NO.3/SacLife Science 13

NO.3/SacLife Science 13

NO.3/SacLife Science 13Vocabulary

1.dikaryon- a cell with two haploid nuclei.2.haploid nuclei- a nucleus with only half the

normal actual number of chromosomes3.nuclear fussion- the process in which two or

more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus

4.Ascus- a sac-like structure produced by fungi5.digestive enzymes- enzymes that break down  polymeric macromolecules into their smaller

building blocks. 6.conidia- asexual unchangeable fungus spores

NO.3/SacLife Science 13

Fungi

Members of “Ascomycota”

Reproduce Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Produce spores in their ascus(seed bag)

Commonly cylinder-shaped large cell

Inside , there’re 8 ascospores

Both multicellular & unicellular

Have dissepiment- dividing membrane

NO.3/SacLife Science 13

•Body part : Fruiting bodies

NO.3/SacLife Science 13Reproduction

SexualStep 1- compatible hyphae fuse together Step 2- nuclei from the different hyphae move together into one cell to form a *dikaryon.Step 3- cell divisions occur, several cells with two different haploid nuclei per cell form.Step 4- *nuclear fusion of the two haploid nuclei occurs in the ascus mother cell.

Step 5- the ascus mother cell develops into an *ascusStep 6-meiosis occurs in the diploid cells and, four or eight haploid ascospores form in the ascus

NO.3/SacLife Science 13Reproduction

Asexual

Asexual reproduction among the different groups of fungi are very similar.

• Ascomycota reproduce asexually through

budding or the formation of *conidia.

conidia- asexual unchangeable fungus spores

NO.3/SacLife Science 13How they eat/ get food

• Require organic molecules as energy sources. They get these by feeding on dead things.

 • To obtain these nutrients , sac fungi deposit

 powerful *digestive enzymes. 

 • They are heterotrophs

NO.3/SacLife Science 13Something cool

Ergot (a type of sac fungi) has been known and used for many centuries, and it was even described in an Assyrian tablet as the "noxious pustule in the ear of grain." In ancient times ergot was also known as "mad grain" and "drunken rye." Then later in European history, there were periodic plagues, which had many symptoms, depending on the dosage of ergot. The possible effects were (mild to severe): (1) burning and convulsions, (2) hallucinations with imaginary sounds, (3) gangrene and loss of limbs, (4) permanent insanity, and, occasionally, (5) death. The initial burning sensation led to the Latin name ignis sacer, which means holy fire. This human malady was so horrible that in 1093 a religious order was founded in southern France to help those afflicted; St. Anthony was the patron saint, so the malady, now called ergotism, was then named St. Anthony's fire.

NO.3/SacLife Science 13Thank you for watching