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1
KNOW YOUR ENEMY:
Five Big Pest Threats!
Mark VanderWerp, BCE
Mark VanderWerp, BCE
KILL THEM WHEN YOU
FIND THEM:
Pest Management Strategies After They’re In
2
Birds Cockroaches FliesSpiders
WaspsRodents OccasionalInvaders
Stored Prod.Pests
WHY?
• The important
bugs are the
microscopic
ones right?
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Jan Feb Mar Aprl May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Infections by Month
Campylobacter Salmonella E. coli
3
BUGSHELPINGBUGS
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Jan Feb Mar Aprl May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Flies Caught by Month
Campylobacter Salmonella E. coli All Fly
BUGSHELPINGBUGS
1
5
25
125
625
3125
15625
78125
390625
Jan Feb Mar Aprl May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Logarithmic Capture & Infection Curves
Campylobacter Salmonella E. coli All Fly
4
BIRDS
Let’s Review:
• 3 species of primary concern.
House Sparrow European Starling Pigeon
Photo: Bennett Jordan
BIRDS
Challenges:
• Problem areas tend to be out of sight, at elevation, and expensiveto remedy. Many PMPs don’t offer comprehensive bird services.
Why we care:
• Product contamination, pathogenvectors, audit failures, building damage, & slips/trips.Nuisance & Aesthetic too!
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BIRDS
Inspection Tip:
Follow the Poo!
BIRDS
Inspection Tip: Follow the Poo!
Photo: John Steenstra
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BIRDS
Control Options:
• Exclusion
• Trapping
• Repellants – Baiting
Scare devices
• Aggressive Harvesting
BIRDS
The Biggest Challenge:
Habituation to the Situation!
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BIRDS
Best summarized by an ancient Chinese proverb:
“ The best time to plant a tree was twenty years ago…
The second best time is now.”
I’ll stick with aggressive harvesting…
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Let’s Review: Indianmeal Moth (Plodia interpunctella)
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STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Let’s Review: Flour Beetles (Tribolium sp.)
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Let’s Review: Warehouse Beetles (Trogoderma sp.)
9
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Challenges:
• Small insects, hidden feeding habits, utilize some of the same food itemsas we do.
Why we care:
• Product loss, contamination, rejectedshipments, brand damage.
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Species ID is Needed to Proceed:
• What does it eat?
• How long does it take to mature?
• How many offspring will it have?
How good are the Pest Mgmt. Records?
• Does the system allow the technician to document the pests that are important at the facility?
10
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
ID Allows
Correct
Pheromone
Selection
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
TIP:
Remember, your pheromone traps are
NOT your control!
They are your early warning system.
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STORED PRODUCT PESTS
I’ve never seen such a small body count!
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
TIP:
No pheromones? At least install
some ILTs!
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STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Inspection Tip:
Find tough to clean spots
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Control Tips:
Sanitation!
Interior & Exterior
13
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Control Tips:
Spot applications
of Insecticides
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Control Tips:
Fogging with a
non-residual
Photo: Paul Redwine
14
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Control Tips:
Fumigation
STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Best summarized by an old Dutch saying:
“ If everyone swept the pavement in front of his house,the whole street would be clean.”
Some clean with brooms, others clean with fire!
15
FLIES
Challenges:
• Mind-boggling reproductive anddispersal capabilities.
Why we care:
• Product contamination, pathogen vectors, audit failures, loss of employee morale, some species blood feed.
FLIES
Let’s Review:
Biting Flies Small Flies Filth FliesSeasonal
Invading Flies
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FLIES
Inspection Tip:
Follow the water.
FLIES
Inspection Tip:
Segregate potential sources
17
FLIES
Control Tip: Find the maggots and remove the media
they are in.
FLIES
Control Tip: Physically exclude adult entrance were larval
removal isn’t possible.
18
FLIES
American Protestant axiom:
“ Don’t curse the darkness—light a candle.”
COCKROACHES
Challenges:
• Harbor in tight spots, sewers, wall voidsand may be readily moved by commerceand personnel.
Why we care:
• Product contamination, pathogen vectors,audit failures, loss of employee morale.
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COCKROACHES
Let’s Review:
COCKROACHES
Inspection Tips:
Monitors are a must!
20
COCKROACHES
Inspection Tips:
Monitors can be used to
isolate equipment.
COCKROACHES
Inspection Tips:
Monitors can be used to
isolate deliveries.
21
COCKROACHES
Control Tips:
Be versatile. No favorite
products allowed!
• If you have an AML, this is huge!
COCKROACHES
Control Tips:
Good baiting technique must
be taught!
Inject into harborages, not middle o’ the wall!
No mini chips!
22
COCKROACHES
Control Tips:
Baiting should look like this!
COCKROACHES
Control Tips:
Be sure to do other things
besides baiting
23
COCKROACHES
Senegalese proverb:
“ Haste and hurry can only bear children with many regrets along the way.”
You will be killed
slowly and thoroughly
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
Challenges:
• Various species, with dissimilar habits and dietary requirements. Large populations maybe unavoidable in certain areas, or difficultto predict year over year.
Why we care:
• Product contamination, rejected shipments, nuisance.
24
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
Hold on! What is an Occasional Invader?
Here’s a Definition: Organisms that live in the area surrounding the structure and occasionally enter the structure. They may enter intentionally or accidentally, but do not reproduce (and rarely even feed) when indoors.
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
Am I an Occasional Invader?
25
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
Kinda like Space Invaders…
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
They are a Biological Reflection of Your Building
26
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
They are Underemphasized in your Pest Management
Program! And May Cause Headaches!
• As a manufacturer you may not be covered for them.
• As a PMP you may be encouraged to not document them.
• As an entomologist you may know nothing about them!
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
Case Study
27
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
Control Tips:
• Landscape Options
• Building Sealing & Exclusion
• Exterior Lighting
• Perimeter Barrier Treatments
OCCASIONAL INVADERS
Wisdom of the Kentucky Governor:
“ While it may seem small, the ripple effects of small things is extraordinary.”
These small bullets don’t seem to bother
me.
28
PILLARS OF GOOD PEST MANAGEMENT…
Integrated Controls
Monitoring/ID
SanitationExclusion
Record Keeping