Kingdom Protista

Quiz: Tues. 12/6 over microscopes and protists

Test: Tues. 12/13 over microscopes, protists, transport, respiration, photosynthesis

Classification of ProtistsKingdom with the most

diverse membersUnicellular and multicellularHeterotrophs, autotrophs, or

bothVarious types of cell walls

Are all Eukaryotes!! (nucleus!)

So…how do we classify them??

Animal Like—Heterotrophs

Plant Like—Autotrophs

Fungus Like—Decomposer, Parasites

Classify by how they obtain nutrition

This classification system does not explain evolutionary relationships and will probably

change in the future.

Amoeba

Also classified by how they move

Some use pseudopods (false feet)Some use flagella (like a whip)Some use cilia (tiny hair like

structures)Some don’t move at all

This classification system does not explain evolutionary relationships and will probably

change in the future.

Animal-Like ProtistsAmoeba and Entamoeba

Pseudopods are temporary projections of cytoplasm (false feet)

Amoeba Movement Video

Animal-Like ProtistsFlagellates:

Have flagella-whip like structure that aid in movement

EX: Triconympha—lives in the gut of termites and helps digest wood

Trypanosomas—African sleeping sickness caused by bite of a Tsetse fly

Animal-Like ProtistsCiliates: Move with

ciliaHair-like projections

used for moving and catching food

EX: ParameciumContractile Vacuole—

used to pump out excess water from the

cell

Gullet for food intake

Animal-Like Protists Phylum Sporozoans—parasitic protists Nonmotile—do not move EX: Plasmodium—causes Malaria,

carried by Anopheles mosquito

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GPn9rqg_HA

Ecology of Animal-Like ProtistsWhy are they important??Live symbiotically with

other organism (termites gut)

Live in lakes/oceans, bottom of marine food chain (zooplankton)

Recycle nutrients/make organic matter

Plant-Like Protists—AlgaeUnicellular and multicellularAutotrophsProduce most of the worlds

oxygenUse chlorophyll and accessory

pigments to collect light

Unicellular Algae—Diatoms Glass-like cell walls made of

silicaForms diatomaceous soil

when they die and sink to the ocean floor.

Uses: Filter pondsAbrasive in cleanersBrightener in paintsKills pests (slices exoskeleton)

Diatoms

Unicellular Algae—Euglena

Has 2 flagellaContractile vacuole—

pumps out excess water to maintain homeostasis

Pellicle—Cell wallEye spots—detect

lightBoth heterotrophic

and autotrophic (plant and animal like)

Euglena

Multicellular AlgaeVolvox: colonial algae

Red Algae-used to make agar

Pond scum

Brown Algae: Sea Kelp

Diseases…Giardia - causes humans

to become sick when drink water with cyst

Gonyaulax - produces toxins that paralyze and kill (red tide)

Potato blight - threatened crops in Ireland, potato famine 1846

Toxoplasmosis- found in cat feces, can be fatal to developing fetus

Videos Pond water video—good amoeba and

euglena http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB6vgZi99gw

Amoeba eating—good to look at after talking about active transport http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojrkxmD6tT8&feature=related

Cellular Processes of ProtistsActive Transport

Moves substances against concentration gradient

Move from HIGH to LOW conc.

Bulk TransportEndocytosis – in to

cell (a) Phagocytosis

movement of large solid molecules into the cell

Pinocytosis is the ingestion of extracellular fluid

Exocytosis moves large molecules out of cell (b) Ex: proteins, waste

Click Picture for Video

Passive or Active?Passive(no ATP)Simple diffusionOsmosisFacilitated

diffusionHigh Low

Active(requires ATP)

EndocytosisPhagocytosisPinocytosis

ExocytosisLow High