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Kingdom Kingdom ProtoctistaProtoctista
Kingdom ProtoctistaKingdom Protoctista
• Includes Protozoa and Algae• Some are microscopic, but some can be observed by
the unaided eye• Some are unicellular organisms, but some are
multicellular (i.e. made up of many cells) with a simple body structure
• They DO have a nucleus and organelles• They are very abundant, free living in water or damp
environment, or as parasites in other organisms
ProtozoaProtozoa(Singular: Protozoan)(Singular: Protozoan)
ProtozoaProtozoa
• “Animal-like” protoctist
• Found in wide range of habitats such as fresh water, sea water, soil and inside bodies of plants and animals, where moisture is available
• Usually unicellular
• Larger in size than bacteria
• Do not have cell wall
ProtozoaProtozoa
• Lack chlorophyll – why is this significant?
Cannot carry out photosynthesis!
• Feed on smaller organisms and small food particles
• Motile – some of them possess flagella (singular: flagellum) or cilia (singular: cilium)
Flagella
Cilia
ProtozoaProtozoa
Examples of Protozoa:• Amoeba
• Paramecium
AmoebaAmoeba
AmoebaAmoeba
Acanthamoeba are free-living amoeba commonly found in tap water. It can cause damages to the cornea. Always use sterile solution to clean contact lenses!
ParameciumParamecium
AlgaeAlgae(Singular: Alga)(Singular: Alga)
AlgaeAlgae
• “Plant-like” protoctist
• Found in sea water and fresh water
• Can be either unicellular or simple multicellular
• Each cell is surrounded by a cell wall
• Possess chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments for making their own food by photosynthesis
Some different types of algae
AlgaeAlgae
Examples of Algae:• Spirogyra
• Seaweeds
SpirogyraSpirogyra
SeaweedsSeaweeds
EuglenaEuglena
Euglena is a protoctist that shows a mixture of features of protozoa and algae. It contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis, but it also feeds on smaller organisms. It has a flagellum and is able to move about in water.
ChallengeChallenge
What is the main difference between
prokaryotes and protoctists?
The presence of a distinct nucleus in protoctists!!!