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Kingdom Protista. Protist Diversity. If you look at a drop of pond water under a microscope, all the "little creatures" you see swimming around are protists . 200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colors - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista
Protist DiversityProtist Diversity If you look at a drop of pond water under a If you look at a drop of pond water under a
microscope, all the "little creatures" you see microscope, all the "little creatures" you see swimming around areswimming around are protistsprotists..
200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, 200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colorsand colors
They are a They are a Junk DrawerJunk Drawer of organisms because of organisms because they are so different from each other and they do they are so different from each other and they do not fit into any other biological kingdomnot fit into any other biological kingdom
Even though they are different: Even though they are different: How are they all similar?How are they all similar?
All protists have a nucleus and are thereforeAll protists have a nucleus and are therefore eukaryoticeukaryotic. .
All protists live in moist environmentsAll protists live in moist environments Protists are either plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like.Protists are either plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like.
Plant-like protists are Plant-like protists are autotrophsautotrophs – – they contain chloroplasts and make they contain chloroplasts and make their own food.their own food.
Animal-like and fungus-like protists Animal-like and fungus-like protists and areand are heterotrophsheterotrophs..
How do they Eat???
Protist ReproductionProtist Reproduction
Protists can reproduce asexually creating genetically identical Protists can reproduce asexually creating genetically identical offspringoffspring
Protists can also reproduce sexually creating genetically Protists can also reproduce sexually creating genetically different offspringdifferent offspring
ProtistsProtists
Animal-likeAnimal-like
(Protozoans)(Protozoans)
Plant-likePlant-like
(Algae)(Algae)Fungus-likeFungus-like
ProtozoansProtozoans
Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists
ProtozoansProtozoans UnicellularUnicellular – made up of one – made up of one
cellcell HeterotrophsHeterotrophs – they eat other – they eat other
organisms or dead organic organisms or dead organic mattermatter
Classified by how they moveClassified by how they move The wordThe word protozoaprotozoa means "little animal." means "little animal."
They are so named because many species They are so named because many species behave like tiny animals—specifically, they behave like tiny animals—specifically, they hunt and gather other microbes as food.hunt and gather other microbes as food.
PhylaPhyla of Protozoans of Protozoans
AmoebasAmoebas
FlagellatesFlagellates
CiliatesCiliates
SporazoansSporazoans
AmoebasAmoebas: the blobs: the blobs No cell wallNo cell wall Move using Move using pseudopodspseudopods – –
plasma extensionsplasma extensions Engulf bits of food by Engulf bits of food by
flowing around and over flowing around and over themthem
Amoebas in ActionAmoebas in Action
They move when they engulf food and when there are changes in their environment like bright light or dry conditions.
FlagellatesFlagellates: the : the motorboatsmotorboats
Use a whip-like extension Use a whip-like extension called a called a flagellaflagella to move to move
Some cause diseasesSome cause diseases
Trichomonas foetusTrichomonas foetus : cow : cow diseasedisease
GiardiaGiardia
CiliatesCiliates: the hairy ones: the hairy ones Move beating tiny hairs Move beating tiny hairs
called called ciliacilia
SporazoansSporazoans: the : the parasiteparasite
Non-motileNon-motile - Do not move - Do not move ParasitesParasites: Live inside a : Live inside a
hosthost One type causes One type causes malariamalaria
Malaria in red blood cellsMalaria in red blood cells
VacuolesVacuoles
All protozoa digest their food in All protozoa digest their food in stomach-like compartments called stomach-like compartments called vacuoles <vacuoles <vac-you-ohlsvac-you-ohls>>.. As they As they chow down, they make and give off chow down, they make and give off nitrogen, which is an element that nitrogen, which is an element that plants and other higher creatures plants and other higher creatures can use. can use.
Contractile vacuoles excrete excess Contractile vacuoles excrete excess water from the protazoa.water from the protazoa.
AlgaeAlgae
Plantlike ProtistsPlantlike Protists
What are Algae?What are Algae? MulticellularMulticellular – made of more – made of more
than one cellthan one cell PhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic – make their – make their
own foodown food No roots, stems, or leavesNo roots, stems, or leaves Each has Each has chlorophyllchlorophyll and other and other
photosynthetic pigmentsphotosynthetic pigments
PhylaPhyla of Algae of Algae
EuglenoidsEuglenoidsDiatomsDiatoms
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellatesRed, Brown, & Green AlgaeRed, Brown, & Green Algae
Plant-like protists arePlant-like protists are algaealgae..
AlgaeAlgae are eukaryotic autotrophs. are eukaryotic autotrophs.
They, along with other eukaryotic They, along with other eukaryotic autotrophs, form the foundation of autotrophs, form the foundation of Earth’s food chains.Earth’s food chains.
They produce much of Earth’s They produce much of Earth’s oxygen.oxygen.
EuglenoidsEuglenoids: The : The SurvivorsSurvivors
AquaticAquatic Move around like animalsMove around like animals Can ingest food from Can ingest food from
surroundings when light is surroundings when light is not availablenot available
DiatomsDiatoms: The Golden : The Golden OnesOnes
Have shells made of silica Have shells made of silica (glass)(glass)
Photosynthetic pigment Photosynthetic pigment called called carotenoidscarotenoids – give – give them a golden colorthem a golden color
DIATOMS
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates: The : The Spinning OnesSpinning Ones
Spin around using two flagellaSpin around using two flagella Responsible for Red TidesResponsible for Red Tides Create toxins that can kill Create toxins that can kill
animals and sometimes animals and sometimes peoplepeople
There are three There are three unicellularunicellular phyla of phyla of algae:algae:
Phylum Phylum EuglenophytaEuglenophyta
Phylum Phylum BacillariophytaBacillariophyta
Phylum Phylum DinoflagellataDinoflagellata
Members of first phylum of algae, Members of first phylum of algae, EuglenophytaEuglenophyta,, are both are both plant-likeplant-like and and animal-likeanimal-like..
Euglena are Euglena are autotrophsautotrophs since they since they make food from sunlight andmake food from sunlight and
HeterotrophsHeterotrophs since they ingest food since they ingest food from surrounding water.from surrounding water.
The second unicellular algae, The second unicellular algae, BacillariophytaBacillariophyta, are photosynthetic , are photosynthetic autotrophs.autotrophs.
They have shells of silica.They have shells of silica.
They make up a large portion of the They make up a large portion of the world’s phytoplankton which is world’s phytoplankton which is Earth’s largest provider of oxygen.Earth’s largest provider of oxygen.
MulticellularMulticellular algae are classified by algae are classified by color.color.
Red AlgaeRed Algae: : The…uh…Red Ones The…uh…Red Ones
(duh)(duh) SeaweedsSeaweeds Multicellular, marine Multicellular, marine
organismsorganisms Have red and blue pigmentsHave red and blue pigments
Brown AlgaeBrown Algae: : The Brown Ones The Brown Ones
(You think?)(You think?)
They have They have air bladdersair bladders to to help them float at the surface help them float at the surface – where the light is.– where the light is.
Green AlgaeGreen Algae: : Yeah, You Guessed it, Yeah, You Guessed it,
The Green OnesThe Green Ones
Most live in Most live in fresh waterfresh water Can be unicellular or Can be unicellular or
multicellularmulticellular Live alone or in groups called Live alone or in groups called
coloniescolonies
Phylum PhaeophytaPhylum Phaeophyta is made up of the is made up of the brown algaebrown algae..
They are found in cool saltwater along rocky coasts.They are found in cool saltwater along rocky coasts.
Giant Kelp are the largest and most complex brown Giant Kelp are the largest and most complex brown algae. They have hold fasts and air bladders.algae. They have hold fasts and air bladders.
The last of the multicellular algae are the The last of the multicellular algae are the green algae from thegreen algae from the Phylum chlorophytaPhylum chlorophyta..
Most green algae are found in fresh water Most green algae are found in fresh water habitats.habitats.
A Volvox is a hollow boll composed of hundreds of flagellated cells in a single layer.
Chlamydomonas are actually unicellular and flagellated.
Fungus-like protists, Fungus-like protists, MyxomycotaMyxomycota and and OomycotaOomycota are decomposers. are decomposers.
Phylum Phylum MyxomycotaMyxomycota are made up of are made up of plasmodial slime molds.plasmodial slime molds.
Phylum Phylum OomycotaOomycota is made up of is made up of water molds and downy molds.water molds and downy molds.
Slime MoldsSlime MoldsSlime molds have traits like both fungi and Slime molds have traits like both fungi and animals. During good times, they live as animals. During good times, they live as independent, amoeba-like cells, dining on independent, amoeba-like cells, dining on fungi and bacteria. But if conditions become fungi and bacteria. But if conditions become uncomfortable—not enough food available, uncomfortable—not enough food available, the temperature isn't right, etc.—individual the temperature isn't right, etc.—individual cells begin gathering together to form a cells begin gathering together to form a single structure. The new communal single structure. The new communal structure produces a slimy covering and is structure produces a slimy covering and is called a slug because it so closely called a slug because it so closely resembles the animal you sometimes see resembles the animal you sometimes see gliding across sidewalks. The slug oozes gliding across sidewalks. The slug oozes toward light. When the communal cells toward light. When the communal cells sense that they've come across more food sense that they've come across more food or better conditions, the slug stopsor better conditions, the slug stops
Water molds from the Phylum Water molds from the Phylum Oomycota are classified as protists Oomycota are classified as protists because they have flagellated because they have flagellated reproductive cells.reproductive cells.
Downy mildews parasitize plants and Downy mildews parasitize plants and are decomposers in freshwater are decomposers in freshwater ecosystems.ecosystems.
