Planck2015 + ACT + WMAP + SPT:

Constraints of tilt and tensor-to-scalar ratioè Plateau models (Ijjas et al, 2013):

The Great Escape: Mukhanov (2015)

2 4 6 8 10

5.×10-12

1.×10-11

1.5×10-11

2.×10-11

2.5×10-11

3.×10-11

V (�) = �[1� e��]2

(�m � �)b

V (�)

��m

The Great Escape: Mukhanov (2015)

N. PanithanpaisalM. PressleyPJS

The Great Escape: Mukhanov (2015)

The Great Escape: Mukhanov (2015)

The Great Escape: Mukhanov (2015)

The Great Escape: Mukhanov (2015)

The Great Escape: Mukhanov (2015)

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

0.5

1

5

10

50

V (�) = �[1� e��]2

(29� �)4

R = 5⇥ 106

R = 1.3⇥ 107

R = 1.2⇥ 107

R = 1.1⇥ 107

R = 1.0⇥ 107

r

ns

Anna Ijjas & PJS

patch size ~ a(t)

a(t)

Wedge DiagramarXiv:1803.01961

2 R(t0 )a(t0) =1

Singularity Problem

horizon size (H-1) ~ a(t)epatch size ~ a(t)

a(t)

Wedge Diagram

2 R(t0 )a(t0) =1

Singularity Problem

Horizon Problem

SuperHorizonHot & Cold Spots

arXiv:1803.01961

horizon size (H-1) ~ a(t)epatch size ~ a(t)

a(t)

Wedge Diagram

2 R(t0 )a(t0) =1

“cosmic curvature”

a(t) horizon size curvature radius a(t)~

e

Singularity Problem

Horizon Problem

SuperHorizonHot & Cold Spots

FlatnessProblem

arXiv:1803.01961

a(t)

Singularity Problem

Horizon Problem

SuperHorizonHot & Cold Spots

FlatnessProblem

horizon size (H-1) ~ a(t)epatch size ~ a(t)

a(t)

Singularity Problem

Horizon Problem

SuperHorizonHot & Cold Spots

FlatnessProblem

! ≡ 3%&%& + (& > 3

e.g., free scalar field with PE <0

“cosmic curvature”

a(t) horizon size curvature radius a(t)~

e

Yellow: MatterPurple: ShearBlue: Spatial Curvature

D. Garfinkle, W-C Lim, F. Pretorius, PJS

Large lapse (small Volume)

Small lapse (large volume)

Powerful smoothing/flattening mechanism

a(t)

Singularity Problem

Horizon Problem

SuperHorizonHot & Cold Spots

FlatnessProblem

See talk by A. Ijjasat 5:30 pm TODAY

Anna Ijjas, arXiv:1710.05990

Anna Ijjas & PJS, Phys. Lett. B 764, 289 (2017)

Anna Ijjas & PJS, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117.12103 (2016)

See talk by A. Ijjasat 5:30 pm TODAY