Kingsley Dunham Centre Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG Tel 0115 936 3100 © NERC All rights reserved CO 2 storage potential in India S. Holloway, A. Garg,

Kingsley Dunham CentreKeyworthNottingham NG12 5GGTel 0115 936 3100

© NERC All rights reserved

CO2 storage potential in India

S. Holloway, A. Garg, M. Kapshe, A. Deshpande, T. N. Singh and K.L. Kirk


CO2 storage potential in India: organisations involved

• IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme

• DEFRA

• Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal

• Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad

• British Geological Survey


Aims

• Analyze CO2 capture and storage potential of India

• Produce GIS of CO2 sources and potential storage sites in India• Build on first estimate of CO2 storage capacity of India (Singh et al.

2006)

• Prepare ground for cost estimates


Principles

• IEAGHG R&D Programme global CO2 sources database to be updated (available at www.co2captureandstorage.com )

• For storage, focus on mature technologies

• Storage capacity methodologies compatible with those proposed by the CSLF• State methodology used and what is included/excluded from

your estimate


Viable capacity:

Applies economic criteria to realistic capacity

Realistic capacity:

Applies geological and engineering cutoffs to actual basin data to produce pragmatic quantified storage capacity estimate

Theoretical capacitySpeculative potential

Poorly known potential

Poorly quantified potential

CSLF resource pyramid approach


India’s annual CO2 emissions

• India’s total annual emissions 1343 Mt CO2 in 2004 (United Nations Statistics Division 2007)

Source: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/trends/emissions/ind.dat

India CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Year

CO

2 em

issi

on

s M

t

.

CO2 emissions


CO2 emissions from large point sources

• Total from all LPSs 2005-6: 721 Mt CO2

• Existing power plant 467 Mt CO2

• Power plant under construction 227 Mt CO2

• Planned power plant 426 Mt CO2

• of which UMPPs 257 Mt CO2


Operational CO2 sourcesOperational plus under

construction plus planned CO2 sources


Areas not suitable for CO2 storage using presently mature technologies

Pink: crystalline basement rocks plus overlying Proterozoic basins

Blue: Basalt


Coal

• 4th largest coal resource in the world

• Key question is what will eventually be mined

• Our estimate is 345 Mt CO2 – based on an indicative calculation of what might be adsorbed onto coal

• None of the individual coalfields have the capacity to store 100 Mt CO2

Major coalfields of India


CO2 storage on coal - conclusion

• CO2 storage by adsorption onto coal is not going to make a significant impact on national CO2 emissions

• But sorption onto coal could give additional capacity in any of the deeper Gondwana basins that have potential for storage in their pore space (e.g. Mondal 2007, Mukhopadhyay, this workshop)


Oil and gas fields• Total storage capacity is

estimated to be between 3.8 and 4.6 x 109 tonnes CO2.

• Many fields fairly small (e.g. Dhar & Bhattacharya 1993)

• Largest field is Bombay High (offshore Mumbai)

• Tentative estimate of storage capacity 615-668 Mt

• There are opportunities for EOR (Kumar et al. 2007, Chakraborty & Dasgupta this workshop)

Barmer Basin

Cambay Basin

Mumbai Offshore Basin

Bombay High field


Saline aquifers

• Insufficient public domain data to estimate accurately the storage capacity of saline aquifers

• Classified basins as of good, fair and limited potential• Good = proven containment (oil or gas fields) plus expectation

of good reservoir and seal quality at depths >800 m over a large part of the basin

• Fair = one or more potential regional seals that overlie reservoirs at depths >800 m, and also contain potential structural closures

• Limited = either porous and permeable reservoir absent or not sealed, or the basins lack structural closures, or they are in structurally complex fold belts, or they face major potential conflicts of use.



Saline aquifers

• Our classification is controversial in places, e.g. Ganga Basin, some Gondwana basins• It is based on insufficient evidence – a detailed analysis of

the most strategically important basins based on seismic and well data ( and numerical simulation of CO2 injection) is needed



Conclusions

• India’s oil and gas fields plus coalfields are estimated to have <5 Gt (109 tonnes) CO2 storage capacity

• This could store national emissions from LPSs for only 5 years*

• It is critical that the saline aquifer CO2 storage potential of India’s onshore and offshore sedimentary basins is investigated in more detail

* (currently LPSs emit 721 Mt CO2 annually and would generate c. 1 Gt CO2

annually if equipped for CO2 capture)

Documents

Kingsley Dunham Centre Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG Tel 0115 936 3100 © NERC All rights reserved CO 2 storage potential in India S. Holloway, A. Garg,