Kiriba& Report on Istanbul Programme of Ac&on

7-8December2015Brussels,Belgium

Country Background • Kiriba8na8onismadeupof32atollsandoneraisedcoralisland.•  Eleva8onabovesealevel:0-3metershigh•  24islandsareinhabited• Capital:SouthTarawa•  Landsize:Total:811km2(313sqmi)• Popula8on:103,058(2010Census)• Currency:AUD• GDPpercapita2014:1,838(lowestinPacificIslandCountries)• MainExportCommodity:CopraandFish• MainSourceofRevenue:FishLicensing

TheKDP2012-15mainstreamedthegoalsandpriori8esoftheIstanbulProgrammeofAc8onthroughtheiden8fica8onoftheKeyPriorityAreasofthePlanwhichincluded:

• KPA1–HumanResourceDevelopment• KPA2–EconomicGrowth&PovertyReduc8on• KPA3–Health• KPA4-Environment• KPA5–Governance• KPA6–Infrastructure

Linking Istanbul Programme of Ac&on with Kiriba& Development Plan’s Key Priority Areas

1. Produc&ve Capacity

• MainExportCommodi8es;CopraandFish• Coconutaccounted79%andFishonly18%•  Exportsin2012fellby18.6%to$A6.8mduetolowsalesincoconutproducts•  Importsroseby79%toA$104.8mmainlyduetoimporta8onofdonorinfrastructureprojects.• BalanceofTrade2012-$A98m•  TheestablishmentoftheKiriba8FishLimited(JointventurebetweenGoK,ShanghaiDeepSeaandGoldenOceanhascontributedtothediversifica8onoflocalexports

ExportsandImports2002-2013

Cont. •  Telecommunica8onssectorhasimproved.

•  Cellularsubscribersper100peoplehasincreasedbetween2008-2013from1.1to16.6respec8vely.•  Internetusersper100peoplemul8plieddrama8callyfrom4.5in2006to11.5in2013•  Priva8zedtheState-OwnedTSKL.Thesuccessorcompanyisundergoingmajorworkonupgradingcellularandinternetsystems.

• RenewableEnergySectordevelopment•  EDF10,Taiwangrant,UAE,JapanandWorldBank,hasprovidedthepeopleofKiriba8withSolarlightkitsonouterislands,hybridmini-gridsystemsforhighschools.Thesolargridprojectwillprovideabout10%oftotaldemandandsave$800,000infuelcost.

Cont.

• MajorupgradesonBonrikiInterna8onalAirportandCassidyairportisinprogress.Be8oPortwascompleted2014.

•  Twoaddi8onalsmallaircrahswereprocuredtoserviceconnec8ontotheouterislands.Intotal3aircrahsarenowavailable.

•  TheeconomicallycrucialcausewaylinkingtheBe8oportandbusinesscentretotherestofTarawaandtheBonrikiairportisathighriskofcollapseandinurgentneedofmajorreconstruc8on.

2. Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Development •  Agriculturecomprisesof22.9%ofGDPin2014comparedto20.3%in2005

•  ismainlyonasubsistencelevelwhilecommercialprogramsonlyoperateonaverysmallscale

•  TheTaiwanTechnicalMissionwhichhasexpenditureof$800,000annuallyhasbeenassis8ngcommuni8esinKiriba8throughtrainingprogramsandagriculturalresearch.•  AnewprojectthroughIFADwillprovideUS$7.2millionoverfouryearsfortrainingandassistancetohomegardensandfoodproduc8onintheouterislands.•  Theprojectwillalsoincreasethesupplyofcleandrinkingwaterandextendittomoreremotehouseholds.

Cont. •  TheGEFLDCFprojectEnhancingFoodSecurityintheContextofClimateChangeinKiriba8isscheduledtocommencesoonatacostofA$4.4millionover5years.•  willprovideagriculturaltraining,supporttoouter-islandfisheriesdevelopmentini8a8ves,supporttheestablishmentofcommunitybasedgardeningandschoolgardening,andassistwithmarke8ngofagriculturalproducts

• AnewFoodandNutri8onSecurityPolicyhasbeendrahedandisexpectedtobefinalisedearlyin2016.

Cont. • DevelopmentProjectsoninfrastructuredevelopmentsontheOuterislands.•  TheseincludeAustralianprojectonUpgradingofPrimaryschoolfacili8es,EUmedicalclinicsproject,Taiwanfundedprojectsonconstruc8onandmaintenanceofgovernmentbuildingsandseawalls,roadandairportupgrading,solarenergyprojectsandwaterandsanita8on.

Strengtheningofislandcouncilsthroughupgradingthecapacityofstaffe.gIslandclerksrequirementisupgradedtoagraduatedegree.

3. Trade •  Fisheriesisthetradi8onalkeyofincomegenera8on•  Amorerobustandsustainablebasisforfisheriesrevenuehasbeenadopted•  byembarkingonotherac8vi8esandtomakethempartofthepackageinreturnforfishingaccessinKiriba8’swaters.Theseincludecanoes,boatsandenginestosupportar8sanalfishermenandcommunity

•  TheestablishmentoftheKiriba8FishingLimited(KFL)broughtfisherydevelopmenttoshoresofKiriba8forthefirst8mebenefilngthecommunityintermsofemploymentandtraining.•  Progressmadeondiversifythecoconutindustry

•  throughtrialingini8a8vestoproducecoconutoilontheouterislands.•  Howeverthemajorconstraintsremaintheisola8onofKiriba8andthehighcostofairandseatransport.

4. Commodi&es

• BecauseofthelowexportbaseinKiriba8,commoditypricevola8lityisnotanissueinKiriba8.• Kiriba8ishighlyreliantonthetunafishingindustrytoprovideitsmajorsourceofrevenuethroughfishinglicensefees.•  Thepriceoftunaiscurrentlyrela8velylowbutthishashadlimleimpactontherevenuegainedfromfishinglicensefeeswhicharepredominantlyundertheregula8onsassociatedwiththeVesselDaySchemeofthePNA.(Par8estotheNauruAgreement)

5. Private Sector Development

• APrivateSectorDevelopmentStrategyhasbeenfinalised.• Public-PrivatePartnershipthroughamanagementconcessionfortheopera8onoftheO8ntaaiHotel.• AnewTelecommunica8onsActwaspassedinApril2013.

•  ThisActsetthecondi8onsforacompe88vemarketintelecommunica8onsandfocusedontheregulator’scapacitytomanageacompe88vemarket.•  InMay2015,theGovernmentownedtelecommunica8onscompanyTSKLwaspriva8sed.

6. Human and Social Development • Amajorchallenge-rapidincreasingpopula8onandhighunemploymentratesofyouthandschoolleavers(whicharees8matedtobeat2,000peryear).The2010Popula8on• Censusshowedthatunemploymentwas31percentwhileyouthunemploymentwas54percent.• BasicEduca8onsysteminKiriba8consistsofthefirstnineyearsofschooling.•  Primaryschool-grades1-6,JuniorSecondarySchool–grades7-9(FreeEduca8on)•  2015Governmentapprovedsubsidiza8onofsta8oneryforstudents

Cont. • Postschooleduca8on(includingTVET)isprovidedbyKiriba8TrainingCollege,Kiriba8Ins8tuteofTechnology,MarineTrainingCentre(nowamalgamatedwithFisheriesTrainingCentre),Kiriba8NursingCollegeandPoliceTrainingCentre.•  TheKiriba8Educa8onImprovementProgramisundergoingmajorupgradingonschoolcurriculum,teachers’upgradingandupskilling,andrehabilita8onofprimaryschoolfacili8essince2012.•  ImprovementsinschoolpercentageofstudentsfromsurvivalratefromGrade1reachingGrade5andalsotransi8onratesfromGrade5toGrade6(seegraph).•  Itisalsoseenthattherearemoregirlsthanboysinschool.

SurvivalrateGrade1-Grade5 Transi8onrateGrade5toGrade6

Cont. •  TheKiriba8Ins8tuteofTechnology(KIT)hasalsoinvestedheavilyindevelopingastrongandposi8vebrandwithintheKiriba8community.•  ResultedinKITbeingrecognizedasahighqualityTVETins8tu8on,allowingKITgraduatestoreceivepreferredemploymentopportuni8esfromlocalandinterna8onalcompaniesopera8nginKiriba8.

• KIThastheabilitytoofferinterna8onalstandardTVETcoursesthroughpartnershipswithTAFESouthAustralia,TAFEQueenslandEastCoastandFNU.•  However,pooraccess,performance,reliabilityandhighcostoftheinternetconnec8vityimpactsnega8velyonKITteachingandadministra8on.

•  ThemergerofKiriba8SchoolofNursingwithKITprovidedKITagreaterdiversityofcoursesinthehealthandcommunityservicessector.

Cont. (Popula&on and Growth)

•  Popula8onisabigissuewithacountof103,058in2010census.•  Growthratewas2.2%in2010however4.4%inSouthTarawatheCapital

•  Kiriba8hasadoptedthePopula8onImplementa8onStrategytoaddresstheissue

• WithOvercrowdinginSouthTarawaithasplacedsevereburdenonsupplyofbasicnecessi8essuchassanita8onandwaterandhealth•  Kiriba8hasnotbeenabletomeettheMDGsonHealthareassuchasInfantmortalityandCommunicableandNonCommunicablediseases•  Progressinsomeareassuchastheincreaseinnumberofskilledbirthamendants,numberofqualifieddoctorsandestablishmentofaKiriba8InternshipTrainingProgramfornewmedicaldoctors.•  Theprogramhasamractedtheinterestofneighouringcountries.

Cont. (Water and Sanita&on)

•  Inadequatewatersupply,sanita8onandhygieneinSouthTarawahavebeenes8matedtoimposeeconomiccostsofA$3.7to7.3millionperyear,equivalentto2-4percentofthecountry’sGrossDomes8cProductin2014• Healthcostsduetopoorwatersupply,sanita8onandhygienealonearees8matedtobeA$550-1,100perhouseholdinSouthTarawa,excludingenvironmentalandtourismcosts.• WaterandSanita8onprojects.

•  ThemajorprojectistheSouthTarawaSanita8onImprovementSectorProgramatUS$22.5millionwhichwillbecompletedattheendof2016.•  Theprojectaimstoincreaseaccesstosafeandsustainablewaterandsanita8on

Cont. (Gender equality and empowerment of women) •  Kiriba8hasachievedgenderparityinprimaryeduca8on.In2013thegenderparityindexforprimaryeduca8onwas1.03.Thisfollowsasimilartrendsince2006.•  In2005,therewere4,423womencashworkersemployedinnon-agriculturalindustriesor39.6%ofthetotal(11,201).In2010,thefigurehadrisentoatotalof10,709or50.7%ofthetotal(21,113)•  Outofatotalof45MPs,fourwomen(8.9%)holdseatsintheParliament.Ofthesefourwomen,threeareMinistersandonealsoholdstheposi8onofVicePresident.Allthreeheadsofdiploma8cmissionsforKiriba8arecurrentlywomen.Averyhighpropor8onofwomenareemployedatSeniorExecu8velevelinthepublicserviceincludingatSecretarylevel.

7. Mul&ple crisis and other emerging challenges •  TheKiriba8IntegratedEnvironmentPolicy(KIEP)wasadoptedbytheGoKinJune2013andlaunchedinAugust2013.• WillfacilitateregularStateofEnvironmentReportsandmeetna8onalrepor8ngobliga8onstoMul8lateralEnvironmentAgreements(MEAs).

•  TheKiriba8JointImplementa8onPlanonClimateChangeandDisasterRiskManagement(KJIP)wasreleasedinAugust2014.•  ThegoaloftheKJIPistoreducethevulnerabili8estotheimpactsofclimatechangeanddisasterrisks.

•  ThePhoenixIslandsProtectedArea(PIPA)wasclosedtoallcommercialfishingon1January2015,withasmallexemp8onforsubsistencefishingaroundKantonIsland.•  Majorcontribu8ontotheconserva8onandrejuvena8onoffishstocksandtofoodsecurity.

8. Mobilizing financial resources for development and capacity building •  Introduc8onofVATinApril2014,abolishedcustomsdu8esandintroducedanexcisetax.•  Thiswillhavetheeffectofbroadeningthegovernmentrevenuebase.

• Developmentcoopera8onismobilisedinlinewiththena8onalpolicyandpriori8essetoutintheKiriba8DevelopmentPlan.•  Totalexternaldebttoendof2014amountedtoAUD27.7million.Allloansareexpectedtobeclearedin2043.•  In2013,theGovernmentapprovedaDebtPolicy

•  toavoiduseofnon-concessionaldebtandallborrowingandissuanceofguaranteesshouldprovideeconomicorsocialbenefitstoKiriba8.

Cont. •  ThereisaneedinKiriba8tostreamlineproceduresandprocessestopromoteForeignDirectInvestment.•  ThecurrentPrivateSectorDevelopmentStrategyintendstoundertakeanoverallreviewofexis8ngforeigninvestmentprocedurestomakethemmoreconducivetoforeigninvestment.

• Remimanceisverylow.NewdevelopmentsineffortstoincreaseKiriba8’spar8cipa8oninunskilledemploymentandlabourmigra8onopportuni8esincludingtheNorthernDevelopmentWhitePaperforAustralia• Aswell,condi8onshavebeenappliedtotheissuanceoffishinglicensestoincreaseemploymentopportuni8es.

9. Governance at all levels •  UNConven8onAgainstCorrup8onandtheUNConven8onontheRightsofPersonswithDisabili8es.•  EstablishmentofaMinistryforWomen,YouthandSocialAffairs(MWYSA)in2013•  TeRaunMwengaBill(theFamilyPeaceBill)-enactedin2014

•  aimstoensurethesafetyandprotec8onofallpeople• MoralEduca8on-relatedtoelimina8ngdomes8cviolencehasbeenincludedintheschoolcurriculumforYear3to6.•  TheSharedImplementa8onPlan(SHIP)toEliminateGenderBasedViolenceinKiriba8hasbeenfinalized.•  AChildren,YoungPeopleandFamilyWelfareSystemPolicywasapprovedinApril2012andtheChildren,YoungPeopleandFamilyWelfare(CYPFW)ActwasenactedinMay2013

Cont. •  Kiriba8Na8onalHumanRightsTaskforceestablishedinJuly2014withamandatetooverseeallra8fiedHumanRightsConven8ons.•  AWhole-of-GovernmentCommunica8onStrategywasadoptedinNovember2012.•  TheGovernmentisworkingtowardshavingaFreedomofInforma8onpolicyproduced•  TheGovernmentisalsoworkingtowardsproducingacentralwebportalwithlinkstoothergovernmentdepartments•  DevelopmentofClimateChangeandClimateRiskCommunica8onsStrategy2013-16toincreaseawarenessandunderstandingofclimatechangeandtherisksinvolved.

Coherence and linkages with the Post-2015 Development Agenda and other global processes •  Thees8matesofsealevelrisesbytheIPCCofonemetrebytheturnofthecenturymakeKiriba8oneofthemostvulnerablena8onsintheworldtotheconsequencesofclimatechange.•  Kiriba8isoneofthemostforthrightna8onsinpromo8ngthepoten8aldamagefromclimatechangeatCOP21inParis•  Kiriba8isalsoinvolvedinregionalorganisa8onssuchasthePacificIslandsForum,thePacificIslandsDevelopmentForumandtheCoali8onofAtollNa8onsonClimateChange(CANCC).• WiththenewKDP2016-19,Kiriba8willestablishthelinksbetweentheKDPandtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)•  sothatthereisaclearconnec8onbetweentheKDPandthetargetsoftheSDGs.

Conclusion and Ways forward

• Kiriba8hasoneofthelowestlevelsofGDPinthePacific.Itspopula8onof103,000peopleisdiffusedover24coralatollsoverahugeEEZinthePacific.• Kiriba8ishighlyreliantonFishingIndustryasameansofrevenuegenera8on.• Privatesectorishighlyunderdeveloped

Cont. •  TherearefiveavenuesthatKiriba8needstoprogressashighpriori8es,i)curbingpopula8ongrowth,ii)managingclimatechangeandnaturaldisasters,iii)educa8onofitspeople,iv)increasingthereturnsfromthefishingindustry,andv)con8nuanceoftheeconomicreformprogram.•  CurbingPopula8onGrowth

•  Throughfamilyplanningandimprovingouterislandservicesandincomegenera8ontocurbthemigra8onofpeopletowardsthecapitalTarawa

•  Thegovernmenthasseveralwaystomi8gateagainstclimatechangeandnaturaldisasters•  Hardsolu8on–construc8onofseawallshoweverhassideeffectstoenvironment•  SohSolu8on–plantmangroveshoweverdoesnothaveanimmediateimpactandcannotgrowontheoceanside.

Cont. •  Thirdwayismigra8on–superioreduca8onforchildren,acquiringproperacademicskillsandknowledgetomeetothercountrieslabourdemandsandincreasedoverseasscholarships•  Maximizereturnsfromfisheries

•  Topromoterevenueperformancefromfishinglicensesalesthroughregionalagreement•  ValueaddingfishingindustryinKiriba8

•  Thefihhareaistomaintaintheeconomicreformprogram.•  Debtmanagement,SOEreform,improvingtheopera8onsofthesovereignwealthfund,adop8ngnewpoliciesforthefishingindustry,andliberalisingtelecommunica8ons.Thesepolicieswillbecon8nuedinthefuture.

ThankyouKamba8nrabwa