;/;kmfO / kmf]x/ d }nfsf ]lj;h{g

1

;/;kmfO / kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g

lˆnk rf6{ – &

;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kn] lk5l8Psf ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/]/ ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgL;DaGwL Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg] p2]Zon] tof/ ul/Psf] lˆnk rf6{

2

lˆnk rf6{sf] ?kdf tof/ ul/Psf] of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|L jf6/P8 g]kfn (WaterAid in Nepal) gfds cGt/f{li6«o u}x«;/sf/L ;+:yfn] tof/ u/]sf]

xf] . k|:t't lzIf0f ;fdfu|Ldf ;d]l6Psf ljifosf] n]vg z}nLnfO{ cema9L Jojxfl/s agfpg jf6/P8 g]kfnsf lgDg ;xsdL{ ;+:yfx?sf] ljz]if

of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . tL x'g\ M

– g]kfn :jf:Yosf] nflu kfgL (Nepal Water for Health - NEWAH)

– n'dlGt M cfjf;sf] nflu ;xof]u ;d"x (Lumanti - Support Group for Shelter)

– jftfj/0f tyf hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf (Environment and Public Health Organization - ENPHO)

– PsLs[t zx/L ljsf; s]Gb| (Center for Integrated Urban Development - CIUD)

– zx/L jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ;dfh (Urban Environment Management Society - UEMS)

-s_ n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] ju{n] klg a'‰g ;Sg]

-v_ ljz]ifu/L zx/L If]q / cf;kf;sf cJojl:yt a:tLdf /x]sf ljkGg ;d'bfon] ;d]t Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ ;Sg]

-u_ g]kfnsf] k|fo ;a}h;f] 7fpFsf ;d'bfosf] nflu :jLsfo{ x'g]

-3_ ;xhstf{sf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] .

of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|Ldf pNn]v ul/Psf ljj/0f, JofVof, lrq c? s;}n] klg cGoq k|of]u ug'{k/]df -jf6/P8 g]kfn_ sf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{5 .

xfd|f] egfO

jf6/P8 g]kfns'k08f]n, nlntk'/kf]i6 afs; g+= @)@!$, sf7df8f+}, g]kfn6]lnkmf]g M %%%@&^$, %%%@&^%, %)!!^@%km\ofS; M %%$&$@)Od]n : [email protected]

www.wateraid.org/nepal

Jff6/P8 ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo lzIff / ;/;kmfOsf If]qdf ;'wf/ u/L ljZjsf clt ljkGg ju{sf] hLjg ?kfGt/0f ug{ sfo{/t 5 . o; k|of;nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg lg0ff{osx?sf] Wofgfsif{0fsf nflu xfdL ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?l;t ldn]/ sfd u5f}{+ .

k|:t't lzIf0f ;fdfu|L tof/ ubf{ ljz]ifu/L lgDg kIfnfO{ Wofg lbOPsf] 5 M

3

;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgL ;DaGwL Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg] p2]Zon] of] lˆnk rf6{ tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . k|:t't ljifonfO{ lgDg adf]lhd ljleGg (

zLif{sx?df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 / tL x/]s zLif{snfO{ 5'§f–5'§} lˆnk rf6{df JofVof ul/Psf] 5 M

!= kfgL / ;/;kmfO @= JolQmut ;/;kmfO #= /h:jnf / ;/;kmfO

$= 3/fo;L ;/;kmfO %= jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO ^= rkL{sf] k|of]u / jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO

&= ;/;kmfO / kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g *= kmf]x/ kfgLaf6 x'g] /f]ux? -s_ (= kmf]x/ kfgLaf6 x'g] /f]ux? -v_

pk/f]Qm zLif{ssf] jf/]df !÷! j6f lˆnk rf6{ 5'§f–5'§} tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|L tL ( j6f lˆNk rf6{x?sf] ;dli6ut

;]6 xf] . lˆnk rf6{sf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ul/Psf] o; lzIf0f ;fdfu|Ldf pQm ljifosf] jf/]df lrqåf/f JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|L ;fdflhs / cfly{s ?kn] lk5l8Psf ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/]/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 oBlk o;sf] k|of]uaf6 cGo hg;d'bfox? klg

nfefjlGgt x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

nlIft ;d'bfonfO{ ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgLsf] jf/]df Jojxfl/s 1fg lbgsf] nflu kl/rofTds tflnd cfof]hgf ul/G5 / pQm tflndsf] gfd ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgL ;DaGwL Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg] tflnd x'g]5 .

tflnddf nlIft ;d'bfosf 3/kl/jf/af6 3/d"nL, cGo cleefjs, dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ckf+utf ePsf JolQmx? / ;dfhsf cu'jfx? ;xefuL x'g]5g\ / tflnd ;+rfngsf] nflu :yfgLo :t/sf :jf:Yo :jo+;]js, :jo+;]ljsfx? ;xhstf{ x'g]5g\ .

lzIf0f ;fdfu|Lsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro

4

;dli6ut ?kdf o; tflndaf6 lgDglnlvt p2]Zox? xfFl;n ug{ ;lsg]5 eGg] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 M

-s_ ;xefuLx?n] ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgLsf] jf/]df cfwf/e"t 1fg k|fKt ug]{5g\ .

-v_ nlIft ;d'bfosf x/]s 3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?df ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgL ;DaGwL afgL Jojxf/df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfpg]5 .

;xefuLx?n] tflnddf l;s]sf s'/fx?nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{5g\ h;sf] kmn:j?k nlIft ;d'bfodf b"lift kfgLsf] k|of]u / kmf]x/ d}nfsf]

sf/0faf6 x'g] /f]ux? nfUg] b/df sdL cfpg]5 / tL /f]uaf6 x'g] d[To' b/df sdL cfpg]5 .

of] tflnddf k|foMh;f] ;xeflutfd"ns lzIf0f ljlwx? g} k|of]u ul/G5 / k|To]s zLif{ssf] nflu ! 306feGbf s]xLa9L ;do nfUg]5 . To;}

n] x/]s lbg #÷# j6f zLif{ssf] jf/]df tflnd ug]{u/L tflnd ;~rfng tflnsf tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .

of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|L n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] ;d"xnfO{ nlIft u/]/ tof/ ul/Psf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'sf] jf/]df lrqx?sf] dfWodaf6 hfgsf/L

lbg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . cufl8sf] kfgfdf lrqx? lbOPsf] 5eg] k5fl8sf] kfgfdf pQm ljifojf/] 5f]6s/Ldf j0f{g ul/Psf]5 . k5fl8sf]

kfgfdf n]lvPsf] ;f] ljj/0f ;xhstf{n] k9\b} cufl8sf] kfgfdf lbOPsf lrqx?n] ;+s]t u/]s]f s'/f :ki6 x'g]u/L atfpg' k5{ .

lzIf0f ;fdfu|Lsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro

5

kmf]x/ eg]sf] s] xf] <

3/af6 s] s:tf kmf]x/x? lg:sG5g\ <

3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]x/sf] juL{s/0f

– h}ljs kmf]x/

– ch}ljs kmf]x/

– Nof08 lkmn kmf]x/

kmf]x/ d}nf Jojl:yt ug]{ pkfox?

h}ljs kmf]x/nfO{ k|fËfl/s dn agfpg] tl/sf

v]/uPsf] kfgL / kmf]x/ kfgLnfO{ s;/L Jojl:yt ug]{ <

kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g M lsg, s;/L, s;n] <

o; lˆnk rf6{df ;d]l6Psf ljifoj:t'x?

6

sfd gnfUg] j:t' xf] .

hxfF kfof] ToxfF kmfNg] j:t' xf] .

jftfj/0f k|b'lift u/fpg] j:t' xf] .

g/fd|f] b]lvg] j:t' xf] .

ljleGg /f]ux¿ km}nfpg ;xof]u ug]{ j:t' xf] .

kmf]x/ d}nfsf] sf/0faf6 x}hf, 6fOkmfO8, sdnlkQ -hl08;_, emf8f–kvfnf, cfpF, k]6df h'sf kg]{, n'tf], bfb, 3fp–vl6/f, cfFvf kfSg]

/f]u -6«sf]df_ h:tf ;?jf /f]ux? nfU5g\ .

kmf]x/ d}nfsf] sf/0faf6 jftfj/0f ;kmf gx'Fbf nfdv'§], e';'gf, d';f, sL/f km6\ofª\u|f x's{g] df}sf kfpF5g\ / To;af6 cf}nf], sfnfhf/, OG;]kmnfO{l6;, xfQLkfOn] h:tf ls6hGo /f]ux? nfU5g\ .

kmf]x/ d}nfsf] sf/0faf6 nfUg] /f]ux?sf] ;d:of g]kfnsf] zx/L If]q / u|fdL0f If]q b'a}df plQs} 5 .

ofb ug'{xf];\ M


7


8

xfd|f] 3/af6 k|fo M u/]/ oL kmf]x/x? lg:sG5g\ M

t/sf/L, kmnkm"nsf af]qmfx?

vfg gx'g] egL kmflnPsf cGg, t/sf/L h:tf vfB j:t'x?

efG;f, r'7\ofgaf6 lg:s]sf] kmf]x/ kfgL / cGo kmf]x/

v]taf/Ldf ePsf emf/kftx¿

k'/fgf, RofltPsf n'uf sk8f

sfd gnfUg] sfuhx?

;fdfg lsGg hfFbf kf]sf] kf/]/ NofPsf sfuh, Knfli6sx?

6'6]km'6]sf df6f]sf efF8f, l;;fsf efF8f, Knfli6ssf efF8fx?

sfddf gcfpg] egL km\ofFs]sf lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L

rkL{af6 lg:sg] 7f]; / t/n kmf]x/ -lb;f lk;fa_

3/af6 s] s:tf kmf]x/x? lg:sG5g\ <

9

vfg gx'g] egL kmflnPsf cGg, t/sf/L h:tf vfB j:t'x?,

t/sf/L, kmnkm"nsf af]qmfx?

efG;f, r'7\ofgaf6

lg:s]sf] kmf]x/

kfgL / cGo kmf]x/

v]taf/Ldf ePsf emf/kftx¿

sfd gnfUg] sfuhx? / k'/fgf RofltPsf n'ufsk8f

;fdfg lsGg hfFbf kf]sf] kf/]/ NofPsf sfuh, Knfli6sx?,

6'6]km'6]sf df6f]sf efF8f, l;;fsf efF8f, Knfli6ssf efF8fx?

3/af6 s] s:tf kmf]xf]/x? lg:sG5g\ <

10

;fdfGotof M 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]x/nfO{ # efudf jlu{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 M

-s_ h}ljs kmf]x/ M of] ;d"xdf s'lxg], ;8\g], uNg] k|sf/sf kmf]x/x? kb{5g\ . 3/af6 o; k|sf/sf] kmf]x/ g} ;a}eGbf a9L lg:sG5 h'g !) efusf] & efu x'G5 cyf{t\ &) k|ltzt .

-v_ ch}ljs kmf]x/ M of] ;d"xdf g;8\g], guNg], gs'lxg] t/ k'g M k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg] k|sf/sf kmf]x/ kb{5g\ . 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]x/ dWo] o; k|sf/sf] kmf]x/ !) efu dWo] @ efu x'G5 cyf{t\ sl/a @) k|ltzt .

-u_ Nof08 lkmn kmf]x/ M of] ;d"xdf g;8\g], guNg], gs'lxg] / k'g M k|of]udf Nofpg g;lsg] kmf]x/ kb{5g\ . 3/af6 o; k|sf/sf] kmf]x/ ;a}eGbf sd lg:sG5 h'g !) efusf] ! efu dfq x'G5 cyf{t\ !) k|ltzt .

ofb ug'{xf];\ M

lb;f–lk;fasf] jf/]df 5'§} pNn]v ul/Psf] x'Fbf To; jf/]df ofxfF rrf{ ul/Psf] 5}g\ .

lj/fdLsf] pkrf/ ubf{ lg:sg] kmf]x/ c:ktfn / cf}iflw pkrf/hGo kmf]x/df kb{5 / To;sf] jf/]df oxfF rrf{ ul/Psf] 5}g lsgeg] lj/fdLNffO{ k|fo M u/]/ c:ktfn jf cGo :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf g} cf}iflw pkrf/ ul/G5 .

3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]x/sf] juL{s/0f

11

s'lxg], ;8\g], uNg] k|sf/sf kmf]x/x?g;8\g], guNg], gs'lxg] / k'g M k|of]udf

Nofpg g;lsg] kmf]x/

g;8\g], guNg], gs'lxg]

t/ k'g M k|of]udf Nofpg

;lsg] k|sf/sf kmf]x/

3/af6 s] s:tf kmf]xf]/x? lg:sG5g\

12

of] ;d"xsf] kmf]x/df t/sf/Lsf af]qmf, ;fu;AhL, 3fF;kft, kmnkm"n, sfFrf] vfg]s'/f, ksfPsf] vfg]s'/f, cGgafnL kb{5g\ .

3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]x/ dWo] of] ;d"xdf kg]{ kmf]x/ ;a}eGbf a9L x'G5 .

o; k|sf/sf] kmf]x/ s]xL lbgkl5 cfkm} s'lxP/ dndf kl/0ft eO{ df6f]df ldl;G5 .

of] ;d"xdf kg]{ kmf]x/nfO{ Jojl:yt ?kn] lj;h{g gu/]df jftfj/0f g} b'u{lGwt x'G5, To; kmf]x/df /f]usf ls6f0f'x? a[l4 x'G5g\ / xfdLnfO{

ljleGg /f]ux? NffU5 .

t/ o; k|sf/sf] kmf]x/nfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] s'xfpg] u/]df o;af6 k|fFªfl/s dn agfpg ;lsG5, v]tjf/Ldf dn k|of]u ug{ kfOG5 /

kmf]x/af6 /f]u km}lng] ;Defjgf klg x'Fb}g .

-s_ h}ljs kmf]x/

ofb ug'{xf];\ M

s'lxg] t/ k|fFªfl/s dn agfpg Jojxfl/s gx'g] kmf]x/ h:t} d/]sf kz'kFIfLnfO{ eg] 5'§} hldgdf vf8n vg]/ k'g]{ ug'{kb{5 / Tof] s]xL

dlxgf jf jif{kl5 s'lxP/ df6f]df ldl;G5 .

13

s'lxg], ;8\g], uNg] k|sf/sf kmf]x/x?

h}ljs kmf]xf]/

14

of] ;d"xsf] kmf]x/df sfuh, Knli6s, sfFRfsf 6'qmf, l;;f, /a/, wft', sk8f kb{5g\ .

sfd gnfUg] eg]/ ˆofFs]sf oL kmf]x/nfO{ sRrf kbfy{sf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/]/ k'g M k|of]udf Nofpg] j:t'sf] ?kdf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

o; ;d"xdf kg]]{ kmf]x/nfO{ ;+sng u/]/ kmf]x/nfO{ df]x/ agfpg ;lsG5 / o;af6 jftfj/0f klg kmf]x/ x'g kfpFb}g .

k'g M k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg] ch}ljs kmf]x/ ;+Íng ug]{ sfd Joj;fosf] ¿kdf ;~rfng ePsf] 5 . h:t} vfnL l;;L–k'/fgf sfuh,

sjf8Lsf] hDdf u/]/ lalqm ug]{ sfd

-v_ ch}ljs kmf]x/

ofb ug'{xf];\ M

sfd gnfUg] Knfli6ssf emf]nf, Knfli6ssf cGo 6'qmfx?nfO{ 3/ 3/df ;'O/f]df hDdfu/L /fVg] / kl5 lalqm ug]{ jf gu/kflnsfsf]

tkm{af6 kmf]x/ ;+ng ug{ cfpg]nfO{ a'emfpg] sfo{ k|efjsf/L ePsf] 5 .

o; k|sf/sf] sfo{nfO{ yk k|f]T;fxg lbg] p2]Zon] k|f/De ul/Psf] Ps Ps ;'O/f] ljt/0f sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' pko'Qm x'g]5 .

15

g;8\g], guNg], gs'lxg] t/ k'gM k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg] k|sf/sf kmf]x/

ch}ljs kmf]xf]/

16

of] ;d"xsf] kmf]x/df KoflsË ug]{ lemnlemn] sfuh, lkmNd /f]n, Nf]ldg];g u/]sf sfuh kb{5g\ / oL kmf]x/x? ;8\b}gg\, uNb}gg\, s'lxFb}gg\

/ k'g M k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsb}g .

o; k|sf/sf] kmf]x/nfO{ vfnL hUufdf Jojl:yt ¿kn] /fVb} df6f]n] k'b}{ hfg'k5{ t/ o;sf] nflu v]tLkftL ug{ pko'Qm gx'g] 7fpF /f]Hg' k5{ .

of] ;d"xdf kg]{ km]fx/ lgs} g} sd x'G5 tfklg tL kmf]x/nfO{ 5'§} ;+sng ug'{k5{ .

-u_ Nof08 lkmn kmf]x/

17

g;8\g], guNg], gs'lxg] / k'gM k|of]udf Nofpg g;lsg] kmf]x/

Nof08 lkmN8 kmf]x/

18

-s_ kmf]x/ d}nf hDdf ug]{ lglZrt 7fpF lgwf{/0f ug]{ M

kmf]x/ d}nfnfO{ hxfFkfof] ToxfF ˆofFSg' xF'b}g . o;sf] nflu kmf]x/ hDdf ug{ Pp6f lglZrt 7fpF lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ / ;f]xL 7fpFdf dfq ;a}n]

kmf]x/ hDdf ug]{ afgL a;fNg' k5{ .

-v_ kmf]x/ d}nfnfO{ 5'§f5'§} efF8f]df hDdf ug]{ M

kmf]x/ d}nf hDdf ug]{a]nf b]lv g} h}ljs kmf]x/, ch}ljs kmf]x/ / Nof08 lkmn kmf]x/nfO{ 5'§f5'§} efF8f]df /fVg] afgL a;fNg' k5{ .

oL # k|sf/sf kmf]x/ hDdf ug{sf] nflu 5'§f 5'§} /Ësf] efF8f] k|of]u ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . h:t}

– h}ljs kmf]x/sf] nflu xl/of] efF8f]

– ch}ljs kmf]x/sf] nflu kx]nf] /Ësf] efF8f]

– Nof08 lkmnsf] nflu /ftf] /Ësf] efF8f]


ofb ug'{xf];\ M

kmf]x/ d}nf sd ug'{ / kmf]/s d}nfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug'{ xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] .

kmf]x/ d}nf sd ePdf kmf]x/ hDdf ug{ yf]/} 7fpF eP k'U5, yf]/} k};fn] kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 / 3/ kl/jf/ / kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkg ug]{ lgsfosf] sfdsf] af]em klg sd x'G5 .

:jR5 jftfj/0fdf g} ;kmn hLjgsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsG5 .

19

kmf]x/ d}nf Jojl:yt ug{] pkfox?

20

-u_ kmf]x/ d}nf sd ug]{ tl/sf ckgfpg] M

;Dej eP;Dd ch}ljs / Nof08 lkmn kmf]x/ x'g] j:t'x? sd k|of]u ug]{ . h:t} ahf/df ;fdfgx¿ lsgd]n ug{ hfFbf Knfli6ssf] emf]nfsf]

;§f sk8fsf] emf]nf k|of]u ug]{ .

Knfli6ssf emf]nf, af]tnnfO{ csf]{ k6s klg k|of]u ug]{ / sfd gnfUg] cj:yfsf Knfli6ssf emf]nf, af]tn, wft', sfuh, l;;f h:tf ch}ljs kmf]x/

sjf8LnfO{ lalqm ul/lbg] .

h}ljs kmf]x/nfO{ 3/df g} k|fËfl/s dn agfpg] / dn tof/ ePkl5 v]tjf/Ldf k|of]u ug]{ jf lalqm ul/lbg] .

Nof08 lkmn kmf]x/nfO{ gu/kflnsf jf kmf]x/ ;+sng ug{ cfpg] c? s'g} lgsfonfO{ lbg] . t/ To; k|sf/sf] lgsfo gePdf pQm kmf]x/

nfO{ v]tL of]Uo gx'g] hUufdf uf8\g] .


ofb ug'{xf];\ M

l;;f, wft', sfuh, Knfli6s h:tf ch}ljs kmf]x/x¿ laqmL u/]df tL ;fdfg pTkfbg ug{sf] nflu pBf]unfO{ sRrf kbfy{ k|fKt x'G5 /

3/ kl/jf/nfO{ klg cfo cfh{g x'G5 .

sfuh, ;'s]s]f emf/kft, 3fF;, k/fnnfO{ Ps}7fpFdf hDdf u/L cfuf]df afn]/ klg lj;h{g ug{ ;lsG5 .

v]/ uPsf] vfg]s'/f 3/kfn'jf hgfj/nfO{ vfg lbP/ klg kmf]x/ sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

21

kmf]x/ d}nf Jojl:yt ug{] pkfox?

22

s'lxg], ;8\g], uNg] k|sf/sf] kmf]x/nfO{ Pp6f efF8f]df hDdf ug]{

h}ljs kmf]x/nfO{ k|fËfl/s dn agfpgsf] nflu s/];fjf/L jf au}Frfdf Pp6f vf8n vGg] .

hDdf u/]sf] kmf]x/nfO{ ;f]xL vf8ndf /fVg] / x/]s lbgsf] kmf]x/nfO{ To;}dfly yKb}hfg] .

olb 5 eg] To; y'k|f]df s]xL dn /fVg] h;n] cem/fd|f] k|fËfl/s dn tof/ x'g ;xof]u u5{ .

kmf]x/af6 lg:sg] b'u{Gw /f]Sg kmf]x/nfO{ df6f], v/fgL jf k/fnn] 5f]Kg] .

kmf]x/sf] y'k|f] Hofb} ;'s]sf] ePdf dfyLaf6 yf]/}–yf]/} kfgL 5ls{lbg] t/ jiff{sf] ;dodf kmf]x/sf] y'k|f]nfO{ kfgLn] w]/} leHgaf6 arfpg 5f]

lklbg] .

kmf]x/nfO{ /fd|/L s'lxgsf] nflu leq;Dd clS;hg k'Ug'k5{ . To;}n] kmf]x/nfO{ &÷& lbgdf kN6fpg' k5{ . o;f] ubf{ To;df /x]sf lemFªfsf]

km'nx? klg gi6 x'G5g\ .

s]xL dlxgfkl5 of] kmf]x/ k|fËfl/s dndf kl/0ft x'G5 / o;nfO{ v]tjf/Ldf dnsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .


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k|fËfl/s dn agfpg yf/} dfq hUuf ePklg k'U5 t/ hUuf pknAw gePdf sf7sf] afs;, 7'nf] jflN6g jf 8«d klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

tL efF8f]nfO{ £f/sf] sf};Ldf, j/08fdf jf cfkm'nfO{ ;lhnf] x'g] cGo s'g} 7fpFdf /fv]/ klg k|fËfl/s dn agfpg ;lsG5 .

6f]n l5d]sL;Fu ldn]/ klg ;+o'Qm ¿kdf k|fËfl/s dn agfpg agfpg ;lsG5 M

– 6f]n l5d]sL;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ o;sf] nflu s'g} lglZrt 7fpF 5gf]6 ug]{

– k|fËfl/s dn agfpg] 7fpFdf s's'/ uP/ kmf]x/ hxfFtxL 5g{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] To; 7fpFnfO{ O+{6fn] jl/kl/ £f]g]{ t/ O{+6fnfO{ l;d]G6 jf

df6f]n] ghf]8\g]

– To; 7fpFdf kmf]x/ /fVb} hfg]

– x/]s ;ft lbgkl5 tL O{+6fx¿nfO{ lems]/ csf]{ 7fp“+nfO{ 3]/]/ k|fËfl/s dn agfpg] 7fpF tof/ ug]{


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vfgf vfg'eGbf klxn] / vfgf vfPkl5 xft w'g, efF8f s'F8fx? df‰g / xft, v'§f, d'v w'g ;lhnf] xf];\ egL x/]s 3/df

r'7\ofg÷h'7\ofg agfpg] .

r'7\ofg ÷h'7\ofg agfpgsf] nflu efG;fsf] Ps 5]p, wf/f glhs}, 3/sf] Ps 5]p pko'Qm x'G5 / cj:yf cg';f/ 9'Ëf, O{+6f, l;d]06 nufP/ agfpg ;lsG5 .

r'7\ofg ÷h'7\ofgaf6 lg:s]sf] kmf]x/ kfgLnfO{ au}+rf, s/];fjf/Ldf ;b'kof]u ug]{ .

wf/faf6 v]/ uPsf] kfgL / kmf]x/ kfgLNffO{ gfnL agfP/ au+}rf, s/];fjf/Ldf nufpg] jf kfgL ;f];]/ ;'sfpg] vf8n agfpg] .

v]/uPsf] kfgL / kmf]x/ kfgLnfO{ s;/L Jojl:yt ug]{ <

ofb ug'{xf];\ M

v]/ uPsf] kfgL / kmf]x/ kfgLnfO{ Jojl:yt u/]df

3/ cfFug jl/kl/ kfgL hDb}g, kmf]x/ x'Fb}g, hxfFtxL emf/kft pd|g kfpFb}g

lemFuf, nfdv'§]sf] a[l4 x'Fb}g / /f]ux? km}lng] ;Defjgf klg sd x'G5

kmf]x/ kfgLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsG5 / 3/jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf ;'U3/ x'G5

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v]/ uPsf] kfgL / kmf]x/ kfgLnfO{ s;/L Jol:yt ug{] <

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kmf]x/ d}nfsf] Jojl:yt ?kn] lj;h{g u/]df jftfj/0f k|b'lift x'g kfpFb}g / ljleGg ;?jf /f]ux? klg km}lng kfpFb}g .

kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g 3/ kl/jf/n] ;lhn};Fu ug{ ;S5g\ .

zx/ ahf/ / afSnf] a:tL ePsf ufpF÷6f]ndf kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g ug{ gu/kflnsf, uf=lj=;=n] ljz]if kxn u/]s]f x'G5 t/ To;df klg 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;xof]u h?/L x'G5 .

kmf]x/ d}nf lj;h{g ug]{ sfd ;/sf/L k|of;n] dfq ;Dej x'Fb}g / u}x|;/sf/L :t/af6 k|fKt x'g] ;xof]udf dfq klg lge{/ ug'{ x'b}g .

kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g ug]{ ;a}eGbf 7'nf] lhDd]jf/L x/]s JolQmdf /x]sf] x'G5 .

kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g M lsg, s;/L, s;n] <

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kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g M lsg, s;/L / slxn] <

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;/;kmfO / kmf]x/ d }nfsf ]lj;h{g