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Ehi~ Ri|v Ebdhlr

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Dv H Z _bhnm

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aci~ ia |vbhl ti fl sci~lv ghd clss aivola|c(

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4

^mgt gvl tml sr`zti`s ia FZM9

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Lgtbhn Vbnmt ti Allc Flttlv

bh Ebdhlr Dbsivdlv

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stihl aiv`gtbih(

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bhti tml |vbhl ghd tm|s bhovlgsl tml vbse ia ogcob|` oihtgbhbhn

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Vlgd tml h|tvbtbih bhaiv`gtbih ia zgoeld aiid btl`s ti ehi~

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7? `n ia zitgssb|`( Lgt g tmbh scbol bhstlgd

ia tml ~micl ti`gti# bl# 7)1tm ia 7 s`gcc ti`gti zviqbdls 4 dgrs g ~lle(

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62

Oihs

G `gombhl bs vlw|bvld

Hbnmt iql`lht bs cb`btld gs ri| ~bcc fl oihhlotld ti tml oroclv

Tml mbnm vlo|vvbhn oist bs g gkiv m|vdcl bh OGZD# ~mbom ih g ihtmcr

gqlvgnl bs gfi|t Vs 7

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Ebdhlr Tvghszcghtgtbih

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Tml ebdhlr bs gh ivngh tmgt gcihn ~btm bts zvb`gvr a|hotbihs zcgrs g

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dbgnhisld ia L_ED# tmlvl gvl t~i iztbihs;

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dltlvbivgtbih bh w|gcbtr ia cbal# zgbh# tb`loihs|`ztbih" bs hit

gzzcbogfcl ti tml tvghszcght zgtblht(

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Tml zviszlotbql dihiv ~btm `gtomld iv oi`zgtbfcl fciid nvi|z

mgs ti |hdlvni g slvbls ia bhqlstbngtbihs ghd `ldbogc l}g`bhgtbih ti

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bh tml &Fvgbh _tl` Dlgtm& dlocgvgtbih -fr tml tlg` ia diotivs

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bhoc|dbhn tvlgtbhn oihs|ctght# Hl|vis|vnlih# Hl|vicinbsts ~mi

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ghd tvghszcghtgtbih ia tml ebdhlr aiv tmlvgzl|tbo z|vzisls( Fvgbh

dlgtm `|st hit fl oiha|sld |hoihsobi|shlss gs tml aiv`lv bs gh

bvvlqlvsbfcl zviolss ~mbcl tml cgtlv bs g vlqlvsbfcl ihl(

Tml zgtblht gr fl ih smivt tlv` dbgcrsbs lqlh gatlv Tvghszcght avi`

g dlolgsld dihiv flog|sl d|vbhn zvlslvqgtbih -zist vltvblqgc" tmlebdhlr bs dg`gnld d|l ti cgoe ia i}rnlh ghd fciid s|zzcr( Bh ogdgqlv

tvghszcght zvinvg`s# tml dihiv.s -dlolgsld" vlcgtbqls gvl hit abhghobgccr

flhlabtld gs bt bs oihsbdlvld ti fl gh g|szbobi|s dlld fr tml vlcgtbqls(

Bh Zist Ebdhlr Tvghszcghtgtbih tmlvl gvl olvtgbh zvlog|tbihs tmgt |st

fl tgelh ogvl ia `ltbo|ci|scr fr tml zgtblht -vlobzblht" ghd tmlbv

gttlhdghts;

Gcc `ldbogtbihs zvlsovbfld `|st fl tgels vln|cgvcr ghd gs

zvlsovbfld gs gctlvbhn tml ldbogtbih iv bts disgnl# dbsoihtbh|gtbih

iv sebzzbhn ia disls clgds ti slqlvl vlklotbihs iv tvghszcght

agbc|vls(

Aicci~|z ~btm tml diotiv ghd cgfivgtivr bhqlstbngtbihs gs gdqbsld

`|st fl vln|cgv(

lbnmt# fciid zvlss|vl# |vbhl qic|`l# fciid s|ngv -gs gdqbsld"

`|st fl `ihbtivld(

Bh l`lvnlhor sbt|gtbihs# tml oihs|ctbhn diotiv |st fl bhaiv`ld

ia tml tvghszcght ghd tml `ldbogtbihs zvlsovbfld(

Gcc iqlvtmloi|htlv dv|ns iv mlvfgcs `|st fl stvbotcr gqibdld(

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gfhiv`gcbtr -alqlv# ombccs# tlhdlhor ia qi`btbhn"(

Zvizlv mrnblhl# g ~lcc fgcghold dblt -oghhld aiid `|st hit

oihs|`ld" ghd dvbhebhn `ivl tmgh ? cbtlvs ia ~gtlv g dgr `|st

fl `gbhtgbhld(

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?4

Vln|cgv l}lvobsl -l}oc|dbhn qbnivi|s szivts cbel aiitfgcc# fi}bhn"

`|st fl dihl(

_bhol tvghszcght zgtblhts gvl `ivl zvihl ti bhalotbihs d|l ti

b``|his|zzvlssghts# tmlr |st gqibd nibhn bh ovi~ds# oihtgots

~btm zlts ghd smi|cd |sl dbszisgfcl stlvbcl `gse aiv abvst tmvll

`ihtms bh z|fcbo zcgols(

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dbsomgvnl avi` tml tvghszcght olhtvl ~bcc vlw|bvl t~i ~lles vlst ~btm

si`l `ldbogtbihs bhoc|dbhn ghtbfbitbos ghd zgbhebcclvs( Bh ogsl tml

dihiv bs gh iaabolnilv# d|tbls ogh fl vls|`ld avi` tml 6:tm dgr

zist dbsomgvnl avi` miszbtgc f|t smi|cd gqibd stvlh|i|s tgses( Fr

t~i ti tmvll `ihtms# g hiv`gc cbal ogh fl cld gs lgvcblv ~btmi|t ghr

a|vtmlv `ldbogtbih(

Bh Bhdbg# tmlvl gvl gh bhovlgsbhn h|`flv ia zgtblhts ~gbtbhn aiv ebdhlr

tvghszcghtgtbih( Lgom rlgv# tmlvl gvl 7#

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?: =:, ogsls( Ogcob|` i}gcgtl stihls

tlhd ti aiv` ~mlh tml |vbhl bs gobdbo(6( _tv|qbtl stihls; _tv|qbtl -@gnhlsb|` g``ihb|` zmiszmgtl"

stihls gvl clss oi``ih -gfi|t 7: 7

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?1

?( \vbo gobd stihls; \vbo gobd stihls gvl hit qlvr oi``ih -gfi|t

< 7:," ghd `ivl cbelcr ti aiv` ~mlh tmlvl bs tii `|om |vbo

gobd bh tml |vbhl ghd |vbhl bs zlvsbstlhtcr gobdbo( \vbo gobd stihls

ogh aiv` bh zlizcl ~btm ni|t(

4( Orstbhl stihls; Orstbhl stihls gvl vgvl ghd ioo|v bh gh bhmlvbtld

oihdbtbih ogccld orstbh|vbg(

Agotivs Oihtvbf|tl ti tml Aiv`gtbih ia \vbhgvr _tihl

Agotivs tmgt bhovlgsl vbse ia dlqlcizbhn ebdhlr stihls gvl;

Vld|old ac|bd lszlobgccr ~gtlv bhtgel ghd dlmrdvgtbih(

Ag`bcr mbstivr ia ebdhlr stihls(

Dblt Oihs|`bhn g dblt mbnm bh ghb`gc zvitlbh# sidb|` ghd

i}gcgtl# f|t ci~ bh abflv ghd zitgssb|` vbom obtv|s av|bts(

>< , ia ebdhlr stihls ghd 2

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?>

Ogh ebdhlr stihls dg`gnl tml ebdhlr9

Rls( _tihls bh tml ebdhlr iv |vltlv ogh fcioe iv ifstv|ot tml aci~ ia

|vbhl ~btmbh tml |vbhgvr tvgot( _|om ifstv|otbih ogh og|sl dbcgtgtbih

ia ebdhlr( Zlvsbstlht slqlvl dbcgtgtbih d|l ti fcioegnl ogh og|sl ebdhlr

dg`gnl bh g cihn tlv` bh g al~ zgtblhts(

Dbgnhisbs ia |vbhgvr stihls

Vgdbicinbogc bhqlstbngtbihs

\ctvgsi|hd

] vgr E\F OT _ogh

Bhtvgqlhi|s |vinvgzmr -BQ\" ;BQ\ tlst bs qlvr vlcbgfcl gt dltlotbhn

stihls ghd ifstv|otbih( @gkiv flhlabt ia BQ\ bs tmgt bt zviqbdls

bhaiv`gtbih gfi|t tml a|hotbih ia tml ebdhlr(

Cgfivgtivr bhqlstbngtbihs

\vbhl tlsts

Fciid tlsts

_tihl ghgcrsbs

Oml`bogc ghgcrsbs ia stihls ogh lstgfcbsm tmlbv oi`zisbtbih# ~mbommlczs ti dlobdl zvlqlhtbql `lgs|vls ghd tmlvgzl|tbo zcgh(

Zvlqlhtbih ia |vbhgvr stihls

Gcc zgtblhts ~mi s|aalvld avi` ebdhlr stihl smi|cd aicci~ zvlqlhtbql

`lgs|vls(

Nlhlvgc `lgs|vls

7( Dvbhe cits ia ac|bd;G sb`zcl ghd `ist b`zivtght `lgs|vl ti

zvlqlht aiv`gtbih ia stihl bs ti dvbhe zclhtr ia ~gtlv# dvbhe zclhtr

ia ~gtlv ghd dvbhe zclhtr ia ~gtlv( Dvbhe 76 74 ncgssls -`ivl

tmgh ? cbtlvs" ia ~gtlv zlv dgr( Ti lhs|vl gdlw|gtl ~gtlv bhtgel

tmvi|nmi|t tml dgr# ogvvr g ~gtlv fittcl ~btm ri|(

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?=

^mbom ac|bds gvl zvlalvvld ti zvlqlht |vbhgvr stihl9

Bhtgel ia ac|bds s|om gs oioih|t ~gtlv# fgvclr iv vbol ~gtlv ghd

obtvgtlvbom ac|bds s|om gs cl`ihgdl# iv zbhlgzzcl av|bt k|bols mlczs bh

tml zvlqlhtbih ia stihl(

^mbom ac|bds smi|cd fl gqibdld fr g zlvsih ~btm |vbhgvr stihl9

Gqibd nvgzlav|bt# oghflvvr ghd gzzcl k|bol5 stvihn tlg# oiaall# omioicgtl

ghd s|ngv s~lltlhld siat dvbhes s|om gs oicgs5 ghd gcc gcoimicbo

flqlvgnls# bhoc|dbhn fllv(

6( _gct vlstvbotbih;Gqibd l}olssbql sgct bhtgel bh dblt( _i gqibd zboecls#

zgzgd# sgctr shgoes lto( Vlstvbot sidb|` bhtgel ti clss tmgh 7:: `Lw

iv 1 nvg` tgfcl sgct zlv dgr ti zvlqlht aiv`gtbih ia stihl(

?( Dlovlgsl bhtgel ia ghb`gc zvitlbh;Gqibd hih qlnltgvbgh aiid

s|om gs |ttih# omboelh# absm ghd lnn( Tmlsl ghb`gc oihtgbhbhn aiids

oihtgbh mbnm |vbo gobd ghd z|vbhls ghd ogh bhovlgsl tml vbse ia |vbo

gobd stihls ghd ogcob|` stihls(

4( Fgcghold dblt;Lgt av|bts s|om gs fghghg# zbhlgzzcl# fc|lflvvbls#omlvvbls# ghd ivghnls( Lgt qlnltgfcls s|om gs ogvvits ghd fbttlv ni|vd

-egvlcg"5 sw|gsm ghd flcc zlzzlvs( Lgt mbnm abflv oihtgbhbhn aiids

s|om gs fgvlcr# flghs# igts# ghd zsrccb|` slld( Gqibd iv vlstvbot vlabhld

aiids s|om gs ~mbtl fvlgd# zgstgs# ghd s|ngv( Ebdhlr stihls gvl

gssiobgtld ~btm mbnm s|ngv bhtgel(

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?2

Tvlgt`lht ia |vbhgvr stihls

T~i `gkiv tvlgt`lht iztbihs gvl;

G( Oihslvqgtbql tvlgt`lht

F( _|vnbogc tvlgt`lht

G( Oihslvqgtbql tvlgt`lht; Cgvnl h|`flv ia ebdhlr stihls gvl

s`gcc -clss tmgh < `` bh dbg`ltlv" lhi|nm ti zgss ih bts i~h ~btmbh

? ti 1 ~lles ia tml ihslt ia sr`zti`s( Tml gb` ia oihslvqgtbql

tvlgt`lht bs ti vlcblql sr`zti`s ghd ti mlcz stihl vl`iqgc ~btmi|t

s|vnbogc izlvgtbih(

B``ldbgtl tvlgt`lht ia ebdhlr stihls;Ti tvlgt |hflgvgfcl zgbh

g zgtblht `gr vlw|bvls bhtvg `|so|cgv iv bhtvgqlhi|s gd`bhbstvgtbih

ia H_GBDs iv izbibds(

Zclhtr ia ac|bd bhtgel

Itmlv `lgs|vls

@gbhtgbhbhn |vbhl zM bs lsslhtbgc( Dv|ns cbel ogcob|` omghhlc

fcioelvs ghd gczmgfcioelvs bhmbfbt szgs`s ia |vltlv ghd mlcz tml

zgtblht ti zgss tml stihl bh |vltlv ih bts i~h(

F( _|vnbogc tvlgt`lht; Avlw|lhtcr |sld s|vnbogc `ltmids gvl

Zlvo|tghli|s hlzmvicbtmitvbzsr -ZOHC"# l}tvgoivzivlgc smioe ~gql

cbtmitvbzsr -L_^C"# |vltlvisoizr ghd bh vgvl ogsls izlh s|vnlvr(

^mbom zgtblht hllds aiv s|vnbogc tvlgt`lht9

@ist zgtblhts ~btm s`gcc stihl ogh fl laalotbqlcr tvlgtld oihslvqgtbqlcr(

F|t s|vnlvr `gr fl hlldld ti vl`iql ebdhlr stihl ba;

Bt og|sls vlo|vvlht iv slqlvl zgbh ghd dils hit zgss gatlv g

vlgsihgfcl zlvbid ia tb`l(

Bt bs tii cgvnl ti zgss ih bts i~h

Bt fcioes tml aci~ ia |vbhl sbnhbaboghtcr ghd og|sls dg`gnl ti

ebdhlr(

Bt og|sls vlo|vvlht |vbhgvr tvgot bhalotbih iv fclldbhn(

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4:

7( L_^C L}tvgoivzivlgc smioe~gql cbtmitvbzsr

Cbtmitvbzsr bs bdlgc aiv ebdhlr stihls clss tmgh 7(< o` bh sb{l iv

|zzlv |vltlvbo stihls(

Bh cbtmitvbzsr mbnmcr oiholhtvgtld smioe ~gqls iv |ctvg sihbo

~gqls zvid|old fr cbtmitvbztiv `gombhl fvlge |z tml stihls(

Gatlv cbtmitvbzsr tml zgtblht bs gdqbsld ti dvbhe cbflvgccr ti tlhtcr

|sld s|vnbogc ac|sm i|t stihl avgn`lhts(

Cbtmitvbzsr bs clss laalotbql aiv cgvnl stihls ghd bh iflsl zgtblhts(

Cbtmitvbzsr bs hit gdqbsgfcl d|vbhn zvlnhghor# slqlvl bhalotbih#

|hoihtviccld mrzlvtlhsbih# dbstgc ifstv|otbih bh |vbhgvr tvgot ghdfclldbhn dbsivdlvs(

6( Zlvo|tghli|s hlzmvicbtmiti`r -ZOHC"

Zlvo|tghli|s hlzmvicbtmiti`r# iv ZOHC# bs gh laalotbql ltmid aiv

vl`iqbhn `ldb|`sb{ld iv cgvnl -fbnnlv tmgh 7(< o`" ebdhlr iv

|vltlvgc stihls(

?( \vltlvisoizr -\V_"

\vltlvisoizr bs g mbnmcr s|oolssa|c idgcbtr aiv tvlgtbhn stihls ciogtld

bh tml `bd ghd ci~lv |vltlv( \hdlv ghglstmlsbg# tml tmbh cbnmtld

acl}bfcl t|fl -|vltlvisoizl" lw|bzzld ~btm g og`lvg bs bhslvtld qbg

tml |vltmvg bhti tml fcgddlv ghd |z tml |vltlv(

_tihl bs sllh tmvi|nm tml |vltlvisoizl ghd dlzlhdbhn ih tml sb{l ia

tml stihl ghd tml dbg`ltlv ia tml |vltlv tml stihl gr fl avgn`lhtld

ghd)iv vl`iqld(

4( Izlh s|vnlvr

Izlh s|vnlvr bs `ist bhqgsbql ghd zgbha|c tvlgt`lht `idgcbtr aiv

stihl dbslgsl vlw|bvbhn abql ti slqlh dgrs miszbtgcb{gtbih(

^btm tml gqgbcgfbcbtr ia hl~ tlomhicinbls# tml hlld aiv izlh s|vnlvr

mgs fllh vld|old dvgstbogccr(

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47

^mlh smi|cd g zgtblht ~btm ebdhlr stihl oihtgot diotiv9

Zgtblht ~btm ebdhlr stihl smi|cd b``ldbgtlcr oihtgot diotiv ba;

_lqlvl zgbh bh gfdi`lh# hit vlcblqld ~btm `ldbogtbih(

_lqlvl hg|slg iv qi`btbhn ~mbom zvlqlhts bhtgel ia ac|bd ghd

`ldbogtbih(

Alqlv# ombccs ghd f|vhbhn |vbhgtbih ~btm zgbh bh gfdi`lh(

Fciid bh |vbhl(

\vbhl stizs titgccr(