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Kistler,
Sound Footing
in BiomechanicsSystems for a precise understanding
of human balance, locomotionand performance.
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Kistler offers complete systems for precise analysis in biomechanics
Complete Systems
Make Biomechanics
Transparent
Force and movement arethe key variables in biomechanics.
Measuring the ground reaction forcesis a distinction of Kistler.
We offer complete systemsfrom the force plate
through the electronics to the user-oriented software.
Strides for Knowledge – with Our High
How Does it Work?
Piezoelectric materials, especially quartz crystal, yield an electric charge propor-tional to the mechanical load applied. They are the heart of force sensors. Force plates usually consist of a top plate (aluminum, steel or glass) mounted on four 3-component force sensors. Each of these sensors measures the force com-ponent acting on it in three orthogonal directions.
What is Biomechanics?Life expresses itself in movement, mechanics describes movement – this is what lies behind the term biomechanics.Movement occurs only when forces are acting. These can often not be recogni-zed let alone appraised by the naked eye. The magnitude and direction of the forces acting on the body contain valu-able information for orthopedists, coa-ches, shoe manufacturers, ergonomists, neurologists, car makers and many other specialists in the broad interdisciplinary field of biomechanics.
Measuring System for Ground Reaction Forces Forces occurring between foot and ground when standing, walking, running, jumping and sliding. They are accurately recorded with one or more force plates. The BioWare software developed by Kist-ler processes the signals recorded by the force plates and, depending on the appli-cation, provides a series of informative parameters such as:• 3 force components• Resultant force• Direction of force• Center of pressur/(COP)• Torque• Coefficient of friction• Power and energyThese parameters can be recorded stati-cally and dynamically in real time. Even the fastest events in biomechanics can be captured reliably.
Biomechanics laboratory for gait analysis
h-Performance Systems
Stay Ahead with Quartz Force Plates In all biomechanical measurements, the person being tested must be unaware of the measuring devices and his move-ments must not be influenced by the instrumentation. Kistler force plates can be built into the floor so that they are practically invisible, and can be operated discreetly, easily and safely. Quartz force plates, like all quartz sensors, offer several unique features:• Extremely sensitive yet safe against overload• Large measuring range• Wide frequency range recording even the fastest force changes• Absolutely stable, virtually unlimited operational life• Recalibrations are unnecessary• Reliable and accurate• 5 years warranty on all force plates • Compatible with other systems
The Charge Amplifier Quartz sensors yield electric charge as output signal. Prior to data processing, this signal is converted into a proporti-onal voltage by a charge amplifier. For force plates, the 8-channel charge amp-lifier Type 9865 is mostly used and fully remote controlled by BioWare.Datasheet: 9865E_000-287
Evaluating the Data with BioWare 2812A1The BioWare software system makes the operation and application of force plates extremely simple, but at the same time offers almost unlimited possibilities. Versatile graphics and configurations allow simple, user-friendly working in all applications. Charge amplifiers and force plates are remote controlled by BioWare, allowing the user to concentrate fully on his measurements. Datasheet: 2812A_000-370
BioWare Performance 2812A2The Performance module is tailored mainly to applications in sports. Measur-ands such as work, power, displacement of the body's center of mass (COM) e. g. jumping height, and force gradient are available. Datasheet: 2812A_000-370
The Pioneer in MulticomponentForce MeasurementKistler made history in 1969 introducing the first commercially available force pla-tes. Since then, all over the world, over 1500 force plates have long become the unchallenged standard tool of leading specialists in biomechanics. Kistler is certified to ISO 9000 and ope-rates a calibration laboratory accredited by the SCS (Swiss Calibration Service). This is another guarantee of Kistler’s quality and precision.
Measuring chain
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A wide spectrum of applications calls for flexibility and high quality force plates
Research:
Understanding,
How Man Moves
Over a million years ago,humans started to walk erect.Only recently has technology
enabled his gait to be measured accurately and
reliably – and to be better understood.
An Accurate Picture of an Inaccurate W
Reliable MeasurementsResearch demands accurate measure-ments to enable world-wide exchange and comparison of results. In biome-chanics, the very nature of biological systems makes them difficult to record precisely. Multiple measurements are normally necessary to draw statistically significant conclusions.Kistler force plates are recognized as the world-wide standard; delivering reliable, reproducible results over a very long service life.
VersatilityKistler force plates are a cost-effective investment, since they have a long ser-vice life, and their versatility ensures suitability to any future application. The same force plate measures smallforces just as accurately as very large ones. It can also reliably record even the fastest force impulses.
The force plates can be used in any posi-tion. The inter faces to other systems are simple and reliable. Kistler will gladly provide all technical information on request.
Research and Development Force plates are used in the following three main fields:• Gait analysis in orthopedics, prosthe- tics, rehabilitation and sports.• Explosive events such as impacts and push-offs in sports, in ergonomics as well as in the development of shoes and playing surfaces.• Posturography (maintaining balance) in neurology, psychology, the phar- maceutical industry and orthopedics. Talk to us about your field of application so that we can suggest the best system for you. Kistler is a charter member of the Inter- national Society of Biomechanics ISB and supports its activities as the main sponsor.
Acceleration Sensors A wide selection of single-axis and tri-axial acceleration sensors offers almost unlimited possibilities in biomechanics and other areas of research and indus-try. Outstanding peformance is offered by the ultra-lightweight, highly sensitive K-BEAM sensors providing genuine static measurement, too. Acceleration catalogue 900-380Heart beat to jumping force – one and
the same force plate can record both
Various acceleration sensors
Transparent force plates used in gait analysis
Technical Data Type 9281C... 9287B... 9285 Range Fx, Fy –10 ... 10 kN –10 ... 10 kN –2,5 ... 2,5 kN Fz –10 ... 20 kN –10 ... 20 kN 0 ... 5 kNNatural frequency fx, fy ≈1 000 Hz ≈750 Hz ≈300 Hz fz ≈1 000 Hz ≈520 Hz ≈500 HzDimensions mm 400x600x100 600x900x100 400x600x150 Weight kg 16 25 45
Technical Data Type 9253B12 Range Fx, Fy –10 ... 10 kN Fz –10 ... 20 kN Natural frequency fx ≈800 Hz fy ≈750 Hz fz ≈850 Hz Dimensions mm 400x600x100 Weight kg 40
orld
Force Plate 9281C...
Universal force plate for a broad field of application. Wide measuring range, low weight, particularly suitable for highly dynamic events.Data sheet: 9281C_000-156
Force Plate 9285
Transparent force plate for observation or filming of the footprint area. Lateral lighting causes the contact area of the bare foot to light up brightly.Data sheet: 9285_000-157
BioWare 2812A1PC software for problem-free measure-ment with one or two force plates. Full remote control of the entire system by means of a user-friendly menu. Wide choice of functions for data processing, display and analysis. Data sheet: 2812A_000-370
Force Plate 9287B...
Large force plate, particularly suitable for sports. Excellent ratio of large measu-ring area to high natural frequency.Data sheet: 9287A_000-159
Waterproof Force Plate 9253B12
Particularly rugged force plate for harsh environments. Completely waterproof (degree of protection IP 68, 5 bar), wide measuring range, especially suitable for very dynamic events. Data sheet: 9253B_000-146
BioWare Performance 2812A2Extension module to BioWare for measuring and calculating performance-related parameters such as work, power, displacement of the body's center of mass (COM), etc.Data sheet: 2812A_000-370
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Biomechanics in daily clinical practice: The human being comes first
Clinical:
Step by Step
Into a New Life
Patients with pathologies and injured patients have special needs.
Precise biomechanical data are a reliable aid to physicians and therapists.
Kistler systems provide clinicians with the ability to assess
existing conditions, monitor rehabilition and maximize potential.
Technology Serving Man
Gait AnalysisThe slightest variations and asymmetries in the forces excerted can be captured with force plates. Detecting, changes in the impact force after Achilles tendon surgery, adjusting and wearing-in of a prosthesis, or detecting compensatory loading on the healthy side in unilateral joint injury are a few such examples.
Clear ResultsForce plates provide exactly quan tifi ab le information, essential and indispens able for a reliable diagnosis. Objective state-ments can now be made in or tho pedic, assessment logging the progress of reha-bilitation, and neurology.The subjective judgement "yes, I believe it is getting better" of the past can be replaced by an objective documentation of every improvement.
Simple OperationRoutine application in everyday clini-cal practice calls for simple installation procedures and above all uncomplicated, easy operation. BioWare allows the user to concentrate on the current problem without being disturbed by technical details. Certain force plates such as Type 9286 (with the Walkway Type 9401A) can be set up and operated almost any-where easily.
NeurologyA very low threshold is a must in this field, requiring as it does the accurate recording of the smallest force variati-ons (micro-vibrations) and the slightest shifts in the body's center of mass. Here, the unique property of the piezoelectric measuring principle comes fully into its own: one and the same quartz sensor can measure "grams" or "tons"!
Gait analysis for everyday clinical work
Technical Data Type 9286A... Range Fx, Fy –2,5 ... 2,5 kN Fz 0 ... 10 kN Natural frequency fx, fy ≈350 Hz fz ≈200 Hz Dimensions mm 400x600x35 Weight kg 17,5
Force Plate 9286A...
Portable force plate for versatile appli-cation. Simply set up and measure. With the modular Walkway 9401A suitable mainly for gait analysis and other low-impact applications. Also available as Type 9288 only for vertical force.Data sheet: 9286A_000-158
BioWare 2812A1
PC software for problem-free measure-ment with one or two force plates. Full remote control of the entire system by means of a user-friendly menu. Large choice of functions for data processing, display and analysis. Datasheet: 2812A_000-370
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The dynamics of sports place particularly high demands on force plates
Sports:
Success Is All
that Counts
Top results in competition are the goal of all training.
Yet, steps of progress are getting smaller and smaller, can only be
visualized by sensitive instruments.Kistler force plates prove successful time and again in optimizing force,
movement and coordination in sports.
Top Performance Is the Goal – Kistler S
What Counts Are the Results! Top-class athletes are venturing ever clo-ser to the limit of the loading capacity of the human body. Even the slightest errors lead to excess stress or even injury, which may impair performance for ever. Kistler force plates make a substantial contribution in two areas:• Analysis of stress in competition and
during training. Loading patterns are thereby made visible which even the eye of an experienced coach is unable to discern.
• Monitoring allows optimal training close to the limits, yet warns promptly against overload which could lead to injury. At the same time, the athlete can see his progress towards victory.
High Dynamics The fast explosive events in sports are accurately recorded by Kistler force plates. They feature a very high natural frequency and a high loading capacity, both unique qualities inherent to piezo-electric measuring technology.
Outstanding Advantages Quartz force plates are ideal for all applications in sports.• Versatile: thanks to a wide measuring range and high dynamic reponse.• Simple: largely automated operation.• Safe: thanks to a large overload capa- city and automatic offset correction.BioWare controls the entire system, either with one or two force plates, and allows simple, versatile processing, display and recording of the measured data. Kistler has designed various force pla-tes for very specific applications such as recording the world championship in weight lifting, held 1985 in Sweden.
Sports Shoes and Playing Surfaces Supporting, guiding, cushioning are decisive criteria for shoes. Similarily, playing surfaces must offer good shock absorption and safety against sliding. Leading makers of sports shoes and playing surfaces rely on Kistler force plates for developing and testing new products.
0
1
2
3
4
5kN
1 2 3st t t
Ground reaction forces during the 1985 world record in weight lifting (211,5 kg)
Ground reaction force and EMG Cushioning of a sports shoe
Technical Data Type 9287B... 9253B... 9281C... Range Fx, Fy –10 ... 10 kN –15 ... 15 kN –10 ... 10 kN Fz –10 ... 20 kN –15 ... 30 kN –10 ... 20 kN Natural frequency fx ≈750 Hz ≈580 ... ≈800 Hz ≈1 000 Hz fy ≈750 Hz ≈550 ... ≈750 Hz ≈1 000 Hz fz ≈520 Hz ≈570 ... ≈850 Hz ≈1 000 HzDimensions mm 600x900x100 400x600x100 400x600x100 Weight kg 25 40 ... 90 16
trives for it, Too
Force Plate 9287B...
Large force plate, particularly suitable for sports. Excellent ratio of large measuring area to high natural frequency. Data sheet: 9287B_000-159
Force Plate 9281C...
Universal force plate for a broad field of application. Wide measuring range, low weight, particularly suitable for very dynamic events.Data sheet: 9281C_000-156
Waterproof Force Plate 9253B...
Particularly rugged force plate for harsh environments. Completely waterproof (degree of protection IP 68, 5 bar), wide measuring range, especially suitable for very dynamic events. Data sheet: 9253B_000-146
BioWare 2812A1
PC software for problem-free measure-ment with one or two force plates. Full remote control of the entire system by means of a user-friendly menu. Wide choice of functions for data processing, display and analysis.Datasheet: 2812A_000-370
BioWare Performance 2812A2The Performance module is tailored mainly to applications in sports. Measu-rands such as work, power, displacement of the body's center of mass (COM), e.g. jumping height, and force gradient are available. Datasheet: 2812A_000-370
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Measuring forces without problems in wet, dirty environments or even under water
Extreme
Requirements
Are Always Welcome
Kistler force plates and sensors are capable of handling the most
difficult tasks. They are equally suitable under water as well as in space,
measuring reliably, with precision, from Millinewtons to Meganewtons.
Always Reliable Results Quartz sensors with their unique charac-teristics make measuring possible where other systems fail, e. g.:• Waterproof force plates for the under-
water training of astronauts at NASA.• Measuring forces with in the magne-
tic field of a MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanner.
• Measuring the 3 force components of denture loading for research (cus-tom design).
• Torque sensors in an ergometer can de tect small changes in muscular strength and structure.
Mission Impossible? We Accept the Cha
General Force Measurement We manufacture a wide range of force sensors, not only for biomechanics but for virtually any conceivable application in research and industry. They are dis-tinguished by wide measuring ranges,high linearity, stability and very small dimensions. Acceleration catalogue: 900-380
You Can Rely on Our Expert AdviceFew measuring problems are solved just with sensors alone. Our strength is our broad interdisciplinary experience of over 35 years specializing in many fields of measurements, worldwide. Our dis-tributors' specialists will provide objec-tive professional advice. This leads to a technically sound yet most economical choice of the most suitable sensors and force plates. The technique of measuring forces in 3 components, a longstanding speciality of Kistler, has also been highly successful in automotive engineering for crash tests and for measuring the wheel loads, or in the metal working industry for moni-toring cutting forces in machine tools, to cite just a few of countless applications.
Force plate in the micro-gravitation tank at NASA
Measuring forces in crash tests
Force measurement on dentures
Ergometer for studiyng muscles in space (project of ETH Zurich for NASA/ESA)
llenge!
Waterproof Force Plate 9253B...
Particularly rugged force plate for harsh environments. Completely waterproof (degree of protection IP 68, 5 bar), wide measuring range, especially suitable for very dynamic events.Data sheet: 9253B_000-146
Charge Amplifier 5011B...
Microprocessor-controlled single-chan-nel charge amplifier for any type of pie-zoelectric sensor. The measuring range extends continuously over 6 decades, lowpass and highpass filters are built-in, interfaces are available as an option. Data sheet: 5011B_000-296
Multicomponent Kit 9366BB...
Kit consisting of 4 waterproof ready-to-mount 3-component force sensors (degree of protection IP 68, 5 bar) for easy and cost-effective construction of special force plates. Connection compa-tible with all our force plates. Data sheet: 9366B_000-169
Force Sensors 9251A, 9331B, 9205
Small size, high loading capacity, high resolution and stability of quartz are the unique characteristics of the piezoelectric force sensors. Various designs for 1, 2 and 3 force components as well as torque are available.Acceleration catalogue: 900-380
Technical Data Type 9251A 9331B 9205 Range Fx, Fy –2,5 ... 2,5 kN Fz –5 ... 5 kN –20 ... 20 kN –50 ... 50 N Dimensions mm 24x24x10 ø29x52 ø12x64Data sheet 9251A_000-145 9301B_000-107 9205_000-129
Charge amplifier 5017B... 5011B... 5011B...Datasheet 5017B_000-320 5011_000-296 5011_000-296 5017B_000-316
Technical Data Type 9253B... 9366BB... Range Fx, Fy –15 ... 15 kN –20 ... 20 kN Fz –15 ... 30 kN –20 ... 40 kN Natural frequency fx ≈580 ... ≈800 Hz design dependent fy ≈550 ... ≈750 Hz design dependent fz ≈570 ... ≈850 Hz design dependent Dimensions mm 400x600x100 design dependent Weight kg 40 ... 90 design dependent
Switzerland (Headquarter)Kistler Instrumente AGEulachstrasse 22, CH-8408 WinterthurTel. +41 52 224 11 11Fax +41 52 224 14 [email protected]
AustriaKistler [email protected]
China, People’s Republic ofKistler China [email protected]
Denmark/Finland/Norway/SwedenKistler Nordic [email protected]
In all Kistler documents, the decimal sign is a comma on the line (ISO 31- 0 :1992)Printed in Switzerland. Subject to change without notice. 63.201e 6.95 (reprint 05.06)
Kistler
Worldwide
The international Kistler sales network ensures competent on-the-spot information and
advice in many countries around the globe. Quality of products and customer service are the number one priority at Kistler. Wherever you happen to be, Kistler engineers have the
know-how to assist you. Call us, we gladly give you the name of
our distributor nearest to you.
FranceKistler [email protected]
GermanyKistler Instrumente [email protected]
IndiaKistler Instruments (Pte) [email protected]
ItalyKistler Italia [email protected]
JapanKistler Japan Co., [email protected]
Korea, Republic ofKistler Korea Co., [email protected]
NetherlandsKistler B.V. [email protected]
SingaporeKistler Instruments (Pte) [email protected]
Switzerland/LiechtensteinKistler Instrumente AG [email protected]
TaiwanKistler Representative Office in [email protected]
ThailandKistler Instruments (Thailand) Co., [email protected]
United KingdomKistler Instruments [email protected]
USA/Canada/MexicoKistler Instrument [email protected]
Other countriesKistler Instrumente [email protected]
