DEVELOPMENT OF

IMPROVED COCOA

CLONES FOR FARMERS:

THE CASE OF

PHILIPPINE

CLONES/HYBRIDS

ROMULO L. CENA, Ph.D.

University of Southern Mindanao

Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines

Landline: +63642482426 Mobile #639207338887

romulo55cena@yahoo.com

Around 10,000 to 15,000 cacao farmers

nationwide.

Annual consumption in beans equivalent is

about 25,000 MT

Average cacao beans production: 6-7 T MT

Current average yield per tree is 1.30 kg dried

beans.

Average value of imports: USD 42M, chocolate

products and consumable not included

FACTS AND FINDINGS

Average value of exports:

USD 3.5 million

Major growing regions are :

Davao Region, Northern

Mindanao, CARAGA, Western

Mindanao, and Eastern

Visayas.

Davao Region produced 77%

of cacao beans supply in the

last 5 years (2006-2011).

A. Germplasm Collection

1. Eighty-eight (88) accessions collected

all over the country.

2. Twenty-five (25) collected from abroad.

3. Twelve (17) new hybrids introduced

into the country through the INGENIC

Asia- Pacific Program for Cocoa.

4. Coordinated and financed by MARS

Inc., and World Cocoa Foundation

(WCF)

Germplasm collection

• 125 total accessions

maintained

– Forastero

– Trinitario

– Criollo

– Theobroma bicolor

– 100 clones to be

requested by the

University of

Reading

Accession No.

Clone

Ccr-001 UF-42

Ccr-002 EET-376

Ccr-003 ICS-8

Ccr-004 UF 650

Ccr-005 EET-94

Ccr-006 CC-18

Ccr-007 R-117

Ccr-008 GA-11

Ccr-009 SCA-94

Ccr-0010 Amelionad0

Ccr-0011 SCA-6

Ccr-0012 SIC-12

Ccr-0013 NA-36

Ccr-0014 ICS-6

Ccr-0015 EET-12

Accession No.

Clone

Ccr-0016 Catongo

Ccr-0017 UIT/PA7

Ccr-0018 ICS-60

Ccr-0019 ICS-40

Ccr-0020 UF-29

Ccr-0021 EET-19

Ccr-0022 SCA-12

Ccr-0023 P-7

Ccr-0024 SPA-4

Ccr-0025 R-29

Ccr-0026 SIAL

Ccr-0027 UF-242

Ccr-0028 UF-613

Ccr-0029 Forastero

Ccr-0030 A-246

Accession No.

Clone

Ccr-0031 BR-25

Ccr-0032 S-5

Ccr-0033 GU-235Q

Ccr-0034 UF-676

Ccr-0035 GU-133P

Ccr-0036 GU-258P

Ccr-0037 GU-228P

Ccr-0038 GU-123P

Ccr-0039 GU-414E

Ccr-0040 CC-44

Ccr-0041 SPA-9

Ccr-0042 SCA-49

Ccr-0043 C-7

Ccr-0044 UF-667

Ccr-0045 THS-64

Cacao clones to be acquired this

year 2013

100 clones of cacao to be acquired from the

International Cocoa Quarantine Center

UF18 M01 K2

TS03 Cr-01 PBC 123

B. Characterization using morphological

markers

C. Characterization using molecular markers

D. Conduct Genetic Diversity

Analysis as basis for Hybrid

Breeding

1. Morphological analysis

2. Isozyme analysis

3. Molecular marker analysis

a. Selection of parents

b. Emasculation/hybridi

zation

c. Evaluation of hybrids

d. Selection of desirable

hybrid plant

e. Clonal evaluation

A. Breeding of Desirable Cacao Germplasm

Crosses Made:

1. BR 25 x K2 8. P 1 x P8

2. BR 25 x K1 9. UF 18 x BR 25

3. BR 25 x S5 10. UF x K1

4. K2 x K1 11. UF x K2

5. K1 x K2 12. UF x S5

6. BR 25 x P1 13. UF x PBC 123

7. BR 25 x P8 14. S5x K2

BR 25 X K2

BR 25 X K2

BR 25 X K1

PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

USM, Philippines

MCB, Malaysia

ICCRI, Indonesia

CCI, Papua New Guinea

NLU, Vietnam

CPCRI, India

Hybrids harvested this 2nd of November 2012.

Table 1. Kind crosses, no. of flowers pollinated, no. of fruits

developed and percentage (%) success pollination of cacao.

CROSSES No. of flowers

pollinated

No. of fruits

developed

Percentage of success

pollination (%) Female Male

UF 18 BR 25 186 10 5.4

UF 18 K2 206 45 21.8

UF 18 K1 152 31 20.3

UF 18 PBC 123 188 30 15.9

UF 18 S5 154 8 5.2

S5 K2 20 5 25

K9 S5 30 7 26.5

TOTAL 936 136

Philippine cacao hybrid seedlings

transplanted in the field (April 2012)

Vietnam Clones

Papua New Guinea Hybrids Indonesian Hybrids

PNG Cacao

Hybrid

Trees

KEE 42 X K72-124 KEE 42 X K 82

KEE 42 X K 82 KEE 42 X K 82

MALAYSIAN HYBRIDS

PBC 123 x LAFI 7

QH22 x NA 33 PBC 123 x LAFI 7

Table 2. Number of plants, no. of plants with fruits, stem

girth and jorquette height of two hybrids from

PNG and one hybrid from Malaysia planted in

2009 at USM, Kabacan, Cotabato.

Crosses No. of

plants

No. of

plants

with

fruits

Stem Girth

(cm)

Jorquette

Height (cm)

Female Male

1. KEE 42 K72-124 30 5 14.2 114.9

2. KEE 42 K82 34 4 16.0 119.0

3. MCBC 3 KKM 22 1 1 19.4 137.0

KEE 42 X K72- 124 KEE 42 X K72- 124 KEE 42 X K72- 124

Crosses

Malaysia

Length of

bean

(cm)

Width of

bean

(cm)

Thickness

(cm)

Weight of

100 dry

beans (g)

QH 22 X NA 33 24.6 1.3 0.8 105.9

PBC 123 X QH 22 25.0 1.3 1.0 127.2

PBC 123 X LAFI 7 24.6 1.3 1.0 130.6 CCI, Papua New Guinea

KEE 42 x K72-124 26.6 14.0 1.0 127.1

KEE 42 x K 82 24.0 13.4 0.8 120.4

Control

BR 25 23.0 1.3 0 .9 106.3

UF-18 26.0 1.4 0. 9 141.3

Table 3. Dry bean data of cacao crosses coming from

Malaysia and PNG.

Three cacao crosses from Malaysia

QH 22 X NA 33

PBC 123 X QH22

Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella)

Life Cycle (3‐5 weeks)

Adult(3‐7 days)

Egg (3‐7 days)

Larva (14‐18 days) Emerging Larva

Pupa (5‐7 days)

Video file (double click)

1. Development of Artificial Diet for Cocoa Pod Borer

2.Vascular Streak Die Back and Pod

Rot Studies

VSD

3. Research at the nursery level

• Effect of different size of polybag on the

growth of UF18 cacao seedling

• Effect of different media combination on the

growth of UF18 cacao seedling

• Study on different propagation methods

4. Intercropping Cacao under 20-year old

rubber plantation.

5. Determination of

Theobromine Content,

Butterfat content, etc.

S5

K1 K2

Sample of cacao pods of NSIC approved

varieties

1. Establishment of Budwood Garden in Strategic

Location in the Philippines

• USM, Kabacan, Cotabato

• Sta. Maria, Davao del Sur

• San Isidro, Davao del Norte

• Mati, Davao Oriental

• Ninoy Aquino, Sultan Kudarat

• Zamboanga City

• Zamboanga Sibugay

• Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte

• Brookes Point, Palawan

• Puerto Princesa, Palawan

• Naga City

• Lambunao, Iloilo City

• Coner, Apayao

• Sorsogon

2. Survey, Identification and Tagging of Existing

Budwood Garden

Summary

• 125 accessions maintained in our

genebank

• Breeding of cacao and others studies in

going-on.

• Exchange of hybrids with 5 other countries

Malaysia, Indonesia, PNG, Vietnam,India

. 10 NSIC approved varieties of cacao in

the Philippines

.

SUMMARY

• 3 more new varieties indorse by the NSIC

secretariate yesterday to the seed council.

PBC 123, USM CH 01, USM CH 02.

. Seedling Available for Sale in Cacao

Nurseries all over Mindanao are mostly

UF 18, BR 25, K2, K9 ande K1.

Pure Tablea. Chokolate de

Universidad. PICRI, USM,