Kingdom Animalia I

Lecture 4

Chapter 33

Warm up

Morphological Data

MOLECULAR Data

MOLECULAR Data

Protostomia

-Lophotrochozoa

-Ecdysozoa

Porifera (Sponges)

Azure vase sponge

(Callyspongia plicifera)

Ctenophora (comb jellies)

Cnidaria (Hydras, Jellies)

• Polyp vs. Medusa

Acoela

Echinodermata (Starfish etc.)

Chordata (next lecture!)

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Rotifera (v. small)

Ectoprocta (U-shaped alimentary)

Brachiopoda (Lampshells)

Mollusca (Gastropods-Cephalopods)

Mollusca (Gastropods-Cephalopods)

Annelida (segmented worms)

Nematoda (Roundworms)

Arthropoda (‘jointed foot’)

Porifera (Sponges)

• No symmetry

• No true tissues

• Sequential hermaphroditism

• Filter feeders

• Pores

• Spongocoel

• Osculum

• Choanocytes

Porifera (Sponges)

• No symmetry

• No true tissues

• Sequential hermaphroditism

• Filter feeders

• Pores

• Spongocoel

• Osculum

• Choanocytes

Porifera (Sponges)

• No symmetry

• No true tissues

• Sequential hermaphroditism

• Filter feeders

• Pores

• Spongocoel

• Osculum

• Choanocytes

Porifera (Sponges)

• Phagocytosis

• No symmetry

• No true tissues

• Sequential hermaphroditism

• Filter feeders

• Pores

• Spongocoel

• Osculum

• Choanocytes

Cnidaria

• Diploblastic

• One hole

• Radial Symmetry

• Alternate sexual/asexual

• Polyp/Medusa forms

• Tentacles

• Cnidocytes

• Nematocysts

Cnidaria

• Diploblastic

• One hole

• Radial Symmetry

• Alternate sexual/asexual

• Polyp/Medusa forms

• Tentacles

• Cnidocytes

• Nematocysts

Cnidaria

• Diploblastic

• One hole

• Radial Symmetry

• Alternate sexual/asexual

• Polyp/Medusa forms

• Tentacles

• Cnidocytes

• Nematocysts

Cnidaria

4 CLADES

• Hydrozoans

• Scyphozoans

• Cubozoans

• Anthozoans (Coral reefs)

Bilateria

Lophotrochozoa

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

• Free living/parasitic

• Triploblastic

• Achoelomates

• Mouth (no anus)

• Protonephridia

• Catenulida (budding)

• Rhabditophora

• Trematodes

• Tapeworms

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

• Free living/parasitic

• Triploblastic

• Achoelomates

• Mouth (no anus)

• Protonephridia

• Catenulida (budding)

• Rhabditophora

• Trematodes

• Tapeworms

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Trematodes

• “blood flukes”

• Sexual reproduction

• Human parasite

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Trematodes

• “blood flukes”

• Sexual reproduction

• Human parasite

• Intermediate SNAIL host (asexual stage)

• Schistosoma mansoni

• ‘Schistosomiasis’ bladder cancer

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Tapeworms

• Cysts in undercooked pork, beef

• Scolex (head)

• Proglottids (body segments)

• 5 meters long!

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Tapeworms

• Cysts in undercooked pork, beef

• Scolex (head)

• Proglottids (body segments)

• 5 meters long!

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Tapeworms

• Cysts in undercooked pork, beef

• Scolex (head)

• Proglottids (body segments)

• 5 meters long!

Rotifera

• Sexual reproduction

• Parthenogenesis

• True Alimentary canal

• Mouth/anus

Rotifera

• Sexual reproduction

• Parthenogenesis

• True Alimentary canal

• Mouth/anus

Ectoprocta (Bryozoans)

• Coral reefs

• Calcified exoskeleton

• U-shaped alimentary canal.

Ectoprocta (Bryozoans)

• Coral reefs

• Calcified exoskeleton

• U-shaped alimentary canal.

Ectoprocta (Bryozoans)

• Coral reefs

• Calcified exoskeleton

• U-shaped alimentary canal.

MOLECULAR Data

Brachiopoda (lamp shells)

• Bivalves

• Two shell halves are DORSAL/VENTRAL not left right.

Brachiopoda (lamp shells)

• Bivalves

• Two shell halves are DORSAL/VENTRAL not left right.

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

Same body plan

• Coelomates

• Foot (motility)

• Visceral mass (organs)

• Mantle (shell)

• Mantle cavity

• Radula (toothed tongue)

• Trochophore (larval stage)

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

Same body plan

• Coelomates

• Foot (motility)

• Visceral mass (organs)

• Mantle (shell)

• Mantle cavity

• Radula (toothed tongue)

• Trochophore (larval stage)

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

GASTROPOD Same body plan

• Coelomates

• Foot (motility)

• Visceral mass (organs)

• Mantle (shell)

• Mantle cavity

• Radula (toothed tongue)

• Trochophore (larval stage)

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

BIVALVE Same body plan

• Coelomates

• Foot (motility)

• Visceral mass (organs)

• Mantle (shell)

• Mantle cavity

• Radula (toothed tongue)

• Trochophore (larval stage)

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

7-8 Clades

• Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

Oval body

8 dorsal plates

7-8 Clades

• Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

Mostly algae eaters

Suspension eaters

Some carnivores (cone sanail-radula)

7-8 Clades

• Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

Have lost radula

Filter feeders

Syphon

7-8 Clades

• Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

Have lost radula

Filter feeders

Syphon

7-8 Clades

• Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

Mollusca (snails, slugs, etc.)

7-8 Clades

• Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

-Carnivores

-Syphon (foot)

-eyes, brain

Annelida (segmented worms)

• Polychaetes (many legs)

• Oligochaetes (few legs)

• Coelomates

• Parapodia

• Chaetae

Annelida (segmented worms)

• Polychaetes (many legs)

• Oligochaetes (few legs)

• Coelomates

• Parapodia

• Chaetae

Annelida (segmented worms)

• Hermaphrodites

• Fragmentation

• Polychaetes (many legs)

• Oligochaetes (few legs)

• Coelomates

• Parapodia

• Chaetae

Annelida (segmented worms)

• Hermaphrodites

• Fragmentation

• Polychaetes (many legs)

• Oligochaetes (few legs)

• Coelomates

• Parapodia

• Chaetae

MOLECULAR Data

Ecdysozoa (molting)

Nematoda (round worms)

• Pseudochoelomates

• Cuticle

• Sexual reproduction.

• Parasites (wild meats)

• Trichinella spiralis

• Trichinosis

Nematoda (round worms)

• Pseudochoelomates

• Cuticle

• Sexual reproduction.

• Parasites (wild meats)

• Trichinella spiralis

• Trichinosis

Nematoda (round worms)

• Pseudochoelomates

• Cuticle

• Sexual reproduction.

• Parasites (wild meats)

• Trichinella spiralis

• Trichinosis

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

• Coleomates

• Sexual reproduction

• Segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen)

• Multiple legs (modified)

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

• Coleomates

• Sexual reproduction

• Segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen)

• Multiple legs (modified)

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

4 Major Subgroups

• Chelicerates

• Myriapods

• Hexapods (Insects)

• Crustaceans

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Chelicerates:

• Cephalothorax and abdomen

• Chelicera (fangs)

• Pedipalps

• Book lungs

• Subgroup: Arachnids

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Chelicerates:

• Cephalothorax and abdomen

• Chelicera (fangs)

• Pedipalps

• Book lungs

• Subgroup: Arachnids

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Myriapods:

• Centipedes

• Millipedes

• Main difference, long antennae and mouth mandibles.

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Hexapods: (insects)

• Head, thorax, abdomen

• (wings)

• 6 legs?

• Compound eyes

• Mouth mandibles

• Metamorphosis (nymphs)

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Hexapods: (insects)

• Head, thorax, abdomen

• (wings)

• 6 legs?

• Compound eyes

• Mouth mandibles

• Metamorphosis (nymphs)

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

30 Insect Orders (8)

• Archaeognatha

• Thysanura

• Coleoptera

• Diptera

• Hymenoptera

• Lepidoptera

• Hemiptera

• Orthoptera

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Archaeognatha

• Bristle tails

• Bark beetles

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Thysanura

• Silver fish

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Coleoptera

• Beetles

• 2 pairs wings (one is protective)

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Diptera

• Flies, Mosquitos

• Mouth (proboscis) adopted for sucking

• 2 pairs wings

• 1 pair adapted as halteres

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Hymenoptera

• Social insects (bees, wasps, ants)

• 2 pairs wings

• 1 pair halteres

• Sexual and parthenogenic reproduction

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Lepidoptera

• Moths

• Proboscis for sucking nectar

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Hemiptera

• Incomplete metamorphosis (nymphs)

• 2 pairs wings

• 1 pair leathery

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Orthoptera

• Grasshoppers, crickets etc.

• Wings but can’t fly

• Large hind legs for jumping

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Crustaceans

• Calcified exoskeleton

• Only arthropods with legs on abdomen!

• Isopods

• Decapods

• Copepods

• Barnacles

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Isopods

• Land crustaceans

• Pill bugs

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Decapods

• Lobsters, shrimps, crabs etc.

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Copepods

• Small, planktonic crustaceans

• Krill

Arthropoda (‘hinged foot’)

Barnacles

Deuterostomia

• Echinodermata

• Chordata

Echinodermata (‘spiny skin’)

• Starfish, sea urchins

• Tube feet

• Water vascular system

• Madreporites open to water

• ‘arms’ contain digestive glands, gonads

Echinodermata (‘spiny skin’)

• Starfish, sea urchins

• Tube feet

• Water vascular system

• Madreporites open to water

• ‘arms’ contain digestive glands, gonads

Echinodermata (‘spiny skin’)

Subdivisions

• Asteroidea

• Ophiuroidea

• Echinoidea

• Holothuroidea

Echinodermata (‘spiny skin’)

Asteroidea

• Starfish

• Sea Stars

• Sea Daisy

Echinodermata (‘spiny skin’)

Ophiuroidea

• Brittle stars

• Longer appendages

Echinodermata (‘spiny skin’)

Echinoidea

• Sea Urchins

• Sand Dollars

• Tube feet

• Central mouth/stomach

• Arms collapsed around tubular body

Echinodermata (‘spiny skin’)

Holothuroidea

• Sea cucumber

• Like a sea urchin, but spherical body replaced by pickle-shaped body

Questions/practice

After the break!

Match the organism to the Phylum • Sea stars

• Blood flukes

• Grasshoppers

• Lobsters

• Crabs

• Sea urchins

• Jellies

• Tapeworms

• Moths

• Porifera

• Cnidaria

• Platyhelminthe

• Ectoprocta

• Mollusca

• Annelida

• Nematoda

• Arthropoda

• Echinodermata

Match the organism to the Phylum • Snails • Leeches • Sponges • Squids • Bees • Barnacles • Clams • Lampshells • Spiders • Earthworms • Polyps • Cuttlefish • Krill

• Porifera

• Cnidaria

• Platyhelminthe

• Ectoprocta

• Mollusca

• Annelida

• Nematoda

• Arthropoda

• Echinodermata

Match the feature to the Phylum • Madreporites • Chaetae • Nematocyst • Pedipalps • Syphon • Nymphs • Radula • Parapodia • Mantle • Book lungs • Chelicera • Scolex • Medusa • Proglottid

• Porifera

• Cnidaria

• Platyhelminthe

• Ectoprocta

• Mollusca

• Annelida

• Nematoda

• Arthropoda

• Echinodermata

Match the feature to the picture • Madreporites • Chaetae • Nematocyst • Pedipalps • Syphon • Nymphs • Radula • Parapodia • Mantle • Book lungs • Chelicera • Scolex • Medusa • Proglottid

Match the feature to the picture • Madreporites • Chaetae • Nematocyst • Pedipalps • Syphon • Nymphs • Radula • Parapodia • Mantle • Book lungs • Chelicera • Scolex • Medusa • Proglottid

Match the feature to the picture • Madreporites • Chaetae • Nematocyst • Pedipalps • Syphon • Nymphs • Radula • Parapodia • Mantle • Book lungs • Chelicera • Scolex • Medusa • Proglottid

Match the feature to the picture • Madreporites • Chaetae • Nematocyst • Pedipalps • Syphon • Nymphs • Radula • Parapodia • Mantle • Book lungs • Chelicera • Scolex • Medusa • Proglottid

Match the feature to the picture • Madreporites • Chaetae • Nematocyst • Pedipalps • Syphon • Nymphs • Radula • Parapodia • Mantle • Book lungs • Chelicera • Scolex • Medusa • Proglottid

Match the feature to the picture • Madreporites • Chaetae • Nematocyst • Pedipalps • Syphon • Nymphs • Radula • Parapodia • Mantle • Book lungs • Chelicera • Scolex • Medusa • Proglottid

Match the feature to the picture • Madreporites • Chaetae • Nematocyst • Pedipalps • Syphon • Nymphs • Radula • Parapodia • Mantle • Book lungs • Chelicera • Scolex • Medusa • Proglottid

Cnidarians: match to the clade • Hydrozoan

• Scyphozoan

• Cubozoan

• Anthozoan

Cnidarians: match to the clade • Hydrozoan

• Scyphozoan

• Cubozoan

• Anthozoan

Cnidarians: match to the clade • Hydrozoan

• Scyphozoan

• Cubozoan

• Anthozoan

Mollusks: Match to the clade • Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

Mollusks: Match to the clade • Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

Mollusks: Match to the clade • Chitons

• Gastropods

• Bivalves

• Cephalopods

Arthropods: Match to the subgroup

• Chelicerates

• Myriapods

• Hexapods

• Crustaceans

Arthropods: Match to the subgroup

• Chelicerates

• Myriapods

• Hexapods

• Crustaceans

Arthropods: Match to the subgroup

• Chelicerates

• Myriapods

• Hexapods

• Crustaceans

Arthropods: Match to the subgroup

• Chelicerates

• Myriapods

• Hexapods

• Crustaceans

Insects: Match to the Order • Coleopters

• Diptera

• Hymenoptera

• Lepidoptera

• Hemiptera

• Orthoptera

Insects: Match to the Order • Coleopters

• Diptera

• Hymenoptera

• Lepidoptera

• Hemiptera

• Orthoptera

Insects: Match to the Order • Coleopters

• Diptera

• Hymenoptera

• Lepidoptera

• Hemiptera

• Orthoptera

Insects: Match to the Order • Coleopters

• Diptera

• Hymenoptera

• Lepidoptera

• Hemiptera

• Orthoptera

Match

a) Porifera

b) Cnidaria

c) Platyhelminthes

d) Rotifera

e) Ectoprocta

f) Brachiopoda

g) Mollusca

h) Annelida

i) Ecdysozoa

j) Nematoda

k) Arthropoda

l) Echinodermata

m) Chordata

Match

a) Aboral b) Anthozoan c) Compound d) Chelicerae e) Choanocyte f) Hymenoptera g) Lepidoptera h) Madreporite i) Mandibles j) Medusa

k) Nematocyst l) Nymph m) Orthoptera n) Osculum o) Polyp p) Proglottid q) Scolex r) Spongocoel s) Syphon