Klein Collins World History Coach Kappeler ; Room 194

Klein CollinsWorld History

Coach Kappeler; Room 194

TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:• Summarize Aryan influence into India• Describe Hinduism• Describe Buddhism• Describe Confucianism• Explain the influence of each

AGENDA:• WARM-UP:

• LECTURE & DISCUSSION• REVIEW

ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:

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Lecture Outline: Far East Religions and Philosophies

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”

AryansI. India


A. Around 1500 B.C the Aryans enter the Indus River Valley and bring with them their Vedas. Sacred Literature and collection of prayers.

B. Refer to themselves as “the nobles” and the natives dasas = “dark” later becomes known as slave

C. Beginning of a Caste System = 4 Classes of India’s peopleD. Aryans were divided into 3 social classes; later 4 1. Brahmins / priests 2. Warriors 3. Peasants / traders Shudras – Non Aryan laborers

or craftsmen 4. VarnasE. Religious beliefs mixed which resulted in belief of thousands of gods.



AryansI.


A. Around 1500 B.C the Aryans enter the Indus River Valley and bring with them their Vedas. Sacred Literature and collection of prayers.

B. Refer to themselves as “the nobles” and the natives dasas = “dark” later becomes known as slave

C. Beginning of a Caste SystemD. Aryans were divided into 3 social classes; 1. Brahmins / priests 2. Warriors 3. Peasants / traders 4. Shudras – Non Aryan tradersE. Mingling of the two people



HinduismI. Origins and Beliefs


A. Unable to trace back to one founder with single set of beliefs

B. View religion as a way of liberating the soul from illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday existence.

C. Hindu teachers attempted to explain the Vedas. They meditated upon this and their answers became known as Upanishads.


1. Upanishads are written dialogues or discussions between a student and teacher.

2. Want to achieve liberation from desires and suffering = Moksha. A state of perfect understanding of all things.


Hinduism Cntd:I. Origins and Beliefs


A. Atman, the individual soul of a living beingB. Brahman, the world soul that contains and unites all

atmansC. When a person understands the relationship between

atman and Brahman, that person achieves perfect understanding (Moksha) and a release from life in this world.

D. Reincarnation, an individual soul or spirit is born again and again until Moksha is achieved.

E. Karma, a soul’s good or bad deeds; follows from one reincarnation to another. Caste System.



Hinduism Cntd:I. Changes and Developments


A. Brahman sometimes seen as having three personalities: Brahma, the creator; Vishnu, the protector; Shiva, the destroyer

B. Today: Hindus are free to choose the diety they worship or to choose none at all

C. Also free to choose the path for achieving Moksha


1. Path of right thinging.2. Path of right action3. Path of religious devotion


Hinduism Cntd:I. Changes and Society


A. Caste SystemB. Beliefs of Hinduism and the caste structure dominate

every aspect of a person’s life


1. What one could eat2. How one ate it3. Personal Cleanliness4. People one could associate with5. How on dressed.

II. New ReligionsA. Jainism, founded by Mahavira, believed that everything

in the universe has a soul and so should not be harmedB. Sweep paths in front of them and wear gauze masksC. Look for occupations that involve not harming any

creature. Trade and commerceD. Due to their business activities, they make up one of the

wealthiest communities in India.E. Preach tolerance for all religions


Buddhism:I. Founded by Siddhartha Gautama

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

A. Destined for greatness before birthB. Decides to spend life in search of religious truth and an

end to suffereingC. At 29, leaves palace and wander’s forests of India for six

years in search of Enlightenment, or wisdom.D. After 49 days of meditation, he achieved an

understanding of the cause of suffering in this world.E. From this point on he was known as Buddha, “the

enlightened one”


Buddhism:I. Origins and Beliefs


A. First sermon to his 5 companions he laid out four main ideas.

B. The Four Noble Truths

1. Everything in life is suffering and sorrow2. The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for

the temporary pleasures of this world.3. The way to end all suffering is to end all desires.4. The way to overcome such desires and attain

Enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which is called the Middle Way between desires and self-denial.


Buddhism:I. Seeking Enlightenment


A. Follow the Eightfold PathB. Following this you reach Nirvana, Buddha’s word for

release from selfishness and pain.C. Like a staircase; must master one step at a time

1. Right Views2. Right Intentions3. Right Speech4. Right Livelihood5. Right Effort6. Right Mindfulness7. Right Concentration8. Right Resolve (Actions/Conduct)


Buddhism:I. Buddhism Religious Society


A. Five disciples that heard Buddha’s first sermon were the first monks admitted to a sangha, or Buddhist religious order.

B. Sangha has come to refer to the entire religious community

C. Three Jewels of Buddhism1. Religious community2. Buddha3. The dharma, or the Buddhist doctrine or law.


Buddhism:I. Buddhism and Society


A. Rejected the caste system; many early followers included laborers and craftspeople.

B. Had a strong following in northeast India; Aryans didn’t have as strong of an influence there.

C. Allowed women but only reluctantly; fear that they would distract the men from their religious duties.

D. Monks and Nuns; vow of poverty

II. Following Buddha’s deathA. Missionaries spread to Southeast Asia and to Central

Asian trade routes = China.B. Never gained a foothold in India; Hinduism might have

absorbed Buddhism.


Confucianism:I. Founded by Confucius.


A. China’s most influential scholar during the Zhou Dynasty that was being torn apart by warring lords.

B. Believed social order, harmony, and good government could be restored in China if society was organized around five basic relationships.

1. Ruler and subject2. Father and son3. Husband and wife4. Older brother and younger brother5. Friend and friend a. Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living. b. In return, subjects should be loyal and law-abiding.

C. Children practice filial piety, respect for their parents and elders.


Confucianism:I. Confucianism Cntd.


A. Students collected his works in a book called Analects.B. Set the groundwork for the creation of a bureaucracy, a

trained civil service or those who run the government.C. Education became critically important to career

advancement in the bureaucracy.D. Never was a religion but was an ethical system. Became

the foundation for Chinese government and social order.

Documents

Klein Collins World History Coach Kappeler ; Room 194