Effective publication

Sandra KnappNatural History Museum, London

Based on a talk given by Fred Barrie(MO) in La Plata, Argentina

Publication

The action of making publicly known;public notification or announcement;promulgation

Oxford English Dictionary

Comes from the Latin meaning to makepublic

What is scientific publishing?Henry Oldenburg, founder of the first Royal SocietyJournal Philosophical Transactions

350 years with print-on-paper publications. More recent surveys - authors expect rapid publication and

rapid peer-review.

Oldenburgs functions What the author wantsDissemination RecognitionRegistration OwnershipCertification ReputationArchive (Minutes ofScience)

Renown

Publication in the ICN

One of the three pillars of nomenclature Publication must be correct effective AND

valid Governed by Chapter IV EFFECTIVE

PUBLICATION Two sections conditions and dates Effective publication in Articles 29 to 31

Article 6.1

Effective publication is publication

in accordance with Articles 29-31

Two types of nomenclatural acts mustbe effectively published:

a) New names: Names of new taxa, newcombinations or replacement names.

b) Typifications published after thepublication of a name - designations of alectotype, neotype or epitype.

Publication is effected by the distributionof printed matter or, after 1 January 2012,electronic material, as defined in Article29

The date of effective publication is thedate printed matter or electronicpublication becomes available asstipulated in Article 31.1

Why does it matter?

You might need to be sure your new name,new combination or new typification iseffectively published Focus on Articles 29 and 31

You might need to find out if a name you wantto use has been effectively published Focus on Articles 29, 30 and 31

Article 29.1

Printed matter is distributed by sale, exchangeor gift to the general public or at least toaccessible scientific libraries.

The minimum number of copies needed is two(but limiting the distribution of the publicationto only two copies is a very bad idea!).

Knapp, S (2010) PLoS ONE5(5): e10502 (published 5May 2010)

Printed matter that is almostalways effectively published

1) Books

2) Scientific journals (periodicals)

3) Preprints from books or journals (articlesdistributed in advance of the book or journal)

Effectively published before 1 Jan. 1953, but notafter: Indelible autograph (handwritten material

reproduced mechanically, such as by lithography)(Articles 30.4, 30.5)

Trade catalogues (Article 30.6) Non-scientific newspapers (Article 30.6) Printed matter accompanying specimens (e.g.,

printed exsiccatae [specimen] lists) (Article 30.7)

Printed matter limited by date

Printed matter limited by date

Effectively published before 1 January1973, but not after:

Seed exchange lists (Article 30.6)

Effectively published before 1 Jan. 1953, but notafter:

(Article 30.8) Dissertations or theses submitted as arequirement for an academic degree unless

a) the work includes an explicit statement (referring to therequirements of the Code for effective publication), OR

b) it is published as part of a serial work (e.g., titled series ofmonographs), OR

c) there is other internal evidence that it is regarded aseffectively published by its author or publisher.

Printed matter limited by date

Examples of acceptable internalevidence

International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

Statement of the name of the printer,publisher or distributor.

Forms that are never effectivelypublished (Article 30.1) Verbal communication at a public meeting. Placing of names in collections or gardens open to

the public (Writing a name on herbarium labels isnot effective publication!)

Issue of microfilm of manuscripts, typescripts orother unpublished material.

Electronic publication other than that described inArt. 29.

Any electronic publication prior to 1 Jan 2012.

Electronic publication

Electronic publication via the internet wasapproved by the 2011 MelbourneCongress.

The starting date for electronic publicationwas 1 January 2012.

Requirements for effectivepublication electronically 1) The document must be in a PDF format. 2) The online publication must have either an

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)or an International Standard Book Number(ISBN) (Article 29.1).

3) The document must be the version thepublisher considers final. (Article 30.2).

The case of Dracula trigonopetala

The case of Bauhiniasaksuwaniae

Bauhinia saksuwaniae sp. nov.(Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae)from Thailand. by Sawai Mattapha,Pranom Chantaranothai and SomranSuddee, published online on 11December 2013 in Wiley OnlineLibrary (wileyonlinelibrary.com), hasbeen retracted by agreementbetween the authors, the journalEditor in Chief, Torbjrn Tyler andJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd. Theretraction has been agreed due tothe publication of a species underthe name B. nakhonpranomensis,prior to the publication of thisarticle.

The content of the published work must befixed and cannot be changed.

Content does not include:page numbersembedded hypertext linkswatermarks

(Article 30, Note 2)

Requirements for effectivepublication electronically

Things to think about.... Can be difficult to determine whether or not a paper

posted online is intended as a preliminary or finalversion

Full publication information on website but not on pdf.Since pdf is the effective publication, this could lead toproblems in the future

Articles are published online as preprints withoutfinal pagination of printed version. Should preprintpagination, final pagination, or both, be cited?

Not all publishers assign DOIs. Not a Code requirementbut means there may not be a persistent link to thepaper

Plant Biosystems

Recommendation 29A

29A.1 PDF should be in PDF/A archivalstandard (ISO 19005)

29A.2 Publish in places that satisfy thefollowing criteria: Place archival copies in multiple trusted digital

repositories Digital repositories in multiple countries Deposit printed copies in libraries in >1 part of

world (but avoid publishing in low copy numbers)

Dates of effective publication(Article 31) The date of effective publication is the date on

which the printed matter or electronicmaterial became available as defined inArticles 29 and 30.

In the absence of proof establishing anotherdate, the one appearing in the printed matteror electronic publication must be accepted ascorrect.

When a publication is issued in parallel aselectronic material and printed matter, bothmust be treated as effectively published onthe same date unless the dates of the versionscan be demonstrated to be different. (Article31.2).

Publications issued in parallel are of equalpriority.

Dates of effective publication(Article 31)

Informal recommendations These are my (Sandy Knapps) personal

recommendations not part of the Code!! Make sure you understand what the journals you

publish in are doing with e-publication Publish in journals that date stamp articles if pdf

copies are put online before print Work with editors and publishers to improve practice

for e-publication Inform IPNI (http://www.ipni.org) if you see new e-

publications they should know about