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Protista.notebook March 07, 2012 Sep 271:03 PM KINGDOM PROTISTA Most protists are freeliving Some can cause disease (ex. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax) Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs Most are single celled, some multicellular. All are eukaryotes Grouped together because they don't fit well anywhere else Not as diverse as Bacteria or Archaea, but more than others. Sep 271:12 PM Classifying Protists Protists are grouped into 3 main categories 1. PROTOZOA animallike, heterotrophs that ingest or absorb their food. 2. ALGAE plantlike, autotrophs that photosynthesize 3. SLIME MOULDS funguslike heterotrophs

KINGDOM PROTISTA - Science with Mrs. Moreau · 2018-09-07 · Protista.notebook March 07, 2012 Sep 271:03 PM KINGDOM PROTISTA Most protists are freeliving Some can cause disease (ex

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Page 1: KINGDOM PROTISTA - Science with Mrs. Moreau · 2018-09-07 · Protista.notebook March 07, 2012 Sep 271:03 PM KINGDOM PROTISTA Most protists are freeliving Some can cause disease (ex

Protista.notebook March 07, 2012

Sep 27­1:03 PM

KINGDOM PROTISTA­ Most protists are free­living

­ Some can cause disease (ex. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax)

­ Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs

­ Most are single celled, some multicellular. 

­ All are eukaryotes

­ Grouped together because they don't fit well anywhere elseNot as diverse as Bacteria or Archaea, but more than others.

Sep 27­1:12 PM

Classifying Protists

Protists are grouped into 3 main categories

1. PROTOZOA ­ animal­like, heterotrophs that ingest or absorb their food.

2. ALGAE ­ plant­like, autotrophs that photosynthesize

3. SLIME MOULDS ­ fungus­like heterotrophs

Page 2: KINGDOM PROTISTA - Science with Mrs. Moreau · 2018-09-07 · Protista.notebook March 07, 2012 Sep 271:03 PM KINGDOM PROTISTA Most protists are freeliving Some can cause disease (ex

Protista.notebook March 07, 2012

Sep 28­8:01 AM

1. Protozoa

­ 30000 species­ Live in aquatic environments, moist soil or the fluids of 

other organisms!­ 10000 species cause disease. (African Sleeping 

Sickness, )­ 4 main groups:

a. Flagellates (One or more flagella)b. Sacrodines (Produce limb­like structure called 

pseudopodia)c. Ciliates (covered in cilia)d. Sporozoans (form spores at some point in life 

cycle)

Sep 28­1:48 PM

We will look at 2 representative Protozoa.

The phylum Sarcodina is also known as AMOEBAE. (singular amoeba)

One organism within this phylum is Amoeba proteus

SARCODINES

Page 3: KINGDOM PROTISTA - Science with Mrs. Moreau · 2018-09-07 · Protista.notebook March 07, 2012 Sep 271:03 PM KINGDOM PROTISTA Most protists are freeliving Some can cause disease (ex

Protista.notebook March 07, 2012

Sep 28­2:05 PM

Amoebas are unicellular organisms that move by flowing their cell contents into projections called PSEUDOPODIA (false­feet)

Some also have flagella

Contractile vacuole

Phagocytic vacuole

Nucleus

Endoplasm

Ectoplasm

Sep 28­2:05 PM

Amoebas feed by PHAGOCYTOSIS, which is is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane.

Page 4: KINGDOM PROTISTA - Science with Mrs. Moreau · 2018-09-07 · Protista.notebook March 07, 2012 Sep 271:03 PM KINGDOM PROTISTA Most protists are freeliving Some can cause disease (ex

Protista.notebook March 07, 2012

Sep 28­2:05 PM

Reproduction is ASEXUAL

Sep 28­2:05 PM

CILIATES

The most famous example from the CILIATES is Paramecium caudatum

Ciliates move by rhythmic beating of cilia.

Page 5: KINGDOM PROTISTA - Science with Mrs. Moreau · 2018-09-07 · Protista.notebook March 07, 2012 Sep 271:03 PM KINGDOM PROTISTA Most protists are freeliving Some can cause disease (ex

Protista.notebook March 07, 2012

Sep 28­2:19 PM

Ciliates feed by sweeping a stream of particle laden water into their "mouth" and "gullet".  

Food vacuoles (phagocytic vacuole) at the base of the gullet fill and move into the cytoplasm.

Indigestible particles are discharged by EXOCYTOSIS.

Sep 28­2:38 PM

Ciliates anatomy:

­ Macronucleus ­ runs all metabolic processes.­ Mirconuclei ­ responsible for sexual reproduction.­ Contractile vacuole ­ used to maintain fluid balance

Page 6: KINGDOM PROTISTA - Science with Mrs. Moreau · 2018-09-07 · Protista.notebook March 07, 2012 Sep 271:03 PM KINGDOM PROTISTA Most protists are freeliving Some can cause disease (ex

Protista.notebook March 07, 2012

Sep 29­12:36 PM

Oral groove

Contractile vacuole

Cell mouth GulletPhagocytic vacuole

Macronucleus

Micronucleus

Cilia

Sep 29­12:54 PM

Reproduction is both asexual and sexual

Asexual is by fission.Sexual is by conjugation 

Both are similar to bacteria, but in conjugation, a CYTOPLASMIC BRIDGE forms and micronuclei are copied  and fused.

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Protista.notebook March 07, 2012

Sep 29­12:58 PM

Unlike bacteria, that have a cell wall to protect them from bursting, protozoa do not.Therefore a mechanism to move water into and out of the cell is required.Here is the problem:

Sep 29­1:10 PM

Contractile vacuoles are used to pump water out of the cell as the Paramecium lives in a hypotonic solution.