKK kw³‡Z my`¶, wKš‘ GKw`b Zvi AKzkj Kg©¸‡jv cwicK¡ nIqvq wZwb a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| GwU †Kv‡bv †K¬k ev cÖwZeÜKZvi Kvi‡Y bq, Gi KviY wQj †Kej Zvi cwicK¡ AKzkj Kg©|



G Kvi‡Y WvKvZiv Zvi nvo‡Mvo¸‡jv Pv‡ji u‡ovi mgvb K‡i P‚Y©weP‚Y© K‡i †dj‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| Zv‡K g„Z †f‡e WvKvZiv P‡j †M‡j wZwb Avevi a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jb Ges A‡jŠwKK kw³ wd‡i †c‡jb| wZwb Awaôvb Ki‡jb Zvi †`n cybivq GKwÎZ †nvK| Gici wZwb ey‡×i Kv‡Q wM‡q cwiwbe©vY jv‡fi AbygwZ cÖv_©bv Ki‡jb Ges Kvjwkjv †eŠ×wenv‡i wd‡i wM‡q †mLv‡b cwiwbe©vY jvf Ki‡jb| Zvi cwicK¡ AKzkj Kg©¸‡jv cÖ_‡g Zv‡ì dj w`j, Gic‡i Zviv Zv‡ì kw³ nvwi‡q †djj, Ges †Kej ZLwb wZwb Zvi A‡jŠwKK kw³¸‡jv wd‡i †c‡jb|

Kv‡RB Avcbvi hw` †Kv‡bv cwicK¡ nIqvi g‡Zv AKzkj Kg© bv _v‡K Ges A‡jŠwKK kw³ _v‡K, Z‡e Avcwb wegvb yN©Ubv †_‡K cvjv‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ mvaviY a¨vb mgvwa Ges we`k©b Ávb Avcbv‡K Ggb wec` †_‡K euvPv‡Z cvi‡e bv| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h G ai‡bi wec‡ì m¤§yLxb nIqvi cÖ_g KviYUvB n‡Z cv‡i †h, Avcbvi †Kv‡bv AKzkj Kg© cwicK¡ n‡Z hv‡”Q|

gb †`n‡K Z¨vM K‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY lovqZ‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwUi Dci gb Drcbœ nq| QqwU AvqZb n‡”Q P¶z-cÖmv`-avZz, P¶z-AvqZb; KY©-cÖmv`-avZz, KY©-AvqZb; NªvY-cÖmv`-avZz, NªvY-AvqZb; wRnŸv-cÖmv`-avZz, wRnŸv-AvqZb; Kvq-cÖmv`-avZz, Kvq-AvqZb; fev½ g‡bvØvi, gb-AvqZb| G¸‡jv n‡”Q Avgv‡ì †`‡ni Qq AvqZb| gvbeRM‡Zi gb AvqZbnxb n‡q Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv| G Kvi‡YB gb †`n‡K Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Avgiv Aek¨ civgk© w`B †h Avcbvi hw` a¨vb jvf n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j wec‡ì mgq ZvovZvwo †mB a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Kiv DwPZ| Zvi gv‡b Avcbvi a¨v‡b cÖ‡e‡ki `¶Zv¸‡jv‡Z cwic~Y©fv‡e `¶ n‡Z n‡e| hw` Avcwb wec‡ì gyn~‡Z© a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib, Zvn‡j †mB KzkjKg© Avcbv‡K euvPv‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Avgiv Zv wbwðZ K‡i ej‡Z cvwi bv| hw` Avcwb a¨v‡b _vKvKvjxb gviv hvb, hw` g„Zzï mg‡q Avcwb a¨v‡bi g‡a¨ _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv GKUv eªþ‡jv‡K †cuŠ‡Q †h‡Z cv‡ib|

hw` Avcwb we`k©‡b `¶ nb, Zvn‡j wec‡ì mgq Avcbvi GwU PP©v Kiv DwPZ| ms¯‹vi ag© ‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K Avcbvi Dcjwä Kiv DwPZ| g„Zzï AvM gyn~Z© ch©šÍ hw` h_vh_fv‡e we`k©b



fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Zvn‡j Avcwb nq‡Zv gvM©dj jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges g„Zzï c‡i †Kv‡bv myLgq Rb¥ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ hw` An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †Zv cwiwbe©vY jvf Ki‡eb| Z‡e Avcbvi hw` A‡jŠwKK kw³ bv _v‡K, a¨vb bv _v‡K, A_ev we`k©bPP©v Ki‡Z m¶g bv nb, Zvn‡jI Avcwb euvP‡Z cv‡ib, †Kej myK…Z K‡g©i Øviv| hw` Avcbvi h‡_ó fv‡jv Kg© _v‡K, hv `xN© Rxeb wbwðZ K‡i, Zvn‡j †mB wec` †_‡K i¶v cveviI GKUv Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i, gnvRbK †evwam‡Ë¡i g‡Zv| cÖkœ 6.7 : gvM©d j j vf Ki vi c ‡ i GKR b A vh© e¨w ³ A vi m va vi Y

c „_ KR b A e ’vq w d ‡ i †h‡ Z c v‡ i b v, Gw U c ÖK…w Zi w b q g ( m ¤§ Z- w b q g) | GKB fv‡ e m yw b w ©ó fw el ¨Ø vY x j vf Ki v †Kv‡ b v †evw a mË ¡I Zv i KZ©e¨ c w i Z¨vM Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i b b v| Gw UI c ÖK…w Zi w b q g| w Kš ‘ ey× †N v l Y v K‡ i w Q‡ j b †h mew KQ z A w b Z¨1| GB cÖK…w Zi w b q g¸‡ j v w K A w b Z¨Zvi w b q ‡ gi m v‡ _ m vgÄ m ¨c~Y ©? DËi 6.7 : GLv‡b Avcbvi eySv DwPZ †KvbUv wbZ¨ Ges †KvbUv

AwbZ¨| Kg©wbqg e‡j, AKzkj Kg© ‡jv Lvivc dj †`q, Avi Kzkj Kg© ‡jv fv‡jv dj †`q| GwU GKwU ’vqx wbqg, cÖK…wZi wPišÍb bxwZ| Zvi gv‡b wK GB †h, Kzkj I AKzkj Kg© ‡jv wbZ¨, ’vqx? `qv K‡i GwU fveyb|

hw` Kzkj Kg© ‡jv ’vqx n‡Zv, ’vqx n‡Zv, Zvn‡j GwU we‡ePbv Kiæb : GLb Avcwb ey‡×i Awfag© wel‡q ag©‡`kbv ïb‡Qb| GwU‡K ejv nq ag©kÖeY-KzkjKg©| GwU wK ’vqx? `qv K‡i fveyb †Zv|

hw` GwU ’vqx n‡Zv, Zvn‡j Avcbvi mvivUv Rxe‡b †Kej GB Kg©UvB _vKZ, Avi †Kv‡bv wKQz _vKZ bv| Kzkj Kg© ‡jv fv‡jv dj †`q, AKzkjKg© ‡jv Lvivc dj †`q| GwU GKwU ’vqx wbqg, wKš‘ Zvi gv‡b GB bq †h Kg© ‡jv ’vqx| Kzkj †PZbv Ges AKzkj †PZbv¸‡jv Kg©| Drcbœ nIqv gvÎB Zviv wejxb n‡q hvq| GwU Zv‡ì AwbZ¨ ¯fve| GwU Zv‡ì ¯fve| wKš‘ Kg©kw³, K‡g©i dj †Ìqvi †h ¶gZv, Zv ZL‡bv bvgiƒ‡ci cÖev‡n eZ©gvb _v‡K|

1. m¤úv`‡Ki Dw³ : ey× e‡jb wb, ÔmewKQzB AwbZ¨|Õ ey× e‡j‡Qb, ÔmKj ms¯‹vi AwbZ¨|Õ (a¤§c`, 277)



GKwU AvgMv‡Qi K_v aiv hvK| †mLv‡b GLb †Kv‡bv dj bv _vK‡jI GUv wbwðZ †h GKw`b MvQUv‡Z dj ai‡e| GwU n‡”Q ’vqx wbqg, cÖK…wZi wPišÍb bxwZ| Avcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib, MvQUv‡Z dj aivi ¶gZv Av‡Q| †mB ¶gZvUv Kx? hw` Avgiv cvZv, Wvjcvjv, evKj I Kv‡Ûi meLv‡b †`wL, Avgiv †mUv †`L‡Z cvB bv| wKš‘ Zvi gv‡b GB bq †h MvQwUi dj aivi ¶gZv †bB| KviY, GKw`b MvQwU mwZ¨B dj Drcbœ Ki‡e| GKBfv‡e Avgiv ewj bv †h Kzkj Ges AKzkj Kg© ‡jv ’vqx| Avgiv ewj Kg©kw³ Av‡Q Avgv‡ì bvgiƒ‡ci cÖev‡n GKwU ¶gZv wn‡m‡e, Ges GKw`b hLb Kg©kw³ cwicK¡ n‡e, ZLb GwU Zvi dj †`‡e|

Avmyb Gevi ’vqx wbqg¸‡jv (m¤§Z-wbqg) m¤‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Kwi| Avgiv ewj, gvM©dj ag© ‡jv n‡”Q GKwU ’vqx AvB‡bi Aaxb ag©| wKš‘ Avgiv ewj bv †h Zviv wbZ¨| ZvivI AwbZ¨, wKš‘ hviv gvM©dj I wbe©vY jvf K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì gvM©Áv‡bi kw³ bvgiƒ‡ci cÖev‡n eZ©gvb _v‡K| GB kw³i Dcw ’wZ‡K ejv nq ’vqx wbqg| GB kw³ D”P †_‡K D”PZi dj w`‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ nxbdj w`‡Z cv‡i bv| GwUI GKwU ’vqx wbqg| GLv‡b Avcbvi GwU GKevi fvev DwPZ : An©Ë¡ jvf Kiv mnR bq| Avcbv‡K cÖPÛ cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z n‡e, cÖej Aaëmv‡qi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| D`vniY¯iƒc, Avgv‡ì kvK¨gywb †evwamË¡ Zvi †kl R‡b¥ Qq eQi a‡i Lye K‡Vvi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb me©ÁZv Ávbmn An©Ë¡ jv‡fi Rb¨| Avcwb Kíbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib †Kgb KwVb wQj GwU| ZvB Ggb Kó K‡i An©Ë¡ jvf Kivi c‡i hw` wZwb Avevi c„_KRb n‡q hvb, Zvn‡j Ggb PP©vi Kx dj n‡e? Avcwb GwU GKUz gb w`‡q fveyb †Zv|

G cÖm‡½ Avwg GKUz e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z PvB, KLb GKRb †evwamË¡ GKwU mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Ôgb y¯mËs w j ½m ¤úw Ë, †n Zz mÌvi `¯m b s; c eŸ ¾ v ¸Y m ¤úw Ë, A w a Kv‡ i v P Q › `Zv; A UVa ¤ §m‡ gva vb v A w fb xn v‡ i v m w gÀw Z|Õ

wZwb GKwU mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib hLb Zvi wb‡gœv³ AvUwU kZ© cwic~Y© _v‡K :

1. gb y¯mËs : wZwb GKRb gvbyl| 2. w j ½m ¤úw Ë : wZwb GKRb cyiæl| 3. †n Zz : Zvi An©Ë¡ jv‡fi h‡_ó cvigx Av‡Q| A_©vr ey‡×i KvQ



†_‡K Pvwi Avh©mZ¨-m¤wjZ GKwU Mv_v ï‡bB An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡Z cvivi g‡Zv cvigx Av‡Q| Zvi gv‡b †m Aek¨B Av‡M we`k©b Ávb fvebv K‡i‡Q h_vh_fv‡e G‡Kev‡i ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb ch©šÍ|

4. mÌvi `¯m b s (kv Ívi †`Lv cvIqv) : wZwb ey‡×i mv¶vr jvf K‡ib|

5. c eŸ ¾ v (mbœ vm) : wZwb msmvi Z¨vM K‡i Fwl A_ev wf¶z nb| 6. ¸Y m ¤úw Ë (¸Ym¤úbœ) : wZwb Aó mgvcwË Ges cÂ AwfÁvjvfx| 7. A w a Kv‡ i v (Pig DrmM©) : mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf Kivi Rb¨ Zvi

h‡_ó cvigx Av‡Q| Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q †h Zv‡K Aek¨B AZxZ Rb¥¸‡jv‡Z me©ÁZv Ávb jvf Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cvigxi PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨ K_vq Zvi Aek¨B me©ÁZv Áv‡bi Rb¨ we`¨v I AvPi‡Yi exR †evbv _vK‡Z n‡e AZxZ ey×‡ì kvm‡b| h‡kvaiv Ac`vb Abymv‡i, fvex ivRKzgvi wm×v_© A‡bK kZ †KvwU ey‡×i mvg‡b me©ÁZv Ávb jv‡fi cÖv_©bv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges fvex ivRKzgvix h‡kvaivI A‡bK kZ‡KvwU ey‡×i mvg‡b Zv‡K ey×Z¡ jv‡f mvnvh¨ Kivi cÖv_©bv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zviv Gfv‡e AZxZ AmsL¨ ey×‡ì w`Kwb‡ ©kbv wb‡q Zv‡ì mKj cvigx c~iY K‡iwQ‡jb|

8. Q › ` (cÖej B”Qv) : Zvi Aek¨B me©ÁZvÁvb jv‡fi cÖej B”Qv _vK‡Z n‡e| †Kgb cÖej †mB B”Qv? aiæb mviv wek¦ n‡”Q R¡jšÍ Kqjv| †KD hw` Zv‡K ejZ †h mviv we‡k¦i GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Av‡iK cÖvšÍ †mB R¡jšÍ Kqjv‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cvi‡j †m me©ÁZv Ávb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e, Zvn‡j †m BZ ÍZ bv K‡iB †mB R¡jšÍ Kqjv‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z GwM‡q hv‡e| GLv‡b Avwg GKUz cÖkœ Kwi : Avcwb wK †mB R¡jšÍ Kqjvi Dci w`‡q hv‡eb? hw` mviv wek¦ bv nq, Zvn‡j †Kej ZvBIqvb †_‡K GB cv-AK ch©šÍ R¡jšÍ Kqjv, Avcwb wK Zv AwZµg Ki‡Z hv‡eb? hw` GwU wbwðZ nIqv hvq †h Gfv‡eB me©ÁZv Ávb jvf Kiv hv‡e, Zvn‡j †evwamË¡ †mB R¡jšÍ Kqjv AwZµg Ki‡Z hv‡eb| me©ÁZv Ávb jv‡fi Rb¨ GgbB Zvi B”Qv kw³|

hw` GB AvUwU kZ© †Kv‡bv †evwam‡Ë¡i g‡a¨ cwic~Y© _v‡K, Zvn‡j wZwb ey‡×i KvQ †_‡K wbwðZfv‡e GKwU mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx cv‡eb| GB AvUwU ¸Y wQj Avgv‡ì kvK¨gywb †evwam‡Ë¡i g‡a¨, hLb wZwb `xc¼i ey‡×i Avg‡j my‡ga bv‡g GK mbœ vmx wQ‡jb| G Kvi‡YB wZwb `xc¼i ey‡×i KvQ †_‡K GB mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf K‡iwQ‡jb : ÔZzwg Pvi



AmsL¨ I GK j¶ Kí c‡i me©ÁZv Ávb jvf Ki‡e Ges †Zvgvi bvg n‡e †MŠZg|Õ

GLb, fwel¨ØvYx Ômywbw ©óÕ ej‡Z wK eySvq? GwU mywbw ©ó, KviY GwU‡K Avi cvëv‡bv hv‡e bv| Zvi gv‡b GB bq †h GwU wbZ¨| `xc¼i ey‡×i bvgiƒc AwbZ¨| my‡ga mbœ vmxi bvgiƒcI AwbZ¨| GwU †Zv Rvbv K_v| wKš‘ Kg©kw³, we‡kl K‡i Zvi cvigxi kw³ aŸsm n‡e bv hZ¶Y bv wZwb me©ÁZv Ávb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| `xc¼i ey‡×i K_v, A_©vr mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx, †mUv‡KI e`jv‡bv hv‡e bv, Avi †mUv wg_¨vI n‡Z cv‡i bv| hw` †mB K_v¸‡jv e`‡j †h‡Zv hv‡Z K‡i mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx mwZ¨ bv nq, Zvn‡j †mLv‡b Av‡iKUv mgm¨v n‡Zv| ZLb ejv n‡Zv †h ey× wg_¨vevK¨ e‡j‡Qb| GKRb ey× GKwU mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx K‡ib †Kej ZLbB hLb wZwb †`‡Lb †h Dch©y³ AvUwU kZ© cwic~Y© Av‡Q| D`vniY¯iƒc, hw` K…wlKv‡R `¶ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k †Kv‡bv GKwU KjvMvQ‡K †`‡Lb, wZwb e‡j w`‡Z cvi‡eb †h GB Mv‡Q Pvi gvm c‡i dj ai‡e| GKBfv‡e hLb †KD AvUwU kZ© c~Y©Kvix nq, ZLb ey× †`L‡Z cvb †h †m Zvi me©ÁZv Áv‡bi dj jvf Ki‡e, †mRb¨B wZwb GKwU mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

`xc¼i ey‡×i Avg‡j Avgv‡ì kvK¨gywb †evwamË¡ wQ‡jb my‡ga mbœ vmx Ges c„_KRb| ivRKzgvi wm×v_© n‡qI ey×Z¡ jv‡fi AvM ch©šÍ wZwb ZL‡bv c„_KRb| †Kej ey×Z¡ jv‡fi ciB wZwb kvK¨gywb ey× n‡jb| me©ÁZv Áv‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó An©Ë¡gvM© jv‡fi c‡i wZwb Avi Zvi An©Ë¡gvM©‡K e`jv‡Z cv‡ib wb, GwUB cÖK…wZi wbqg| GLv‡b cÖK…wZi wbqg gv‡b n‡”Q †h An©Ë¡gv‡M©i djUv e`jv‡bv hv‡e bv| Gi gv‡b GB bq †h An©Ë¡gvM© wbZ¨| Gi gv‡b n‡”Q Gi dj Av‡m GKwU Kg©kw³i Kvi‡Y, †h Kg©‡K e`jv‡bv hvq bv| †mUv Kx iKg?

Gi gv‡b n‡”Q †h An©Ë¡gvM© wbwðZfv‡eB An©Ë¡dj Drcbœ Ki‡e, Ges wbwðZfv‡eB GwU mKj †K¬k‡K aŸsm Ki‡e, mKj AKzkj I KzkjKg©‡K aŸsm Ki‡e, Ab¨_vq G¸‡jv Zvi cwiwbe©v‡Yi c‡iI dj w`‡Zv| GB Kg©wbqg‡K ejv nq cÖK…wZi wbqg Ges GwU‡K e`jv‡bv hvq bv| ZvB cÖK…wZi wbqg Ges mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx AwbZ¨Zvi bxwZi wecixZ bq|

GLv‡b Avwg Av‡iKUz gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z PvB| †Kej AvKv•ÿv ev cÖv_©bv



me©ÁZv Ávb jv‡fi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| hLb †evwamË¡iv †Kv‡bv mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf K‡ib, Zv‡ì AvUwU kZ© Aek¨B cwic~Y© n‡Z nq| Zv Qvov, GKwU mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYxI ey×Z¡ jvf Kiv‡Z cv‡i bv| †mB mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx QvovI Zv‡ì Aek¨B `k cvigx c~Y© Ki‡Z nq wZbwU Í‡i : `kwU g~j cvigx, wb‡Ri cyÎ, Kb¨v, ¿x I ’vei A ’vei hveZxq abm¤úwË Z¨vM Kiv; `kwU Dccvigx, wb‡R‡ì nvZ-cv-†PvL BZ¨vw` A½ Z¨vM Kiv; Ges `k cigv_© cvigx, wb‡R‡ì Rxeb Z¨vM Kiv, me¸‡jv GK‡Î wg‡j wÎkwU cvigx| hw` Avgiv G¸‡jv‡K ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z PvB, Zvn‡j †Kej _v‡K : `vb, kxj Ges kg_ I we`k©b fvebv| G¸‡jv n‡”Q m‡e©vrK…ó KzkjKg©| †evwamË¡‡ì Ro-ARo m¤úwË, Zv‡ì A½cÖZ¨½ Ges Zv‡ì Rxeb w`‡qI G¸‡jv Aek¨B cwic~Y© Ki‡Z nq| hw` Avcwb g‡b K‡ib †h Avcwb GKRb †evwamË¡, Avcwb wK GB cvigx¸‡jv c~iY Ki‡eb? hw` Avcwb cv‡ib, Ges hw` †Kv‡bv ey‡×i KvQ †_‡K mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j GKw`b Avcwb me©ÁZv Ávb jvf Ki‡eb| wKš‘ †_iev`x wk¶v¸‡jv Abymv‡i GKev‡i †Kej GKRb ey×B Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡ib| Avi KZ mgq a‡i Zv‡ì cvigx c~Y© Ki‡Z nq? Avgv‡ì kvK¨gywb ey× Zvi mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jvf Kivi c‡i Pvi AmsL¨ Ges GKj¶ Kí a‡i cvigx c~Y© K‡iwQ‡jb| GwU n‡”Q me‡P‡q msw¶ß mgq| wKš‘ Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi bv, mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYxi Av‡M AviI wVK KZ mgq †j‡MwQj Zvi| ZvB Avcbv‡ì ¯§iY ivLv DwPZ †h, †Kej AvKv•ÿv ev cÖv_©bv ey× nIqvi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| cÖkœ 6.8 : hL b m va vi Y †Kv‡ b v kÖveK kg_ - w e`k©b fveb v K‡ i ,

c ÖZ¨q - c w i MÖn Ávb , D`q - e¨qÁvb A _ ev ms¯‹v‡ i v‡ c ¶v Ávb c h©š Í, †m Pvi A c v‡ q R b ¥MÖn Y Ki ‡ e b v| Ggb w K †m hw ` A e‡ n j vi Kvi ‡ Y kg_ -w e`k©b n vw i ‡ q I †d ‡ j , ZeyI Zvi kg_ - w e`k©b fveb vi Kg© ZL ‡ b v eZ©gvb _ v‡ K| †m vZvb y MZ m ~Î A vi I e‡ j †h †m ªæ Z w b e©vY j v f Ki ‡ e| Zvn ‡ j , †mq v` † Kb , R y‡ b i 2 Zvw i ‡ L i cÖ‡ kœvËi c ‡ e©i mgq ej ‡ j b †h,

GKR b †evw a mË ¡, †h ey‡ ×i KvQ †_ ‡ K †Kv‡ b v myw b w ©ó fw el ¨Ø vY x j vf K‡ i ‡ Q, hw Ì †m m s¯‹v‡ i v‡ c ¶ v Ávb c h©š Í fv eb v P P©v K‡ i ‡ Q, ZeyI †m A c v‡ q c o‡ Z c v‡ i ? †Kvb m~‡ Î Gw U ej v n ‡ q ‡ Q? DËi 6.8 : Gi KviY n‡”Q †evwamË¡gvM© Ges kÖveKgvM© GK bq|

Avcwb GwU ey×esk Ges PwiqvwcU‡Ki cvwj kv ¿ ‡jv‡Z Lyu‡R †c‡Z



cv‡ib| Kxfv‡e wfbœ Zviv? †evwamË¡ hwÌ GKRb ey‡×i KvQ †_‡K mywbw ©ó

fwel¨ØvYx jvf K‡i‡Qb, Zvi cvigx ZL‡bv me©ÁZv Ávb jv‡fi Rb¨ h‡_ó cwicK¡ nq wb| Zv‡K AviI cvigx c~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †hgb aiæb, Avgv‡ì kvK¨gywb †evwam‡Ë¡i K_v| `xc¼i ey‡×i KvQ †_‡K mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx jv‡fi c‡iI Zv‡K cvigx c~Y© Ki‡Z n‡qwQj Pvi AmsL¨ Ges GK j¶ Kí a‡i| mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx I me©‡kl Rb¥, G y‡qi gvSLv‡bi mg‡q †evwamË¡‡K gv‡S gv‡S cï wn‡m‡e Rb¥ wb‡Z n‡q‡Q Zvi AZx‡Zi AKzkj K‡g©i Kvi‡Y| GB mg‡q †m Zvi AKzkj Kg©‡K cy‡ivcywi aŸsm Ki‡Z Amg_© wQj| Kv‡RB hLb AKzkj Kg© ‡jv cwicK¡ n‡q‡Q, ZLb †m Avi Zv‡ì dj‡K Gov‡Z cv‡i wb| GwU n‡”Q cÖK…wZi wbqg|

wKš‘ mvaviY kÖve‡Kiv, hviv cÖZ¨q-cwiMÖn Ávb, D`q-e¨q Ávb A_ev ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb jvf K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì gvM©dj jvf Kivi g‡Zv h‡_ó cvigx n‡q †M‡Q| G Kvi‡Y Zviv gvM©dj jvf K‡i, A_©vr wbe©vY‡K †`‡L, BnR‡b¥ A_ev Zvi cieZ©x R‡b¥| GwUI wPišÍb wbqg| cÖkœ 6.9 : G KR b A n ©rI m y w b w ©ó fw el ¨Ø vY x Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ; †m B

m yw b w ©ó fw el ¨Ø vY x Kx? †Kvb m ~‡ Î ev †Kvb Drm †_ ‡ K GB Z_ ¨ c vIq v †h‡ Z c v‡ i ? DËi 6.9 : Zvi Rb¨ Avcbviv `qv K‡i ey×esk cvwj Ges Ac`vb

cvwj †`Lyb| Z‡e we‡kl K‡i †hme An©‡Zi Kv‡Q AbvMZ-esk Ávb Av‡Q, hv wè¨P¶zi †P‡q †MŠY, ZvivB †Kej †Kv‡bv mywbw ©ó fwel¨ØvYx Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv †Kej mxwgZ msL¨K fwel¨r Rb¥‡K †`L‡Z cv‡i, ey‡×i g‡Zv A‡bK AmsL¨ ev Kí Rb¥‡K †`L‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖkœ 6.10 : ˆb emsÁv- b vms Ávq Zb mgvc w Ë‡ Z _ vKvi mg‡ q w K

w e`k©b fveb v Ki v hvq ? †Kvb m ~‡ Î ev †Kvb Drm †_ ‡ K Gi DËi R vb v hv‡ e? DËi 6.10 : a¨vb-mgvcwË‡Z _vKvKvjxb †KDB we`k©b fvebv Ki‡Z

cv‡i bv| ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb mgvcwË n‡”Q Ggb GKwU a¨vb-mgvcwË| a¨vb †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡j Z‡eB we`k©b fvebv Kiv hvq| D`vniY¯iƒc, a¨vbwPË Ges Zvi ˆPZwmK¸‡jv, G‡¶‡Î GKwÎkwU ˆPZwmK| ga¨gwbKv‡qi A b yc v` m ~‡ Î Gi D‡jøL Av‡Q| GLv‡b ey×



mvwicyÎ f‡šÍi †mªvZvcwËdj jv‡fi c‡biZg w`‡b we ÍvwiZfv‡e a¨vb m¤‡Ü †`kbv K‡i‡Qb|

D`vniY wn‡m‡e, mvwicyÎ f‡šÍ cÖ_g a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb| wZwb †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m †PŠwÎkwU ms¯‹vi‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i Zv‡ì D`q, w ’wZ I wej‡qi avç‡jv †`‡L †`‡L Zv‡ì AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e Dcjwä Ki‡jb| Gfv‡e wZwb AvwKÂbvqZb a¨vb ch©šÍ †M‡jb| GwUB Abyc`-ag© we`k©b (†gŠwjK ag© ‡jvi we`k©b), †hLv‡b ms¯‹vi¸‡jv GKwU GKwU K‡i †`Lv nq| wKš‘ hLb wZwb ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZb mgvcwË‡Z †cuŠQ‡jb, wZwb ms¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K †Kej ¸”Q wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z cvi‡jb| GwU n‡”Q Kjvc-msgk©b Ávb (¸”Q wn‡m‡e †`Lvi we`k©b)| †Kej ey×B ˆbemsÁv-bvmsÁvqZ‡bi a¨vbag© ‡jv‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡ib| KviY, GB av‡c ms¯‹vi¸‡jv LyeB m~² nq, hv mvwicyÎ f‡šÍi g‡Zv kÖveKI GKwU GKwU K‡i Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, cv‡ib †Kej ey×| cÖkœ 6.11 : †Kv‡ b v G KR b hw ` gvb w mKfv‡ e A m y¯ ’ n q , A vR ¸ w e KÉ

†kv‡ b , w ¯‹‡ R v‡ d«w b q vq fzM‡ Q, †Kv‡ b v gw Í‡ ®‹i †i vM A v‡ Q, † ÷ªvK K‡ i ‡ Q, A _ ev gw Í‡ ®‹i Ge s m œvq y- êK j ¨ †`L v w `‡ q ‡ Q, †m w K G a i ‡ b i fveb v Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? hw ` c v‡ i , Zvn ‡ j Kx a i ‡ bi m ZK©Zv A ej ¤b K i v Dw PZ Zvi ? DËi 6.11 : Ggb †jvKRb G ai‡bi fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Zviv

mvaviYZ mdj nq bv| KviY, Zviv h‡_ó `xN© mgq a‡i fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Ô`xN© mgqÕ ej‡Z Avwg eySvw”Q †h hLb mgvwa kw³kvjx nq ZLb GwU‡K Aek¨B A‡bK NÈv ch©šÍ a‡i ivL‡Z nq, Ges A‡bKevi Ggbfv‡e a¨v‡b em‡Z nq| mvaviYZ, Ggb †jvKR‡bi mgvwa Aw ’i| GwU GKwU mgm¨v| Zviv nq‡Zv mdj n‡Z cv‡i hw` Zviv Zv‡ì mgvwa‡K ci ci A‡bKevi fvebvq e‡m a‡i ivL‡Z m¶g nq, A_ev A‡bK w`b a‡i, A‡bK gvm a‡i a‡i ivL‡Z m¶g nq|

Gi weL¨vZ GKwU D`vniY n‡”Q cUvPviv| Zvi ¯vgx, yB mšÍvb, evev-gv, fvB‡qiv mevB GKB w`‡b gviv hvq| †m †kv‡K cvMj n‡q hvq Ges Kvco‡Pvco QvovB Ny‡i †eov‡Z _v‡K| GKw`b †m kÖve Íx‡Z †RZeb wenv‡i Av‡m, †hLv‡b ey× ag©‡`kbv KiwQ‡jb| Zvi AZx‡Zi cvigx¸‡jv cwicK¡ n‡qwQj| G Kvi‡Y, Ges ey‡×i ˆgÎx I KiæYvi



Kvi‡Y, †m kÖ×vi mv‡_ ag©‡`kbv ïb‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| ax‡i ax‡i Zvi gb kvšÍ n‡jv Ges †m ag©‡K Dcjwä Kij| kxNªB †m

†mªvZvcbœ n‡jv| †m wf¶zYx wn‡m‡e cÖeªR¨v wbj Ges Zvi a¨vb Pvwj‡q †Mj| †m Zvi mgvwa Ges we`k©b‡K a‡i ivL‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj Ges GKw`b Zvi mgvwa cwicK¡ n‡q DVj| †m cÂ AwfÁv Ges Pvwi cÖwZmw¤¢ vmn An©Ë¡ jvf Kij| webqbxwZ m¤‡Ü †hme wf¶zYx `¶ wQj, †m wQj Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AMÖMY¨| †m webqbxwZ¸‡jv‡K Lye KovKwofv‡e cvjb KiZ Ges G¸‡jv‡K A_©K_vmn gyL ’ K‡i wbZ|

†m Zvi cvigx c~Y© K‡iwQj c ygyËi ey‡×i kvmb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Kvk¨c ey‡×i kvmbKvj ch©šÍ, we‡kl K‡i Kvk¨c ey‡×i kvmbKv‡j| †mB mg‡q †m wQj wKwK ivRvi Kb¨v| †m Kzgvwi-eªþPh© cvjb K‡iwQj Kzwo nvRvi eQi| Kzgvwi-eªþPh© n‡”Q cÂkxj cvjb Kiv, Z‡e mvaviY kx‡ji †¶‡Î †hLv‡b †Kej A‰ea †hŠb m¤úK© †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z nq, †mLv‡b GwU n‡”Q †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi †hŠb-Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K weiZ _vKv| †m M„nx Ae ’vqI wÎwk¶v, h_v : kxj, mgvwa I cÖÁvi PP©v K‡iwQj Kzwo nvRvi eQi a‡i| †mB cvigx GB †MŠZg ey‡×i kvm‡b G‡m cwic~Y©Zv jvf Kij| ZvB, hwÌ †m cvMj n‡q wM‡qwQj, †m wÎwk¶v PP©v Ki‡Z mg_© n‡qwQj Ges An©r n‡qwQj|

Ggb †jvKRb hLb fvebv K‡i, ZLb Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb Kj¨vYwgÎ, hviv n‡”Q Zvi fv‡jv ¸iæ, fv‡jv eÜy Ges Ava¨vwZ¥K eÜy| h_vh_ Ilya Ges Lv`Ï mvnvh¨ K‡i| Avgvi AwfÁZv †_‡K Avwg Rvwb †h Zv‡ì †ewki fvMB `xN© mgq ch©šÍ fvebv a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| mvaviYZ Zviv mdj nq bv| cÖkœ 6.12 : †Kv‡ b v e ¨w ³ , hv i A b ¨vb ¨‡ ì m v‡ _ c vi ¯úw i K m ¤ú K ©

fv‡ j v b q , w Kš ‘ †m PZz_© a ¨vb j vf Ki ‡ Z †c‡ i ‡ Q, G‡Z w K Zv i †j vKR ‡ b i m v‡_ †hvMv‡ hv‡ Mi `¶Zv (Communication skill) evo‡ e ? a ¨vb j vf Ki ‡ j w K G a i ‡ b i mgm ¨vi mgva vb Ki v hvq ? DËi 6.12 : GB mgm¨v¸‡jv mvaviYZ nq †Øl ev N„Yvi Kvi‡Y| GwU

bxeiY¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU| hZ¶Y bv †m Zvi GB „wófw½ mwi‡q †dj‡Z m¶g bv n‡e, ZZ¶Y †m a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKš‘ Ggb „wófw½ Z¨vM Ki‡Z cvi‡j †m †Kej a¨vb jvf bq, gvM©dj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i An©Ë¡ ch©šÍ †c‡Z cv‡i| Gi weL¨vZ GKwU D`vniY n‡”Q Qbœ ’wei| Zvi



Rb¥ n‡qwQj Avgv‡ì †evwam‡Ë¡i mv‡_ GKB w`‡b, Kwcjve ‘‡Z ivRv ï‡×va‡bi cÖvmv‡`| †m wQj ivRv ï‡×va‡bi GK PvKivwbi †Q‡j| c‡i †m ivRKzgvi wm×v‡_©i †Ljvi mv_x n‡q DVj| GwU c‡i Zvi g‡b †ek AvZ¥-AnsKvi G‡b w`j| †m c‡i Ggb wPšÍv Kij : ÔG Avgvi ivRv; ey× wQ‡jb Avgvi †Ljvi mv_x; ag© n‡”Q Avgv‡ìB ag©; hLb wZwb M„nZ¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb, AvwgB Zv‡K A‡bvgv b`xi Zxi ch©šÍ AbymiY K‡iwQjvg; Ab¨ †KD †Zv K‡iwb| mvwicyÎ I gnv‡gv¹jøvb Zviv †Zv c‡i †dvUv dz‡ji g‡Zv, BZ¨vw`|Õ G Kvi‡Y †m me mgq iƒp fvlvq K_v ejZ| †m mvwicyÎ, gnv‡gv¹jøvb cÖf…wZ gnv‡_‡iv‡K m¤§vb †`LvZ bv| ZvB Zvi mv‡_ Kv‡iviB fv‡jv m¤úK© wQj bv| †m ey‡×i RxeÏkvq †Kv‡bv a¨vb, A_ev gvM©dj jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| KviY, †m Zvi AnsKvi I we‡Øl cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i wb|

cwiwbe©v‡Yi iv‡Z, ey× Avb›` f‡šÍ‡K ej‡jb hv‡Z Qbœ‡K eªþ`Ð †Ìqv nq| Gi gv‡b n‡”Q Qbœ f‡šÍi mv‡_ †KD K_v ej‡e bv, GgbwK †m hw` K_v ej‡Z Pvq, ZeyI bq| hLb †KD Qbœ f‡šÍi mv‡_ K_v ejj bv, Zvi AnsKvi I we‡Øl DavI n‡q †Mj| GB msNKg© AbywôZ n‡qwQj †KŠmvw¤‡Z †NvwlZvivg wenv‡i, ey‡×i cwiwbe©v‡Yi cuvP gvm c‡i|

Qbœ f‡šÍ †NvwlZvivg †Q‡o †ebvi‡mi Kv‡Q g„M D`¨v‡bi FwlcZb wenv‡i P‡j †M‡jb| wZwb K‡Vvi fvebvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡jb, wKš‘ cÖej †Póv m‡Ë¡I mdj n‡jb bv| ZvB GKw`b wZwb Avb›` f‡šÍi Kv‡Q †M‡jb Ges Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z ej‡jb| †Kb wZwb mdj n‡”Qb bv? wZwb cÂ¯‹‡Üi AwbZ¨, ytL, AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K †`‡LwQ‡jb, wKš‘ cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K Dcjwä K‡ib wb| ZvB Avb›` f‡šÍ Zv‡K †`wL‡q w`‡jb Kxfv‡e cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K †`L‡Z nq, Ges Zv‡K K”Pvb‡MvË myÎ †`kbv Ki‡jb| Avb›` f‡šÍi ag©‡`kbv †kvbvi c‡i wZwb †mªvZvcbœ n‡jb| wZwb Zvi a¨vb-mvabv Pvwj‡q †M‡jb Ges AwP‡iB An©r n‡jb| Kv‡RB, †KD hw` Zvi Lvivc ¯fve‡K cvëv‡Z cv‡i, Ges mwVKfv‡e kg_-we`k©b PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j †m a¨vb, gvM© Ges dj jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e| �

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wbe©vY‡K †`L‡Z n‡j †lvjwU we`k©b Ávb‡K µgvš‡q M‡o Zzj‡Z nq|

cÖ_g ÁvbUv n‡”Q bvgiƒc cwi‡”Q` Ávb (bvgiƒ‡ci we‡kølYvZ¥K Ávb)| Avwg Av‡Mi †`kbv¸‡jv‡Z bvgiƒc‡K Kxfv‡e †`L‡Z nq, Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q GB Ávb‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ|

wØZxq ÁvbUv n‡”Q cÖZ¨q-cwiMÖn Ávb (Kvh©KviY‡K †`Lvi Ávb)| Avwg MZ †`kbvq bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨r KviY¸‡jv‡K Kxfv‡e †`L‡Z nq Ges Kxfv‡e cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z nq, Zv e¨vL¨v Kivi mgq GB Ávb‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ|

GB y‡Uv Ávb M‡o †Zvjvi c‡i Avcbv‡K Avevi G¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e, mKj bvg, iƒc, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi mKj Dcv`vb‡K, Zv‡ì ¯fve, KvR, cÖKvk Ges KvQvKvwQ KviY¸‡jv‡K Avevi †`L‡Z n‡e| msw¶ß AvKv‡i Avm‡j Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv m¤¢e bq, ZvB hw` we ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z Pvb, me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq ev Í‡e fvebv Kivi mgq wkL‡j|

GLb Avwg ms‡¶‡c evèvwK Ávb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kie|



msgk©b Ávb (eySvi ev Dcjwäi Ávb) Z…Zxq we`k©b Ávb n‡”Q msgk©b Ávb hv ms¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K fvM fvM K‡i Dcjwä K‡i| GB Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ ms¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K fvM fvM Kiæb : y-fv‡M, †hgb—bvg I iƒc wn‡m‡e; cuvP fv‡M, †hgb—cÂ¯‹Ü wn‡m‡e; eviwU fv‡M, †hgb—ev‡ivwU AvqZb wn‡m‡e, A_ev cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi ev‡ivwU A½ wn‡m‡e; Ges AvVviwU fv‡M, †hgb—AvVviwU avZz wn‡m‡e| Avcwb GB fvM¸‡jv‡K †`Lyb Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU fv‡Mi g‡a¨ AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ GB wZbwU ¯fve‡K Dcjwä Kiæb|

D`vniY¯iƒc, AbvZ¥j¶Y m~‡Î ey× cÂ¯‹Ü‡K mg¨K „wó wb‡q †`Lvi wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb mKj iƒc, †e`bv, msÁv, ms¯‹vi I weÁvb‡K ÔAvwg bqÕ, ÔAvgvi bqÕ, Ges ÔAvZ¥ ev wbR bqÕ wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z e‡j‡Qb| wZwb e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb, ÔmKjÕ ej‡Z GLv‡b ÔAZxZ, fwel¨r Ges eZ©gvb; Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K; ’‚j I m~²; nxb I DËg; ~‡i I Kv‡Qi mewKQz‡K|Õ

Avcbvi ïiæ Kiv DwPZ PZz_© a¨v‡bi gva¨‡g| hw` Avcwb ï× we`k©bhvbx nb, †Kej Pvi avZz fvebv K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avevi †mB Pvi avZz a¨v‡b g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv DwPZ hZ¶Y bv Av‡jv D¾¡j I kw³kvjx nq| Gici lovqZ‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU AvqZ‡bi Avmj iƒc‡K †`Lyb| (ÔAvmjÕ ejv n‡q‡Q, KviY bKj iƒç‡jv we`k©b fvebvi welqe ‘ bq| )

Avcwb †mB iƒc‡K GKwU MÖæc wn‡m‡e †`Lyb (†mqv` mvaviYZ fvebvKvix‡ì †`L‡Z e‡jb, bvgiƒ‡ci ywU fvM, cÂ¯‹‡Üi cuvPwU fvM, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi ev‡ivwU fvM, Gfv‡e evi evi, A‡bK A‡bK evi †`L‡Z e‡jb), GwUi D`q-wejq‡K †`Lyb Ges GwU‡K AwbZ¨ wn‡m‡e Rvbyb| Avcbvi Gfv‡e Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb, cvjvµ‡g Ges ev‡i ev‡i †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb| evwn¨Kfv‡e †`Lvi mgq Avcbvi †`Lvi cwiwa‡K µgvš‡q evov‡bv DwPZ KvQ †_‡K ~‡i, AviI ~‡i, Amxg gnvwek¦ ch©šÍ| Gic‡i GKB c×wZ‡Z †`Lyb †mB iƒ‡ci D`q-wej‡qi Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv

e¨w³‡K me mgq e¨_v I ytLKó †fvM Ki‡Z n‡”Q| GwU‡K ytL wn‡m‡e Rvbyb|



Ae‡k‡l iƒc‡K †Kv‡bv ’vqx AvZ¥k~b¨ wn‡m‡e †`Lyb Ges GwU‡K AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e Rvbyb|

bv‡gi †¶‡ÎI Avcbvi GB wZbwU ¯fve‡K †`L‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g QqØv‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwU Øv‡ii mKj bvg‡K †`Lyb| G‡Z Av‡Q cÖ‡Z¨K wPË¶‡Y cÖ‡Z¨K ØvwiK-wPËexw_i wPË Ges ˆPZwmK¸‡jv I Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi fev½ wPË¸‡jv| c×wZUvI iƒ‡ci g‡ZvB|

bvg‡K GKwU fvM wn‡m‡e wbb, Zvi D`q-wejq‡K †`Lyb Ges GwU‡K AwbZ¨ wn‡m‡e Rvbyb| Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e bvg‡K †`Lyb, cvjvµ‡g †`Lyb, evi evi †`Lyb| Ges evwn¨Kfv‡e †`Lvi mgq Avcbvi †`Lvi cwiwa‡K µgvš‡q evwo‡q wbb Kv‡Q †_‡K ~‡i, Amxg gnvwek¦ ch©šÍ| Gic‡i bvg‡K ytL I AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e †`Lyb|

Qq AvqZ‡bi bvgiƒc‡K †`‡L wb‡q GLb Avcbvi mviv Rxe‡bi bvgiƒ‡ci wZbwU ¯fve‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡e, cÖwZmwÜwPË †_‡K ïiæ K‡i G‡Kev‡i Pz¨wZwPË ch©šÍ| GLv‡bI †mB GKBfv‡e wZbwU ¯fve‡K †`Lyb, cÖ‡Z¨Kevi GKwU GKwU K‡i, evi evi Ges Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e|

GB Rb¥ wb‡q Gfv‡e †`Lvi c‡i, Gici AZxZ I fwel¨r Rb¥¸‡jv‡KI GKBfv‡e †`L‡Z n‡e| GLv‡bI †mB wZbwU ¯fve‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i †`Lyb, evi evi †`Lyb, evwn¨K I Af¨šÍixYfv‡e †`Lyb, AZxZ, (eZ©gvb) I fwel¨‡Zi mKj bvgiƒ‡c|

Gfv‡e Kivi mgq Avcwb nq‡Zv †`L‡Z cv‡eb †h D”PZi we`k©b Ávb¸‡jv ªæZ AvqZ¡ n‡”Q, av‡c av‡c, G‡Kev‡i An©Ë¡ jvf Kiv ch©šÍ| hw` Zv bv nq, Zvn‡j Avcbvi we`k©b‡K evov‡bvi Rb¨ K‡qKUv Abykxjb i‡q‡Q|

Pwjøk cÖKvi Aby`k©b (PËvixmvKvi-Abyc¯mbv) cÖ_g Abykxjb n‡”Q AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi bvgiƒ‡ci AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥‡K †`Lv, Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e, Pwjøk cÖKvi Aby`k©b Abymv‡i| cvwj‡Z G‡ì mevi †k‡l Ô†ZvÕ wefw³ hy³ n‡q‡Q, ZvB Avgiv †m¸‡jv‡K ewj PwjøkwU Ô†ZvÕ| AwbZ¨Zvi `k cÖKvi Aby`k©b : 1. AwbZ¨ Awb”P‡Zv 2. ¶wY‡Ki c‡jvK‡Zv



3. PÂj Pj‡Zv 4. aŸsmkxj cf½y‡Zv 5. †UKmB bq Aaye‡Zv 6. cwieZ©bkxj wecwiYvga¤§‡Zv 7. Amvi AmviK‡Zv 8. wbwðý nIqvi welq wefe‡Zv 9. gi‡Yi welq giYa¤§‡Zv 10. ms¯‹vi †_‡K Drcbœ m•LZ‡Zv

yt‡Li cuwPk cÖKvi Aby`k©b : 1. ytL ytL‡Zv 2. †ivM †ivM‡Zv 3. y‡h©vM AN‡Zv 4. †dvov MÐ‡Zv 5. †kj mjø‡Zv 6. hš¿Yv Aveva‡Zv 7. Dc ªe DcÏe‡Zv 8. fq fq‡Zv 9. gnvgvix CwZ‡Zv 10. DcmM© Dcm¹‡Zv 11. ÎvYnxb AZvY‡Zv 12. AvkÖqnxb A‡jY‡Zv 13. kiYnxb AmiY‡Zv 14. eaKvix eaK‡Zv 15. y‡h©v‡Mi g~j ANg~j‡Zv 16. wec` Av`xbe‡Zv 17. KjylZvi Aaxb mvme‡Zv 18. gv‡ii †Uvc gvivwgm‡Zv 19. R‡b¥i Aaxb RvwZa¤§‡Zv 20. Rivi Aaxb Riva¤§‡Zv 21. e¨vwai Aaxb e¨vwaa¤§‡Zv 22. †kv‡Ki Aaxb †mvKa¤§‡Zv



23. wejv‡ci Aaxb cwi‡èa¤§‡Zv 24. nZvkvi Aaxb Dcvqvma¤§‡Zv 25. †K¬‡ki Aaxb mswK‡jwmKa¤§‡Zv

Abv‡Z¥i cuvPwU Aby`k©b : 1. AbvZ¥ AbË‡Zv 2. k~b¨ myTT‡Zv 3. c‡ii ci‡Zv 4. wi³ wiË‡Zv 5. Zz”Q Zz”Q‡Zv Gfv‡e AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K bvgiƒc‡K

Pwjøk cÖKv‡i Aby`k©b Kivi mgq Kv‡iv Kv‡iv we`k©b An©‡Ë¡ DcbxZ nq|

hw` bv nq, Zvn‡j AviI Av‡Q iƒc Ges Aiƒ‡ci mvZwU K‡i Abykxjb c×wZ|

mß iƒc-c×wZ iƒc‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ mvZwU c×wZ n‡”Q :

1. GB R‡b¥i cÖwZmwÜwPË †_‡K ïiæ K‡i g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ m¤ú~Y© Rxe‡b iƒ‡ci wÎj¶Y‡K Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e †`Lv|

2. GB Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mg‡qi iƒ‡ci wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv, Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e| GB Rxeb‡K GKk eQi a‡i wb‡q GwU‡K †ZwÎk eQ‡ii wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiæb| Gevi cÖ‡Z¨KwU fv‡M wZbwU ¯fve‡K †`Lyb| †mUv Gfv‡e †`Lyb †h GKwU fv‡Mi iƒc Drcbœ nq Ges wejxb n‡q hvq, GwU Avi cieZ©x fv‡M hvq bv|

Gici Avcwb GB RxebKvj‡K µgvš‡q AviI †QvU †QvU fv‡M fvM Kiæb Ges GKB cÖwµqvi cybive„wË Kiæb| GKk eQ‡ii RxebKvj‡K fvM Kiæb, `k eQi K‡i `k fv‡M, cuvP eQi K‡i wek fv‡M, Pvi eQi K‡i cuwPk fv‡M, wZb eQi K‡i †ZwÎk fv‡M, yB eQi K‡i cÂvk fv‡M, Ges GK eQi K‡i GKk fv‡M, Pvi gvm K‡i wZbk fv‡M, yB gvm K‡i Qqk fv‡M, c‡bi w`b K‡i yB nvRvi Pvik fv‡M; cÖ‡Z¨KwU



w`b y‡Uv fv‡M, Gici Qq fv‡M| cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î †`Lyb †h GK fv‡Mi iƒc Drcbœ nq Ges †mLv‡bB wejxb n‡q hvq, †mwU cieZ©x fv‡Mi iƒ‡c ’vbvšÍwiZ nq bv, Ges ZvB AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥| Avcwb †mB fvM¸‡jv‡K Gevi fvM K‡i wbb †`‡ni bovPovi mgq

Abyhvqx : PsµgYKv‡j mvg‡b †h‡Z I wcQ‡b Avm‡Z, mvg‡b I ~‡i ZvKv‡Z, A½cÖZ¨‡½i ms‡KvPb cÖmvi‡Y| Avcwb cÖ‡Z¨KwU c`‡¶c‡K Qq fv‡M fvM Kiæb : cv †Zvjv, DuPz Kiv, mvg‡b †bIqv, wbPz Kiv, cv ivLv Ges fvi ivLv| GB GKk eQ‡ii Rxe‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K w`‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K fv‡Mi wÎj¶Y‡K Gfv‡e Avevi †`Lyb|

3. Avnvi Øviv Drcbœ iƒ‡ci wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv| Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q ¶zavi mgq, Ges Avcwb hLb †L‡q‡`‡q mš‘ó nb, †mB mgq¸‡jv‡Z kZ eQ‡ii Rxe‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K w`b‡K †`Lv|

4. FZz ev ZvcgvÎv Øviv Drcbœ iƒ‡ci wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv| A_©vr Mi‡gi mgq Ges kx‡Zi mgq, kZ eQ‡ii Rxe‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU w`b‡K †`Lv|

5. Kg© Øviv Drcbœ iƒ‡ci wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv| A_©vr kZ eQi Rxe‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K w`‡bi QqwU Bw› ªqØv‡i Drcbœ Kg© ‡jv‡K †`Lv| cÖ‡Z¨K Øv‡i iƒc Drcbœ n‡q wgwj‡q hv‡”Q, †m¸‡jv Ab¨ Øv‡i P‡j hv‡”Q bv, Gfv‡e wÎj¶Y‡K Rvbv|

6. wPË Øviv Drcbœ iƒ‡ci wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv| A_©vr †h mg‡q Avcwb myLx I Avbw›`Z, †h mg‡q AmyLx I welYè, Gfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨K w`b, kZ eQi a‡i|

7. eZ©gvb wbR©xe iƒ‡ci wÎwea j¶Y‡K †`Lv| A_©vr †hme iƒc QqwU Af¨šÍixY Bw› ªq Øv‡ii ewnf©‚Z, †m¸‡jv‡K †`Lv, †hgb- cøvw÷K, w÷j, †jvnv, Zvgv, †mvbv, iƒcv, gy³v, iZœ, †Lvjm, gv‡e©j, cÖevj, Pzwb, gvwU, cv_i, I Dw™¢ | G ai‡bi iƒc‡K †Kej evwn¨Kfv‡e cvIqv hvq|

G¸‡jvB mß iƒc-c×wZ|

mß Aiƒc-c×wZ (Aiƒc-mËK) GB mß Aiƒc-c×wZ‡Z Avcwb †`L‡eb Avcbvi we`k©b-g‡bi wÎj¶Y‡K, †h we`k©b gb Dch©y³ mß iƒc-c×wZ‡Z wÎj¶Y‡K †`‡L‡Q|



Zvi gv‡b n‡”Q GLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î Avcbvi welqe ‘ n‡e GK GKwU we`k©b-gb| Avcwb GwU †`L‡eb cieZ©x we`k©b-gb w`‡q| GB mß Aiƒc-c×wZ n‡”Q :

1. †mB mß iƒc-c×wZi iƒ‡ci wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lyb, Z‡e GLv‡b iƒc‡K †`L‡Z n‡e MÖæc wn‡m‡e| Gevi GB iƒc‡K †h bvgwU †`‡L‡Q, †mB bv‡gi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lyb| A_©vr, Avcwb †mB iƒ‡ci MÖæc‡K AwbZ¨ wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Qb, Gici Avcwb †mB we`k©b-g‡bi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lyb Gi cieZ©x we`k©b-gb w`‡q| Gfv‡e †mB iƒ‡ci MÖæc‡K ytL Ges AbvZ¥iƒ‡c †`Lvi †¶‡ÎI GKBfv‡e †`Lyb|

2. mß iƒc-c×wZi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c×wZ‡Z †`Lv iƒ‡ci Rb¨ Drcbœ bv‡gi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv| A_©vr Avcwb mß-iƒc c×wZi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c×wZ‡Z iƒc‡K AwbZ¨ wn‡m‡e †`L‡eb Ges Gici †mB we`k©b-g‡bi wÎj¶Y‡K cieZ©x we`k©b-gb w`‡q †`L‡eb| Gfv‡eB Avcwb ytL Ges AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e †`Lv iƒ‡ci †¶‡ÎI GKBfv‡e †`Lyb| kZ eQ‡ii Rxe‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K w`‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K fv‡Mi cÖ‡Z¨KwU we`k©b-gb‡K GKBfv‡e †`Lyb|

3. Avevi mß iƒc-c×wZi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c×wZ‡Z bv‡gi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lyb, wKš‘ Gevi †mUv Kiæb ci ci Pvievi| A_©vr mß iƒc-c×wZi cÖ‡Z¨K c×wZ‡Z iƒc‡K AwbZ¨ wn‡m‡e †`Lyb, Gici cÖ_g we`k©b-g‡bi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lyb Gi cieZ©x wØZxq we`k©b-gb w`‡q, †mUv‡K †`Lyb Z…Zxq we`k©b-gb w`‡q Gfv‡e µgvš‡q †`L‡Z _vKzb hZ¶Y bv cÂg we`k©b gb w`‡q PZz_© we`k©b-g‡bi wÎj¶Y‡K †`L‡Z cvb|

4. Av‡Mi g‡ZvB K‡i hvb, Z‡e GLv‡b †`L‡Z n‡e hZ¶Y bv GMviZg we`k©b-gb w`‡q `kg we`k©b-g‡bi wÎj¶Y‡K †`L‡Z cvb|

5. wg_¨v „wó cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ bv‡gi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv| A_©vr GLv‡bI Avevi we`k©b-gb¸‡jv‡K †`Lyb †h¸‡jv mß iƒc-c×wZ‡Z iƒc‡K †`‡L‡Q, wKš‘ GLv‡b AbvZ¥msÁvi Dci †Rvi w`b, hv‡Z K‡i wg_¨v „wó ~ixf‚Z Ki‡Z cv‡ib, we‡kl K‡i AvZ¥ev`‡K| 6. AnsKvi‡K ~ixf‚Z Kivi Rb¨ bv‡gi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv| GLv‡bI

Avevi Av‡Mi g‡ZvB we`k©b-gb¸‡jv‡K †`Lyb †h¸‡jv mß iƒc-c×wZ‡Z iƒc‡K †`‡L‡Q, wKš‘ GLv‡b †Rvi w`b AwbZ¨msÁvi Dci, hv‡Z K‡i AnsKvi ev Me©‡K ~ixf‚Z Ki‡Z cv‡ib|



7. Avmw³‡K (Dcv`vb) ~ixf‚Z Kivi Rb¨ bv‡gi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lv| Avcwb Avevi †mB we`k©b-gb¸‡jv‡K †`Lyb †h¸‡jv mß iƒc-c×wZ‡Z iƒc‡K †`‡L‡Q, wKš‘ GLv‡b †Rvi w`b ytLmsÁvi Dci, hv‡Z K‡i Avmw³ ~ixf‚Z nq|

GB Abykxjb¸‡jv eZ©gv‡bi bvgiƒc w`‡q Kiv fv‡jv [AZxZ I fwel¨‡Zi bq], Ges Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e| Abykxjb¸‡jv †kl n‡j bvgiƒc Avcbvi Kv‡Q Lye cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e|

Avwg GLb e¨vL¨v Kijvg Kxfv‡e ms¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K fvM fvM K‡i `k©b Ki‡Z nq| GLb Avwg e¨vL¨v Kie Kxfv‡e ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi D`q-e¨qÁvb‡K AR©b Kiv hvq|

D`q-e¨q Ávb ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi D`q-e¨q Ávb yfv‡M wef³ : ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi Kvh©KviYm¤¢‚Z D`q-e¨q Ges ¶wYK D`q-e¨q| A_©vr bvgiƒ‡ci, cÂ¯‹‡Üi, ev‡ivwU AvqZ‡bi, AvVviwU avZzi, Pvi Avh©m‡Zï, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi, Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K, eZ©gvb, AZxZ I fwel¨‡Zi|

Kvh©KviY ¯fve‡K †`Lv gv‡b n‡”Q cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU c×wZ, †hgb, cÂg c×wZ Abymv‡i †`Lv, hv Avwg Av‡Mi GKwU †`kbvq e‡jwQ| GwU n‡”Q cuvPwU KviY‡K †`Lv, †h¸‡jv Avcbvi AZxZ Rxe‡b N‡U †M‡Q, D`vniY¯iƒc AÁvbZv, hv eZ©gvb R‡b¥i cÂ¯‹Ü‡K Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| G‡Z AviI †`L‡Z nq fwel¨‡Z †mB KviY¸‡jvi wb‡iva‡K, hLb Avcwb An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡eb ZLb, Ges G‡Z AviI †`L‡Z nq Avcbvi cwiwbe©v‡Yi mgq cÂ¯‹‡Üi m¤ú~Y© wb‡iva‡K|

ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi ¶Y ’vqx ¯fve †`Lv gv‡b n‡”Q cÖwZ wPË¶‡Y [cÖwZmwÜwPË †_‡K Pz¨wZwPË ch©šÍ mg‡qi g‡a¨] cÂ¯‹Ü Kxfv‡e Drcbœ I wejxb n‡q hvq Zv †`Lv| GwU n‡”Q cÖwZmwÜwP‡Ëi DrcwË I wej‡qi mg‡q †h cÂ¯‹Ü wQj Zv †`Lv, fev½wPË I Pz¨wZwP‡Ëi DrcwË I wej‡qi mg‡q †h cÂ¯‹Ü wQj Zv †`Lv, †h wPË¸‡jv n‡”Q exw_gy³ wPË| QqwU Øv‡ii wPËexw_i †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU exw_i cÖ‡Z¨KwU wPË¶‡Y Drcbœ cÂ¯‹ÜI ¶Y ’vqx| GB D`q-e¨qÁvb jv‡fi y‡Uv Dcvq Av‡Q, msw¶ß I we ÍvwiZ Dcvq|



msw¶ß Dcvq msw¶ß Dcv‡q, Avcbvi †`Lv DwPZ †Kej ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi ¶Y ’vqx ¯fve‡K| A_©vr bvgiƒc, cÂ¯‹Ü, Øv`k AvqZb, AvVviwU avZz, PviwU Avh©mZ¨, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ, Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K, eZ©gvb, AZxZ I fwel¨r| Avcwb Zv‡ì ¶wY‡Ki DrcwË I wejxb nIqv‡K †`Lyb Ges Gici Zv‡ì g‡a¨Kvi wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lyb|

we ÍvwiZ Dcvq we ÍvwiZ Dcv‡q wZbwU av‡c GB Ávb M‡o Zzj‡Z nq| cÖ_‡g Avcwb †Kej ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi DrcwË‡K `k©b Kiæb, Kvh©KviYiƒ‡c Ges ¶Y ’vqxiƒ‡c| Gici †Kej wejxb nIqv‡K `k©b Kiæb, Gici Zv‡ì DrcwË I wejq Dfq‡K `k©b Kiæb|

DrcwË ¯fve‡K †`Lv (mgy`qa¤§vbycw¯m) we ÍvwiZ Dcv‡q ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbvi evi evi †Kej ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi ¶wYK DrcwË Ges Zv‡ì DrcwËi KviY‡K `k©b Kiv DwPZ|

D`vniY¯iƒc, iƒ‡ci †¶‡Î, Avcwb iƒ‡ci DrcwËi Kvh©KviY‡K cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi cÂg c×wZ Abymv‡i †`Lyb, Av‡Mi †`kbvq Avwg †hfv‡e e‡jwQ †mfv‡e| Gi gv‡b n‡”Q Avcwb Avevi Avcbvi AZxZ R‡b¥i giYvmbœ mgqUv‡Z †`Lyb, AZx‡Zi cuvPwU KviY †`Lvi Rb¨, hv GB R‡b¥i Kg©RvZ iƒ‡ci DrcwËi KviY n‡q‡Q| GKwU GKwU K‡i †`Lyb AÁvbZvi DrcwË, Z…òvi DrcwË, Avmw³i DrcwË, ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi DrcwË Ges K‡g©i DrcwË, hv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Kg©RvZ iƒ‡ci DrcwËi KviY nq|

Gici Avcwb †Kej Kg©RvZ iƒ‡ci ¶wYK DrcwË‡K †`Lyb| Gici Avcbvi †`L‡Z n‡e wPËR, FZzR, AvnviR iƒ‡ci DrcwË‡K,

Kvh©KviYm¤¢‚Z Ges ¶wYK Dfq c×wZ‡Z, GKUvi ci GKUv †`L‡Z n‡e| Avcwb †`Lyb †h, gb wPËR iƒ‡ci DrcwËi KviY nq, FZz (ZvcgvÎv) FZzR iƒ‡ci DrcwËi KviY nq, Avnvi AvnviR iƒ‡ci



DrcwËi KviY nq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î Avcwb †mB wbw ©ó cÖKvi iƒ‡ci ¶wYK DrcwË‡KI †`Lyb|

Gici GKBfv‡e bv‡gi Kvh©KviYRvZ Ges ¶wYK DrcwË‡KI †`L‡Z n‡e| we ÍvwiZ ej‡Z †M‡j A‡bK mgq †j‡M hv‡e, ZvB Avwg †m¸‡jv ev` †è, Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î †Kej iƒ‡ci †¶‡Î we ÍvwiZfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kie|

wejq ¯fve‡K †`Lv (eqa¤§vbycw¯m) bvgiƒ‡ci Kvh©KviYRvZ Ges ¶wYK DrcwË‡K †`‡L Gevi Avcwb evi evi †`Lyb †Kej Zv‡ì wejq‡K|

iƒ‡ci †¶‡Î Avcwb Avevi †mB cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi cÂg c×wZ Abymv‡i iƒ‡ci Kvh©KviYRvZ wb‡iva‡K †`Lyb| Gi gv‡b n‡”Q Avcwb fwel¨r Rb¥‡K †`Lyb hLb Avcwb An©r n‡eb| hLb An©Ë¡gvM©dj jvf Ki‡eb, ZLb †`Lyb me †K¬k †_‡g †M‡Q [†Kv‡bv †K¬k Avi Drcbœ I wejxb n‡”Q bv], Ges †`Lyb †mB Rxe‡bi †k‡l mKj ms¯‹vi †_‡g †M‡Q [†Kv‡bv ms¯‹viI Drcbœ n‡”Q bv Ges wejxb n‡”Q bv] : GwU n‡”Q mivmwi Avcbvi cwiwbe©vY‡K †`Lv, hvi c‡i †Kv‡bv bZzb bvgiƒc Drcbœ n‡e bv| GKwUi ci GKwU K‡i Avcwb †`Lyb AÁvbZvi wb‡iva, Z…òvi wb‡iva, Avmw³i wb‡iva, ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi wb‡iva Ges K‡g©i wb‡iva, G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUB Kg©R iƒ‡ci DrcwËi wb‡iv‡ai KviY nq|

Gfv‡e Kg©R iƒ‡ci Kvh©KviYRvZ wb‡iva‡K †`‡L Avcwb Gevi †Kej ¶wYK wejq‡K †`Lyb|

Avcbvi GKUvi ci GKUv K‡i wPËR, FZzR Ges AvnviR iƒ‡ci Kvh©KviYRvZ Ges ¶wYK Dfq ai‡bi wejq‡K †`Lv ìKvi| Avcwb †`Lyb †h, wP‡Ëi wb‡iva wPËR iƒ‡ci wb‡iv‡ai KviY nq, FZzi wb‡iva FZzR iƒ‡ci wb‡iv‡ai KviY nq, Avnv‡ii wb‡iva AvnviR iƒ‡ci wb‡iv‡ai KviY nq [GwU cwiwbe©v‡Yi c‡i nq]| cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î †Kv‡bv wbw ©ó ai‡bi iƒ‡ci Rb¨ ¶wYK wb‡iva‡KI †`Lyb [GwU nq cwiwbe©v‡Yi Av‡M]|

Gici Avcbvi bv‡gi Kvh©KviYRvZ Ges ¶wYK wb‡iva‡K †`Lv ìKvi|



DrcwË-wejq ¯fve‡K †`Lv (mgy`qeqa¤§vbycw¯m) hLb Avcwb bvg I iƒ‡ci Kvh©KviYRvZ Ges ¶wYK wb‡iva‡K †`‡L †dj‡eb, Gevi Avcwb Zv‡ì DrcwË I wejq‡K evi evi †`Lyb| G‡Z cÖ_‡g Kvh©KviYRvZ DrcwË I wejq‡K †`Lyb Ges Gic‡i †`Lyb Zv‡ì ¶wYK DrcwË I wejq‡K| cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K µgvš‡q wZbfv‡e †`Lyb : Kvi‡Yi DrcwË I Zvi dj, Zv‡ì wb‡iva, Ges Zv‡ì Df‡qi AwbZ¨ ¯fve‡K|

iƒ‡ci †¶‡Î Avcwb †`Lyb GKwUi ci GKwU K‡i : cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kvi‡Yi DrcwË, h_v : Awe`¨vi DrcwË, Z…òvi DrcwË, Avmw³i DrcwË, ms¯‹v‡ii DrcwË Ges K‡g©i DrcwË Kg©R iƒ‡ci DrcwËi KviY nq; †mB GKB KviY¸‡jvi wb‡iva iƒ‡ci DrcwË‡KI wb‡iva K‡i [†mqv` e‡jb †h, GwU ÔDrcbœÕ iƒ‡ci wb‡iva bq, KviY cwiwbe©v‡Yi c‡i †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv Kg©R iƒc _v‡K bv]; Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î †mB mv‡_ Drcbœ iƒc †h AwbZ¨, †mUvI †`Lyb|

GKBfv‡e KviY¸‡jv (wPË, FZz, Ges Avnvi, †h¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUB iƒ‡ci DrcwËi KviY nq), Ges Zv‡ì Kvi‡Y Drcbœ iƒc, DfqB AwbZ¨|

Gfv‡e Avcwb iƒ‡ci Kvh©KviYRvZ Ges ¶wYK DrcwË I wejq‡K †`Lyb| Gic‡i bv‡gi Kvh©KviYRvZ Ges ¶wYK DrcwË I wejq‡KI Avcbvi †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb|

Kv‡RB, Avwg †hfv‡e e‡j w`jvg, †mfv‡e cÂ¯‹‡Üi Kvh©KviYRvZ I ¶wYK DrcwË I wejq‡K `k©b Kiæb, Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨Kvi AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ GB wÎj¶Y‡K †`Lyb| Af¨šÍixY cÂ¯‹Ü, evwn¨K cÂ¯‹Ü Ges AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi cÂ¯‹Ü‡KI Avcbvi Gfv‡e †`Lv DwPZ|

cÂ¯‹Ü‡K Gfv‡e †`‡L wb‡q GB we`k©b‡K cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi cÖ_g c×wZ‡ZI fvebv Kiv DwPZ| †m‡¶‡Î hLb Avcwb ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi Kvh©KviYRvZ DrcwË‡K †`L‡eb, cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi cÖ‡Z¨KwU A½‡K †`Lyb GKvw`µ‡g, Gfv‡e :

ÔA Ávb Zv ms¯‹ v‡ i i Kvi Y n q , ms¯‹vi w eÁv‡ b i Kvi Y n q , w eÁ vb b vgi ƒ ‡ c i Kvi Y n q , b vgi ƒ c Qq w U A vq Z‡ b i Kvi Y n q , Qq A vq Zb



¯ú‡ k©i Kvi Y n q , ¯úk© †e`b v i Kvi Y n q , †e`b v Z…ò vi KviY n q , Z…ò v A vm w ³ i Kvi Y n q , A vm w ³ f‡ei Kvi Y n q , fe R ‡ b ¥i Kvi Y n q , R b ¥ R i v, g„Zz¨, †kvK, w ej vc , ˆ `w n K e¨_ v, gvb w mK e¨_ v, G es n Zvkvi Kvi Y n q |Õ

(ga¨gwbKvq, 38) An©Ë¡ jv‡fi d‡j ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi Kvh©KviYRvZ wb‡iva Ges

cwiwbe©vY‡K †`L‡Z n‡j cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi cÖ‡Z¨KwU A½‡K GKvw`µ‡g †`L‡Z n‡e Gfv‡e :

ÔA Ávb Zvi w b t ‡ kl wb ‡ i v‡ai d ‡ j ms¯‹vi ¸‡ j vi w b ‡ i va n q , ms¯‹vi ¸‡ j vi w b ‡ i v‡ a i d ‡ j weÁv‡ b i wb ‡ i va n q , w eÁv‡b i w b ‡ i v‡ a i d ‡ j b vgi ƒ ‡ ci w b ‡ i va n q , b vgi ƒ ‡ c i wb ‡ i v‡a i d ‡ j Qq wUA vq Z‡ b i w b ‡ i va n q , Qq w U A vq Z‡ b i w b‡ i v‡ a i d ‡ j ¯ú‡ k©i w b ‡ i va nq , ¯ú‡ k©i w b ‡ i v‡ ai d ‡ j †e`b vi w b ‡i va n q , †e`b vi w b ‡ i v‡ a i d ‡j Z…ò vi w b ‡ i va n q , Z…ò vi w b ‡ i v‡ ai d ‡ j A vm w ³ i w b ‡ i va n q , A vm w ³ i wb‡ i v‡ a i d ‡j f‡ ei w b ‡ i va n q , f‡ ei w b ‡ i v‡ a i d ‡ j R ‡b ¥i w b ‡ i va nq , R ‡ b ¥i w b ‡ i v‡ ai d ‡ j Ri v, g„Zz¨, †kv K, w ej vc , kvi xw i K e¨_ v, gv b w mK e¨_ v,

Ges n Zv kv w b i æ × n q |Õ

(ga¨gwbKvq, 38) Av‡Mi g‡ZvB ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi Kvh©KviYRvZ Ges ¶wYK DrcwË I

wejq¸‡jv †`Lyb| Gici GB y‡Uv c×wZ‡K GKmv‡_ PP©v Kiæb| D`vniY¯iƒc, AÁvbZv‡K †`L‡Z wM‡q Avcwb †`L‡eb †h, AÁvbZv ms¯‹v‡ii KviY nq; AÁvbZvi wbt‡kl wb‡iv‡ai mv‡_ mv‡_ ms¯‹vi¸‡jviI wb‡iva nq; AÁvbZv AwbZ¨, ms¯‹vi¸‡jvI AwbZ¨|

cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZi Ab¨vb¨ A½¸‡jv‡KI Gfv‡e PP©v Kiæb| cÖZxZ¨mgyrcv`-bxwZ‡K Gfv‡e Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e †`L‡Z n‡e, AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨r‡K wb‡q|

ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi D`q-wejq m¤‡Ü Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ GwU LyeB msw¶ß GKwU Av‡jvPbv gvÎ|

`k Dc‡K¬k (we`k©‡bi `kwU Ac~Y©Zv)



GB av‡c, Dch©y³ c×wZ¸‡jvi PP©v Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcbvi we`k©b AviI kw³kvjx n‡q DV‡e, Ges ZLb we`k©‡bi `k Dc‡K¬k Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i|

GB `kwU Dc‡K¬k n‡”Q : Av‡jv ( Ifv‡ mv), Ávb ( TvY ), cÖxwZ ( c xw Z), cÖkvwšÍ ( c ¯m w ×), myL ( m yL ), AvZ¥wek¦vm ( A w a ‡ gvKL ), cÖ‡Póv ( c ¹n ), ¯§„wZ ( Dc UV vb ), Ges Avmw³ ( w b Kw šÍ)| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kej Av‡jv [Av‡jv Kzkj n‡Z cv‡i bv] Ges Avmw³ Kzkj gvbwmK Ae ’v bq| evèvwK AvUwU n‡”Q Kzkj gvbwmK Ae ’v, †m¸‡jv Avm‡j Dc‡K¬k bq| Z‡e Zviv AKzkj Ae ’vi KviY n‡Z cv‡i hw` Avcwb Zv‡ì cÖwZ Avm³ n‡q c‡ob| hw` G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv GKwU Dc‡K¬‡ki gy‡LvgywL nb, Zvn‡j Avcbvi †m¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K †`L‡Z n‡e AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e hv‡Z K‡i Avcwb Avmw³ KvwU‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib Ges µgvš‡q DbœwZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

f½ Ávb (wejywß Ávb) ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi DrcwË I wej‡qi Ávb AR©b K‡i Avcbvi ms¯‹vi m¤Üxq we`k©b GLb „p Ges weï×| Gici AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi f½ Ávb ev wejywß Ávb| GwU Ki‡Z wM‡q ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi DrcwË‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i †Kej Zv‡ì ¶wYK wb‡iva Ges wejywßi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`b| Avcwb ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi DrcwË-`kv‡K †`L‡eb bv, ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi w ’wZ`kv‡K †`L‡eb bv, †Kv‡bv GKwU ms¯‹v‡ii wbwgË‡KI †`L‡eb bv, A_ev ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi Avw`‡KI (ceË) †`L‡eb bv| GB we`k©b Áv‡bi kw³i Kvi‡Y Avcwb †Kej ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi wejywß‡KB †`L‡eb|

wÎj¶‡Yi g‡a¨ AwbZ¨‡K †`L‡Z wM‡q Avcwb ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi aŸsm, cZb Ges wejywß‡K †`Lyb| Gic‡i ytL‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi weivgnxb wejywß‡K f‡qi †Pv‡L †`Lyb| Ges me‡k‡l AbvZ¥‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ ’vqx †Kv‡bv wKQzi Abycw ’wZ‡K †`Lyb|

†Kej bvgiƒ‡ci wejywß‡Z wÎj¶Y‡K `k©b Ki‡jB n‡e bv, we`k©b-gb¸‡jvi wejywß‡ZI wÎj¶Y‡K `k©b Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr, Avcwb iƒ‡ci wejywß‡K †`Lyb Ges Rvbyb †h GwU AwbZ¨| Gici wØZxq we`k©b-gb Øviv cÖ_g we`k©b-g‡bi wejywß‡K †`Lyb Ges Rvbyb †h GwUI AwbZ¨|



Gfv‡e bvg‡KI †`L‡Z n‡e Ges GKBfv‡e bvgiƒ‡ci wejywß‡K †`L‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Zv‡ì‡K ytL Ges AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| GB Abykxjb¸‡jv evi evi PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e, Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨Kfv‡e cvjvµ‡g PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e, bvgiƒc, Kvh©KviYRvZ ms¯‹vi I wecvK ms¯‹vi, AZxZ, eZ©gvb Ges fwel¨‡Zi g‡a¨|

Aewkó Ávb¸‡jv Gfv‡e ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi wejq Ges wb‡iva‡K †`Lvi PP©v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avcbvi my „p I kw³kvjx we`k©b Aewkó we`k©b Ávb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ w`‡q AMÖmi n‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q :

fq Ávb Av`xbe Ávb (wec‡ì Ávb) wb‡e© Ávb (†gvngyw³ Ávb) gyw³Kvg¨Zv Ávb (wegyw³i Rb¨ AvKv•ÿvi Ávb) cÖwZmsL¨v Ávb (wPšÍvi Ávb) ms¯‹v‡iv‡c¶v Ávb (ms¯‹vi¸‡jvi cÖwZ D‡c¶v Ávb)

†h‡nZz Avcwb cÖ_g cuvPwU we`k©b Ávb‡K cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c MVb K‡i‡Qb, GB †k‡li we`k©b Ávb¸‡jv ZvovZvwo MwVZ n‡e| G¸‡jvi Rb¨ K‡qKwU wb‡ ©kbv Av‡Q, Z‡e †m¸‡jv e¨vL¨vi mgq GLb †bB|

GB we`k©b Ávb¸‡jvi c‡i, Avcwb hLb cÖ‡Z¨K ms¯‹v‡ii D`q-wejq‡K †`L‡Z _vK‡eb, †m¸‡jv †_‡K gyw³i AvKv•ÿvq, Avcwb GKmgq †`L‡eb †h me ms¯‹vi †_‡g †M‡Q| Avcbvi gb mivmwi Ges m¤ú~Y© m‡PZbfv‡e ms¯‹vinxb wbe©vY‡K Zvi welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e †`L‡e|

Gici Avcwb Pvi Avh©m‡Zï mwZ¨Kvi Ávb‡K AR©b Ki‡eb Ges wb‡R wb‡RB wbe©vY‡K Dcjwä Ki‡eb| GB Dcjwäi gva¨‡g Avcbvi gb weï× n‡q hv‡e Ges wg_¨v „wófw½ †_‡K gy³ n‡e| hw` Gfv‡e fvebv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avcwb An©Ë¡ Ges cwiwbe©vY jvf Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb|

we`k©b fvebv wel‡q AviI A‡bK wKQz Av‡Q, wKš‘ †m¸‡jv‡K Avgvi ev` w`‡Z n‡q‡Q hv‡Z K‡i GB e¨vL¨v hZUv m¤¢e †QvU K‡i Kiv hvq| GB fvebv m¤ú‡K© †kLvi me‡P‡q fv‡jv DcvqUv n‡”Q †Kv‡bv my`¶



¸iæi Aax‡b GKwU fvebv †Kvm© Kiv, KviY †mLv‡b Avcwb GKUv wm‡÷‡gi g‡a¨, av‡c av‡c wkL‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖ‡kœvËi ce© - 7 cÖkœ 7.1 : msÁv Ges msÁv¯‹‡ Üi g‡ a ¨ c v_©K¨ Kx? †e`b v Ge s †e`b v¯‹‡ Üi g‡ a ¨ c v_ ©K¨ Kx? DËi 7.1 : GMvi cÖKvi msÁv‡K GK‡Î ejv nq msÁv¯‹Ü| GMvi

cÖKvi †e`bv ev Abyf‚wZ‡K GK‡Î ejv nq †e`bv¯‹Ü| †Kv‡bv GMviwU? AZxZ, eZ©gvb, fwel¨r, Af¨šÍixY, evwn¨K, ’‚j, m~², nxb, DËg, Kv‡Q Ges ~‡i| mKj cÂ¯‹Ü‡K Gfv‡e eySv DwPZ| Gi we ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ †`Lyb mshy³wbKv‡qi ¯‹Üe‡M©i ¯‹Ü myÎ| cÖkœ 7.2 : ¯§„w Z (memory), A b ygvb , Ges m „R b kxj Zv G¸‡ j v †Kvb

ˆPZw m‡ Ki A a x‡ b _ v‡ K? Zvi v c Â¯‹‡ Üi A sk, w Kš ‘ Zvi v Kxf v‡ e yt L n q ? DËi 7.2 : ¯§„wZ Kx? hw` Avcwb AZxZ, eZ©gvb, Ges fwel¨‡Zi

cigv_© bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib ev Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges †m¸‡jv‡K AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb, Zvn‡j †mwUB mg¨K ¯§„wZ, †h ¯§„wZ we`k©b Áv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| GB ¯§„wZ †PŠwÎk cÖKvi ˆPZwm‡Ki mv‡_I m¤úK©hy³, hv GK‡Î PviwU bvg¯‹Ü MVb K‡i| ey×, ag©, msN‡K Ges AZx‡Z Zv‡ì c~Rv Kiv‡K g‡b Ki‡Z cvivUvI mg¨K ¯§„wZ| †Kv‡bv K‡g©i ¯§i‡Yi d‡j hw` Kzkj ag© Drcbœ nq, Z‡e ZvI mg¨K ¯§„wZ, wKš‘ hw` AKzkj ag© Drcbœ K‡i Zvn‡j †mUv mg¨K ¯§„wZ bq| GwU n‡”Q AKzkj msÁv, †h msÁv¸‡jv AKzkj a‡g©i mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| G¸‡jvI PviwU bvg¯‹Ü| Kzkj Ges AKzkj bvg¯‹Ü¸‡jv AwbZ¨| Drcbœ nIqv gvÎ Zviv wejxb n‡q hvq| Zviv cÖwZwbqZ D`q-wej‡qi Aaxb Ges †mRb¨ Zviv ytL| cÖkœ 7.3 : Ôw el q e ‘ w n ‡ m‡ e † b Iq vÕ i Kv‡ R †Kvb ˆPZw m K R w oZ? DËi 7.3 : mKj wPË Ges ˆPZwmK¸‡jvB †Kv‡bv GKwU welqe ‘

†bq| welqe ‘ Qvov Zviv Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv| wPË Ges ˆPZwmK¸‡jv n‡”Q KZ©v| Avj¤bxq ag©¸‡jv ( A vi ¤§w Y K- a ¤§) welqe ‘ ev Avj¤b



( A vi ¤§Y ) Qvov Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avj¤bxq ag© n‡”Q GKwU ag© ev NUbv hvi Rb¨ GKwU welqe ‘ jv‡M| Ab¨ K_vq †h Avj¤bxq ag© Zvi welqe ‘‡K Rv‡b| wewfbœ MÖæ‡ci wPË I ˆPZwmK¸‡jv wewfbœ welqe ‘ MÖnY K‡i| EbbeŸB cÖKvi wPË Av‡Q, Ges evqvbœ cÖKvi ˆPZwmK Av‡Q, Zviv mevB Zv‡ì wbR wbR welqe ‘ MÖnY K‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc, gvM©wPË I mnRvZ ˆPZwmK Ges djwPË I mnRvZ ˆPZwmK¸‡jv wbe©vY‡K welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e †bq| Avbvcvb a¨v‡bi wPË Ges ZrmnRvZ ˆPZwmK¸‡jv GKwUB welqe ‘ †bq, †mwU n‡”Q Avbvcvb cÖwZfvM-wbwgË| wKš‘, KvgvePi wPË fv‡jv-g›` A‡bK welqe ‘ †bq| hw` we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j Avcbvi Awfag© wel‡q cov‡kvbv Kiv DwPZ, we‡kl K‡i Awfag©v_©-msMÖ‡ni Avj¤b As‡k †`Lyb| cÖkœ 7.4 : ms‡ Ni K vR w K G KR ‡ b i fveb vq c Öfve †d ‡ j ? Gw U w K

e¨w ³ w e‡ k‡ l i Dc i w b f©i K‡ i ? b vw K fveb vi GKw U c h©v‡ q w M‡ q evB ‡ i i KvR A vi †Kv‡ b v c Öfve †d ‡ j b v? DËi 7.4 : A‡bK my‡Î ey× wf¶z‡ì wb‡gœv³ KvR¸‡jv Kivi Rb¨

mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb : 1. Kg©wcÖq 2. evK¨wcÖq 3. wb ªvwcÖq 4. m½wcÖq 5. Bw› ªq¸‡jv‡Z Amshg 6. †fvR‡b gvÎvÁvbnxb 7. ARvMiYkxj 8. kg_-we`k©b fvebvq Ajm wf¶z| ZvB hw` ms‡Ni Rb¨ A_ev wb‡Ri Rb¨ †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z nq,

Zvn‡j †mUv hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e K‡i †djvi †Póv Kiæb Ges Gici kvšÍ gb wb‡q wb‡Ri fvebvq wd‡i hvb| wKš‘ hw` Avcwb Lye †ewk KvR Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡ib, Zvn‡j †mUv fvebvi Rb¨ GKwU evav| †mB Kg©wcÖqZv fv‡jv mgvwa M‡o Zzj‡Z evav n‡q uvovq| KviY, Ggb Kg©wcÖqZv wb‡q mgvwa‡Z cÖej I kw³kvjx ¯§„wZ jvf Kiv hvq bv| cÖkœ 7.5 : † Kv‡ b v e¨w ³ hw ` L v i vc D‡ Ïk¨ w b ‡ q a ¨vb j vf Ki ‡ Z Pvq ,

Zvn ‡ j †m B a ¨vb j vf K‡ i w K †Kv‡ b v m yw ea v c vIq v h v‡ e? A _ ev



D`vn i Y ¯i ƒ c GK e¨w ³ ms‡ Ni UvKv w b ‡ Ri e¨w ³ MZ Kv‡ R L i P Ki j , Ges †m Gw U‡ K L vi vc w n ‡ m‡ e g‡ b Ki j b v| hL b †m P Zz_ © a ¨vb c h©š Í j vf Ki ‡ e, Zvi gb ev „w ó fw ½ w K c vë v‡ e? DËi 7.5 : G‡¶‡Î Avcbvi GKRb M„nx I GKRb wf¶zi g‡a¨

cv_©K¨ eySv DwPZ| GKRb wf¶z †Kv‡bv AvcwË K‡i _vK‡j †mUv Zvi a¨vb jv‡fi AšÍivq| D`vniY¯iƒc, hw` †m ms‡Ni UvKv e¨w³MZ Kv‡R eënvi K‡i _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zvi Rb¨ a¨vb jvf mnR n‡e bv, hw` bv †m Zvi AvcwË‡K ms‡kvab K‡i| A_©vr †m hZ UvKv LiP K‡i‡Q Zvi mgcwigv‡Yi wRwbmcÎ ev PZzcÖ©Z¨q †diZ w`‡Z n‡e| Zvici Zv‡K ms‡Ni mvg‡b A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wf¶zi mvg‡b Zvi Aciva ¯xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Zv‡K GKwU AvcwË †`kbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e Zvi †`vl‡K ms‡kvab K‡i hw` †m kg_-we`k©b PP©v K‡i, Zvn‡j †m a¨vb, gvM© I dj jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e| hw` Zvi AvcwË‡K ms‡kvab bv K‡i †m mwZ¨B a¨vb jvf K‡i _v‡K, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv †m mwZ¨Kv‡ii wf¶z bq, ZvB GB AcivaUv Zvi Rb¨ cÖK…Zc‡¶ †Kv‡bv Aciva bq|

hw` e¨w³ M„nx nq, Zvn‡j NUbv AbïKg n‡q uvovq| M„nx †jvK‡ì Rb¨, fvebvi mg‡q kxjweï× _vKv Avek¨K| fvebvi mg‡q Zv‡ì kxj hw` weï× _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zviv a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i, hwÌ fvebvi Av‡M nq‡Zv Zviv yó wQj| D`vniY¯iƒc, ag©c‡ì A_©K_vq, Ly¾zËiv bv‡gi GK `vmxi Mí Av‡Q| †m wQj ivRv D`q‡bi ivYx k¨vgveZxi `vmx| cÖwZw`b ivRv D`qb Zv‡K ivYxi Rb¨ dzj wK‡b Avb‡Z AvUwU gy`ªv w`‡Zb| cÖwZw`b Ly¾zËiv PviwU gy ªv c‡K‡U †i‡L w`Z, Ges evwK PviwU gy ªv w`‡q dzj wK‡b AvbZ| GKw`b, ey× wf¶zmsNmn dzjIqvjvi evwo‡Z wcÛPvi‡Yi Rb¨ Avm‡jb| Ly¾zËiv dzjIqvjv‡K wcÛ`vb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kij| LvIqvi ce© †k‡l ey× GKwU ag©‡`kbv w`‡jb, G‡Z Ly¾zËiv †mªvZvcbœ n‡jv| †mw`b Avi †m PviwU gy ªv c‡K‡U †i‡L w`j bv, cy‡iv AvUwU gy ªv w`‡qB dzj wK‡b Avbj| hLb †m dzj¸‡jv ivYx k¨vgveZx‡K w`j, ivYx †ewk dzj †`‡L AevK n‡jb| ZLb Ly¾zËiv wb‡Ri †`vl ¯xKvi Kij|

A½ywjgvj f‡šÍi K_v aiæb bv| †m wQj weL¨vZ Lybx| wKš‘ wf¶z wn‡m‡e †m Zvi kxj weï× Kij Ges K‡Vvi fvebv Kij| ZvB †m An©Ë¡ jvf Kij| GB Z_¨wUI we‡ePbv Kiæb, GB msmviP‡µ cÖ‡Z¨‡KB



fv‡jv-g›` Kg© K‡i‡Q| Ggb †KD †bB †h Lvivc KvR †_‡K gy³| wKš‘ hw` Zviv fvebv Kivi Av‡M Zv‡ì kxj‡K weï× K‡i †bq, Zvn‡j Av‡Mi Lvivc KvR¸‡jv Avi Zv‡ì a¨vb jv‡f evav w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e †mB Lvivc KvR¸‡jv AvbšÍwiK Kg© n‡Z cvi‡e bv| cuvPwU AvbšÍwiK Kg© n‡”Q :

1. wb‡Ri gv‡K nZ¨v Kiv 2. wb‡Ri evev‡K nZ¨v Kiv 3. GKRb An©r‡K nZ¨v Kiv 4. Lvivc D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q ey‡×i †`n †_‡K i³cvZ NUv‡bv 5. m‡•N we‡f` m„wó Kiv hw` G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv GKwU Kiv n‡q hvq, Zvn‡j †m Avi a¨vb, gvM©

ev dj †Kv‡bvUvB jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †hgb ivRv ARvZkÎæ| ivRv ARvZkÎæi kÖvgY¨dj m~Î †`kbv †kvbvi c‡i †mªvZvcbœ nIqvi g‡Zv cvigx wQj| wKš‘, wZwb wb‡Ri evev ivRv wew¤mvi‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQ‡jb| GB Lvivc KvR Zv‡K Avh©cy`Mj n‡Z evav w`‡q‡Q|

Avcwb wR‡Ám K‡i‡Qb, Ggb †jv‡Ki gb ev aviYv cvëvq wK bv| a¨vb `xN© mgq a‡i bxeiY¸‡jv‡K ~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i| `xN© mgq ej‡Z Avwg eySvw”Q †h hw` Zviv GK NÈvi Rb¨ a¨v‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i, Zvn‡j †mB GK NÈv bxeiY¸‡jv Sv‡gjv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hLb Zviv a¨vb †_‡K D‡V Av‡m, A‡hvwbk gb¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y bxeiY¸‡jv Avevi Avm‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Avgiv wbwðZ K‡i ej‡Z cvwi bv †mB e¨w³ a¨vb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e wK bv, Zvi gb cvëv‡e wK bv| Avgiv †Kej ej‡Z cvwi †h hLb †m a¨v‡b _vK‡e, ZLb bxeiY¸‡jv Avm‡e bv|

Gi e¨wZµgI Av‡Q, †hgb gnvbvM gnv‡_‡iv| wZwb wQ‡jb ag©w`bœ bv‡gi GK An©r wf¶zi ¸iæ| wZwb Qq eQi a‡i kg_ I we`k©b PP©v K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ ZL‡bv c„_KRb wQ‡jb| hwÌ wZwb c„_KRb wQ‡jb, †Kv‡bv †K¬k Zvi Kv‡Q †Nul‡Z cv‡i wb Zvi kw³kvjx kg_ I we`k©b fvebvi Kvi‡Y| G Kvi‡Y wZwb †f‡ewQ‡jb wZwb GKRb An©r| wKš‘ Zvi wkl¨ ag©w`bœ RvbZ wZwb An©r bb, GL‡bv c„_KRb| ZvB ag©w`bœ Zv‡K c‡iv¶fv‡e Dcjwä Kivj †h wZwb GL‡bv c„_KRb| hLb gnvbvM gnv‡_‡iv Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb †h wZwb GL‡bv c„_KRb, wZwb we`k©‡b gb w`‡jb Ges K‡qK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ An©Ë¡ jvf Ki‡jb| wKš‘ GwU n‡”Q



Pig e¨wZµgx GKUv NUbv| Avcbvi GB wRwbmwUI ¯§i‡Y ivLv DwPZ : wZwb wQ‡jb cwiqwË I

cÖwZcwË‡Z `¶| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb fvebv ¸iæ, Zvi ag©w`‡bœi g‡Zv A‡bK An©r wkl¨ wQj| hwÌ wZwb kg_-we`k©b fvebvq `¶ wQ‡jb, wZwb GKB ai‡bi AwfÁZv‡K An©Ë¡ e‡j fzj †f‡ewQ‡jb| ZvB hw` Avcwb †f‡e _v‡Kb †h ÔAvwg cÖ_g a¨vb jvf K‡iwQ, BZ¨vw`Õ Zvn‡j Avcbvi AwfÁZv‡K A‡bK w`b a‡i, A‡bK gvm a‡i cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c wbix¶Y Kiv DwPZ| †Kb? hw` GwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii a¨vb nq, mwZ¨Kv‡ii we`k©b nq, Zvn‡j †m¸‡jv Avcbvi Rb¨ DcKvix, Zviv Avcbv‡K wbe©vY jv‡f mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Avi wbe©vY n‡”Q †_iev`x †eŠ×a‡g© weï×-f‚wg (Pure land)| wKš‘ K…wÎg a¨vb Ges K…wÎg we`k©b GB myweavUv w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Avcwb wK Avmj myweav Pvb bvwK bKj myweav Pvb? Avcbvi wb‡R‡K GB cÖkœ Kiv DwPZ|

ZvB Avwg civgk© w`‡Z PvB †h, Ab¨‡ì Lye kxNªB ej‡eb bv, ÔAvwg cÖ_g a¨vb †c‡qwQ, BZ¨vw`Õ, KviY G‡Z nq‡Zv †KD GKRb wek¦vm Ki‡e bv| Avcbvi AwfÁZv nq‡Zv mwZ¨, wKš‘ GwU gnvbvM gnv‡_‡ivi g‡Zv fzjI n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB GB mgm¨vi e¨vcv‡i Avcbv‡ì mZK© _vKv DwPZ| cÖkœ 7.6 : Kj vc I c i gv_ © i ƒ ‡c i g‡ a ¨ c v_©K¨ Kx? DËi 7.6 : Kjvc n‡”Q ¶z ª KYv| fvebvKvix hLb Kjvç‡jv‡K

we‡kølY K‡ib, ZLb wZwb cig iƒc‡K †`‡Lb| GKwU Kjv‡c Kgc‡¶ AvU cÖKvi iƒc _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡”Q : c„w_exavZz, AvcavZz, †ZRavZz, evqyavZz, eY©avZz, MÜavZz, imavZz Ges IRavZz| GB AvUwU avZz n‡”Q cig iƒc| wKQz wKQz Kjv‡c beg GKwU avZzI _v‡K : RxweZ-iƒc| Ab¨vb¨ Kjv‡c `kg iƒcI _v‡K : fveiƒc A_ev cÖmv`-avZziƒc (¯”Q avZziƒc)| GB AvU, bq A_ev `kwU avZz n‡”Q mK‡jB cig iƒc| cÖkœ 7.7 : Kj vc Ges c i g i ƒ c ‡ K †`L ‡ Z mg_© n ‡ j †Kv‡ b v

fveb vKvi xi w PË I „w ó fw ½ w K c vë vq ? DËi 7.7 : hLb †m we`k©b Áv‡bi Øviv cÖ‡Z¨K Kjv‡ci cig

iƒc‡K †`‡L, Zvi gb Ges „wó cvëvq, wKš‘ †Kej mvgwqKfv‡e| KviY, we`k©b Ávb „wó Ges Ab¨vb¨ †K¬k¸‡jv‡K †Kej mvgwqKfv‡e ~i K‡i †`q| GwU n‡”Q Avh©gvM© hv av‡c av‡c wg_¨v „wó Ges Ab¨vb¨ †K¬k‡K



m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ~i K‡i †`q| cÖkœ 7.8 : Kxfv‡ e mgvw a w PË w eï w × K‡ i ? mgvw ai gva ¨‡g †Kvb

a i ‡ b i †K¬k¸‡ j v ~i xf‚ Z n q ? DËi 7.8 : mgvwai PP©v n‡”Q cÂ bxei‡Yi mivmwi wecixZ| DcPvi

Ges cÖ_g a¨vb mgvwa cÂ bxeiY‡K `xN© mg‡qi Rb¨ ~‡i iv‡L| wØZxq a¨vb weZK© I wePvi‡K ~‡i iv‡L| Z…Zxq a¨vb cÖxwZ‡K ~i K‡i| PZz_© a¨vb myL‡K ~i K‡i| Gfv‡e gb mgvwa Øviv weï× nq Ges GUv‡KB ejv nq wPËweïw×| cÖkœ 7.9 : w e`k©b Kxfv‡ e „w ó w eï w × K‡ i ? †Kvb a i ‡ bi †K¬k¸‡ j v

w e`k©b Ø vi v ~i xf‚Z n q ? DËi 7.9 : cigv_© bvgiƒc, Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv Ges Zv‡ì AwbZ¨,

ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K †`Lvi Av‡M fvebvKvixi GB wg_¨v „wófw½ _vK‡Z cv‡i, †hgb : ÔGwU GKwU cyiæl, gwnjv, gv, evev, AvZ¥ ev wbR, BZ¨vw`|Õ wKš‘ hLb †m cigv_© bvgiƒc, Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv, Zv‡ì AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K †`‡L, GB wg_¨v „wó mvgwqKfv‡e ~ixf‚Z nq| mvgwqKfv‡e †Kb? †m †Kej cigv_© bvgiƒc I Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K †`‡L| †m AviI †`‡L †h Drcbœ nIqv gvÎB Zviv wejxb n‡q hvq, hv Zv‡ì AwbZ¨ ¯fve| Zviv me mgqB D`q-wej‡qi Aaxb, hv Zv‡ì ytL ¯fve| GB bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡Z †Kv‡bv AvZ¥ ev wbR e‡j wKQz †bB, hv Zv‡ì AbvZ¥ ¯fve| GwUB we`k©b Ávb| GwUB mg¨K „wó, hv wg_¨v „wó‡K ~ixf‚Z K‡i|

AZGe, hLb fvebvKvix we`k©b fvebvq _v‡K, ZLb mg¨K „wó eZ©gvb _v‡K| wKš‘, hLb †m we`k©b fvebv eÜ K‡i ZLb A‡hvwbk ev A`¶ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y „wófw½ Avevi Av‡Mi g‡Zv wg_¨v „wó‡Z cwiYZ nq| †m Avevi Av‡Mi g‡Zv †`‡L : ÔGwU GKwU cyiæl, gwnjv, gv, evev, AvZ¥, BZ¨vw`|Õ Gi mv‡_ mswkøó †K¬k †hgb, Avmw³, AnsKvi, †µva BZ¨vwÌ ZLb wd‡i Av‡m| wKš‘ hLb we`k©b fvebvq wd‡i hvq, GB wg_¨v „wó Avevi ~ixf‚Z nq| Z‡e hLb †m gvM©dj jvf K‡i, Zvi gvM©Ávb †mB wg_¨v „wó Ges Ab¨vb¨ †K¬k¸‡jv‡K av‡c av‡c, m¤ú~Y©fv‡e aŸsm K‡i| cÖkœ 7.10 : w PË I „w ó i g‡ a ¨ c v_ ©K¨ Kx? DËi 7.10 : wPË gv‡b gb, wKš‘ wPËweïw×‡Z wPË ej‡Z we‡kl K‡i



eySvq : DcPvi mgvwa wPË A_ev Ac©Yv mgvwa wPË‡K| „wó gv‡b wg_¨v „wó, Ges GwU GKwU ˆPZwmK| GwU PviwU wg_¨v „wó-mshy³ †jvfg~jK wP‡Ëi mv‡_ mv‡_ Drcbœ nq|

GKwU wg_¨v „wó n‡”Q AvZ¥msÁv| y ai‡bi AvZ¥msÁv Av‡Q| GKwU msÁv n‡”Q GwU cyiæl, GwU gwnjv, gv, evev, BZ¨vw`| GB wg_¨v „wó n‡”Q cÖPwjZ ixwZbxwZi dmj| Avgiv GwU‡K wek¦RM‡Zi mvaviY AvZ¥ev`x „wó ewj| Ab¨ msÁvwU n‡”Q GKwU aŸsm nq bv Ggb †Kv‡bv AvZ¥vi aviYv| Avgiv GwU‡K ewj AvZ¥ „wó| G QvovI AviI „wófw½ Av‡Q †h GB kvk¦Z (aŸsmnxb) AvZ¥v †Kv‡bv m„wóKZ©v Øviv m„ó, hv‡KI AvZ¥ „wó ejv nq|

GB GKwÎkwU RMr ev †jvKf‚wg‡Z †Kv‡bv AvZ¥v †bB, †Kej bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv we`¨gvb| Zviv me mgq AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥| GB GKwÎkwU RM‡Zi evB‡iI †Kv‡bv AvZ¥v †bB| GB we`k©b Ávb n‡”Q mg¨K „wó| GwU wg_¨v „wó‡K mvgwqKfv‡e ~ixf‚Z K‡i, AvZ¥ev`mn| wKš‘ gvM©Ávb, hv n‡”Q gvM©-mg¨K „wó, Zv wg_¨v „wó‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ~ixf‚Z K‡i| ZvB Avgiv Avm‡j wZb ai‡bi „wó †`L‡Z cvB : wg_¨v „wó hv †jŠwKK, gvM©-mg¨K „wó Ges †jv‡KvËi „wó|

eªþRvj m~‡Î mKj evlwÆ cÖKvi wg_¨v „wó‡K Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv meB wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© wg_¨v aviYv| wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© GB wg_¨v aviYv‡K ejv nq mrKvq „wó (e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© fzj aviYv)| mrKvq n‡”Q cÂ¯‹Ü, ZvB mrKvq „wó cÂ¯‹Ü‡K AvZ¥v wn‡m‡e †`‡L| A‡bK ai‡bi mwVK aviYv Av‡Q| †hgb a¨vb-mg¨K „wó, hv n‡”Q a¨vbv½¸‡jvi mv‡_ mswkøó a¨vbgq cÖÁv; bvgiƒc-cwiMÖn mg¨K „wó, hv n‡”Q cigv_© bvgiƒ‡ci we`k©b Ávb; Kg©dj mg¨K „wó, hv n‡”Q Kvh©KviY m¤‡Ü Ávb; we`k©b-mg¨K „wó, hv n‡”Q bvgiƒc Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jvi AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥ ¯fve‡K †`Lv; gvM©-mg¨K „wó Ges dj-mg¨K „wó hv wbe©vY‡K †`‡L| G mKj mg¨K „wó‡K ejv nq Pvwi mZ¨ mg¨K „wó| cÖkœ 7.11 : fveb vKvi x Kxfv ‡ e Zvi ˆ`b w › `b R xe‡ b Ges kg_ -

w e`k©b fveb vq †hvw b k g‡ b v‡ hv ‡ Mi PP©v Ki ‡ Z c v‡ i ? DËi 7.11 : me‡P‡q weÁZvmyjf g‡bv‡hvM n‡”Q we`k©b| hw`

Avcwb we`k©‡bi Íi ch©šÍ PP©v K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avcbvi mwZ¨Kv‡ii



weÁZvmyjf g‡bv‡hvM _vK‡e| ZLb hw` Avcwb ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b we`k©b PP©v K‡ib, Zvn‡j GwU fv‡jv dj †`‡e, †hgb GwU gvM©dj †`‡e, hv wbe©vY‡K †`‡L| wKš‘, hw` Avcwb we`k©‡bi Íi ch©šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z bv cv‡ib, Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K GB Z_¨ we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e †h mKj ms¯‹vi AwbZ¨| GwUI †hvwbk g‡bv‡hvM, wKš‘ Lye ye©j Ges †m‡KÛ n¨vÛ|

Avcwb PviwU eªþwenvi, we‡kl K‡i D‡c¶v eªþwenvi PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GwU n‡”Q DrK…ó †hvwbk g‡bv‡hvM, KviY D‡c¶v-fvebv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avcwb Kg©wbqg‡K †`‡Lb Ôm‡eŸ mËvK¤§mKvÕ—ÔmKj cÖvYxB Zv‡ì wbR wbR K‡g©i KZ©vÕ| G Qvov Avcwb A‡hvwbk g‡bv‡hvM ev AweÁZvmyjf g‡bv‡hv‡Mi dj¸‡jv fve‡Z cv‡ib| A‡hvwbk g‡bv‡hvM G‡Ki ci GK A‡bK AKzkj K‡g©i KviY nq| GB AKzkj Kg© ‡jv Pvi Acv‡q ytL †`q| Gfv‡e RvbvUv n‡”Q †hvwbk g‡bv‡hvM| Gfv‡eB Avcbvi ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b †hvwbk g‡bv‡hv‡Mi PP©v Kiv DwPZ| cÖkœ 7.12 : hw ` c Â¯‹Ü A b vZ¥ n q , Zvn ‡ j †mq v`, †K ag©‡ `kb v

w `‡ ” Q? A b ¨ K_ vq hw ` c Â¯ ‹ Ü A b vZ¥ n q , Zvn ‡ j †mq v ` I a g©‡ `kb v w `‡ ” Q b b v| ZvB , c Â¯‹Ü Ges A vZ¥vi g‡ a ¨ w K †Kv‡ b v m ¤ úK© A v‡ Q? DËi 7.12 : y ai‡bi mZ¨ Av‡Q : m¤§wZ-mZ¨ Ges cigv_©-mZ¨|

GB y‡Uv m‡Zï g‡a¨ ZdvrUv eySv DwPZ Avcbvi| m¤§wZ-mZ¨ Abymv‡i ey× Av‡Q, †mqv` Av‡Q, evev Av‡Q, gv Av‡Q BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ cigv_©-mZ¨ Abymv‡i †Kv‡bv ey× †bB, †Kv‡bv †mqv` †bB, †Kv‡bv evev †bB, gv †bB BZ¨vw`| h‡_ó kw³kvjx we`k©b Ávb _vK‡j Avcwb wb‡RB GwU †`L‡Z cv‡eb| hw` Avcwb ey‡×i w`‡K we`k©b Ávb wb‡q ZvKvb, Zvn‡j †`L‡eb †Kej cigv_© bvgiƒc‡K, hv n‡”Q cÂ¯‹Ü| †m¸‡jv AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥| †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv AvZ¥v †bB| GKBfv‡e Avcwb hw` Avgvi w`‡K ZvKvb, evev A_ev gv BZ¨vwì w`‡K ZvKvb, Zvn‡j †mB we`k©b Áv‡b Avcwb †`L‡eb †Kej cigv_© bvgiƒc‡K, cÂ¯‹Ü‡K; hv AwbZ¨, ytL I AbvZ¥| †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv AvZ¥v †bB| Ab¨ K_vq †Kv‡bv ey× †bB, †mqv` †bB, evev, gv BZ¨vw` †bB| cÂ¯‹Ü Ges Zv‡ì KviY¸‡jv‡K ejv nq ms¯‹vi| ZvB ms¯‹vi ms¯‹vi m¤‡Ü K_v ej‡Q, gv‡S gv‡S wbe©vY m¤ú‡K© K_v ej‡Q| †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv AvZ¥v †bB| ZvB †mLv‡b m¤ú‡K©i K_v Avm‡Q Kxfv‡e?

D`vniY¯iƒc, hw` Avcbv‡K †KD wR‡Ám K‡i, ÔLi‡Mv‡ki wks¸‡jv



j¤v bv Lv‡Uv?Õ Avcwb Kxfv‡e DËi †`‡eb? A_ev hw` wR‡Ám Kiv nq, ÔK”Q‡ci †jvg¸‡jv Kv‡jv bvwK mv`v?Õ Kxfv‡e DËi †Ìqv DwPZ? AvZ¥v ev wbR hw` bv-B _v‡K, †mLv‡b †Zv Avi Avgiv cÂ¯‹‡Üi mv‡_ wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K©i K_v ej‡Z cvwi bv| ey×I G ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi DËi †`b wb| †Kb? aiæb Avcwb ej‡jb Li‡Mv‡ki wks¸‡jv j¤v; Zvi gv‡b Avcwb †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb †h Li‡Mv‡ki wks Av‡Q| Avi hw` Avcwb e‡jb †h Li‡Mv‡ki wks¸‡jv Lv‡Uv| †mUvI eySvq, Zv‡ì †h wks Av‡Q GB aviYv Avcwb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Avevi hw` Avcwb e‡jb K”Q‡ci †jvg¸‡jv Kv‡jv, Zvi gv‡b Avcwb K”Q‡ci †jvg Av‡Q e‡j †g‡b wb‡jb| Avi hw` e‡jb †h K”Q‡ci †jvg¸‡jv mv`v, Zv‡ZI eySv hvq †h K”Q‡ci †jvg Av‡Q e¨vcviUv Avcwb †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb| GKBfv‡e ey× hw` ej‡Zb †h cÂ¯‹Ü Ges AvZ¥v ev wbR m¤úK©hy³ Zvn‡j Zvi gv‡b n‡Zv †h AvZ¥v Av‡Q wZwb GB aviYv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Avi hw` wZwb ej‡Zb †h cÂ¯‹‡Üi mv‡_ AvZ¥vi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB, Zvn‡j Zv‡ZI eySvZ †h wZwb ¯xKvi K‡ib †h GKwU AvZ¥v Av‡Q| GRb¨B ey× G ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi DËi †`b wb| ZvB Avwg civgk© †è, Avcbviv we`k©‡bi Íi ch©šÍ fvebv PP©v Kiæb| †Kej ZLwbB GB AvZ¥ev‡ì aviYv gy‡Q †dj‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖkœ 7.13 : ey× w f¶z‡ ì m v‡ c i gš¿ w kw L ‡ q w Q‡j b | m v‡c i GB gš¿Uv

A ve„w Ë Ki v w K ˆgÎ x- fv eb vi g‡ ZvB ? gš ¿ A ve„w Ë w K eªvþY ëv ` †_ ‡ K †eŠ ×a ‡ g© G‡ m‡ Q? DËi 7.13 : gš¿ Kx? mv‡ci gš¿B ev Kx? Avwg Rvwb bv wn› yag©

†_‡K †Kv‡bv gš¿ G‡m‡Q wK bv| wKš‘ †_iev`x kv ¿¸‡jv‡Z GKwU cwiÎvY m~Î Av‡Q hv‡K ejv nq LÜ cwiÎvY| ey× wf¶z‡ì GB cwiÎvY m~ÎwU cÖwZw`b Ave„wË Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb| web‡qi GKwU wbqg Av‡Q, hv‡Z ejv Av‡Q †h hw` †Kv‡bv wf¶z ev wf¶zYx GB cwiÎvY m~ÎwU w`‡b Kgc‡¶ GKevi Ave„wË bv K‡i, Zvn‡j Zvi AvcwË n‡e| GKevi ey‡×i mg‡q AiY¨Pvix GK wf¶z‡K welai mvc Kvgo w`‡qwQj| †m gviv wM‡qwQj| G Kvi‡Y ey× LÜ cwiÎvY wkwL‡q‡Qb| GB cwiÎvY m~‡Îi KvR ˆgÎx-fvebvi g‡Zv| GB m~‡Î wewfbœ ai‡bi mvc ev Ab¨vb¨ mvc RvZxq cÖvYx‡ì Kv‡Q wewfbœfv‡e ˆgÎx we Ív‡ii K_v Av‡Q| wÎiZœ Ges ey× I An©r‡ì wb‡qI mZ¨wµqvi K_v Av‡Q| Avwg GB m~ÎUv AvR iv‡Z



Ave„wË Kie| GwU LyeB kw³kvjx| Avcwb GwU‡K mv‡ci gš¿ ej‡Z cv‡ib| bvgwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq| Avcwb GwU‡K †h bv‡g Lywk ej‡Z cv‡ib| evg©vi wKQz wf¶z welai mv‡c KvUv e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ GB m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i| GwU Kvh©Ki| hLb Zviv GB m~Î A‡bKevi Ave„wË K‡i, wel ax‡i ax‡i †b‡g hvq| mvaviYZ Zviv my ’ n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡Î dj †h GKB nq, Zv bq| ey× wf¶z‡ì mv‡ci Kvgo †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ GB m~‡Îi wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| †Kv‡bv wf¶z hw` kÖ×vi mv‡_ GB cwiÎvY m~Î cvV K‡i, Ges mKj cÖvYxi cÖwZ ˆgÎx †`q, mvç‡jvi cÖwZI, Zvn‡j Zvi †Kv‡bv wec` n‡e bv| mvaviYZ hw` †m kxj¸‡jv cvjb K‡i fv‡jvfv‡e, Zv‡ZI †Kv‡bv wec` nq bv| �

—t mgvß t—



fvebvKvix‡ì Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv

1. fvebv Kivi mgqm~wPUv cv-AK ebwenv‡ii| Z‡e Avcbviv

wb‡R‡ì myweavg‡Zv K‡i Kgc‡¶ cuvPevi Ges cÖwZev‡i b~¨bZg GK NÈv e‡m fvebv Ki‡Z cv‡ib g‡Zv K‡i GKwU iæwUb evwb‡q wbb|

2. ïay fvebvi mgq bq, evèvwK mg‡qI fvebv Pvwj‡q hvIqv DwPZ| uvwo‡q, e‡m, ï‡q †_‡KI fvebv Pvwj‡q hvIqv DwPZ|

3. me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq mivmwi gvqvbgv‡i cv-AK ebwenv‡i wM‡q fvebv Ki‡Z cvi‡j| †mLv‡b hvIqvi w`Kwb‡ ©kbv †Ìqv Av‡Q †gv‡bq¨ wf¶zi †jLv Teach and Train bvgK eB‡q| I‡q‡e GKUz †LuvR Ki‡jB eBwU †c‡q hv‡eb| †mLv‡b we ÍvwiZ †jLv Av‡Q gvqvbgv‡i hvIqvi wbqg, †mLv‡b _vKvi wbqg, Kx Kx jvM‡e BZ¨vw`|

cv-AK m¤Üxq Z_¨vejxi Rb¨ A_ev †mLv‡b _vKvi Rb¨ †h‡Z cv‡ib wb‡gœv³ I‡qemvBU¸‡jv‡Z, A_ev GLv‡b †Ìqv e¨w³‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib wPwV wj‡L, †dv‡b, A_ev B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g|

fvebv Kivi mgqm~wP : mKvj 4:00 - 5:30 mKvj 7:30 - 9:00 ycyi 1:00 - 2:30 weKvj 3:30 - 5:00 mÜ¨v 6:00 - 7:30



I‡qemvBU : gvj‡qwkqv– www.Dhamma-s.org (PvBwbR †jLv) wm½vcyi – www.paaukforestmonastery.org

Av‡gwiKv – www.paauk.org

gvqvbgv‡ii fvebv †K‡› ªi wVKvbvq wPwV wjL‡Z cv‡ib ev †dvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib :

● Pa-Auk Forest Monastery

Mawlamyine, Mon State, Myanmar

Tel : (95) 57-27853 / (95) 57-27548

● International Buddhasāsana Meditation Centre

(Pa-Auk Tawya Branch)

Thilawar Road (near Kyaik-Khauk Pagoda)

Payargon Village, Than Lyin Township, Yangon

Tel : (95) 56-21927

e¨w³MZ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb‡gœv³ e¨w³‡ì mv‡_ †dv‡b, wPwV A_ev B-†gB‡j :

● Mr & Mrs Yip Seng Foo

No-69 (A), University Avenue St

Bahan Township, Yangon

Tel : (95) 1-504011 / (95) 1-704314

E-mail : [email protected]

● Daw Amy (Ms. Amy)

66 A, Sayarsan Road, Bahan Township, Yangon

Tel : (95) 1-548129 / (95) 1-556355


● U Aung Pyone (Mr. Aung Pyone)

No (32), Kwet Thit St, Yay Kyaw (7th Qtr, near YMBA)

Pazundaung Township, Yangon

Tel : (95) 1-293847




AvšÍR©vwZK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wVKvbv Pxb ● Mdm. Liang Xinxin

Attention : Ms Ah Min

Guangzhou, Peoples Republic of China

Tel : (86) 20-84232438


Rvcvb ● Myanmar Theravāda Buddhist Association

Attention : Ko Ye Tun, Tokyo, Japan

Tel : (81) 90-22209886

gvj‡qwkqv ● Tusita Hermitage (Monastery)

Bodhivana Buddhist Hermitage (Nunnery)

c/o Kuching Bhagavan Buddhist Society


Website : www.bhagavan.com.my

Contact : Sister Subha 52, Lot 3700, Dogan Garden, Jalan Dogan

93250 Kuching, Sarawak

Tel : +6012-8867353

● Nibbinda Forest Monastery

Mukim 5, Tempat Bukit Balik Pulau, Penang

Contact : Lee Hooi Chin

8N, Jalan Tunggal of Jalan Satu

11400 Air Hitam, Penang

Tel : +6012-4811984


● Nandaka Vihara Meditation Society

Lot 1250, Mukim 17, Off Jalan Kolam

Cheruk Tokun, 14000 Bukit Mertajam, Penang

APPENDIX IV : PA-AUK RESOURCE GUIDE 83

Contact : Ng Soon Beng

Tel : +6012-4855770 / +6016-4401250 (Chinese)

Email : [email protected]



wm½vcyi ● Pa-Auk Meditation Centre (Singapore)

15, Teo Kim Eng Road, Singapore 416385

Tel : (65) 6611-9242 • Fax : (65) 6611-9242


Contact : Teoh Soon Seng


● Cakkavala Meditation Centre


Tel : (65) 98488384 – Dr Ng Wai Chong

● Visuddha Meditation Centre

34 Bedok Walk, Singapore 469135

Tel : (65) 90101663


kÖxj¼v ● Nā Uyana Āranya (monastery)

Pansiyagama 60554

Tel : (94) 37-3379036


● Dhammika Ashrama (nunnery)

Angulgamuwa, Pansiyagama 60554

Tel : (94) 37-5671258


ZvBIqvb ● Taiwandipa Theravada Buddhist College

No 1 lane 85, Ming Chuen St. 8

Guei Ren Siang, 71148, Tainan

Tel : (886) 6-2301406 • Fax : (886) 6-2391563


APPENDIX IV : PA-AUK RESOURCE GUIDE

84

● Buddhist Hongshi College

No. 121-5, 11 Lin, Ta-toung Tsun, Kuan-yin Hsiang

Tau-yuan Hsien, Taiwan, 328, R.O.C.




Contact : Ven. Shih Shin Kuang


Av‡gwiKv ● Roland Win

15 Palmdale Ave, Daly City, CA 94015-3708

Tel : (1) 650-994-3750


● Robert Cusick

P.O. Box 151533-1533, San Rafael, CA 94915

Tel : (1) 415-847-1302 (mobile)

Skype ID : robertcusick


● Ching-Der Wang

18525 38th Ave. N., Plymouth, MN 55446

Tel : (1) 763-478-8954

E-mail : [email protected] Avwg hZ ~i Rvwb, _vBj¨vÛ ev wm½vcyi †_‡K gvqvbgv‡ii wfmv cvIqv me‡P‡q mnR| ZvB wb‡P GB y‡Uv †`‡k Aew ’Z gvqvbgv‡ii ~Zvevm¸‡jvi wVKvbv †Ìqv n‡jv :

e¨vsK‡Ki gvqvbgv‡ii ~Zvevm : ● Embassy of the Union of Myanmar

132 Sathorn Nua Road, Bangkok, 10500

Tel : (66) 2-233-2237/ (66) 2-234-4698

Open : 9 : 00-11 : 30 am and 1 : 00-3 : 00 pm, Monday – Friday

wm½vcy‡ii gvqvbgv‡ii ~Zvevm : ● Embassy of the Union of Myanmar

15 St Martin’s Drive, Singapore 257996

Tel : (65) 67350209 • Fax : (65) 67356236

Open : 9 : 30 am - 12 : 30 pm, Monday – Friday

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Documents

Knowing and Seeing Final 12.5 · 2016. 9. 8. · IwU evoZ-KgZ bv| c‡i PPv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cvwbi evov-KgvUv Avgvi Avq‡Z ¡P‡j G‡jv| Avwg GLb B”Qv Ki‡j dzi‡gv‡bi P‚ov